Rattus Norvegicus Wistar Strain Research Articles

Effect of Multiple Types of High-fat Diet Induction on Gut Microbiota Profile and Butyrate Levels on NAFLD Rat Model

Dysbiosis, marked by a decline in Firmicutes (such as Clostridium spp.) and a rise in Proteobacteria (such as Escherichia coli), is recognized as a pathway linked to the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). High-fat food may influence the development of NAFLD. This study investigates the effect of different high-fat diets on gut microbiota composition and butyrate levels in a rat model. Four groups of Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar (n=27) were fed specific diets for 12 weeks: normal diet (ND, n=7), high-fat diet (HFD, n=6), western diet (WD, n=7), and high-fat-high-fructose diet (HFHFD, n=7). Stools were cultured on Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) for Escherichia coli and Forget Fredette Agar (FFA) for Clostridium spp. Colonies were counted using Total Plate Count (TPC), and butyrate levels were measured with gas chromatography. Liver histology was assessed with the NAFLD activity score (NAS). Gut microbiota were analyzed using Crosstab and Chi-Square tests, and butyrate levels with the Kruskal-Wallis test. Butyrate levels decreased in NAFLD-inducing diet groups (HFD, WD, HFHFD) compared to ND (p=0.021). Escherichia coli colony counts were significantly higher in NAFLD-inducing diet groups (p=0.048), while Clostridium spp. counts were higher in ND (p=0.001). Liver histological changes, particularly in the WD group, resembled NAFLD. These findings imply that different high-fat diets can alter the gut microbiome, potentially influencing NAFLD development.

Effect of Giving Jamblang (Syzygium cumini) Leaf Extract on Testosterone Serum Level and Concentration of Spermatozoa in Male Rats Intoxicated with Lead Acetate

Lead is a source of free radicals in the environment. Lead accumulation in the blood generates increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body and various health problems, including male infertility. One effort that can be made to prevent this problem is to use antioxidants from natural sources such as jamblang (Syzygium cumini) leaf extract. This study is experimental with a randomised posttest-only control group design method. The object of this study was 30 white rats (Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar) which were divided into five groups (K-, K+, P1, P2, and P3). Lead acetate was given as much as 40 mg/kgBW in groups K+, P1, P2, P3 orally for 30 days. Jamblang (Syzygium cumini) leaf extract was given 50 mg/kgBW in the P1 group, 150 mg/kgBW in the P2 group, and 300 mg/kgBW in the P3 group orally for 30 days. Testosterone levels were examined using blood serum taken through the retro-orbital vein and examined using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Spermatozoa were taken from the vas deferens and counted using the Neubauer counting chamber. The average level of testosterone serum was at K-2.47 ± 0.59 nmol/ml, K+ 2.23 ± 0.45 nmol/ml, P1 2.35 ± 0.65 nmol/ml, P2 2.56 ± 0 .73 nmol/ml, P3 1.96 ± 0.59 nmol/ml, there was no significant difference statistically (p > 0.05). The average concentration of spermatozoa at K-32.06 ± 2.66 million/ml, K+ 19.45 ± 8.07 million/ml, P1 27.05 ± 1.89 million/ml, P2 28.65 ± 1.10 million/ml, P3 27.11 ± 5.64 million/ml, statistically there was a significant difference (p < 0.05). There was no effect of giving jamblang (Syzygium cumini) leaf extract on testosterone serum levels and there was an effect of giving jamblang (Syzygium cumini) leaf extract on the concentration of spermatozoa of male Rattus norvegicus rats intoxicated with lead acetate. Keywords: lead acetate, jamblang leaf extract, testosterone, spermatozoa

Cell phone radiation effect on osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase

Background: Electromagnetic fields are forces associated with moving electric charges and have electrical, magnetic components and contain electromagnetic energy, one of which is radio frequency (RF) energy which is commonly used in telecommunications. Cell phones are one of the RF electromagnetic radiation devices that can emit 90-2450 MHz waves and are often placed near the head. The human body works like an electromagnetic field in that each cell has its own electrical circuit characteristics. As the number of electromagnetic radiation devices in the environment increases, the electromagnetic balance in the human body may be disturbed by the magnetic waves produced by cell phones. Electromagnetic radiation is known to have the ability to induce oxidative stress, which is characterized by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tissues. The accumulation of ROS in the body leads to osteoblast cell death. Osteoblasts are needed for mineralization of the extracellular matrix during bone growth. Therefore, bone growth is not optimal and can caused malocclusion. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between electromagnetic radiation and osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) serum levels. Methods: Experimental laboratory research with a pre- and post-control group design approach was carried out on 12 Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain. Osteocalcin and BALP serum levels were calculated before and after treatment. This study used the t-test as a comparative study (p<0.05). Results: There are significant differences in osteocalcin and BALP values between the treatment groups before and after treatment. Conclusion: Cell phone radiations (electromagnetic field exposure) reduce osteocalcin and BALP serum levels.

The effect of extra virgin olive oil on HSP27 expression in the cerebral cortex of male Rattus norvegicus middle cerebral artery occlusion model

Background: Ischemic stroke produces oxidative stress in neurons and neuroglial, triggering a cellular response with HSP27 as one of the markers. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is reported to act as a neuroprotection by inhibiting reactive oxygen species, which can modulate HSP27.
 Objective: To analyze the potential neuroprotection of EVOO containing 7-g MUFA on the expression of HSP27 in the cerebral cortex of Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model.
 Design: MCAO-Rattus norvegicus Wistar male rodents (n = 32), randomly divided into negative control (sham), positive control (P0), MCAO added EVOO 0.5 mL/kg body weight (P1), and MCAO added EVOO 2 mL/kg body weight (P2); the experiment was conducted 14 days. The nuclei of neurons, glial, and expression of HSP27 on the cerebral cortex were analyzed using Image J software, data were compared between groups with a significance level of P < 0.05.
 Results: There were significant differences in the neuron and glia nuclei numbers between groups (P = 0.01). There was also a significant difference in cerebral cortex HSP27 expression between groups (P = 0.006).
 Conclusion: There was a significant down-regulated of HSP27 in the cerebral cortex of the male Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain MCAO model given EVOO with 7 g of MUFA content at a dose of 0.5–2 mL/kgBW.

Impact of multiple different high-fat diets on metabolism, inflammatory markers, dysbiosis, and liver histology: study on NASH rat model induced diet

Background The spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), can lead to advanced liver disease. It is known that a variety of diets play a significant role in the development of NAFLD/NASH. The goal of this study was to determine the most appropriate composition of diet to induce NASH in an animal model. Methods This research used Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar (n=27), which were divided into four groups and given each diet for 12 weeks: normal diet (ND, n=7), high-fat diet (HFD, n=6), western diet (WD, n=7), and high-fat-high-fructose diet (HFHFD, n=7). Subjects were monitored for changes in body weight. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, including low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), hepatic lipase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Fecal samples were taken for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis. Liver histology was assessed using NAS (NAFLD activity score). A statistical comparison test was carried out using the one-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test. Results The highest average body weight was observed in the WD group (346.14 g). Liver enzymes, LDL, triglyceride, propionic acid, and acetic acid did not show significantly differences among the groups. TNF-α, IL-6, and hepatic lipase were significant (p = 0.000; p = 0.000; p = 0.004) and the highest level recorded in the HFD group. Butyrate acid level also showed significances (p = 0.021) with the lowest concentration seen in the HFHFD group (4.77 mMol/g). Only WD and HFHFD had a NAS ≥ 5 (14% and 14%). The highest percentage of borderline NAS was found in WD (57%). Conclusions WD feeding is the most appropriate diet type to induce NASH in rats as it influences metabolic, inflammatory, dysbiosis, and liver histology of rats.

The Effects of Giving Coconut Milk on Aortic Wall Thickness of Rats (Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar) Fed with High Fat Diet (HFD)

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease due to fat accumulation in the blood vessel walls. Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. Indonesian people’s habit of consuming coconut milk is suspected of causing dyslipidemia, a risk factor for atherosclerosis, by increasing low-density lipoprotein (LDL). However, other studies suggest that coconut milk can increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL), an antioxidant that prevents atherosclerosis. Because of the different findings, this study aims to determine the effects of coconut milk administration on the aortic wall thickness of rats (Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar) fed a high-fat diet (HFD). This true experimental study used samples of 28 male Wistar rats divided into seven groups. These groups consisted of the normal group (N), the negative control group (Kn), and five treatment groups that received coconut milk at various doses, including 2, 5, 3.75, 5, 7. 5, and 10 ml/kgBW/day. The results obtained were then analyzed using SPSS. The statistical tests used are the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, LSD post hoc, Pearson correlation test, and regression test. Based on this study, the results showed that giving HFD for 45 days could cause the aortic wall to thicken. Meanwhile, giving an HFD accompanied by coconut milk for 45 days can prevent the thickening of the aortic wall, with the maximum effective dose that can be given being 9.75 ml/kg BW/day.

Malondialdehyde Levels in Blood Serum of Wistar Rats After Exposure to Panoramic and Cephalometric Radiation (Experimental Laboratory Research)

Background: Panoramic and cephalometric radiographs are used in dentistry, especially orthodontics, sometimes accompanied by periapical examination. Behind the benefits of using radiography, there are disadvantages for the body, which cause changes in the normal cell arrangement, detected by increased levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood serum. Purpose: This study was to determine differences in blood serum MDA levels of wistar rats a few days after exposure to panoramic and cephalometric radiation. Materials and Methods: This study used 35 male Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus, weighing 200-250 grams, aged 3-4 months, in good physical health. Animals are divided into five groups. Group K did not do fixation and was not given radiation exposure; groups K1, K2, K3, and K4 underwent fixation were given radiation exposure, MDA levels were measured, groups K1, K2, K3, K4, day 1, 3, 5 and 7 after radiation exposure. MDA levels were measured by the thiobarbituric acid method using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 532nm. Results: There was a significant increase MDA levels in K1 (45.2704 + 2.08684). Significant decrease of MDA levels occurred in K2 (34.7747 + 7.90103), K3 (18.1266 + 5.33797), and K4 (12.0494 + 1.91399). Conclusion: There was an increase in MDA levels after radiation exposure, and MDA decreased significantly from the third to the seventh day after radiation exposure. However, MDA levels have not returned to normal.

Aloe vera Extract Sheet and Egg Albumin (Gallus domesticus) Reduce the Number of Lymphocytes on Gingival Incision Wound

An incision in the oral cavity is a dental procedure performed in surgical procedures. Suturing is the gold standard in primary wound closure care, however, suturing can cause tissue trauma, scars, and secondary infections. Cyanoacrylate adhesive is one of the alternative tissue glue for wound closure but it has inflammatory risk as suturing, potential toxicity, and accidental adhesion risks. Aloe vera extract sheet based combined with free-range chicken egg albumin is expected to be an alternative method for wound healing of gingival incisions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of administration of Aloe vera extract wound healing sheet (WHS) and free-range chicken egg albumin on the number of lymphocytes in the gingival incision wound as the inflammatory response. Experimental laboratory research with a posttest-only control group design was conducted in 24 male rats (Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain) with an incised gingiva, divided into four groups, namely T1 (50% WHS concentration and chicken egg albumin), T2 (100% WHS concentration and chicken egg albumin), PC (positive control with suturing), NC (negative control without treatment). The treatment was carried out for seven days. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using One-way ANOVA and Post Hoc LSD. The use of Aloe vera extract WHS and free-range chicken egg albumin (T1 and T2) reduced the number of lymphocytes compared to control groups (PC and NC; p<0.05). WHS and chicken egg albumin can shorten the inflammatory process in wound healing which is characterized by lower lymphocyte counts compared to the control groups.

Effect of Energy Restriction on Malondialdehyde Levels in Rats

Elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels indicate the occurrence of cell membrane oxidation. Calorie restriction is known to extend life expectancy. This study aims to investigate the effect of calorie restriction on MDA levels in young and old rats. An experimental approach was employed using Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain as the experimental animals, with a pre-post-test control group design. A total of 28 white rats were included in this study and were divided into four groups. The control groups, Group A and Group B, received standard feed and unrestricted access to distilled water, while the treatment groups, Group C and Group D, were fed with a 40% reduction in calorie intake and distilled water. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL) with a 0.05 significance level. The results showed a difference in MDA level changes between group B (control group) and group D (treatment group) (p<0.05). This study concludes that MDA levels are higher in the elderly compared to young rats, and a 40% calorie restriction can reduce MDA levels.

Aloe vera extract wound healing sheet and free-range chicken egg albumin (gallus domesticus) accelerate angiogenesis on gingival incision wound in rats

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Incision wounds are injuries caused by dental surgery procedures. Suturing is the gold standard for post-incision management, but it can cause patient discomfort. Tissue glue can be used for wound healing, but its carcinogenicity still needs to be investigated. A Wound Healing Sheet (WHS) made of Aloe vera extract and free-range chicken egg albumin is expected to be an alternative material. Angiogenesis is a highly observable part of wound healing, as newly formed blood vessels support nutrition, act as a scaffold for cells to migrate to the wound area, and play an essential role in wound healing. This study aimed to analyze the effect of WHS made from Aloe vera extract and free-range chicken egg albumin (Gallus domesticus) on the number of vascular that show the acceleration of healing in gingival incision wounds. Methods: Quasi experimental study with a total sample of 24 male rats (Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain) with gingival incision were divided into four groups, namely T1 (50% WHS treated group), T2 (100% WHS treated group, S (suturing treated group as positive control), and NC (negative control, without treatment). The treatment was performed throughout seven days. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using One-way ANOVA and Post Hoc LSD. Results: The highest vascular count was in the T2 Group (8+1.63); followed by T1 (7+1.60); S (7+ 1.49); and NC (4+1.41). Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between groups S, T1, T2 with NC (p-value < 0.05); interestingly, there was no significant difference between S, T1, T2 (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion: Wound Healing Sheet made of Aloe vera extract and free-range chicken egg albumin (Gallus domesticus) can accelerate the angiogenesis process on gingival incision wound in rats.Keywords: wound healing, aloe vera, gallus domesticus, egg white, angiogenesis

The Effect of Electronic Cigarettes (E-Cigarettes) and Conventional Smoke on the Trachea and Heart of Male White Rats

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) smoker was increasing from 0.3% in 2011 to 2.5% in 2015. E-cigarettes claimed to be safe for smoker, but subsequent research has shown that e-cigarette smoke also contains harmful ingredients beside nicotine, like carbon monoxide (CO). These contents presumed to increase the goblet cells in the trachea and can cause myocardial ischemia in the left ventricle of the heart which leads to necrosis. This study was conducted to determine the effect of e-cigarette and conventional cigarette smoke on tracheal goblet cells and left ventricular necrosis of the heart of male white rats (Rattus norvegicus strain wistar). Experimental study with post-test control only group design. 16 rats were divided into 4 groups: normal group, conventional cigarette group (kretek) with 2.3 mg nicotine, 3 mg nicotine e-cigarette, and 0 mg nicotine e-cigarette. Trachea and heart of rats were prepared using HE-staining and observed with a light microscope with 400x magnification. All data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA, Kruskall Wallis and Post-Hoc tests. Cigarette smoke had a significant effect on tracheal goblet cell (ANOVA p=0.000) and left ventricular necrosis of the heart (Kruskal Wallis p=0.002). Post-Hoc test showed a significant difference in the number of goblet cells and left ventricular necrosis of the heart (p (-- removed HTML --) 0.005). This is due to the toxic materials such as carbon monoxide, propylene glycol, formaldehyde, nitrosamines, and other carcinogenic substances. E-cigarette and conventional cigarettes smoke could affect increasing of tracheal goblet cells and left ventricular necrosis of rat.

The Differences Between the Effect of Oral and Intraperitoneal Induction of Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3) on the Memory Function of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus strain wistar) Menopause Model

The decline in estrogen at menopause leads to a loss of neuroprotective function. One of the effects is Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with clinical manifestations of dementia, decreased memory function, language, thinking, and learning. The pathology of AD is widely studied but not completely understood. Various animal models have been used but have not been able to represent the pathology of AD fully. This study aimed to determine the effect of oral and intraperitoneal induction of aluminium chloride (AlCl3) on the memory function of menopausal model white rats (Rattus norvegicus strain wistar). This study used 16 female rats, divided into four groups, namely the negative control group (K1), the ovariectomy group (OVX, K2), and the OVX + AlCl.6H20 group 100 mg/kg BW orally (K3), and the OVX + AlCl3.6H20 group. 70 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally. AlCl3.6H20 induction was given for six weeks. In the last five days, the Morris water maze test was carried out. From the MANOVA test, the p-value of F values in Pillai’s trace, Wilks‘ Lambda, Hotelling’a Trace, and Roy’s Largest Root were < 0.05. Based on the post hoc Bonferroni test on the fifth day of the trial, there was a significant difference between the standard and OVX groups with the AlCl3 induction group, and there was no significant difference between the oral and intraperitoneal induction groups. Conclusion: There is no significant effect of oral and intraperitoneal induction of Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3) on the memory function of white rats (Rattus norvegicus strain wistar) menopausal model.
 Keywords: menopause, Alzheimer’s disease, memory test

Effect of Red Cabbage Aqueous Extract on High-density Lipoprotein (Hdl) Levels of Male White Rats Induced By Atherogenic Diet

Dyslipidemia is a lipid fraction abnormality in the form of an increase in total cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels and a decrease in HDL. Red Cabbage Aqueous Extract (RCE) contains antioxidants, one of which is anthocyanins, that can increase HDL levels. This research was conducted to determine the effect of RCE on HDL levels of white male rats induced by an atherogenic diet. True experimental with post-test only control group design with 15 rats divided into the standard group (KN: regular feed), negative control group (K-: atherogenic diet), and three treatment groups (P1: atherogenic-diet with RCE doses of 6.65 mg; P2: atherogenic-diet with RCE doses of 13,3 mg; and P3: atherogenic-diet with RCE doses of 26.6 mg/100grBW) was used. The HDL measurement method used spectrophotometry. Brassica oleracea L extract had no significant effect (Kruskal-Wallis test p = 0.465) on HDL levels of white male rats. This result also happened due to the low bioavailability of anthocyanins in aqueous extract. The linear regression test results showed that the relationship’s strength was 0.031 or very weak with a linear proportional correlation, increasing the dose and increasing HD levels. Based on the results of the tests, there was no significant effect of giving Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) Aqueous Extract on HDL levels of white male rats (Rattus norvegicus wistar strain), which was induced by an atherogenic diet.
 Keywords: anthocyanins, atherogenic diet, HDL, red cabbage aquous extract

CaCO3 from Anadara granosa shell as reparative dentin inducer in odontoblast pulp cells: In-vivo study.

Anadara granosa (blood clam) shell contained 98.7% of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). This material has bio-properties that able to induced the dentin regeneration. This study is expected to reveal the nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression in dental pulp after application of CaCO3 from Anadara granosa shell. The thirty Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar used as model. The maxillary first molar was preparation using 0.84mm low-speed diamond bur to made cavity. The cavity then applied glass ionomer cement (as control group) and other group applied CaCO3 from Anadara granosa shell. The teeth in each group were extracted after 1st, 3rd and 7th days of application for immunohistochemistry analysis for NF-kB, TGF-β1, and VEGF-A expression. The NF-kB expression in the group with CaCO3 from Anadara granosa shell lower than control after 1st, 3rd and 7th days (p<0.05). In other hand, the TGF-β1 and VEGF-A expression in the group with CaCO3 from Anadara granosa shell higher than control after 1st, 3rd and 7th days (p<0.05). CaCO3 from Anadara granosa shell able to stimulate the TGF-β1 and VEGF-A and suppress the NF-kB expression in the dental pulp. This material able to develop as dentin-pulp material restoration.

Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats

Background: Burn injury is a global health problem that is most often caused by heat. A burn injury can cause high morbidity and mortality and requires high cost. Therefore, the use of plants as an herbal medicine has the potential to be developed in Indonesia. Aloe vera contains various active ingredients that help the wound healing process, such as glucomannan and acemannan which have the effects on the proliferation of macrophages, fibroblasts, and re-epithelialization. This study aimed to determine the effect of Aloe vera extract in repairing post-burn skin in rats that were analyzed from the number of macrophages, fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness. Methods: This is an experimental study with a posttest-only control group design using 54 Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain rats. The sampling method was simple random sampling consisting of 3 groups, i.e., I. standard group, which were normal rats; II. negative control group, which were given second-degree burns and treated with gel base (without Aloe vera extract); III. treatment groups, which were given second-degree burns and treated with Aloe vera extract gel. Each group was subdivided into three smaller groups (n = 6) according to the time the lesions were evaluated. Skin tissue samplings were carried out on days 3, 14, and 21 after injury to observe the number of macrophages, fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness. Results: There were significant differences in the mean number of macrophages, number of fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness in all groups (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Based on the result of the study, Aloe vera extract could fasten the healing process of 2nd degree burn wound in rats.

Impact of multiple different high-fat diets on metabolism, inflammatory markers, dysbiosis, and liver histology: study on NASH rat model induced diet

Background: The spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), can lead to advanced liver disease. It is known that a variety of diets play a significant role in the development of NAFLD/NASH. The goal of this study was to determine the most appropriate composition of diet to induce NASH in an animal model. Methods: This research used Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar (n=27), which were divided into four groups and given each diet for 12 weeks: normal diet (ND, n=7), high-fat diet (HFD, n=6), western diet (WD, n=7) and high-fat-high-fructose diet (HFHFD, n=7). Subjects were documented for body weight. Blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis: low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), hepatic lipase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Feces were taken for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis. Liver histology was analyzed using NAS (NAFLD activity score). The comparison test was carried out using the one-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: The highest average body weight was in the WD group (346.14 g). Liver enzymes, LDL, triglyceride, propionic acid, and acetic acid in each group were not significantly different. TNF-α, IL-6, and hepatic lipase were significant (p = 0.000; p = 0.000; p = 0.004) and the highest was in the HFD group. Butyrate level was significant (p = 0.021) and the least was in the HFHFD group (4.77 mMol/g). Only WD and HFHFD had an NAS ≥ 5 (14% and 14%). The highest percentage of borderline NAS was found in WD (57%). Conclusions: The HFD group showed significant liver inflammation but did not produce NASH histologically, whereas the WD and HFHFD groups had the potential to develop NASH because the diets affected metabolic and inflammatory parameters as well as liver histology.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells accelerate and increase implant osseointegration in diabetic rats.

This study was conducted to assess the effect of hUCMSCs injection on the osseointegration of dental implant in diabetic rats via Runt-related Transcription Factor 2 (Runx2), Osterix (Osx), osteoblasts, and Bone Implant Contact (BIC). The research design was a true experimental design using Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain. Rattus norvegicus were injected with streptozotocin to induce experimental diabetes mellitus. The right femur was drilled and loaded with titanium implant. Approximately 1 mm from proximal and distal implant site were injected with hUCMSCs. The control group was given only gelatin solvent injection. After 2 and 4 weeks of observation, the rats were sacrificed for further examination around implant site using immunohistochemistry staining (RUNX2 and Osterix expression), hematoxylin eosin staining, and bone implant contact area. Data analysis was done using ANOVA test. Data indicated a significant difference in Runx2 expression (p<0.001), osteoblasts (p<0.009), BIC value (p<0.000), and Osterix expression (p<0.002). In vivo injection of hUCMSCs successfully increased Runx2, osteoblasts, and BIC value significantly, while decreased Osterix expression, indicating an acceleration of the bone maturation process. The results proved hUCMSCs to accelerate and enhance implant osseointegration in diabetic rat models.

The Effect of Tamsulosin, Dutasteride Monotherapy and Tamsulosin-Dutasteride Combination on Prostate Smooth Muscle Contractility in BPH Model Wistar Strain Rattus Novergicus.

Following the c In the management of BPH, Tamsulosin is an example of a-adrenergic receptor blocker drug that is usually used. In addition, dutasteride is also a BPH drug that works as a group of 5 a reductase inhibitor. However, the weakness of long-term administration of a1-adrenergic receptor antagonists can result in upregulation of prostate smooth muscle cell contractility and expression of a-adrenergic mRNA receptors, resulting in hyperactivity and supersensitivity to a-agonists. Our study aimed to determine the effect of long-term administration of tamsulosin, dutasteride and tamsulosin-dutasteride combination on the contractility of prostate smooth muscle cells in BPH model rats. This study was designed using an experimental post test only method, control group design. It measured the contractility of prostate smooth muscle cells from samples obtained from the prostatic stroma of experimental animals adult male Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain induced BPH and administered tamsulosin 1 mg/kg/day, dutasteride 0.5 mg/kg/day, and a combination of continuous administration for 1, 6 and 12 consecutive days. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA if the data distribution was normal or Kruskall Walis if the data distribution was abnormal. The effect of tamsulosin, dutasteride and the combination of tamsulosin with dutasteride on prostate smooth muscle cell contractility in experimental animals Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain showed that tamsulosin administration for six days, twelve days, and the combination of tamsulosin dutasteride for one day got statistically significant different result (p=0.016; p=0.006; p=0.029) compared to the negative control group. In addition, there was a difference between the tamsulosin and dutasteride combination group for 12 days compared to tamsulosin monotherapy for 6 days and 12 days (p=0.160; p=0.010). Continuous administration of monotherapy tamsulosin has an upregulation effect on the sixth to twelfth day. Decreased contractility of prostate smooth muscle cells occurs on the first day but will increase on the sixth to twelfth day. On the other hand, the results of our study also showed that the combination of tamsulosin and dutasteride gave the effect of reducing contractility and was most effective on day 12.

The Effect Of Continuously Dutasteride Monotherapy on The Expression Of Protein Kinase C-Alpha Enzyme In BPH Model Of Wistar Strain Rattus Novergicus Rat.

Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is frequently found in the elderly and significantly impacts the quality of life. One of the risk factors that induce BPH is the androgen hormone. One of the effective medications in reducing the severity of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms caused by BPH is the α-adrenergic receptor 5α-reductase inhibitor. The study aims to see the effect of long-term dutasteride on the expression of the PKC-α enzyme in prostatic stromal tissue in the BPH Model of Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus rats. This study was an experimental, post-test-only, control group design that used randomization in sample selection. The objective is to measure the expression of PKC-α enzyme from prostate tissue of an adult male Wistar Strain of Rattus Novergicus rat that was given testosterone to induce BPH and given dutasteride in 1,3 and 6 days continuously. Data is shown in mean±SD, and all of the data were analyzed using the software SPSS 21st version with the One Way ANOVA Statistical method after fulfilling the normality test and variant homogeneity test. Data analysis with confidence rate 95% and a=0,05. There was a decrease of PKC-α enzyme and prostate weight in dutasteride monotherapy in 1,3,6 days compared to the positive control, and the lowest value was on the sixth day (SD ± 2876.8). There was a constant decrease of PKC-α enzyme from the first day until the sixth day. In conclusion, long-term dutasteride monotherapy could significantly decrease the level of PKC-α enzyme. There was no upregulation of the PKC-α enzyme in the long term of dutasteride monotherapy.

Extract of cell culture Rejasa (Elaeocarpus grandiflorus) Decrease Blood Glucose Through Insulin Receptor Pathway

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by the high blood glucose levels. The high prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus needed an innovation in prevention, treatment and control of case. Rejasa (Elaeocarpus grandiflorus) is one of plants has the potential to develop as an antidiabetic. The pretest and posttest control group design were conducted to 30 Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain. The rats induced alloxan monohydrate intraperitoneally at dose of 125 mg/kg BW once day until the blood glucose above 200 mg/dL The hyperglycemic rats were divided into 5 groups, that were negative control (K-), positive control (K+, given glibenclamide 0.072 mg/200 gBW), P1 (given E. glandiflorus cell extract 1 mg/kgBW), P2 (given E. glandiflorus cell extract 10 mg/kgBW), and P3 (given E. glandiflorus cell extract 100 mg/kgBW). The rats were given E. glandiflorus and glibenclamide orally for 10 days. Measurement of blood glucose levels was carried out on day 0 and day 10, after 10 h fasting. The mechanism of antidiabetic effect of E. glandiflorus was explored by in silico. The mean of blood glucose levels on day 0 were 455.2 mg/dL (K), 422.8 mg/dL (K+), 469.8 mg/dL (P1), 355.5 mg/dL (P2) and 446 mg/dL (P3). The blood glucose levels on day 10 were 367.8 mg/dL (K-), 89.6 mg/dL (K+), 285.6 mg/dL (P1), 136.8 mg/dL (P2) and 104.8 (P3). Statistical analysis showed the difference between K- from P2(p=0.015) and P3 (p0.001). When compared with K+, only P3 showed no difference (p=0.873). Flavonoid of E. glandiflorus act on insulin receptor pathway and involved HK2, PTPN1, AKT1, PI3KR1, HRAS and GSK3B protein. These results showed that extract cell of E. glandiflorus have antidiabetic activity on insulin receptor pathway.