Rattus Norvegicus Wistar Strain Research Articles

Extract of cell culture Rejasa (Elaeocarpus grandiflorus) Decrease Blood Glucose Through Insulin Receptor Pathway

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by the high blood glucose levels. The high prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus needed an innovation in prevention, treatment and control of case. Rejasa (Elaeocarpus grandiflorus) is one of plants has the potential to develop as an antidiabetic. The pretest and posttest control group design were conducted to 30 Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain. The rats induced alloxan monohydrate intraperitoneally at dose of 125 mg/kg BW once day until the blood glucose above 200 mg/dL The hyperglycemic rats were divided into 5 groups, that were negative control (K-), positive control (K+, given glibenclamide 0.072 mg/200 gBW), P1 (given E. glandiflorus cell extract 1 mg/kgBW), P2 (given E. glandiflorus cell extract 10 mg/kgBW), and P3 (given E. glandiflorus cell extract 100 mg/kgBW). The rats were given E. glandiflorus and glibenclamide orally for 10 days. Measurement of blood glucose levels was carried out on day 0 and day 10, after 10 h fasting. The mechanism of antidiabetic effect of E. glandiflorus was explored by in silico. The mean of blood glucose levels on day 0 were 455.2 mg/dL (K), 422.8 mg/dL (K+), 469.8 mg/dL (P1), 355.5 mg/dL (P2) and 446 mg/dL (P3). The blood glucose levels on day 10 were 367.8 mg/dL (K-), 89.6 mg/dL (K+), 285.6 mg/dL (P1), 136.8 mg/dL (P2) and 104.8 (P3). Statistical analysis showed the difference between K- from P2(p=0.015) and P3 (p0.001). When compared with K+, only P3 showed no difference (p=0.873). Flavonoid of E. glandiflorus act on insulin receptor pathway and involved HK2, PTPN1, AKT1, PI3KR1, HRAS and GSK3B protein. These results showed that extract cell of E. glandiflorus have antidiabetic activity on insulin receptor pathway.

Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats.

Background: Burn injury is a global health problem that is most often caused by heat. A burn injury can cause high morbidity and mortality and requires high cost. Therefore, the use of plants as an herbal medicine has the potential to be developed in Indonesia. Aloe vera contains various active ingredients that help the wound healing process, such as glucomannan and acemannan which have the effects on the proliferation of macrophages, fibroblasts, and re-epithelialization. This study aimed to determine the effect of Aloe vera extract in repairing post-burn skin in rats that were analyzed from the number of macrophages, fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness. Methods: This is an experimental study with a posttest-only control group design using 54 Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain rats. The sampling method was simple random sampling consisting of 3 groups, i.e., I. standard group, which were normal rats; II. negative control group, which were given second-degree burns and treated with gel base (without Aloe vera extract); III. treatment groups, which were given second-degree burns and treated with Aloe vera extract gel. Each group was subdivided into three smaller groups (n = 6) according to the time the lesions were evaluated. Skin tissue samplings were carried out on days 3, 14, and 21 after injury to observe the number of macrophages, fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness. Results: There were significant differences in the mean number of macrophages, number of fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness in all groups ( p<0.05). Conclusion: Aloe vera extract could accelerate the healing process of burns in rats.

THE EFFECT OF PERORAL POLYVINYL CHLORIDE MICROPLASTIC ON ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND GAMMA-GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE LEVELS IN RATTUS NORVEGICUS WISTAR STRAIN

Introduction: Human exposure to microplastics continues to rise. Microplastics are harmful and are suspected of contributing to various health problems in humans, including reduced liver function. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of oral polyvinyl chloride microplastic consumption on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels in Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain. Method: Male Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain experiments were separated into control and experimental groups, with the experimental group receiving a 0.5 mg/day dose of polyvinyl chloride microplastic. The experimental animals' blood was taken using the cardiac puncture technique, and the ALP and GGT levels were determined using the kinetic photometric test method. Result and Discussion: The Shapiro-Wilk normality tests showed that the ALP variable from the control group (P=0.342) and the experimental group (P=0.727) was significantly different from the GGT variable from the control group (P=0.482) and experimental group (P=0.099). Thus, the data for the ALP and GGT variables are claimed to be normally distributed. The ALP variable (P = 0.237) and the GGT variable (P = 0.839) both passed the significant homogeneity test, indicating that the ALP and GGT variable data were homogeneous. The independent comparison test T-test findings indicated that the ALP variable (P=0.602) and the GGT variable (P=0.161) were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The oral administration of polyvinyl chloride microplastic had no significant influence on the ALP and GGT levels in the blood of Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain in the experimental group compared to the control group.

THE EFFECT OF PERORAL POLYVINYL CHLORIDE MICROPLASTIC ON THE VALUE OF PROTHROMBIN TIME AND ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME IN RATTUS NORVEGICUS WISTAR STRAIN

Introduction: Microplastics can enter the human digestive system as polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Microplastics ingested by humans will accumulate in several organs. Microplastic accumulation in the liver causes inflammation, which damages hepatocyte cells, impairing liver synthesis function, one of which is the synthesis of blood clotting factors. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of oral microplastic polyvinyl chloride on prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar (APTT). Method: The experimental design incorporated a post-test-only control group. There were 12 rats randomly assigned to the control (K) or experimental (E) groups. For 28 days, Group E was exposed to microplastic type PVC at a concentration of up to 0.5 mg/day in 1 cc of Aquabidest via an oral probe. Blood samples were analyzed using a coagulation analyzer at BBLK Surabaya. The statistical test used an independent t-test. Result: There was a significant difference in the mean PT value of group K (9.8 ± 0.99 seconds) compared to group E (14.23 ± 9 seconds) (p=0.024) and the mean APTT value of group K(18.32 ± 7.96 seconds) compared to group E(26.1 ± 18.15 seconds) (p=0.022). Discussion: These findings confirm the theory that exposure to polyvinyl chloride microplastics in the liver can induce hepatocyte cell inflammation and impair the liver's ability to synthesize blood clotting factors, resulting in prolonged PT and APTT values. Conclusion: Oral administration of PVC microplastic affects PT and APTT values.

Bone tissue engineering application on fracture healing with bone defect as assessed through osteocalcin and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) biomarker examination: experimental study on murine models

Background: Bone is naturally regenerable, with a high ability to repair itself. In massive segmental bone defect, bone cannot be repaired independently. Therefore, it is necessary to give a bone graft to promote the healing process. To date, autografts are the gold standard for bone grafts. However, some of the reported complications reported have led to auto-bone transplants being often disregarded. Both autografts or allografts also have some issues. Therefore, in an effort to develop alternative treatments for correcting bone defects and their consequences, bone tissue engineering (BTE) has gained popularity and is nowadays being researched as a potential alternative in bone defect management. There are three fundamental components in BTE combined: biomaterials (scaffolds), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and growth factors. The combination of these components is believed to help the healing process of bone defects. Methods: This work was an animal study involving twenty Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus. They were divided into five groups: negative group (normal rats), positive group (rats with the bone defect without intervention), K-P1 group (rats with bone defect given SVF and porous carbonated- hydroxyapatite (HA)application), K-P2 group (rats with bone defect given SVF and nanocrystalline-HA application) and K-P3 (rats with bone defect giving SVF a bovine-HA application). After 30 days, the rats were sacrificed, the biomarkers osteocalcin and BMP-2 were evaluated. Biomarkers were quantified using ELISA. Results: Both osteocalcin and BMP-2 biomarker expressions were higher in intervention group (with SVF and scaffolds application) compared to the positive group (with no SVF and scaffolds treatment). The combination of SVF and bovine HA was reported significantly to have the highest osteocalcin and BMP levels when compared with other groups Conclusions: A combined application of SVF and scaffolds could aid the healing process in murine models with bone defect, marked by increasing levels of osteocalcin and BMP-2.

Administration of Oral Curcumin to Resistance Exercise after Immobilization Does Not Affect Skeletal Muscle Fiber Diameter in Rattus Norvegicus

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of adding oral curcumin to resistance exerciseafter immobilization on the diameter of skeletal muscle fiber in Rattus Norvegicus.Methods: This was a post-test only study design on animal model. Subjects of the study were male Rattusnorvegicus strain Wistar, age 10-12 weeks old, weigh between 150-300 g, were immobilized at soleusmuscle for 2 weeks, then randomly allocated to 3 groups: (i) control group, (ii) resistance exercise, (iii)oral curcumin + resistance exercise. After 4 weeks of intervention, the diameter of the muscle fibers wasmeasured.Result: The results of this study showed a significant difference on the diameter of skeletal muscle fiberbetween control group and resistance exercise, as well as control group and resistance exercise + oralcurcumin (p&lt;0.05). There was no significant difference between resistance exercise only and resistanceexercise + oral curcumin (p&gt;0.05).Conclusion: Administration of oral curcumin to resistance exercise after immobilization does not affectskeletal muscle fiber diameter in Rattus Norvegicus.Keywords : curcumin, good health and well-being, immobilization, resist ance exercise, skeletal muscle.

Effect of Coriandrum sativum L on Blood Glucose Levels among Alloxan- Diabetic Mice (Rattus norvegicus strain wistar)

The blood glucose level of the body tends to increase slightly after the age of 50. The coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) is a member of the Apiaceae family and it grows in a wide range conditions and can be used as antidiabetic. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of coriander water extract on the blood sugar levels of white rats (Rattus norvegicus strain wistar). The method of this study involved experimental animals, specifically 20 Rattus norvegicus strain wistar ranging from 150-200grams with an age between 2-3 months. The mice were injected with an alloxan solution to induce a diabetic condition and then they were divided into four groups and treated. The treatments were 0.5% Na CMC, glibenclamide 0.45mg/Kg b.w, coriander extract of 100mg/Kg b.w and coriander extract of 200mg/Kg b.w for 15 days. The blood glucose level of the mice was measured on days 0, 1, 5, 10 and 15. The results showed that the 0.5% CMC placebo had no effect in terms of reducing the glucose level of the rats, Glibenclamide 0.45mg/Kg b.w had an effect in terms of reducing the blood glucose level, as did coriander extract 100mg/Kg b.w and 200mg/Kg b.w among the alloxan-diabetic mice.

Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats.

Background: Burn injury is a global health problem that is most often caused by heat. Burn injury can cause high morbidity and mortality and requires high cost. Therefore, the use of plants as herbal medicine has the potential to be developed in Indonesia. Aloe vera contains various active ingredients that help the wound healing process, such as glucomannan and acemannan which have the effects on the proliferation of macrophages, and fibroblasts, and re-epithelialization. This study aimed to determine the effect of Aloe vera extract in repairing post-burn skin in rats that was analyzed from the number of macrophages and fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness. Methods: This is an experimental study with a posttest-only control group design using 54 Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain rats. The sampling method was simple random sampling consisting of 3 groups, i.e., I. standard group, which were normal rats; II. negative control group, which were given second-degree burns and treated with gel base (without Aloe vera extract); III. treatment groups, which were given second-degree burns and treated with Aloe vera extract gel. Each group was subdivided into three smaller groups (n = 6) according to the time the lesions were evaluated. Skin tissue samplings were carried out on day 3, 14, and 21 after injury to observe the number of macrophages and fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness. Results: There were significant differences in the mean number of macrophages, number of fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness in all groups ( p<0.05). Conclusion: Aloe vera extract gel could accelerate the healing process of burns in rats.

TGF-1 biomarker level evaluation on fracture healing in a murine model with a bone defect after stromal vascular fraction application.

Aim Bone defect is a challenge even for experienced orthopaedic surgeons and it is a significant cause of morbidity in patients and a source of high economic burden in health care. A severe bone defect is a condition whereby the bone tissue cannot undergo natural healing despite surgical stabilization and requires further surgical intervention. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a heterogeneous cell population derived from adipose tissue that results from minimal manipulation of the adipose tissue itself. TGF is essential in maintaining and expanding mesenchymal stem cells or progenitors of osteoblasts. Furthermore, TGF-β signalling also triggers osteoprogenitor cell proliferation, early differentiation, and maintenance of osteoblasts in the bone healing process. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of administering SVF on bone defects' healing process assessed based on the TGF- β1. Methods This was an animal study involving twelve Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus. They were divided into three groups: negative group (normal rats), positive group (rats with bone defect without SVF application), and SVF group (rats with bone defect with SVF application). After 30 days, the rats were sacrificed, the TGF- β1 biomarker was evaluated (quantified using ELISA). Results TGF- β1 biomarker expressions were higher in the group with SVF application than in the group without SVF application. All comparisons of the SVF group and positive control group showed significant differences (p=0,000), respectively. Conclusion Giving SVF application could aid the healing process in a murine model with bone defect, marked by an increased level of TGF- β1.

The Effect of Adiponectin Recombinant in Rattus Norvegicus with Polycystic Ovarium Syndrome Model on Anti-Müellerian Hormone Expression

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an important disease that causes various healthproblems in women. Ovulation - infertility disorders are found in 60-85% woman with PCOS. Anti-Muellerian Hormone (AMH), a protein from Transforming Growth-b Family, often increased in patientwith PCOS and associated with severity and poor prognosis for assisted reproductive outcome. Dietaryand lifestyle changes are the first-line therapies but consistent application of this method is difficult toattain for people with PCOS. Adiponectin, a product by adipose cells have a significant reduction inobese and women with PCOS. The purpose of this study was to see the differences in AMH expressionbetween mice with polycystic ovary model treated with adiponectin recombinant and mice withpolycystic ovary model treated with placebo and control.Method: This research is an experimental study with a Post Test Only Control Group design. Thesample of this study was 3 months female Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain weighing 110-120 g. Thesample size was 36, which were divided into three groups, K0 (control group of mice with polycysticovary model), K1 (group of mice with polycystic ovary model that received placebo injection), and K2(group of mice with polycystic ovary model that received 5 μg/ml injection of recombinant adiponectin).Polycystic ovary model made by injecting 10 mg/Kg body weight testosterone propionate for 14 days.The injection is carried out at the proestrous stage. The three groups of mice in a period of 3 weeks aftertreatment, were surgically removed according to the sampling procedure, then the ovaries were given acode and immunohistochemical staining was performed to see the AMH expression in the ovaries. Thedata were collected, then statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software.

The Effect of Lemon Peel (Citrus limon) Aromatherapy Inhalation as Antidepressant on Rats using Diffuser Method

Abstract. Background Depression is a mood disorder that affects a person’s quality of life. This condition is influenced by the levels of monoamine compounds such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain. The decrease in monoamine levels leads to depressive symptoms. Lemon peel essential oil has an antidepressant potential, that contains phytochemicals, d-Limonene, which increase monoamine levels in the brain. Aromatherapy diffuser inhalation method is one kind of treatment route in depression. The mechanism of action is by breaking down the smaller essential oil particles so they penetrate quicker to the brain. Objective: To determine the effect of lemon peel (Citrus limon) aromatherapy inhalation diffuser method on immobility time of white rats (Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain) on the tail suspension test. Method: True Experimental with Post Test Only Control Group Design. Fifteen white male rats Wistar strain were divided into 5 groups. The positive control group was given stressors and saline induction intraperitoneally. In addition to stressors, the treatment group was also given lemon peel aromatherapy inhalation at a dose of 1%, 2.5%, and 5%. Measurement of immobility time was carried out by hanging the rats' tails through the tail suspension test method and the time of animals stopped moving for at least 1 second was calculated using a timer. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA test, Post Hoc test, Pearson correlation test, and Linear Regression test. Results and Discussion: ANOVA test showed a significant difference between groups (p = 0.017). The post Hoc test showed a significant difference (p &lt;0.05) between the positive control and the P3 group (5%). The linear regression test obtained Adjusted R2 = 0.598 (inhalation of lemon peel aromatherapy gives an effect of 59.8%). The decrease of immobility time was due to the reduction of depression that was caused by the increase of monoamine level induced by d-limonene in lemon peel essential oil. Conclusion: The inhalation of lemon peel (Citrus limon) aromatherapy with diffuser method has the antidepressant effect that reduces the immobility time of depressed white rats (Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain).

Antioxidant Activity of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) Leaf Extract on the Levels of Ovarian Oxidative Stress and Reproductive Hormone in Rattus norvegicus Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

BACKGROUND: Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a wild plant that grows in Indonesia and is considered a weed, but it has the highest antioxidant activity in the leaves and stems. Cigarette smoke is one of the exogenous free radicals that can enter blood circulation, interfering with all cells and tissues in the body, including reproductive organs. AIM: The research aims to examine the antioxidant effect of purslane leaf extract on oxidative stress levels (ovarian malondialdehyde [MDA] levels) and reproductive hormone levels (follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH] and 17ß-estradiol) in female white rats exposed to cigarette smoke. METHODS: This study is an experimental study with randomized post only control group design, using 12-week-old female Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus weighing about 200–250 g divided into four treatment groups (n = 6). Negative control without exposure to cigarette smoke and purslane leaf extract (K), cigarette group with cigarette smoke 1 stick/day administration without purslane leaf extract (P1), purslane group with purslane leaf extract 200 mg/Kg BW without exposure to cigarette smoke (P2), and group the group with cigarette smoke 1 stick/day accompanied by purslane leaf extract 200 mg/Kg BW administration (P3). Ovarian MDA measurement measures MDA levels as an indicator of oxidative stress in the ovaries determined by the spectrophotometry method. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method measured the measurement of FSH and 17ß-estradiol levels in blood taken intracardially through the right ventricle of the heart. RESULTS: The results showed that purslane leaf extract at a 200 mg/Kg BW dose reduced ovarian MDA levels of female white rats exposed to cigarette smoke significantly with p &lt; 0.05. CONCLUSION: However, there has been no significant change in FSH and 17ß-estradiol.

The Effect of Regular and Unregular Exercise against Network Damage

The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the effect of regular and irregular exercise on tissue damage, while the indicator used to determine tissue damage was creatine kinase. This study is an experimental laboratory study with a randomized control group post-test-only design, using a sample of 39 male Rattus norvegicus strain wistar mice divided into 3 groups consisting of: swimming exercise group regularly with exercise frequency 3 times per week, swimming training group irregularly. With irregular exercise frequency and control group who were not given swimming training. The treatment was carried out for 3 months. From the results of the study, the following results were obtained: there was a very significant difference (p < 0. 01) between the groups of regular and irregular exercise on tissue damage, where irregular exercise has a greater effect on tissue damage. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that irregular exercise has a greater potential for tissue damage than regular exercise.

Oral Administration of Red Rice (Oryza nivara) Bran Extract Reduced Weight, Visceral Fat And Liver Steatosis Amount in Obesity Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity. Red rice (Oryza nivara) bran is known to contain polyphenol and antioxidants that might be potential in reducing body weight and visceral fat in obese mice and preventing liver steatosis. This study was aimed to prove the effect of oral administration of red rice bran (Oryza nivara) extract on body weight, visceral fat, and liver steatosis amount in obese male Wistar rats. &#x0D; Method: In this research, the subjects were 36 male obese (Lee index &gt; 0.3) white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain, 4-5 months old, divided into two groups. The control group received a placebo and the treatment group received 460mg/200gram red rice bran extract for 5-weeks. Bodyweight, visceral fat, and the amount of liver steatosis were observed. Differences between groups in each variable were analyzed.&#x0D; Results: The weight of the control group and the treatment group was 321.17 ± 19.04 grams and 305.72 ± 12.89 grams (p &lt; 0.05). The visceral fat weight was 3.15 ± 0.34 grams in the control group and 2.99 ± 0.34 grams (p &gt; 0.05) in the treatment group. Liver steatosis amount was 41 ± 18 cells per visual field in the control group, and 21 ± 12 (p &lt; 0.05) in the treatment group.&#x0D; Conclusion: Oral administration of red rice bran extract can reduce body weight and liver steatosis amount in obese Wistar rats. The extract of red rice bran did not have a significant effect in reducing visceral fat.

Cardioprotectant Effect Of Bay Leaf Extract (Syzygiumpolyanthum) On Myocardium Thickness Of Rat Heart

High salt diet and prednisone administration will increase blood pressure which chronically causes heart muscle remodeling so that it appears macroscopically as left ventricular hypertrophy. Bay leaf extract contains flavonoids which can lower blood pressure and decrease left ventricular thickening. To determine the effect of bay leaf extract (Syzygiumpolyanthum) on the left ventricle thickening of rat heart (Rattus norvegicus wistar strain) in hypertensive model. True experimental post-test only controls group design with simple random sampling technique. The subjects of this study were 25 male Wistar rats aged 2-3 months weighing 150-200 grams. Rats were induced with prednisone 1.5 mg/ KgBW / day in 2% NaCl for 6 weeks followed by administration of bay leaf extract at a dose of 70 mg/ KgBW, a dose of 140 mg/ KgBW, and a dose of 280 mg/ KgBW. Data analyzed by One Way ANOVA, Post Hoc Bonferroni, followed by Linear: One Way ANOVA test showed significant differences between treatments (p = 0.000). The Bonferroni Post Hoc test concluded that there were significant differences in the treatment of the P2 and P3 groups. Linear regression test obtained R square 0.663 and obtained the equation Y = 1965.838 - 1.275X. The extract of bay leaf (Syzygiumpolyanthum) has an effect on decreasing the left ventricle thickening of the white male rat heart (Rattus norvegicus wistar strain) hypertension model.

The administration of UltraMimi Kids® UHT milk by PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry increased body weight and did not increase estrogen hormone level in female albino rat (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain

Background: This study aimed to prove that administration of UltraMimi Kids® UHT milk by PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry increased body weight and estrogen levels in female albino rat (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain.&#x0D; Methods: This research was a true experimental with randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The research subjects were 18-female-albino-rats aged 21-days, weight 25-28 grams, divided into 2-groups: control group which was given standard food and sugar solution (0.36 grams of sugar dissolved in 1 ml aquadest), and intervention group which was given standard food and UltraMimi Kids® UHT milk 1 ml for the first 14-days and upgraded to 2 ml for the rest 14-days, given three times a day for 28-days. The rats body weight and estrogen levels were measured using Tanita-KD-192-digital-scales and ELISA method.&#x0D; Results: The control group had an increased body weight (26.2±1.2-66.1±5.94 grams; p&lt;0,001), but there was no change in estrogen levels (38.59±11.19-44.59±5.42 ng/L; p=0.217). Whereas, the intervention group had an increased body weight (25.77±0.83-85.33±10.24 grams; p=0.008), but there was no change in estrogen levels (39.91±3.73-42.66±2.24 ng/L; p=0.066). After 28-days of intervention (posttest), it was found that the mean of body weight in the intervention group was higher than the control group (p&lt;0.001), there was no significant difference in estrogen levels (p=0.339) and food intake from the remaining feed in both groups (0.51±0.81-0.36±0.55 grams; p=0.823).&#x0D; Conclusion: The administration of UltraMimi Kids® UHT milk by PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry increased body weight and did not increase estrogen hormone level in female albino rat (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain.

Analysis of the Effect of Body Lossion of Rattus Norvegicus on Granulation Formulation of Chitosan Waste Shell of Placuna Placenta

Weight loss Rattus norvegicus wistar strain can be done by a variety of chemical and traditional medicine. One of the traditional medicines used for weight loss is to use Placuna Placenta chitosan. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of Placuna Placuna Placenta granules as a weight loss agent for Rattus norvegicus. This study was an experimental study with 5 concentrations of 5%, 7.5% and 10% Placuna Placuna Placenta chitosan observed for 30 days. The positive control used weight loss drugs in the market, while the negative control used granule formulation without the addition of Placuna Placuna Placenta chitosan. The experimental research design posttest only control group design, treatment or intervention in the experimental group by comparing groups. Comparisons or differences were analyzed statistical tests using the ANOVA test. The optimal concentration of chitosan granule formulation of Placuna Placuna Placenta as a weight loss for Rattus norvegicus wistar strain was 10%.

The Impact of Gemcitabine-induced Reproductive Toxicity on The Sperm count and Morphology of Albino Rats

Cancer treatments can affect sperm production and a significant percentage of cancer patients may develop permanent azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia after chemotherapy. To investigate the influence of Gemcitabine toxicity on the reproductive system of albino male rats (sperm count and morphology). An experimental animal study conducted in the zoology department, College of Science, King Saud University during the period from June to October 2014 using albino rats (Rattusnorvegicus) (Wistar strain). Males were divided into four different groups (control" 0 mg/kg",7 mg/kg,14 mg/kg, and 21 mg/kg). The reproductive organs, testicles and epididymis decreased in weight and atrophied in most of the animals treated with the drug in various doses. The mean absolute and relative epididymal weights were also significantly decreased. In the drug-effects recovery group, neither the testicles nor the epididymis in the animals treated with the three doses recovered fully normal weight. The testis's efficiency in producing sperm was significantly decreased at all doses. In the recovery group, the testis regained its efficiency, as no significant difference was recorded between the drug-treated groups and the control group. The drug caused complete loss of sperm, in a rat treated with the big dose. Gemcitabine caused a significant increase in the percentage of deformed sperms in all treated animals. Gemcitabine drug has high toxicity on the reproductive system of rats with a dose tenth of human dose, with a massive decrease in the count and quantity of sperm, which means that this drug can have more toxicity effects on human.

Effect of Malus sylvestris Extract on Histopathological Features of Hypercholesterolemic Wistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Fatty Liver

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Malus sylvestris extract on improving the degree of steatosis and portalinflammation histopathological features of hypercholesterolemic Rattus norvegicus strain wistar. Method:Forty-two male rats were divided into 6 groups randomly. Hypercholesterolemic fatty liver induced bygiving high-fat diet (HFD) for 46 days on groups 1 to 5, while group 6 given standard diet with the sameamount of time. Simvastatin was administered in group 2 at a dose of 0.36 mg/day. Groups 3, 4, and 5 weregiven Malus sylvestris extract (MSE) as a treatment at doses of 90 mg/day, 180 mg/day, and 360 mg/day insequential order. Simvastatin and MSE were administered for 14 days, from day 33 to 46. On day 47, all ratswere sacrificed and the liver was removed for histopathological slides preparation with hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. Histopathological results were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis test followed by Mann Whitneytest. Result: Histopathological analysis showed that Malus sylvestris extract improved steatosis and portalinflammation features compared to HFD-fed rats in group 1 (p&lt;0,05). Conclusion: Malus sylvestris extractimproved the degree of steatosis and portal inflammation histopathological features of hypercholesterolemicrat fatty liver.

The Effect of Stromal Vascular Fraction on Fracture Healing with Bone Defect: Experimental Study on Rattus Novergicus

Introduction: Bone defect is a condition whereby the bone tissue cannot undergo a natural healing process caused by severe trauma with significant tissue loss, tumor, or irradiation. Bone defect is a challenge even for experienced Orthopedic surgeons. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is one of the methods pursued to manage this problem. One of the examples of BTE is the application of stromal vascular fraction (SVF). This study aims to evaluate the effect of SVF application on bone defect healing evaluated by radiographic study. Materials and Methods: This is an animal study involving 12 Wistar strain Rattus Norvegicus. They were divided into three groups: Negative control group (normal rats), Positive control group C2 (rats with bone defect without SVF and scaffold application), and Treatment group (rats with bone defect with SVF application). After 30 days, the rats were sacrificed, and the bone was evaluated radiographically. Results: Callus formation is best observed radiographically in the treatment group. All comparisons of SVF and positive control group showed a significant difference (p