Rationalistic Approach Research Articles

Promising Directions for Modernizing Legal Regulations on Non-Custodial Sentences and Criminal Measures

The reduction of criminal repression has gained recognition in modern criminal law, embraced not only by proponents of humanistic principles in criminal justice but also by advocates of a rationalistic approach to maintaining law and order in society and the state. A prevalent trend in modern penitentiary policy is the expansion of legal boundaries and practices involving criminal penalties and measures not involving the isolation of convicts from society. Strategic planning documents for the development of the penal system of the Russian Federation emphasize ongoing modernization efforts, particularly the adoption of alternative state coercive measures to imprisonment. However, an analysis of law enforcement practice reveals divergent trends that characterize the current state of penitentiary policy. Understanding these trends demands careful attention from the scientific community, legislators, and law enforcement authorities.

Insights of infected Schwann cells extinction and inherited randomness in a stochastic model of leprosy

Investigating disease progression, transmission of infection and impacts of Multidrug Therapy (MDT) to inhibit demyelination in leprosy involves a certain amount of difficulty in terms of the in-built uncertain complicated and complex intracellular cell dynamical interactions. To tackle this scenario and to elucidate a more realistic, rationalistic approach of examining the infection mechanism and associated drug therapeutic interventions, we propose a four-dimensional ordinary differential equation-based model. Stochastic processes has been employed on this deterministic system by formulating the Kolmogorov forward equation introducing a transition state and the quasi-stationary distribution, exact distribution analysis have been investigated which allow us to estimate an expected time to extinction of the infected Schwann cells into the human body more prominently. Additionally, to explore the impact of uncertainty in the key intracellular factors, the stochastic system is investigated incorporating random perturbations and environmental noises in the disease dissemination, proliferation and reinfection rates. Rigorous numerical simulations validating the analytical outcomes provide us significant novel insights on the progression of leprosy and unravelling the existing major treatment complexities. Analytical experiments along with the simulations utilizing Monte-Carlo method and Euler–Maruyama scheme involving stochasticity predicts that the bacterial density is underestimated due to the recurrence of infection and suggests that maintaining a drug-efficacy rate in the range 0.6−0.8 would be substantially efficacious in eradicating leprosy.

Penerapan Konsep Walkability Skala Manusia Berbasis Kegiatan Pelajar dalam Kawasan Pendidikan

Walkability is one part of realizing sustainable and livable city planning and design. The education area is one of the areas in urban areas that has a complex and dynamic level of problems. The attraction of the educational function in an area causes a high movement of people and goods so that in its development various commercial functions grow in it. The M.A Turungku road corridor is part of the education area in Buol City. In the corridor there are various educational functions starting from the elementary, secondary, to upper levels. The pull of the existence of the educational function in the M.A Turungku road corridor has resulted in the growth of commercial functions followed by its impact on the decline in environmental quality. The decline in the quality of the physical environment that occurs in the M.A Turungku road corridor has an impact on the comfort of walking activities, especially for students in the corridor. Therefore, in this study, the improvement of walkability in the M.A Turungku road corridor will be studied through a human-scale approach based on student activities. The research approach uses a rationalistic approach with data collection techniques through systematic observation. The results of this study show that the comfort level of human sensing when walking on the M.A Turungku road corridor gets an uncomfortable value. Meanwhile, in the results of the analysis of pedestrian movements and behavior, during the day in segment 2 of the M.A Turungku road corridor, outdoor activities occur very dynamically where main activities, additional activities, and follow-up activities of pedestrians are formed.

Study of application of bioclimatic architecture strategy at Citraland Residential House in Palu City

Palu City has a fairly hot air temperature, very high intensity of solar radiation, quite high rainfall, and a fairly large wind speed. When reviewing the climatic conditions of Palu City above, the planners in this case the Citraland housing architect team should be able to apply a bioclimatic architecture strategy to be able to respond to the climatic conditions of the city of Palu. Based on this background, it is necessary to conduct a research study on the application of bioclimatic architecture strategies in Citraland's residences. This study uses a rationalistic approach with an exploratory method. Research shows that Citraland Residence has implemented a bioclimatic architectural strategy in several ways, namely the use of shading or shadow effects in the form of roof canopy, eaves, and lattice made of wood, and protective plants, as well as the use of insulating materials such as natural stone affixed to the outer walls. residential home. In addition, the layout of the residence also plays a role in the flow of air circulation to the maximum. Then the strategy of making wind-catching rooms and the use of glass materials on several sides of the building which acts as a place to enter sunlight into the house

Agrarian Conscious Movement at the Village Level For the Realization of Community Welfare

Pucung Village, Girisubo District, Gunungkidul Regency conducts an Agrarian Awareness Movement to realize community welfare. This phenomenon is interesting to study using qualitative research methods accompanied by a rationalistic approach. The number of informants was 15, purposively selected. The data consists of: (1) Primary data obtained from interviews with informants; (2) Secondary data in the form of population data of Pucung Village. Meanwhile, data analysis is carried out using qualitative analysis techniques. The results showed that the Agrarian Awareness Movement at the village level, especially in Pucung Village, was intended to improve community welfare, which was characterised by welfare in economic, psychological, social, and cultural aspects. The movement has (1) main foundations, (2) urgency or important role, (3) importance and authority, (4) main concern, (5) behavioral dynamics, (6) preferences and expectations, (7) objective and subjective awareness, (8) social and cultural norms, and (9) individual and collective meanings.

IMPACT OF STRENGTHENING BUSINESS ETHOS ON AGRARIAN RESOURCE-BASED MICRO ENTERPRISES

Even though it is located in a karst area, the community and Pucung Village Government are optimistic that they will be able to advance their area into an independent, peaceful, and prosperous village. For this reason, they are trying to ensure that micro-businesses in this village contribute to its progress by strengthening their business ethos. This phenomenon is interesting to research using qualitative research methods accompanied by a rationalistic approach. The number of informants was 15 people, selected purposively. Data consists of (1) Primary data obtained from interviews with informants and (2) Secondary data in the form of population data for Pucung Village. Meanwhile, data analysis was carried out using Qualitative Analysis Techniques. The research results show that their business ethos determines the long-term success of micro-businesses, so strengthening their business ethos needs to be done. Pucung Village has 6 (six) types of micro-businesses, consisting of 8 (eight) business units located in 8 (eight) locations. Strengthening the business ethos for micro businesses in Pucung Village has elements, including the business owner's willingness to set a vision and mission, build a positive business culture, and commit to quality. When strengthening the business ethos has been carried out, it will have an impact in the form of increasing productivity, competitiveness, credibility, and the ability to survive.

Territory of Children’s Female Bedroom at Pesantren Al Hikmah II Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Pesantren is one of the places of choice for parents to educate their children with the hope that their children will one day get success in the world and the hereafter. but the age of children who tend to still depend on their parents will certainly regulate their behavior towards their environment to achieve their quality of life. The behavior of the territoriality of the child’s space in the boarding school is interesting to study how these children achieve their quality of life. The purpose of this research is to identify children’s behavior towards space settings, identify factors that form children’s space territoriality, and then find the concept of children’s space territoriality in pesantren in order to achieve quality of life. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a rationalistic approach. The scope of environmental and behavioral studies (EBS) research is about the relationship between human behavior and the environment. The results of the study show that the girls’ dormitory space area is included in the primary territory category because it is related to personal activities. Factors forming territoriality in a room are personal (personality, age, and gender), situational (physical order, time, distance, activity, rules, and comfort), and socio-cultural (rules, language, diversity of resident activities, and social sense).

The Principles and Techniques of Artur Schnabel’s Performance of the Piano Sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven

The piano sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) represent the highest achievement of the First Viennese School in modern piano performance. The complexity and depth of the stage interpretation requires the study of the composer’s music based on its performance specifics. The study of the features of the piano sonata works by Beethoven on the example of performances by Artur Schnabel, one of the most prominent pianists of the twentieth century, will enrich modern knowledge about the style of Beethoven’s piano works. The objectives of the paper are to characterize the genre and stylistic features of Beethoven’s sonata works and to study the performing features of the German composer’s sonatas in Schnabel’s interpretation. Rationalistic approach is not typical for Schnabel’s interpretation of Beethoven’s sonatas. On the contrary, his performance has romantic features in terms of strength and depth of feeling but is classical in terms of the proportionality of expressive means. His performance impresses with its philosophical orientation and epic spirit. What is especially important to him in the musical composition is an individual approach to the intonation of recitatives, cadences, syncopation, and those stylistic components of playing that form an original interpretation of Beethoven’s music. Schnabel embodies Beethoven’s concepts on the basis of integrity, starting from the epic characteristics of Beethoven’s work

COMMUNITY'S OPTIMISM IN THE UTILIZATION OF KARST AREA IN THE FRAMEWORK OF AGRARIAN REFORM (STUDY IN PUCUNG VILLAGE, GIRISUBO DISTRICT, GUNUNG KIDUL DISTRICT)

Pucung Village, Girisubo District, Gunung Kidul Regency, is located in a karst area which requires a certain method to make the best use of it. The karst area, which is often considered by some people in other areas as an obstacle, is actually considered a blessing by the community and the Pucung Village Government. This attitude arose as part of the optimism of the community and the Pucung Village Government in the karst area within the framework of agrarian reform. This study uses qualitative research methods, with a rationalistic approach. The number of informants was 10 people, who were selected purposively. The data consists of: (1) Primary data, obtained from interviews with informants; (2) Secondary data, in the form of Pucung Village population data. Meanwhile, data analysis was carried out by utilizing Qualitative Analysis Techniques. The results of this study indicate that the optimism of the community and Pucung Village Government in the utilization of the karst area within the framework of agrarian reform is manifested in the form of: First, the seriousness of the community and Pucung Village Government, when collaborating with the National Land College (STPN) to carry out participatory research activities and community empowerment ; Second, the sincerity of the community and the Pucung Village Government when working hard to develop agriculture, animal husbandry, small businesses and tourism; Third, the seriousness of the community and the Pucung Village Government when carrying out repairs and arrangements for physical, intellectual, human, financial and technological facilities; Fourth, the seriousness of the community and Pucung Village Government, when improving people's welfare independently and peacefully by utilizing the iconic potential of Pucung Village, namely: Bengawan Solo Purba; Fifth, the seriousness of the community and Pucung Village Government when carrying out land use and utilization activities.

Mental Health: A Study of Al-Kindi’s Philosophical Thoughts of The Soul

Mental health for every individual, starting from the family, school, workplace, to the general public has become the main focus at this time. In 2020, when the massive spread of the COVID-19 virus, many people's mental health was disturbed. In the current condition of society, it appears that the mental health of each individual cannot be generalized. Good health enables people to realize their potential, cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively and contribute to their communities. Al-Kindi is a philosopher who is very tenacious in carrying out his shari'at. One of the philosophies studied by Al-Kindi is the philosophy of the soul. The purpose of this study is to find out preventive measures that can be taken to avoid mental illness. This research uses a type of qualitative research, based on library research (literary study). The research approach used in this article is a historical approach and a philosophical approach. This study uses a rationalistic approach with comparative analysis techniques, namely comparing one reference with another. The conclusion of this research is when you want a calm soul, you have to use rational (reason). Because desire and love are sensuous will experience destruction and annihilation. Meanwhile, rational love is always eternal and constant and does not experience destruction and loss. That's why, people who want to be happy and prevent themselves from being disturbed by sadness, then he must make his love and desire in the rational world not in the sensory world.

KARAKTERISTIK LINGKUNGAN KAWASAN PERMUKIMAN NELAYAN DI WILAYAH PESISIR DESA BOTUBARANI

The coastal area is home to the fishing community of Botubarani Village, where the community depends on marine catches as their source of livelihood. Understanding the environmental characteristics of areas that serve fishermen is crucial for formulating policies and strategies for sustainable development. The purpose of this research is to find the characteristics of the physical environment that serves fishermen, the characteristics of the social environment that involves fishermen, and the characteristics of the natural environment related to fishermen. These three objectives were chosen because they are representative in the context of involving fishermen and have significant environmental challenges. This research uses a descriptive methodology with a rationalistic approach. Data collection was carried out using the method of direct observation of fishermen to gain an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of the physical environment, spatial planning, and daily life of fishermen, and conducting interviews with fishing communities and village governments to gain an understanding of their rational views of the environmental characteristics of village fishermen. Botubarani.

DEVELOPMENT OF PUCUNG VILLAGE MASTERPLAN GIRISUBO DISTRICT, GUNUNG KIDUL DISTRICT

Pucung Village, Girisubo District, Gunung Kidul Regency needs a master plan, which is a guideline for implementing the development of Pucung Village which is equipped with infrastructure, so that it contributes to achieving the long-term vision. This study uses qualitative research methods, with a rationalistic approach. The number of informants was 15 people, who were selected purposively. The data consists of: (1) Primary data, obtained from interviews with informants; (2) Secondary data, in the form of Pucung Village population data. Meanwhile, data analysis was carried out by utilizing qualitative data analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that: First, the potential of Pucung Village consists of physical and non-physical potential, both of which can be utilized and developed for the realization of community welfare; Second, the process of making the Pucung Village Masterplan includes facilitation of maps and data from lecturers from the National Land College. Then providing input by the Head of the Padukuhan and local community leaders regarding their respective Padukuhan development plans; Furthermore, data collection and input, as well as analysis and drafting of the Pucung Village Master Plan by the Head of Pucung Village and the Secretary of Pucung Village, supervised by a lecturer at the National Land College; Third, the development conception in the Pucung Village Master Plan includes: a socio-ecological approach, a participatory approach, and an input-output approach; Fourth, development zoning in the Pucung Village Master Plan includes: the development of the North, Central and South areas. Fifth, the divisions in the Pucung Village Master Plan cover the fields of: agriculture, animal husbandry, tourism, and the economy.

Климатическая повестка США как возможность социально-политической трансформации американского общества

The article’s introduction includes a justification of the climate policy’s dependence and socioeconomic transformation in American society. The research’s purpose is to substantiate that the climate crisis is a complex infrastructural issue that requires solutions from all institutions and spheres of American society to achieve sustainable development and leadership. The article’s materials consist of international treaties, laws, and protocols that are adopted by the US Congress, the US government’s orders and plans, US politicians’ speeches and correspondence, research articles and monographs by famous scientists from various countries, the political practice’s analysis of the presidential administration of J. Biden in the conditions of fulfilling the obligations assumed by the United States under the Paris Climate Agreement, as well as new social and economic problems related to the hydrocarbons’ use. The article analyzes the Environmental Protection Agency’s activities and the supporters’ and opponents’ actions regarding the use of fossil fuels. The methodology is based on the principles of scientific historical research; a rationalistic approach is used as a methodological approach, and two special historical methods are used as research methods: systemic and genetic. The study’s results were updated plans and actions by the American government to address the climate agenda for the 2016–2020 period. As a result, the article’s author comes to several conclusions, which are that the struggle for a fair energy transition during the 2016–2022 period made American society more polarized and divided taken the measures according to ideas and actions. The so-called BIPOC community began to play a special role in this movement as the main force in a period of change and as a hope for the creation of a more fair society in America. The Inflation Reduction Act (2022) created the conditions for American society’s consolidation. The changes should be expected in 2023 as visible trends in socio-political modernization after the adoption of this law: for example, in healthcare, greater availability of medicines and lower prices for them, especially for insulin-dependent people; greater availability for more citizens in the health insurance sphere; reduction of citizens’ costs for electricity and energy efficiency of household appliances; reduction of taxes for low- and medium-income citizens; a tangible reduction in harmful pollution from fossil fuels; and the expected reduction in cancer diseases among Americans.

Community Business Action Plan Based on Regional Potential in The Framework of Agrarian Reform

Sentang Village, Wonogiri District, Wonogiri Regency needs a community business action plan based on regional potential within the framework of agrarian reform. The action plan contains a plan of activities that need to be carried out by the village government, to develop community businesses within the framework of agrarian reform, for the improvement of community welfare. This research uses qualitative research methods, with a rationalistic approach. The number of informants was 10, purposively selected. The data consists of: (1) Primary data, obtained from interviews with informants; (2) Secondary data, in the form of population data in Sentang Village. Meanwhile, data analysis is carried out by utilizing qualitative data analysis techniques. The results of this study show that the action plan is prepared by taking into account physical and non-physical potentials, as well as the economic contribution of business fields in Sentang Village, which include: (1) agricultural business, (2) livestock business, (3) fisheries business, (4) trading business, (5) handicraft business, and (6) tourism business. Action plan provides benefits in the form of community welfare, consisting of: (1) economic welfare, (2) psychological welfare, (3) social welfare, and (4) cultural welfare

Pengembangan Waterfront City Kawasan Pasar Kota Kuala Tungkal

The development of activities and the potential of the Kuala Tungkal City Market Area which has visual and physical contact oriented towards the waters is the basic issue of the starting point in making plans with an area development approach with a waterfront concept. Activities developed in the waterfront area are inseparable from the potentials of the area. This potential will also influence the motivation for the development of the waterfront concept which generates ideas in the utilization of spatial functions. The aim of the development is for the waterfront area and other functions as well as a good and clear grouping of areas according to their functions. This study uses a rationalistic approach in formulating the waterfront concept approach in the development of the Kuala Tungkal City Market area.

Influence of Organizational Culture on Construction Firms’ Performance: The Mediating Roles of Innovation and Marketing Capabilities

Local Ghanaian construction firms have been accused of underperformance due to inadequate resources and capabilities, lack of market information, poor managerial skills, and other external factors. While construction firms may be unable to control external challenges, how they mobilize internal resources to confront them may be crucial for their performance and survival. An emerging consensus is that how organizations use their resources to respond to externalities is related to their organizational culture (OC). We contend that the unique contribution of organizational culture to firm performance (FP) may diminish in the absence of appropriate firm capabilities. Drawing on the resource-based view and capability theories, we attempt to investigate (a) how the types of OC influence FP and (b) whether innovation and marketing capabilities mediate the link between types of OC and construction firm performance. Results of partial least squares structural equation modelling show that clan, adhocracy, and market culture have significant positive association with FP, while hierarchy culture is negatively related to FP. Furthermore, innovation and marketing capabilities demonstrate a combination of full and partial mediation effects on the link between OC types and FP. Thus, the results direct senior managers’ attention towards the significance of soft assets in construction firm performance outcomes, signaling a shift from a purely technical and rationalistic approach to a more adaptable and humanistic approach. It implies that while emphasizing cultural values, managers should also give priority to these two capability dimensions.

Changes in the Intensity of Flat Communal Spaces in the New Normal Era of Pandemic COVID-19 (Case Study of Penjaringan Sari Surabaya Flats)

One of the necessities of apartment dwellers is social interaction, which occurs in communal areas. As a result of the COVID-19 epidemic, there are restrictions on social interaction and a call to remain at home. The COVID-19 epidemic alters the function of social rooms in apartments. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, characterizing the pattern using a rationalistic approach and explaining the condition of the item. This study aims to determine the number and impact of changes in the intensity of the communal space in apartment buildings as a space for social contact between inhabitants in the new normal period. Changes in the utilization pattern of community space in flats for formal activities, such as the communal, space in the RW and field halls with RT/RW meeting activities, range from high to low intensity. In the meantime, the level of informal activities in communal spaces such as the lobby, gardens/gazebos, and kiosks tends to grow, as speaking, sitting, and playing become more prevalent. Observations indicate that physical adaptations to this pandemic condition remain minimal, at only 17 percent. This is due to a lack of finance and public information regarding how to alter the building's physical components in response to the epidemic. As a result of the cancellation of many gathering events, such as RT/RW meetings, routine recitations, etc., the non-physical level of the epidemic is relatively high, at approximately 66 percent.

Study of permanent residential management in Tondo Village, Palu City

Currently the regional government of Central Sulawesi Province through the Ministry of PUPR has built several permanent residential units (Huntap) for victims of the natural disaster on September 28 2018 that occurred in Palu City, one of which is located in Tondo Village, right behind the Tadulako University Campus. However, based on the results of the initial survey that had been carried out, there were still some things that were not given much attention, such as the provision of housing facilities and infrastructure as well as the shape of houses and their locations that did not respond to the topographic climatic conditions in Palu City. Based on the above premise, regarding the importance of permanent housing arrangement for victims of natural disasters, a problem can be formulated, namely "What is the concept of permanent housing arrangement in Tondo Village with a healthy shelter-based approach?"This study uses a rationalistic approach. The rationalistic approach is an approach that sees truth not solely from empirical conditions but also from argumentation as a part of thinking construction. To collect information and obtain data that is directly related to the research, a direct observation was carried out which included observation at the permanent residential location of Tondo Village which was the object of this study.The design concept carried out in the arrangement of permanent housing in Tondo Village is to formulate the concept of providing housing facilities and infrastructure. In addition to this, the model of residential buildings is also designed to be more attractive, so that it will be different from the appearance of permanent residential buildings that currently exist. The house design is maximized to be able to respond to the climate around a permanent residence, so as to be able to produce designs that guarantee the health of the residents of the house. The structural system used is no different from existing huntap building structural system, namely the simple healthy instant house structure system (RISHA).

The efficiency of semarang – pekalongan toll road in goods transportation

Trans Java toll road belongs to a strategic development program of the Indonesian Government. Towards toll roads, the time of travel can be shorted, hence the transportation cost becomes lower. Semarang – Pekalongan Toll road is part of the trans java program. It connects Semarang City and Pekalongan City. Semarang is identified as the trading city. In this city, many of product be promoted in the national or regional area. In the other side, Pekalongan is known as the centre of Batik. The connectivity between them aims to promote Batik to the large market. However, the travel cost by toll road is higher than by Pantura Road. By that fact, the toll road could be less efficient compare to Pantura road. Thus, this research wants to ensure the efficiency of Semarang – Pekalongan toll road. The research is conducted by deductive – rationalistic approach. The analytical method is statistic descriptives. Based on the analysis, the toll road is inefficient on goods movement in mid-distance (up to 100 km). The average cost of goods movement in the mid-distance in Pantura Road is 70 % lower compared to the toll road. Refer to that fact, the toll road pricing should be evaluated to improve efficiency.

Implementation of the souraja house façade on the composition of the government building façade in Palu city

As the capital city of Central Sulawesi Province, Palu has built various public buildings, especially buildings belonging to the local government, which are provided to serve the population’s needs. However, when examined more deeply, it can be seen that several government-owned public buildings were designed not to pay attention to the environmental conditions in which the building was erected both socially, culturally and the composition of the building’s constituents. One of them is the facade or the front of the building. The Souraja house, a traditional house of the Kaili tribe, which currently exists in Palu City, should become a reference for the shape of public buildings, both in overall form and only in the form of the facade composition. This study uses a rationalistic approach, which sees the truth from empirical conditions and arguments as a part of thinking construction. The rationalistic research design departs from the theoretical framework (Grand Theory). The source of the Grand theory raised in this study comes from the Souraja House building, which is the work of the traditional house of the Kaili tribe, which currently still exists in Palu City. The results of this study indicate that the three parameters of the components that make up the facade of the Souraja Traditional house, which are used in analyzing and discussing the beginning of government buildings in Palu City, are not 100% implemented, namely on the raised floor but no longer in the form of a stilt building. While the two parameters of the composition of the facade of the Souraja Traditional house used in analyzing and discussing the face of government buildings in Palu City are 100% implemented.