Rational Use Of Natural Resources Research Articles

Issues of ecosystem conservation and safety (using the example of the “Semey Ormany” of the Republic of Kazakhstan)

The article analyzes the issues of preserving the integrity of the planet’s ecosystem in a rapidly changing world and climate change on the Earth. The authors note that at the present stage, threats arise in nature that require coordinated actions to restore, ensure the conservation and rational use of natural resources, including unique natural complexes. Among these is the ribbon-like pine forest, the history of which is described in the article. The object of the study is a forest natural reserve located in the east of the Republic of Kazakhstan – the “Semey Ormany”. The authors research environmental conservation activity, forest protection and reforestation activities of the “Semey Ormany”, i.e. activities to protect ecosystems necessary to preserve our environment and ensure sustainability for future generations. The analysis carried out in the article allows us to gain and recommendations were made for the conservation of biological diversity.

THE USE OF MECHANISMS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE FORMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE

The public-private partnership project should be carried out with the inclusion of socio-economic tasks i.e. the tasks of protecting the environment, ensuring environmental desolation and rational use of Natural Resources. The establishment of PPP in the environmental sphere in our country and a wider understanding of the goals of PPP.

Уголовно-правовая охрана водных объектов: национальный, зарубежный и международный опыт

Current issues related to the legal protection of water bodies, ensuring their increasing value in modern conditions, are revealed. The issues of legal protection under consideration are relevant both at the international and domestic levels. The purpose of the study is to consider the negative impact of the weakening of the administrative regime in the field of environmental protection, which affects the application of measures of criminal law and procedural coercion against those responsible for causing significant harm to natural resources. Administrative law is closely related to criminal law; therefore, in practice, administrative penalties prevent damage to the objects of encroachment (public relations in the field of rational use of natural resources), which can develop into a socially dangerous consequence of the crime. General scientific and specifically legal methods are used as research methods. The main attention is paid to the method of analysis. It is established that the creation of a unified basic methodology that would help investigative and inquiry authorities increase the percentage of detection of criminal and administrative cases of environmental crimes is currently not possible. The intersectoral nature and blanket nature of the norms significantly distinguish such acts from each other. The lack of professional training of investigators and interrogators, the lack of knowledge and special literature on the investigation of environmental crimes, of course, cannot have a positive effect on curbing crime in this area.

INSTITUTIONAL SECURITY IN RELATIONS OF OWNERSHIP OF NATURAL RESOURCES: STATE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC POLICY AND DECENTRALIZATION

The article defines the natural resource sphere of the national economy as the largest territorial and sectoral complex, which includes land, water, forest, mineral, natural and recreational and other types of resources. The lack of implementation of the allocation of a sufficient amount of funds aimed at the rationalization of nature use and the modernization of environmental infrastructure facilities, as well as the uneven distribution of capital investments for the protection and rational use of natural resources in the region for the period 2016-2022, was established. It is substantiated that in the conditions of decentralization of power, the general basis of institutional support for property relations over natural resources should be corporatization, development of rent relations, improvement of fiscal mechanisms in resource use, market-economic evaluation and capitalization of all-natural resources without exception at the local, regional and national levels. The theoretical foundations of the problems of institutional support in property relations in the conditions of decentralization of power have been deepened by determining the need to create an institutional system of property. This system provides for the development of lease relationships, approaches to investment projects, improvement of natural resource taxation mechanisms by improving the system of local taxes on the use of resources, and assessment of the value of natural resources at the micro, meso, and macro levels. The definition of ecological and economic problems of property relations is formulated, which, unlike the existing ones, are focused on the problems of attracting capital investments and current costs of the state for the protection of the natural environment in conditions of decentralization, as well as the fundamental basis for the formation of an institutional system of property in nature management, taking into account foreign experience. The results of the research can be used in the development of regional and national programs and forecasts on issues of nature management and environmental protection.

Resource potential of municipal solid waste in Odesa Region

Despite the widespread use of the term "municipal solid waste" (MSW), the main regulatory and legislative documents of Ukraine use the term "household waste". International practice also does not have a clear definition of the "municipal solid waste" concept, however, there are a number of related terms. Municipal solid waste is defined as a waste that is generated in the course of human activity, accumulated in residential buildings and social institutions and considered as unsuitable for further use at places of its generation. As for the related terms used in foreign and national practice, the term “household waste”, i.e. waste generated directly by households, is more appropriate. Municipal solid waste is a heterogeneous mixture that has a complex waste composition and its quantitative and qualitative characteristics are not constant and depend on characteristics of a certain country, region, city or town where it was generated, season and other factors. Growing volumes of municipal solid waste is one of the components of growing anthropogenic load that poses a threat to environmental safety of the country's regions and public health and negatively affects the state of our environment. The main methods of such solid waste management in Ukraine include landfilling, incineration, recycling and recovery. Out of the total annual waste volume generated on the post-Soviet territories, 93% are taken to landfills or dumpsites, 4% – incinerated, and only about 3% – recycled.
 Therefore, creation and implementation of an effective system of solid waste management is an important task for ensuring environmental safety and sustainable development of the country's regions. Moreover, solid waste is a significant reserve for obtaining secondary material resources. According to the circular economy concept, almost all components of solid waste should be reused for production of new items. This will minimize negative impact on the environment and allow rational use of natural resources. The article analyses the current state of municipal solid waste management system in Odesa Region and assesses resource value of such waste. Secondary raw materials worth of almost UAH 1.4 million can be produced annually from the total flow of municipal solid waste in Odesa Region. And this figure does not take into account liquidity of food and other waste. After establishing an effective food and other organic waste management system, such amount may be significantly increased. Separation of resource-value components from the total solid waste flow and their subsequent use will help to reduce technogenic load on the environmental natural components and improve the overall environmental situation in Odesa Region.

Doctrinal approach to the concept of the legal nature of the ecological state

The article examines the legal nature of the ecological state based on the analysis of foreign and national legislation.
 Attention is drawn to the fact that the term "ecological state” in various scientific literature is used in such meanings as "green state”, "eco­state”, "eco-centric state”, "ecologically oriented state”, "ecological state of social justice”, etc.
 The normative consolidation of the concept of "ecological state” in foreign countries was analyzed, the scientific literature, and using the systematic method of research, it is necessary to determine several directions of understanding of the "ecological state”. First, the concept of "ecological state” is widely used in foreign countries to describe political and socio-economic systems aimed at protecting the environment and natural resources. These concepts define the state's approach to environmental issues and often indicate that environmental issues are a priority for the government and citizens. Secondly, the "ecological state” must be understood as a system of legal regulation aimed at ensuring ecologically sustainable development through environmental protection and rational use of natural resources. Third, as a system of government bodies, which includes various structures and institutions responsible for the development, implementation and control of environmental policy.
 The features that determine its essence and content of an ecological state are summarized, namely: strict compliance with environmental legislation; supporting sustainable development and promoting the use of renewable energy sources; broad powers of environmental protection authorities; preservation of biodiversity; public participation and transparency; provision of environmental education and formation of citizens' eco-awareness; international cooperation in the field of environmental protection, etc.
 The author's definition of an ecological state is provided.

ATROF-MUHITNI MUHOFAZA QILISH SOHASIDA YECHIMI KUTILAYOTGAN CHORA-TADBIRLAR

"This article discusses future measures and developments for environmental solutions. This emphasizes the need for active approaches and cooperation to solve current environmental problems. The article covers the main areas of attention, such as sustainable development, transition to renewable energy sources, preservation of biodiversity, waste management, international agreements, and conferences on environmental protection. It also discusses the role of technology, education, and policy reforms in shaping solutions to environmental challenges. It is known that at present, in order to create comfortable living conditions for the population of our country, it is important to implement programmatic tasks to improve drinking water supply and wastewater systems in terms of environmental protection, rational use of natural resources, and public health. In this, drinking water and its supply and quality improvement in rural areas; protection of atmospheric air, which is considered the most important for human life; ensuring that its quality indicators are in accordance with ecological norms; land resources are material for the well-being of the population of our country; and the economic potential of our republic. It is one of our most important tasks to organize rational and productive use of water under any conditions, to use water resources rationally and economically, to increase the culture of water consumption in our society, and to form relationships of economic attitude towards water. "

State environmental policy in modern conditions: status and directions of improvement

Problem setting. Given the invasion of Ukraine by the aggressor country, the implementation of the state environmental policy is of particular importance today, and its effective implementation requires the use of effective tools, improvement of current legislation and strategic planning, taking into account the need to intensify European integration and adopt EU best practices in this area. Therefore, the urgent issue now is to identify ways to increase the efficiency of state policy in the environmental sphere, to formulate and optimize the regulatory and legal support for the implementation of state environmental policy. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The issues of implementation of the state environmental policy and the problems of improving the system of public administration of environmental safety have been considered by many scientists. For example, I. I. Samoilova [1] in her scientific works investigated the potential of the public administration system in Ukraine and the issue of its use to ensure environmental safety. Р. S. Kirin and S. V. Hryshchak conducted a comprehensive study of topical issues of ensuring and implementing environmental rights in the strategies of the State environmental policy and security of Ukraine during the wartime period and substantiated that the challenges of the wartime period determine the formation of an appropriate set of legal instruments with the help of which a platform should be built for direct or indirect measures to prevent, protect and restore the environmental rights of citizens violated by armed aggression, including an international mechanism for the restoration of environmental rights. Despite the sufficient number of scientific papers, the chosen research topic requires additional developments due to the need for scientific research on ways to improve the efficiency of state environmental safety and ensure environmentally balanced development of the state. Purpose of research is to study the topical issues of implementation of the State environmental policy in modern conditions and to identify possible areas for its improvement. Article’s main body. In the context of martial law, theoretical and practical issues of effective implementation of the state environmental policy, taking into account the existing processes of deepening the environmental crisis, are gaining particular relevance and new features. Modern processes of greening the world economy based on the concepts of sustainable development, rational use of natural resources and green economy require an effective environmental policy of the world community, with a long-term vision of state changes in accordance with the principles of balanced development laid down in strategic legislative and regulatory documents, but each developed strategy aimed at environmental protection and rational use of natural resources requires a clear mechanism for the implementation of the relevant legislation. That is, the development of relevant strategies requires the implementation of a well-established clear mechanism and consistency with the norms of the current legislation in the field of environmental protection and rational use of natural resources. The provisions of important strategic documents were analyzed, such as: The Basic Principles (Strategy) of the State Environmental Policy of Ukraine until 2030, the National Waste Management Strategy in Ukraine until 2030, and the Strategy for Environmental Security and Climate Change Adaptation until 2030. Some issues of implementation of regional programs on environmental protection, rational use of natural resources and environmental safety are considered. Conclusions and prospects for the development. As a result of the study, it is reasonable to conclude that there are systemic problems in the implementation of the state environmental policy, in particular, the implementation of national and regional strategic priority areas, which require updating the relevant mechanisms for implementing environmental policy, including institutional ones. In addition to the above, it is now necessary to harmonize current legislation with strategic planning documents. That is, the current legislation in the field of environmental security should be correlated with the relevant strategic directions and state programs, which is extremely important in the context of the need to restore the national economy and all components of the country's national security on the way to EU membership.

An increase in hydrocarbon reserves of Andylakhskoye gas condensate field (Yakutia) taking into account the specifics of its geological structure

As a result of the research; a conclusion was made about the high prospects for the growth of gas reserves of Andylakhskoye gas condensate field- located within the Loglor swell of the Vilyui syneclise of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). An increase in reserves is expected; both due to previously discovered deposits and new; more promising horizons located in the Permian deposits.It is proposed to set up seismic surveys using the 2D common depth point method within the field and the adjacent; most promising areas to increase investment attractiveness; the rational use of natural resources; and increasing gas reserves of Andylakhskoe gas condensate field. According to the results of the studies carried out in this article; the prospects for the growth of hydrocarbon reserves of Andylakhskoe gas condensate field are estimated by over 10 times of the amount.

A Statistical Approach to the Impact of Qualitative Variables on Water Consumption in Schools

Objective: To investigate the relationship between qualitative structural, behavioral and operational variables (continuous, discrete and binary) and water consumption in school environments. Theoretical framework: School managers lack adequate material resources and qualified information to effectively implement these practices, especially in developing countries. Method: An exploratory and correlational analysis was carried out between structural, operational and behavioral variables and water consumption in 911 schools located in Bahia, Brazil. In addition, consumption was estimated using predictive models based on ARIMA. Results and conclusion: The maximum consumption values ranged from 52.98 to 95.65 liters per student per day. A significant positive correlation was identified between the variables "Built-up area" and "IDEB Index" for 26 schools located in the suburbs of the city of Salvador, Bahia. ARIMA predictive models can be considered adequate as long as the variability of the data is not too great. Periodic on-site inspections, training of maintenance staff and dialog with school managers were effective in reducing water consumption Research implications: The introduction of practices for the rational use of natural resources during school education is certainly an important initiative to ensure a less environmentally unsustainable society. Originality/value: The study provided unprecedented information on the relationship between neglected variables such as "IDEB" and water consumption in schools. These results may help in the adoption of measures and practices that effectively promote citizen education aimed at preserving natural resources.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ТЕПЛООБМЕНА И РАБОТЫ ГИДРОПРИВОДА ЭКСКАВАТОРА ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ РЕГЕНЕРИРОВАННОГО МАСЛА

This article discusses the technique of optimizing the desing of the exchanger for cooling the working fluid of the hydraulic drive of road-building machines on the example of excavator. The authors analyzed the effect jf the oil regeneration process on the operation of the excavator’s hydraulic system and the effect of regenerated oil on the operation of the regenerated oil on the operation of the excavator’s hydraulic drive heat exchanger, which serves to cool the excavator’s working fluid. The regeneration of used oils is one of the most promising ways to save lubrications, as well protect the environment from getting into it both directly oils and combustion products during their disposal. Unlike oil liquid fuels, waste oils do not evaporate and are less susceptible to biodegradation. At the present stage of development of the human community, there is still no objective possibility of creating a waste-free system for ensuring its vilal activity. However, the organization of rational use of natural resources is quite possible. One of the ways to solve this problem is to develop new and improve existing technologies for the conversion of raw materials, in particular, the regeneration of used oils. Up to 15 liters of oil circulates in the hydraulic system. The price of oil is quite high. Therefore, it is advisable to use regenerated oil from resources and improving the ecological situation.

A phenomenon of environmental security: categorical and conceptual approaches in the context of public governance

The article analyzes the phenomenon of environmental safety as one of the most important issues of today’s reality, which reflects the impact of human activity in various fields on the surrounding natural environment, which is an acute and urgent problem of our time, which actualizes the need for scientific understanding of the phenomena and processes of both global environmental changes and direct human influence on the state of the environment in the context of public management and regulation of the processes of ensuring the environmental security of national states and the entire world community. The purpose of the research is to elaborate and systematize scientific categories, concepts and definitions of the sphere of public management and administration, related to the issues of ensuring environmental safety. Due to the wide scientific attention and the intensity of the disclosure of the problems of the phenomenon of ecological safety in the scientific discourse, there is an inevitable conflict in the interpretation and understanding of certain scientific categories and definitions of a logical chain of concepts related to the root concept, which in this case is ecological safety. A certain solution to this scientific contradiction is the disclosure of the interrelationship of the main definitions of the categorical-conceptual apparatus of public administration in the context of scientific attention to two interdependent and at the same time relatively independent branches of the root concept of “environmental safety”, where the first considers the safety of a person and his life activities, proposed in this article. and the second is security in the state dimension. Some academic discourse on environmental security issues demonstrates different approaches and visions of related categories and concepts, but is unified in the understanding that in the modern philosophy of public management, the cornerstone of effective management should be sustainable development based on caring for nature, reducing the anthropological burden on the noosphere, rational use of natural resources with a gradual transition from hydrocarbon energy to renewable, balanced human interaction with the living environment for future generations.

The Fifth All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference “Safe North – clean Arctic”.

The Fifth All-Russian Research-to-Practice Conference (with international participation) “Safe North - Clean Arctic” was held on April 13-14, 2023 at the Surgut State University. This traditional forum brought together 280 participants from various regions of Russia, as well as colleagues from Kazakhstan. The topics of the presentations (more than 80 reports in total) covered a wide range of issues: the study and conservation of biodiversity, the creation of bioresource collections, environmental monitoring, human ecology, rational use of natural resources, the formation of a comfortable and safe environment for human life in the northern regions. To the 85th anniversary of the birth of the founder of the Department of Ecology of Surgut State University, a round table “The scientific heritage of Professor Yu.V. Titov (1938-2001)" was organized. The round table participants discussed the role of Yu.V. Titov as an organizer of science and education in Ugra.

Презумпция в пользу устойчивого развития: эколого-правовой аспект

Introduction. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is aimed at minimizing modern threats to the universe, the natural environment, and man. The mobilization of financial resources, public administration, and environmental institutions for sustainable development should eliminate the consumer attitude of man toward nature and meet human needs in the context of rational use of natural resources, ensuring ecological balance for future generations. Instrumentally and meaningfully, such tasks are fixed by the principles of sustainable development, which regulate the principles, beliefs, and rules for action, predicting the provisions of sustainable development. The purpose of the study is to reveal the concept and meaning of the presumption in favor of sustainable development and the features of its implementation. Methods. The methods used in the research are analysis (allowed to determine the signs and the fundamental features of the concept of “presumption”), synthesis (used to generalize the typological features of presumptions), and the method of analogies (the identification of the meaning of “presumptions” from the study of legal relations, including examples of judicial enforcement). The comparative legal method of the study provided an analysis of the presumption in favor of sustainable development, regulated by the legislation of the United Kingdom, as well as the search for similar features in the Russian legislation. The formal legal method made it possible to identify the features and specifics of normative regulation and the implementation of presumption as a means of ensuring sustainable development. Results. Presumptions (refutable and irrefutable) as means of legal regulation and the implementation of environmental legislation represent an inference (argument, conclusion) from a specific fact in the form of a rational assumption in accordance with the principles and goals of sustainable development, through legislative consolidation or enforcement. Presumptions in favor of sustainable development are aimed at resolving socio-economic problems, problems of preserving a favorable environment, and natural resource potential in order to meet the needs of current and future generations of people; they ensure sustainable development in a three-dimensional interdependent dimension: social, economic, and environmental. The emphasizing of the “economic” component in decision-making in the field of social development is unacceptable and is not aimed at the implementation of environmental objectives that form the basis of sustainable development policy. Conclusions. The significance of the presumption in favor of sustainable development lies in the fact that sustainable development can be achieved through growth in its three-sided socioeconomic and environmental dimensions, with an emphasis on the environmental component. Another meaning of the presumption in favor of sustainable development, implemented in legal practice, is that it is not aimed at sustainable development in its traditional environmental purpose.

SECONDARY RESOURCES IN PRODUCTION OF COMPOSITE BUILDING MATERIALS BASED ON CEMENT

Link for citation: Kopanitsa N.O., Demyanenko O.V., Kulikova A.A., Tkach E.V., Shestakov N.I., Stepina I.V. Secondary resources in production of composite building materials based on cement. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 10, рр. 49-60. In Rus. The relevance of the research is caused by the importance of the problem of rational use of natural resources in production of composite building materials. The possibility of partial replacement of natural non-renewable raw materials used in the production of multi-ton concrete and mortar mixtures based on cement with secondary products from the production of various industries will solve the problems of: resource saving, energy consumption and ecology. The construction industry is the largest consumer of by-products of mining enterprises: overburden and waste from mining and processing enterprises, which is hundreds of millions of tons per year. The most studied are the issues related to their use as fine and coarse aggregates in concrete and mortar mixtures for various purposes. The expansion of the possibility of using secondary products of mining enterprises in the production of composite building materials is associated with the production of active mineral additives, fillers in concrete and mortar mixtures, as well as energetically active nanomodifiers. The use of by-products of different chemical composition and dispersion makes it possible to control the processes of structure formation and hardening of composite materials based on cement and to obtain composite materials with the required performance properties. The main goal of the research is to scientifically substantiate and investigate the possibility of using waste from mining enterprises as components in concrete and mortar mixtures based on cement. Objects: modifying additives based on secondary products; composite materials with enhanced performance properties. Methods: determination of the mobility of mixtures, normal density, hardening time, flexural and compressive strength according to SS; thermal analysis; electron microscopy, x-ray phase analysis, colorimetry. Results. The paper introduces the results of studies necessary for the scientific substantiation, development and implementation in the construction industry of the technology for production of building mortar mixtures obtained using secondary products of mining enterprises as well as the comparative results of studies on the effect of a complex additive of microcalcite and nano-SiO2 on the properties of cement systems. It is shown that the introduction of a complex additive increases the compressive strength of cement stone, reduces the consumption of cement without reducing its standard characteristics and improves the performance properties of concrete.

Research on an eco-safe filtration plant for wastewater treatment made of natural raw materials

Purpose. To develop a new eco-safe filtration plant for wastewater treatment based on natural and secondary raw materials, which will allow rational use of natural resources with further mathematical modeling of hydrodynamics of mixing treated wastewater in bioponds to predict removal of residual concentrations from the filter. Methodology. A complex of modern methods of theoretical and experimental research was used to solve the tasks. Concentration of pollutants was determined using methods of atomic adsorption spectroscopy, titrimetry and gravimetric methods, as well as pyrometric analysis. A laboratory installation was created, which included a receiving tank, a filter column, and a tank for collecting purified wastewater. Prediction of distribution and mixing of treated effluent in bioponds was carried out using mathematical and computer software. Findings. An environmentally safe filtration plant (containing sand, fallen leaves of linden, poplar, and plastic residues separated by a polymer mesh) was created to purify wastewater from suspended substances and nitrates. Kinetics of changes in concentration of suspended solids and nitrates in urban wastewater were studied. When using the filtration plant, concentration of suspended solids decreased by 85–92 %. Concentration of nitrates in purified water processed with such a plant is reduced from 12 to 0.25–0.05 mg/dm3. A mathematical model concerning distribution of purified water in a biopond was obtained, which allows predicting possible migration distributions of residual concentrations in purified water during its natural movement downstream. Originality. For the first time, influence of the species origin of fallen leaves on the performance indicators of wastewater filtration plant of urban sewage treatment constructions was investigated, which made it possible to substantiate a new way of disposal of this type of waste. For the first time, it was established that wastewater treatment using an eco-safe filtration plant based on natural and secondary raw materials, containing layers of sand, fallen oak, linden, and poplar leaves, gives an opportunity to reduce contents of suspended solids in wastewater by 1.5 times of the maximum permissible concentration; and such treatment also reduces concentration of nitrates by 4 times from the initial level. Pollutants from wastewater are mechanically fixed in pockets (microcracks, cracks) of fallen leaves, formed during drying of leaves, which is explained by hardening of intercellular spaces with formation of a specific geometry of holes. For the first time, mathematical modeling of purified wastewater movement in a biological pond with a complex geometry was performed, which allows estimating the concentration of the pollutant at its outlet from the pond. Practical value. The created environmentally safe wastewater filtration plant gives an opportunity to perform not only filtering, but also an effective biological purification of wastewater from nitrates on the surface of layers of fallen leaves. The wide use of the proposed installation will allow attracting plastic of polyethylene bottles used in everyday life as a secondary raw material. Based on the proposed mathematical model of movement of purified liquid containing residual concentrations of pollutants, it is possible to carry out qualitative forecasting and optimization of the process of cascade wastewater treatment at industrial and economic enterprises.

Efficiency of the best available techniques in water utilization on water management site of the river Tom (Tomsk, Novosibirsk)

The modern system of water resource management is based on the principles of best available techniques (BAT) in economy and other activities. It implies rational use of natural resources, their protection from harmful effects, creation of the integrated system for the natural resource–economy system. Shortcomings of the economic regulation in water management can be overcome by intensifying the transition to technological regulation via BAT. At present, the first stage of the implementing this system in Russia is completed in the field of environmental protection to minimize the negative environmental impact, including water resource management. The paper analyzes practical activities of water users to assess its effectiveness for the years 2019–2021 on the example of the Tom river from Kemerovo to its mouth in the Tomsk region. Positive trends in water quality are described. The development of the water-ecological situation in the study area is predicted. The obtained results will allow optimizing the water use in the region.

Innovativeness and Business Process Planning of Startups in the Context of Green Energy Transition

The aim of the artice. Taking into account the urgent need of rebuilding the national economy and energy system after the war destruction on the principles of green energy transition, it is extremely important to develop the startup movement in the field of alternative & renewable energy. The active implementation of the principles of an innovation-oriented circular economy requires significant and well-thought-out reforms in both economic relations and technology advancement. In this context, it is important to actively implement the concept of sustainable development, ensure the promotion of environmentally friendly goods and services on the market, and minimize the consumption of traditional fossil fuels, as well as the use of agricultural land for growing fuel crops. Thus, the purpose of the study is to analyze the innovativeness of business processes of national startups in the field of green alternative energy and to substantiate the peculiarities of business planning of environmentally friendly startup projects in the context of the green energy transition (also associated with the concepts of the renewable energy transition and the green deal). Analysis results. The paper explores business processes in the field of green startups, describes in detail the author's Bioenergy-Startup project, and substantiates its Business Model Canvas. The Bioenergy-Startup project has a positive environmental and economic effect and makes it possible to significantly reduce toxicant emissions from vehicle engines and diesel-fueled boiler plants. The project is also aimed at greening the country's economy by reducing the technogenic load on agricultural land through the use of fat-containing production waste, promoting the rational use of natural resources, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the emissions of so-called black carbon. Using the Bioenergy-Startup project as an example, the authors proposed a framework for implementing a startup, starting from the creation of the Business Model Canvas and taking into account the levels of technological innovation and risks. In creating this framework, the authors took into account, in particular, the Customer Development and Lean Startup methodologies, the work of domestic scientists, as well as their own experience in the field of innovative entrepreneurship. During the implementation of the Bioenergy-Startup project, one of the main tasks from the marketing point of view was to create and communicate to the target audience significant competitive environmentally friendly advantages that are not only consistent with the concept of sustainable development and a green (circular) economy but also provide an opportunity to save valuable natural resources, promote the decarbonization of industry and transport, prevent climate change on the planet, etc. Conclusions and directions for further research. To accomplish this task, the authors have developed a marketing strategy for promoting the innovative products of the Bioenergy-Startup, as well as a specific algorithm for promoting the startup's innovative products, a schematic representation of which is given in the paper.

GEOGRAPHICAL EDUCATION AND SCIENCE AT LVIV UNIVERSITY: HISTORY AND ТODAY

The history of geographical education and science at Lviv University is considered. The Austrian scientist Beltazar Hacquet should be considered the forerunner of geography at the university. In 1882, Emperor Franz Joseph issued an order to establish a geography department at the university's philosophy faculty, and in 1883, the education of geographers began. In 1911, the geography department was called the Institute of Geography, and later again the department. In 1945, the faculty of geography was created with four departments: general and physical geography, regional physical geography, economic geography, and geodesy and cartography. The bibliographic data of famous scientists who worked at the geography faculty in different years are presented. The formation and development of geography at Lviv University is associated with such famous figures as Antony Reman, Hryhoriy Velychko, Stepan Rudnytskyi, Yuriy Polyanskyi, Olena Stepaniv, Petro Tsis, Kalenyk Gerenchuk, Opanas Vashchenko, Havrylo Miller, Fedir Zastavnyi, Anatoliy Melnyk, Bohdan Mukha, Myron Kit, Semen Kukurudza, Oleg Shablii, Yaroslav Kravchuk, and others. The history of the formation and development of structural divisions of the Faculty of Geography is described. Currently, the faculty is a powerful educational and scientific institution that includes nine departments: geoecology and physical geography, economic and social geography, geomorphology and paleogeography, rational use of natural resources and protection of nature, geography of Ukraine, soil science and geography of soils, constructive geography and cartography, tourism, and hotel and restaurant business and food technologies.The educational process is provided by 116 lecturers, of whom 16 are doctors of science, professors and 86 candidates of science, associate professors. For their significant personal contribution to the development of geographical education and science, many teachers received the honorary titles of “Honored Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine”, “Honored Worker of Education of Ukraine”, “Honored Professor of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv”. Keywords: geography; education; science; Lviv University; Faculty of Geography; chair; scientist; research.

Organic agriculture in the function of sustainable development of rural areas of the Republic of Srpska

Organic agriculture in the function of sustainable development of rural areas of the Republic of Srpska