Raw Food Research Articles

Effect of packaging in preventing cholesterol autoxidation in milk chocolates for a higher quality and safer shelf-life.

Non-enzymatic cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) are nowadays receiving increasing attention in food technology for their potential use as biomarkers of freshness and safety in raw materials and complex food matrices, as well as markers of cholesterol oxidation during the production and shelf-life of end products. Here reported is the investigation of how long three prototype milk chocolates containing whole milk powders (WMPs) of increasing shelf-lives (i.e. 20, 120, and 180 days), could be safely stored in the market by adopting the non-enzymatic COPs as a quality markers. In addition, the protective effect of two different primary packaging, sealed and unsealed ones, in mitigating the generation of non-enzymatic COPs in three prototype milk chocolates after 3, 6, 9, 12 months of shelf-life was assessed to simulate two real storage conditions. Quantifying oxysterols' levels by mass spectrometry, the oxygen impermeable packaging (PLUS) resulted to significantly quench the non-enzymatic COPs production up to 34% as to that found in the same product but with unsealed standard packaging (STD). This study represents one practical application of non-enzymatic COPs as a reliable tool for corrective strategies to prevent food oxidation.

Slight Temperature Deviation during a 56-Day Storage Period Does Not Affect the Microbiota of Fresh Vacuum-Packed Pork Loins.

It is profitable to export fresh meat overseas, where it is often regarded as a premium commodity. Meeting this demand for fresh meat, however, necessitates long export times, during which uncontrolled temperature increases can affect the microbiological quality of the meat and thereby, reduce shelf life or compromise food safety. To study the impact of temperature deviations on microbial community composition and diversity, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing for Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. detection to describe the surface microbiota of eight batches of vacuum-packed loins stored at -1.5 °C (control) for 56 days and subjected to a 2 °C or 10 °C temperature deviation for a few hours (mimicking problems regularly encountered in the industry) at day 15 or 29. The presence of pathogens was negligible. The applied temperature deviations were not associated with different microbiota. Sequencing analysis showed the presence of Yersinia, an unexpected pathogen, and relative abundance increased in the groups subjected to temperature deviations. Over time, Lactobacillales_unclassified genus became the main constituent of the microbiota of vacuum-packed pork loins. Although the microbiota of the eight batches appeared similar at the beginning of storage, differences were revealed after 56 days, suggesting unequal aging of the microbiota.

Ecological Zoning of Paratapes undulatus in Estuaries of Da Nang, Vietnam

Bivalves play a significant role in providing food for humans. The bivalve, Paratapes undulatus (Born 1778) living in the Da Nang estuary in central Vietnam has been used as a live food for many years. Based on the results of the field survey in 2021-2022, this study has clarified the ecological and environmental properties of the studied area for ecological zoning of the distribution of this species. The results show that the bottom water and sediments in the Da Nang estuaries were suitable for the distribution and development of undulate venus clam. Moreover, the influence of river discharge in the rainy season has limited the distribution of clams in the river and mount areas compared to others. Clams were not found distributed in sandy or muddy areas, they were observed in areas with sand/mud deposits. This article also showed the clam stock in the studied areas however, size of scallops at the time of the study was smaller than the first mature size, so for sustainable exploitation, there should be mandatory policies on the season and harvest size as well.

Small Pests Detection in Field Crops Using Deep Learning Object Detection

Deep learning algorithms, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have been widely studied and applied in various fields including agriculture. Agriculture is the most important source of food and income in human life. In most countries, the backbone of the economy is based on agriculture. Pests are one of the major challenges in crop production worldwide. To reduce the overall production and economic loss from pests, advancement in computer vision and artificial intelligence may lead to early and small pest detection with greater accuracy and speed. In this paper, an approach for early pest detection using deep learning and convolutional neural networks has been presented. Object detection is applied on a dataset with images of thistle caterpillars, red beetles, and citrus psylla. The input dataset contains 9875 images of all the pests under different illumination conditions. State-of-the-art Yolo v3, Yolov3-Tiny, Yolov4, Yolov4-Tiny, Yolov6, and Yolov8 have been adopted in this study for detection. All of these models were selected based on their performance in object detection. The images were annotated in the Yolo format. Yolov8 achieved the highest mAP of 84.7% with an average loss of 0.7939, which is better than the results reported in other works when compared to small pest detection. The Yolov8 model was further integrated in an Android application for real time pest detection. This paper contributes the implementation of novel deep learning models, analytical methodology, and a workflow to detect pests in crops for effective pest management.

Total Zn of foods and bioaccesible fractions in the small and large intestine after in vitro digestion and fermentation with fecal material of healthy adults and children: Influence of culinary techniques

The healthy status of human beings is associated with an appropriate nutritional status in Zn, which must firstly be bioavailable. We measured the total Zn amount and its bioaccesibility in raw foods and after cooking by common culinary techniques. These foods were submitted to an in vitro digestion and fermentation with faecal inocula from healthy adults and children to evaluate Zn bioaccesibility in the small and large intestine. Mean total Zn amount provided by foods was 8.080 μg/g. Zn amount released from food in the small intestine was significantly different among several food groups and lower in raw vegetal foods compared to cooked ones (frying, roasting and grilling; p < 0.05); the same behaviour was found in the large intestine for healthy children. Zn bioaccesibility in the large intestine varied statistically according to the subjects’ idiosyncrasies, and was higher in healthy children (p < 0.05) probably due to growth demands and different composition of the colonic microbiota. In healthy adults and children, the bioaccesible fractions were 33.0 ± 20.4 % for the small intestine, 16.4 ± 22.0 and 59.6 ± 29.9% for the large one, and the non-bioaccessible ones 50.6 ± 19.9 and 7.4 ± 9.1%, respectively.

Effect of dehulling, roasting, and cooking on the nutritional composition of Himalayan barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea)

AbstractBackgroundThe Himalayan Echinochloa frumentacea (barnyard millet) is believed to be a nutritionally rich crop but remains underutilized. It is generally used after removing its seed coat (SC) through dehulling, and for making some food items, it is roasted before cooking. Such pre‐cooking processes, such as dehulling, roasting, and then cooking affect the nutraceutical potential of raw grains and food items prepared.ResultsThe effects of processing techniques are determined in terms of variation in proximate properties, antinutrients, phytochemicals, and antioxidants. The processing methods significantly (p &lt; 0.05) affected the nutraceutical potential of the processed form of barnyard millet. While comparing the nutritional properties of raw and dehulled barnyard millet, it was found that the SCs are nutritionally very rich, which are generally either discarded or become part of cattle feed. Vitamin C, E, alkaloids, and oxalate content were found to decrease after roasting. Cooking had decreased the carbohydrate, fat, vitamin C, vitamin E, alkaloid, oxalate, and iron content in both food types in comparison to the pre‐cooking stage of the millet samples, while tannin content was found to have increased.ConclusionIn this work, the variation in the nutritional parameters and phytochemicals of barnyard millet was studied during the processing steps, such as dehulling, roasting, and cooking. Roasting had shown a lesser impact on the selected nutritional properties of uncoated seeds, while cooking had changed some of the nutritional properties. The SC was also found to be nutritious, so it needs to be explored further for its efficient utilization.

Hindu-Right Activism in Pandemic: Exploring the Role of Durga Vahini in Covid-19

Women’s activism in the Hindu right has gone through communication and mobilisation shifts in the context of Covid-19. The article traces how the hierarchy and coordination within the Durga Vahini—the women’s wing of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad facilitate the propagation of two primary goals 1 of seva, and sanskar in Delhi and Uttar Pradesh. Through semi-structured interviews with the representatives of the organisation, the article focuses on understanding mobilisation strategies like e- satsangs, accommodation of marginalised groups through the distribution of raw food resources, and manipulation of mythological narratives for the recruitment of young girls to propagate Hindu nationalism. The core argument of the article is focused on understanding these mobilisation tactics and changing nature seva in the times of pandemic.

Regularities of cadmium accumulation in organs and bristle of Kemerovo breed pigs

The results of the atomic absorption analysis of the elemental status of pigs of Kemerovo breed are presented. The studies were carried out in pig farm in Kuzbass. Organ samples from pigs were taken immediately after slaughter and analyzed at the Analytical Center for Collective Use of the Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy (ACCU Sobolev IGM SB RAS) by atomic absorption spectrometry with flame and electrothermal atomization using SOLAAR M6 spectrometer (USA) according to State Standard 26929-94 “Raw food and food products. Cadmium levels in bristles (W=0.94, p&gt;0.05) and kidneys (W=0.92, p&gt;0.05) were characterized by normal distribution. In the breeding zone of the Kemerovo breed, the content of heavy metals in soil, water and feed was studied, which did not exceed the MPC. The mean cadmium levels in the kidneys and spleen were within the standard intervals established for pigs. Cadmium levels in the spleen and bristle were characterized by a smaller interquartile range relative to the kidneys. The obtained data on the concentration of cadmium in the organs and bristles of pigs of the Kemerovo breed can be used for the intravital assessment of the interior of animals.

Https://medwinpublishers.com/JONAM/water-as-discussed-by-charaka-the-father-of-indian-medicine.pdf

The present day life style and food habits have been changed so much so drastically that the younger generation are landing up in many major health issues including life style disorders. Poly cystic ovarian syndrome, further resulting into primary infertility is a major cause of concern in the reproductive age groups of the present day generation. The present case report is of an infertile married couple who had not been able to conceive even after 4 years of regular unprotected sexual life. The female partner was diagnosed with PCOS. The couple underwent conventional treatments of primary infertility but did not get any fruitful results. Eager to conceive, they approached us for Ayurvedic treatment. Based on the Ayurvedic diagnostic parameters, the case was diagnosed as primary infertility (Vandhyatva) associated with poly cystic ovarian morphology. Along with proper lifestyle and diet, the patient was given with Ayurvedic Shamanoushadhis for 6 months, after which she successfully conceived and delivered a healthy male baby.

Electronic Nose (E-Nose) for Quality Detection of Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) Contaminated Bacteria

Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) is a food that is often consumed raw to support raw food diet activities, so it has the potential to be contaminated with Salmonella typhi bacteria. Fish can be contaminated by bacteria due to their high water and protein content. Indonesia is the world's main tuna producer. Salmonella typhi detection in fresh tuna in Indonesia must be negative for Salmonella microbial contamination in order to meet food safety requirements. Microbial testing has drawbacks, such as long delays. An electronic nose was used to detect Salmonella typhi bacteria in tuna fish. The sample used consisted of 3 kinds of samples: Salmonella typhi bacteria, tuna, and tuna with Salmonella typhi contamination. The research was conducted with a shelf life of 48 hours and a sensing period every 6 hours with a sensor array of 8 sensors. The sensor output data is processed using the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) method. Through the PCA method, each variation of bacterial treatment can be classified. The result of the cumulative percentage variance of the two main components (PC) in the classification test between Salmonella typhi, tuna, and tuna with Salmonella typhi bacteria contamination was 90.5%. The most influential sensors in this study are TGS 825 for PC1 with a loading value of 0.625 and TGS 826 for PC2 with a loading value of -0.753. Therefore, it can be concluded that an electronic nose can classify between pure tuna and tuna contaminated with Salmonella typhi bacteria.

Effect of Early Peptide Diets on Zebrafish Skeletal Development.

Incorporation of dietary peptides has been correlated with decreased presence of skeletal abnormalities in marine larvae. In an attempt to clarify the effect of smaller protein fractions on fish larval and post-larval skeleton, we designed three isoenergetic diets with partial substitution of their protein content with 0% (C), 6% (P6) and 12% (P12) shrimp di- and tripeptides. Experimental diets were tested in zebrafish under two regimes, with inclusion (ADF-Artemia and dry feed) or lack (DF-dry feed only) of live food. Results at the end of metamorphosis highlight the beneficial effect of P12 on growth, survival and early skeletal quality when dry diets are provided from first feeding (DF). Exclusive feeding with P12 also increased the musculoskeletal resistance of the post-larval skeleton against the swimming challenge test (SCT). On the contrary, Artemia inclusion (ADF) overruled any peptide effect in total fish performance. Given the unknown species' larval nutrient requirements, a 12% dietary peptide incorporation is proposed for successful rearing without live food. A potential nutritional control of the larval and post-larval skeletal development even in aquaculture species is suggested. Limitations of the current molecular analysis are discussed to enable the future identification of the peptide-driven regulatory pathways.

Marine spatial planning to solve increasing conflicts at sea: A framework for prioritizing offshore windfarms and marine protected areas

Direct and indirect anthropogenic pressures on biodiversity and ecosystems are expected to lower the provided ecosystem services (ES) in the near future. To limit these impacts, protected areas will be implemented as part of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. Simultaneously, as an answer to climate change, renewable energies are being rapidly developed on a worldwide scale, leading to a significant increase in space use in the coming decades. Sharing space is an increasingly complex task, especially because of the high rate of emergence of such competitors for space. In fisheries-dominated socio-ecosystems, acceptability of offshore windfarms (OWFs) and marine protected areas (MPAs) is usually very low, partly due to an underrepresentation of fisheries in spatial plans and poor attention to equity in the spatial distribution of restrictive areas. Here we developed a framework with a marine spatial planning case study in the Bay of Biscay represented by the socio-ecosystem of the Grande Vasière, a mid-shelf mud belt spanning over 21,000 km2. We collected biological, environmental, and anthropogenic data to model the distribution of 62 bentho-demersal species, 7 regulating ES layers related to nutrient cycling, life cycle maintenance and food web functioning, as well as provisioning ES of 18 commercial species and 82 fisheries subdivisions. We used these spatial layers and a prioritization algorithm to explore siting scenarios of OWFs and two types of MPAs (benthic and total protection), aimed at conserving species, regulating and provisioning ES, while also ensuring that fisheries are equitably impacted. We demonstrate that equitable scenarios are not necessarily costlier and provide alternative spatial prioritizations. We emphasize the importance of exploring multiple targets with a Shiny app to visualize results and stimulate dialogue among stakeholders and policymakers. Overall, we show how our flexible, inclusive framework with particular attention to equity could be an ideal discussion tool to improve management practices.

Diving deeper: Mesopelagic fish biomass estimates comparison using two different models

A growing population on a planet with limited resources demands finding new sources of protein. Hence, fisheries are turning their perspectives towards mesopelagic fish, which have, so far, remained relatively unexploited and poorly studied. Large uncertainties are associated with regards to their biomass, turn-over rates, susceptibility to environmental forcing and ecological and biogeochemical role. Models are useful to disentangle sources of uncertainties and to understand the impact of different processes on the biomass. In this study, we employed two food-web models – OSMOSE and the model by Anderson et al. (2019, or A2019) – coupled to a regional physical–biogeochemical model to simulate mesopelagic fish in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific ocean. The model by A2019 produced the largest biomass estimate, 26 to 130% higher than OSMOSE depending on the mortality parameters used. However, OSMOSE was calibrated to match observations in the coastal region off Peru and its temporal variability is affected by an explicit life cycle and food web. In contrast, the model by A2019 is more convenient to perform uncertainty analysis and it can be easily coupled to a biogeochemical model to estimate mesopelagic fish biomass. However, it is based on a flow analysis that had been previously applied to estimate global biomass of mesopelagic fish but has never been calibrated for the Eastern Tropical South Pacific. Furthermore, it assumes a steady-state in the energy transfer between primary production and mesopelagic fish, which may be an oversimplification for this highly dynamic system. OSMOSE is convenient to understand the interactions of the ecosystem and how including different life stages affects the model response. The combined strengths of both models allow us to study mesopelagic fish from a holistic perspective, taking into account energy fluxes and biomass uncertainties based on primary production, as well as complex ecological interactions.

New insights into the epidemiology of Listeria monocytogenes - A cross-sectoral retrospective genomic analysis in the Netherlands (2010-2020).

Listeriosis, caused by infection with Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), is a relatively rare but severe disease with one of the highest mortality rates among bacterial foodborne illnesses. A better understanding on the degree of Lm clustering, the temporal distribution of the clusters, and their association with the various food sources is expected to lead to improved source tracing and risk-based sampling. We investigated the genomic epidemiology of Lm in the Netherlands between 2010 and 2020 by analyzing whole-genome-sequencing (WGS) data of isolates from listerioss patients and food sources from nationwide integrated surveillance and monitoring. WGS data of 756 patient and 770 food/environmental isolates was assessed using core-genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) with Hamming distance as measure for pairwise distances. Associations of genotype with the epidemiological variables such as patient's age and gender, and systematic use of specific drugs were tested by multinomial logistic regressions. Genetic differentiation of the Lm within and between food categories was calculated based on allele frequencies at the 1701 cgMLST loci in each food category. We confirmed previous results that some clonal complexes (CCs) are overrepresented among clinical isolates but could not identify any epidemiological risk factors. The main findings of this study include the observation of a very weak attribution of Lm types to food categories and a much better attribution to the producer level. In addition, we identified a high degree of temporal persistence of food, patient and mixed clusters, with more than half of the clusters spanning over more than 1 year and up to 10 years. Taken together this would indicate that identifying persistent contamination in food production settings, and producers that process a wide variety of raw food produce, could significantly contribute to lowering the Lm disease burden.

Isha yoga practices, vegan diet, and participation in Samyama meditation retreat: impact on the gut microbiome & metabolome – a non-randomized trial

BackgroundGrowing evidence suggests a role for gut bacteria and their metabolites in host-signaling responses along the gut-brain axis which may impact mental health. Meditation is increasingly utilized to combat stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms. However, its impact on the microbiome remains unclear. This study observes the effects of preparation and participation in an advanced meditation program (Samyama) implemented with a vegan diet including 50% raw foods, on gut microbiome and metabolites profiles.MethodsThere were 288 subjects for this study. Stool samples were collected at 3-time points for meditators and household controls. Meditators prepared for 2 months for the Samyama, incorporating daily yoga and meditation practices with a vegan diet including 50% raw foods. Subjects were requested to submit stool samples for 3 time points – 2 months before Samyama (T1), right before Samyama (T2), and 3 months following Samyama (T3). 16 s rRNA sequencing was used to study participants' microbiome. Alpha and beta diversities along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) were assessed. Metabolomics were performed on a mass spectrometer coupled to a UHLPC system and analyzed by El-MAVEN software.ResultsAlpha diversity showed no significant differences between meditators and controls, while beta diversity showed significant changes (padj = 0.001) after Samyama in meditators’ microbiota composition. After the preparation phase, changes in branched short-chain fatty acids, higher levels of iso-valerate (padj = 0.02) and iso-buytrate (padj = 0.019) were observed at T2 in meditators. Other metabolites were also observed to have changed in meditators at timepoint T2.ConclusionThis study examined the impact of an advanced meditation program combined with a vegan diet on the gut microbiome. There was an increase in beneficial bacteria even three months after the completion of the Samyama program. Further study is warranted to validate current observations and investigate the significance and mechanisms of action related to diet, meditation, and microbial composition and function, on psychological processes, including mood.Trial registrationRegistration number: NCT04366544; Registered on 29/04/2020.

Examination of the effects of Nanos gene knockdown on fecundity and reproductive modes in the brine shrimp, Artemia parthenogenetica

Artemia is not only a crucial live food source in fish and crustacean larviculture but also an ideal experimental organism for biological studies. Female Artemia subjects release either diapause-encysted embryos (cysts) via oviparous reproduction or nauplii via ovoviviparous reproduction. As a maternal effector gene, nanos is involved in the differentiation and migration of primordial germ cells. In the present study, the open reading frame (ORF) of the nanos gene of Artemia parthenogenetica was screened and analyzed. Nanos cDNA contained a 933-bp ORF, encoding 310 amino acids with a conserved zinc-finger motif. The expression patterns of nanos in various tissues and during embryo development in Artemia were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results showed that nanos was specifically expressed in the ovary, with the highest expression being observed during early ovary development. Moreover, nanos knockdown induced by dsRNA injection significantly decreased the gene and protein expression levels of nanos. In addition, knockdown of nanos resulted in an obvious shift from ovoviviparity to oviparity and a reduced number of offspring, corresponding to irregular oocyte shape, cell membrane damage, and cytoplasmic vacuolization. Our study suggests that nanos not only regulates the ovary development and reproductive performance of Artemia but also play a critical role in determining its reproductive mode. This study will improve our knowledge of the role of nanos in the reproductive process of Artemia and the molecular mechanisms underlying reproduction in this shrimp.

외국인 학습자를 위한 먹다류 합성동사 교육연구

Vocabulary education in foreign language learning is mainly done through textbooks or dictionaries, so it remains as the acquisition of fragmentary knowledge and most of it proceeds with memorization of individual words. However if lexical knowledge is approached at the sentence level and educated, practical language use can be experienced and can be usefully used in real life. In particular, in the case of compound verbs formed by combining two elements, the form, meaning, and syntactic change are changed, so care must be taken in their use. ‘Meokda’ is a single word, but sometimes combined with other words to create a diverse vocabulary. In addition, it is a frequently used vocabulary related to food in everyday life, and it has been differentiated into various meanings by combining with other words, and the range of its use has widened. So, for practical use, it is necessary to look at the form, meaning, and syntactic. Therefore, in this study, considering these points, we tried to present an educational method centering on the food compound verb. When 'meokda' is combined with 'noun', most of the preceding nouns were [-eating], and even after being synthesized, most of them had other meanings unrelated to 'eating'. However, when the preceding element is a verb, it was found to be a compound verb that has a syntactic structure similar to 'meokda' and not a compound verb. In addition, it was confirmed that various types of compound verbs such as compound verbs with various arguments under the influence of preceding verbs and compound verbs in which the semantic role of the target argument plays an important role were found. Considering this point, an educational method was proposed to examine the meaning and syntactic structure together so that compound verbs could be formed into sentences rather than understood as individual words and connected to actual use.

Strategies Managing Smart Packaging For Food Application

Abstract Background: Traditional packaging will be shifting to innovative packaging due to significantly growing to new trend following increasing consumers awareness correlated with food safety, quality and traceability. Consumers need real time information about food condition which define shelf life such as physiological process, chemical process, physical process, microbiological aspect and infestation. Through the proper application of packaging system, this requirement can be managed to give functional properties to packaging such as prolonged shelf life, control, identification and monitoring food safety and quality. Smart packaging is the part of innovative packaging which give synergism functional properties between active and intelligent packaging. System, material and technologies which applied in smart packaging will bring advantage to fulfill consumer needed.Scope and approach: The application of smart packaging in the food industry requires an appropriate, effective and efficient mapping and management strategy so that the benefits can be felt in a sustainable manner. This mapping and management strategy can be carried out by assessing the main factors that support smart packaging applications in food products. Factors that need to be reviewed more deeply include i) understanding the difference between innovative and traditional packaging; ii) the concept of smart packaging as part of innovative packaging; iii) consumer perspective on smart packaging; iv) smart packaging function; v) the challenge of implementing smart packaging.Key finding and conclusion: Implementation smart packaging using appropriate strategy will have positive impact on supply chain sustainability, quality improvement, safety, traceability, authentication, integration and can be used as an alternative to the use of food preservatives and additives. Strategy implementation must be considerate smart packaging concept which bring consumer perspective about benefit and value adding functional properties of smart packaging. Smart packaging has a functional value that can be categorized based on system, material and techniques. The selection of packaging materials, technology and packaging techniques must be suitable with characteristics and categories of food to provide method which can manage and maintain smart packaging in food application. Application smart packaging in food has challenges which arise from a number of obstacles encountered, including difficulties in increasing production scale, incorporation of materials, devices and systems into packaging, determining commercial performance indications, increasing production costs, food safety related to the contact of packaging materials with food products and consumer acceptance. These obstacles can be overcome properly if the management strategy for implementing smart packaging is planned in a comprehensive manner so that parties involved in the food supply chain (consumers, distributors and producers) experience optimal benefits Keyword: smart packaging, intelligent packaging, active packaging

Affordability of Canada's Food Guide: Current challenges amid COVID-19, War in Ukraine, and other world events.

Since the 2019 Canada Food Guide was released, there have been concerns raised over the cost of food, with an emphasis on the affordability of nutritious food. In this study, we evaluate the affordability of the 2019 Canada Food Guide in relation to the previous edition from 2007. As a result of the pandemic and other significant world events, many are feeling financial stress as prices in many areas of life rise, including housing, gas, and food. Our results show that it is more cost-effective, on average, for children and teens to follow the 2019 Canada Food Guide, but more expensive for adults, when compared to the 2007 edition.

Strategic Management Analysis in Facing Business Competition

In an organization, especially one that is engaged in the business sector, the most important thing is to have good strategic management. The respondents in this study were Holandia Stores, which are stores that serve wholesale and retail sales, with 15 employees, located on Jalan Safri Darwin, Wamena, Jayawijaya Regency. The purpose of this research is to find out the actions taken by Toko Hollandia in maintaining its business. This research is qualitative research with data collection techniques through interview observations and documentation. The form of goods traded in the form of raw food ingredients (Chicken, Fish, Shrimp, Meat, Frozen Food) and other household needs. Based on interviews conducted by respondents, the form of service provided by Toko Hollandia to retain old customers and attract new customers by providing services in the form of maintaining the quality of goods by paying attention to the expiration date of goods, especially for consumers who resell purchased goods is by giving discounts and provide free delivery service. The form of success described by Toko Hollandia is the increase in consumers who often shop at Toko Hollandia. In addition to serving consumers in Wamena, Jayawijaya Regency Toko Holandia also serves consumers outside the city of Wamena such as Puncak Jaya, and Lanny Jaya.