Raw Material Base Research Articles

Интеграция оценки жизненного цикла в практику выбора перспективной технологии функциональных пищевых ингредиентов

The research involved environmental assessment of technologies for the production of functional ingredients with oncoprotective functions on the basis of different raw materials: secondary resources – by-products of soybean oil production and plant raw materials (extracts from Filipendula ulmaria) in order to determine the environmental impact in their life cycle and to select the environmentally best of the considered technologies. The following biologically active substances were considered as research objects: microencapsulated phytosterols from by-products of soya oil production and nanoencapsulated extracts from wild and farmer Filipendula ulmaria. Life cycle assessment method was used as a research method as a tool to assess the environmental impact of production. Life cycle inventory analysis of technologies was carried out based on SimaPro 9.1.1.1.1 software using EPD (2018) V1.01, ReCiPe 2016 (Midpoint (H) V1.04/World (2010) H), and IPCC 2013 (GWP 500a V1.01) calculation models. Using the life cycle of functional ingredients for cancer prevention as an example, it is shown that the use soya oil production by-products is more environmentally friendly than the use of plant extracts from wild and farmer's labdanum (Filipendula ulmaria). The environmental impacts of the production technologies in the categories of global warming, eutrophication, acidification, and water consumption were quantified, confirming the superiority of phytostyrene from soya oil waste. The results obtained can be used to create a domestic information database for the selection of the best technologies for the production of biologically active substances and functional food ingredients, taking into account the environmental assessment of the life cycle.

Structure of refractory materials based on local mineral raw

The paper is devoted to the results of microscopic analysis of the structure of fire-resistant materials developed on the basis of local mineral raw materials. The authors point out that in this regard, a special place is occupied by the microscopic analysis of refractory materials, because the use of various radiation and various designs of microscopes from optical to electronic requires various special preparation of objects and special methods for deciphering the observed images. Moreover, the use of these methods in relation to the fire-resistant compositions obtained during the experiments, consisting of kaolin, wollastonite, soda water glass, silica, finely dispersed thermovermiculite, silicon dioxide, dolomite, etc., demonstrates their microrelief morphology, which gives rise to other experiments related to increasing the quality of fire resistance of the objects under study.

Obtaining of highly energy-efficient activated carbons based on wood

The research work established the distinctive features of the composition and properties of local Paulownia woods - raw materials for the production of highly energy-efficient activated adsorbents. The colloidal, physicochemical properties of the obtained adsorbents from Paulownia wood were revealed. The adsorption properties of the developed adsorbents have been established for deep purification of water-alcohol solutions. In the article, research work was carried out on the wooden stems of a number of trees growing in the territory of Uzbekistan. According to the results of the experimental research, the base of raw materials meeting the requirement of being an adsorbent was researched, and their physico-chemical, colloidal properties were studied. It was found that Pavlovnia wood with high density and porosity can meet the requirement to be an adsorbent. In the study, its porosity, moisture level, ash content, and adsorbent productivity were studied. Based on the obtained results, a series of raw materials that can meet the demand of adsorbent was formed.

Региональный рынок мяса: движение к самообеспеченности (на примере Республики Крым)

The object of research is the Crimean market of meat and meat products. The subject of research is the strategic prerequisites and trends causing the formation of its self-reliance within the implementation of the State program of agricultural development and regulation of Crimean agricultural products, raw materials and food markets. The research hypothesis is connected with expansion prospects justification in the republican food market of meat and meat products’ segment of regional trademarks. The purpose of the article is the identification of state support directions of regional agricultural producers, strategic prerequisites, self-sufficiency of the Crimean meat and meat products market and also the definition of factors taking into account innovative trends of development of the republican livestock complex. The results of research of the Crimean meat and meat products’ market condition are shown. Specific provisions of the government program of agricultural development and agricultural products markets regulation, Crimean raw materials and food products’ markets are analyzed. Tasks, indicators and the anticipated results in increasing volumes of livestock production and their quality improvement are identified. The key indicators made it possible to assess the market under analysis; dynamics of their changes are presented. Features and trends of meat industry development in the main types of livestock production and poultry farming are characterized. The condition of livestock production in the republic is studied. Features and trends of meat industry development in main types of livestock production and poultry farming are characterized. The analysis of export products’ structure of the industry is carried out. The influence of finished goods price on consumption level is studied. The role of farms in the solution of regional self-sufficiency problem is presented by meat and meat products. Among strategic prerequisites of the regional resource base of raw materials, the measures of the state support of the agricultural sphere are analyzed. Available scientific, technical potential and logistics are also studied. The conclusion is made that the development of food security of the regional grocery market in the segment of meat and meat products can be promoted by innovative trends of agro-industrial complex development.

Prospects of using quail products in the production of meat souffle

This research is focused on the development of a recipe composition for meat soufflé enriched with "Iodselen" bioactive additive. The objects of the study were as follows: experimental samples of meat soufflé, obtained according to 3 recipe options with different ratios of the main raw materials, wt.%: quail meat from 80.0 to 90.0, rendered quail fat from 10 to 20. By way of comparison, a meat product has been chosen, the recipe of which is described in patent No. 2726428. As a part of the research, the choice of components of the recipe composition of meat soufflé has been scientifically substantiated, and its quality has been assessed according to organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological indicators. During the tasting assessment, it has been found that the meat soufflé is characterized by high quality indicators. The highest score has been obtained by sample according to option 3 (5.0 points), in which meat and rendered fat are presented in the following ratio of 85.0:15.0 wt.%. The highest protein content has been measured to be in the meat soufflé according to option 4 which is 28.7%, while the amount of fat in the product obtained according to option 2 was 10.4%, which is 14.7% and 26.6% more than in samples 3 and 4. This is directly related to the introduction of different amounts of basic raw materials into the recipe. It has been found that sample 2 is possessed by the highest energy value of 252.8 kcal (1.058.4 kJ), to the recipe of which 80.0 wt.% of raw meat and 20.0 wt.% of rendered fat were added. However, according to organoleptic assessment, sample 3 is more balanced. The functional orientation of the developed meat product has been proven, so the introduction of 0.06% of “Iodselen” into the soufflé satisfies the body’s daily need for iodine, which is 150 mcg/day, and selenium, which is 55 mcg/day for women and 70 mcg/day for men, for adults (over 18 years old).

Hidden Connections: The Global History of Jungle Commodities.

This article reconsiders the production of tropical forest commodities during the industrial age. It argues that writing the global history of jungle commodities requires combining an analysis of local production with larger histories of trans-local interaction and exchange. To that end, this article exposes the nineteenth- and twentieth-century production connections between jungle frontiers in Africa, Asia, and Latin America and industries and research laboratories in Europe and North America. While tropical forests are usually seen as places of basic raw material extraction, this article alternatively presents them as complex technological landscapes, where production is entangled with chemical, consumer, electrical, and pharmaceutical industries. Significant accounts of tropical forest labor activities shed light on what techniques and skills were required for producing vital global commodities and how these changed over time.

Chicken Bones As Gelatin Source For Pharmaceutical Preparations

This study primarily aimed to extract gelatin from chicken bones which could be used as basic raw material for pharmaceutical capsule preparation. The processing of the raw, fresh bones into gelatin involved the following stages: degreasing/defatting, demineralization, conditioning and pretreatment, extraction, drying, grinding to the desired grain size, packing in airtight containers. The gelatin obtained is yellowish in color, has a slight but not disagreeable odor and is stable on dry air. It is insoluble in cold water, but dissolves readily in hot water. It is slightly soluble in acetic acid and alcohol but soluble in hot solution of glycerine and water. It is insoluble in organic solvents such us ether, chloroform and mineral oil. Its viscosity is 1.1816 poise. Based on the USP and Merck’s requirement for Identification Test for commercial gelatin, the gelatin obtained from chicken bones passed the standard set up. For the Microbial Limits Determination, the chicken bone gelatin did not exceed the total plate count of 1,000 microbes per gram of sample. The determination of gelatin-water concentration for capsule preparation showed that the 1:1.5 concentrations suited best which was supported from ITDI Pigskin/bones gelatin results. In conclusion, chicken bones are therefore good source of gelatin using petroleum ether as solvent.

Direct oxidation of methane to methanol using CuMoO4.

Upgrading methane into methanol or other high value-added chemicals is not only beneficial to mitigate the greenhouse effect, but also provides basic raw materials for industrial production. Nowadays, most research is limited to zeolite systems, and it is a considerable challenge to extend the support to metal oxides while achieving a high yield of methanol. In this paper, we take advantage of impregnation methods to synthesise a novel Cu/MoO3 catalyst, which can convert methane to methanol in the gaseous phase. At 600 °C, the Cu(2)/MoO3 catalyst can achieve a maximum STYCH3OH of 47.2 μmol (g-1 h-1) with a molar ratio CH4 : O2 : H2O = 5 : 1.4 : 10. Consequences of SEM, TEM, HRTEM and XRD substantiate that Cu is incorporated into the lattice of MoO3 to form CuMoO4. And transmission infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy together with XPS characterization techniques confirm the generation of CuMoO4, which is the main active site provider. This work provides a new support platform for Cu-based catalyst research in the methane-to-methanol system.

Progress in the Preparation and Application of Arylsilane

Abstract: Arylsilanes are the basic raw material for the synthesis of advanced silicone new materials such as phenylsilicone resin, phenylsilicone oil and phenyl silicone rubber, etc. The silicone polymers containing aryl groups were applied widely in the fields including electronics, and aerospace. In the past decades, arylsilanes have been widely used in organic synthesis, such as Hiyama coupling, C-N bond formation, synthesis of biaryl, polyketone polymer, and so on. Therefore, synthetic research on arylsilanes has also received wide attention. In this paper, the research progress of the synthesis and applications of arylsilanes in the past decades has been reviewed.

Additive Manufacturing in Metal Jewelry Industry: Analytical Study

With the diversity and multiplicity of materials used in the production of jewelry throughout history and the development of jewelry design in successive ages and decades, metal still the basic raw material for jewelry production

Structure formation of hyper-compacted and modified concrete

Production of axisymmetric products -pressure and non-pressure pipes, rings, wells, bridges and drainage elements represents one of the main branches of construction industry in water and wastewater industry of Uzbekistan and Central Asian republics. However, positive tendencies of its development are only emerging and still do not meet the potential of progressive, competitive and economical modern technology, capable of providing significant shifts in reduction of resource intensity of new products, expansion of raw material base of construction industry and involvement of technogenic products into its balance, as well as solution of important economic and environmental problems. Prospects for further development of high-efficiency tubular goods production and scientific and technological progress of their production are largely determined by the importance of regularities and methods of controlling technological processes of structure formation with regard to given high level of product quality and criteria of resource intensity of production. In this regard, the analysis of general regularities of material structure formation in the complex process of hypercompaction and cementations modification in axisymmetric concrete is of primary importance.

Expanding the raw material base of mines through the concentration of small fractions of sub-conditional ores

Expanding the raw material base of mines through the concentration of small fractions of sub-conditional ores

ЗАГАЛЬНА ГЕОЛОГІЧНА ІСТОРІЯ ЯК ОСНОВА ЄДИНОЇ СТРАТИГРАФІЧНОЇ ШКАЛИ ДОКЕМБРІЙСЬКИХ ПОРІД ПЕРШОТРАВНЕВОГО ТА ГАННІВСЬКОГО РОДОВИЩ КРИВОРІЗЬКОГО ЗАЛІЗОРУДНОГО БАСЕЙНУ

Hannivske deposit of poor magnetite ores is part of the Kryvyi Rih iron ore basin. The deposit is located in the southern part of the Eastern-Hannivka belt at the Northern iron ore district of Kryvbas. Two sets of rocks are involved in the geological structure of the Hannivske deposit: crystalline rocks of the Archaean and Proterozoic, as well as rocks of the Cenozoic sedimentary cover. Archean rocks are represented by plagiogranites and plagiomigmatites of the Dnipropetrovsk Complex (AR2dn) and amphibolites of the Konkska Series (AR3kn). The Proterozoic complex of rocks is formed by the Kryvyi Rih Series (PP1kr), which is divided into five Formations (from bottom to top): Novokryvorizka (PR1nk), Skelyuvatska (PR1sk), Saksaganska (PR1sx), Gdantsivska (PR1gd) and Gleyuvatska (PR1gl). The productive stratum of the Hannivske deposit is the overlying pack of the first ferrous horizon of the Saksaganska Formation of the Kryvyi Rih Series, which, according to the generally accepted stratigraphic scheme of Kryvbas, corresponds to the fifth-sixth ferrous horizon of Saksaganska Formation of Kryvyi Rih Series. Crystalline rocks of the Archaean and Proterozoic are covered by a layer of sedimentary rocks of the Cenozoic: Paleogene (P), Neogene (N) and Quaternary (Q) periods. In the southern part, the Eastern-Hannivka belt (Hannivske deposit) connects with the Pervomayka deposit by a series of numerous sublatitudinal and diagonal faults. In the north-northwest direction, there is a gradual decrease in thickness and wedging of the Eastern-Hannivka belt, including the iron ore stratum. Metasomatic processes in their intense display are observed in the productive stratum of the Hannivske deposit locally, but a significant part of it is covered by weak metasomatic changes. A feature of metasomatic processes was the formation of metasomatic bodies along linear tectonically weakened zones or at their intersection nodes. Multi-stage formation of the Hannivske deposit, active display of various geological processes in the productive and containing stratums (sedimentation, metamorphism, tectogenesis, metasomatosis, hydrothermal, astroblemic phenomena, syngenetic and epigenetic magmatism, hypergenesis, etc.) determined the mineralogical and chemical diversity of the Hannivske deposit ores, the presence in its productive and capacious layers, the manifestation of many metallic and non-metallic minerals, the formation of a complex mineral and raw material base of the deposit.

The use of a mobile unit for separating coniferous trees for rational nature management

The paper gives the analysis of the problem of rational nature management in the process of logging operations. An assessment of the formation of logging waste in the form of coniferous tree greenery, the expediency of separating needles directly in the places of their accumulation for further transportation and processing is substantiated. To solve the problem of separating needles from branches in logging conditions, the design of a mobile plant for needle separation was proposed. Analytical and mathematical methods were used, as well as modeling of the structures of units and assemblies. The results obtained can be widely used both at logging and wood processing enterprises. The use of the proposed design of a mobile device for separating needles in the process of logging operations will reduce the amount of logging waste by removing needles from the cutting area. This, in turn, will not only reduce the fire hazard of the logging process, but also expand the raw material base for the production of essential oils, bioactive preparations, vitamin flour and other products from coniferous trees.

Features of the Formation of Gold Placers in the Mountain Area of the Southern Urals (on the Example of Suleymenovskaya Multilayer Placer)

Analysis of the formation conditions of Quaternary gold placers in the mountain area of the Southern Urals on the example of the Suleymenskaya multilayer placer shows that the most productive are the Eopleistocene and Middle Neopleistocene placer cycles associated with the final phase of the continuously intermittent neoorogenic rise of the territory. At the same time, the productivity of placers increases with the increase in the scale of fluvial processing of sediments of the Eopleistocene paleo-cleft and the transition of placers to the Middle Neopleistocene. The source of gold of the Suleymenskaya placer is the zone of gold ore mineralization in the northern part of the Tungatarovskiy fault. Prospects for expanding the raw material base of the territory are associated with the productive sediments of buried Eopleistocene paleo-cleft, coinciding with the zones of goldsulfide mineralization.

Reducing ecological damage to flora and fauna through the use of waste from oil production as porous fillers in manufacturing

The work shows that it is expedient to use waste from oil production (oil sludge) as a raw material for obtaining porous fillers, which promotes the development of industrial ecology. Industrial ecology studies waste-free technologies - when waste from one production facility is used as raw material at another facility, which will achieve either waste-free production or maximum use of multi-tonnage waste. Ecological-economic systems are the subject of study of industrial or industrial ecology. Currently, the impact of industry on the environment is relevant because the activities of the fuel and energy complex, metallurgical, chemical, mechanical engineering, and many other enterprises cause significant and irreversible damage to nature. The fuel and energy complex is one of the main “polluters” of the natural environment. These are atmospheric emissions (48% of all atmospheric emissions), discharges of wastewater (36% of all discharges), as well as the formation of solid waste (30% of all solid pollutants). The conducted research has shown that due to the increased contents of carbon (16.2%) and calorific value (3300 kcal/kg) in the oil sludge, which burn or contribute to burning (calorific value) during firing, porosity is created in the ceramic material, and a porous material with low density, grade by bulk density of less than 400, is obtained. Based on a liquid-powder composition and waste from oil production - oil sludge, a porous filler with high physical and mechanical properties was obtained. The use of oil production waste in the production of porous fillers contributes to the disposal of industrial multi-tonnage waste, the protection of the environment, and the expansion of the raw material base for construction materials.

ТHE CURRENT STATE AND MAIN DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE BEEKEEPING INDUSTRY

The article examines the current state and prospects for the development of the beekeeping industry in Ukraine. Ukraine is known as one of the most powerful beekeeping countries in the world due to its favorable geographical location and ability to produce high-quality beekeeping products for both domestic consumption and export. In the article is emphasized the special role of beekeeping in the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine. The beekeeping industry not only produces useful food products, but also forms the raw material base for the processing industry, contributes to increased productivity and is of great importance for the product market. To achieve the goal, general scientific methods of research, such as empirical, theoretical, statistical and calculation-mathematical, were used. There was conducted a review of scientific sources, articles and publications related to the field of beekeeping, honey production and the number of bee families. This analysis provided an overview of the honey market and identified key aspects for further research. Statistical data on honey production in households, enterprises and farms, as well as data on the number of bee colonies were used to assess the state and dynamics of the development of the beekeeping industry. In addition, computational and mathematical methods were used for a comprehensive analysis of the sector's problems and prospects. The general conclusion of the article is that the beekeeping industry in Ukraine is under the influence of various factors, such as the decrease in the number of bees, climate change and external threats. The lack of a scientifically based mechanism for the formation and functioning of the honey market, as well as the insufficiency of researched issues of the development of market relations between producers, processors and suppliers of beekeeping products, limited information on the economic efficiency of the production of beekeeping products - all these issues require detailed research. The prospects for the development of the beekeeping industry lie in organic beekeeping and the use of modern technologies. This article has significant scientific and practical potential, as it provides important conclusions and recommendations for the development of the beekeeping industry in Ukraine.

Crushed stone waste use in building materials production

The issue of recycling and reuse of human waste is a matter of survival. Without a clear policy in this area, it is impossible to imagine a civilized society. A significant amount of various construction waste has accumulated on the territory of many regions, which leads to a violation of the ecological balance. As a solution, their use as raw materials in the production of building materials is proposed. During the analysis of the local natural and man-made raw materials base of the Vladimir region, the main sources that could be used to obtain new construction materials were identified. The main source of dolomites and limestones in the Vladimir region is the Melekhovskoye deposit. At the moment, large volumes of secondary raw materials have been accumulated in the quarries for processing carbonate rocks. These wastes are formed during the extraction, crushing and sorting of rock during the production of crushed stone. The paper discusses the issues of obtaining high-strength concrete based on magnesia binders using local waste from the extractive industry.

The results of the field accounting of medicinal plants in the forest and forest-steppe zones of Central Russia

To assess the potential of the raw material base of medicinal plants and search for new plant sources of biologically active substances, it is necessary to monitor and record the biological diversity of plants, their number and abundance in natural plant communities. Plants are counted by the transect method. In the course of field research in 2022, the biodiversity, abundance, and abundance of medicinal plants in three regions of Central Russia were assessed. In the Lipetsk Region (the lower reaches of the Chichera River, the valley of the Sukhaya Lubna River), the most notable species of the Ranunculaceae families were identified: Adonis vernalis L. (spring adonis); Rosaceae: Agrimonia eupatoria L. (common agrimony); Filipendula vulgaris Moench (six-petalled meadowsweet). In the Samara region (floodplain of the Sok River) - Rosaceae: Sanguisorba officinalis L. (burnet officinalis); Filipendula vulgaris Moench; Ranunculaceae: Adonis vernalis L. In the Moscow, Ryazan region (Meshchera) species of families - Rosaceae: Potentilla argentea L. (silver cinquefoil) (Rosaceae), Fragaria vesca L. (wild strawberry), Potentilla erecta L. (upright cinquefoil), Comarum palustre L. (marsh cinquefoil); Onagraceae: Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. (fireweed narrow-leaved); Asteraceae: Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench.; Caprifoliaceae: Valeriana officinalis L. (valerian officinalis); Hypericaceae: Hypericum maculatum L. (St. John’s wort); Equisetaceae: Equisetum arvense L. (horsetail); Lamiaceae: Stachys palustris L. (marsh weed); Primulaceae: Lysimachia vulgaris L. (common loosestrife). A total of 65 species of medicinal plants have been identified. Species with a noticeable abundance are characterized as a source of a certain group of chemical compounds. To assess the potential of the raw material base of medicinal plants and to search for new plant sources of biologically active substances, it is necessary to monitor and account for the biological diversity of plants, their size and abundance in natural plant communities. Accounting of plants is carried out by the transect method. In the course of field research 2022 year, the biodiversity, size and abundance of medicinal plants in three regions of Central Russia were evaluated. In the Lipetsk region (the lower reaches of the Chicher River, the valley of the Sukhaya Lubna River), the most notable species were identified - Ranunculaceae: Adonis vernalis L.; Rosaceae: Agrimonia eupatoria L.; Filipendula vulgaris Moench. In the Samara region (floodplain of the Sok river) - Rosaceae: Sanguisorba officinalis L.; Filipendula vulgaris Moench; Ranunculaceae: Adonis vernalis L. In the Moscow, Ryazan regions (Meschera) - Rosaceae: Potentilla argentea L., Fragaria vesca L., Potentilla erecta L., Comarum palustre L.; Onagraceae: Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.; Asteraceae: Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench.; Caprifoliaceae: Valeriana officinalis L.; Hypericaceae: Hypericum maculatum L.; Equisetaceae: Equisetum arvense L.; Lamiaceae: Stachys palustris L.; Primulaceae: Lysimachia vulgaris L. A total of 65 species of medicinal plants have been identified. Species with a noticeable number are characterized as a source of a certain group of chemical compounds.

BACTERIAL LEACHING OF BALANCED ORES OF ALBITITE DEPOSITS OF THE UKRAINIAN SHIELD

Prospects for increasing the raw materials resources of uranium ore deposits of the albite formation of the Ingul megablock of the Ukrainian Shield and the possibility of reducing the impact of harmful waste due to the method of bacterial leaching of metals were considered. Mineral-forming systems of uranium-bearing albitites of the Ukrainian Shield have always been considered as monoelement, exclusively uranium objects. However, their out-of-balance ores and tailings contain elevated, up to industrial, concentrations of other metals, which, under conditions of hypergenic processes, pose a potential threat of environmental pollution. In order to determine the possibility of expanding raw materials resources of albite deposits of the Ukrainian Shield due to the use of the method of bacterial leaching of metals, the composition of industrial ores and host rocks was considered. In particular, our data from their mineralogical and geochemical research showed that uranium and five of its companion elements: thorium, vanadium, beryllium, zirconium and lead reach industrial content. At the same time, cobalt, nickel and zinc are characterized by an increased content close to the minimum industrial values. The most promising for bacterial leaching are rocks that contain sulfides. The rocks of the uranium ore albitite formation contain sulfur-containing compounds and, in particular, pyrite, as well as bi- and trivalent iron. We found the highest content of sulfides in albitized rocks (up to 0.82%), ore-free albitites (up to 0.81%), low-ore albitites (up to 0.61%), that is, in rocks accumulated in industrial waste. It is assumed that the use of bacterial leaching methods with the participation of chemolithotrophic microorganisms can be promising for the processing of off-balance ores and will contribute to the expansion of the raw material base of albite deposits of the Ukrainian Shield, due not only to uranium, but also to nickel, cobalt and zinc.