Rational Planning Research Articles

A spatiotemporal distribution prediction model for electric vehicles charging load in transportation power coupled network.

With increasing demand of electric vehicles (EVs), problems such as insufficient EV charging piles and unreasonable layout of EV charging stations are also becoming prominent. New challenges are introduced to the planning of urban EV charging infrastructures. To effectively plan the charging facilities, accurately predicting EV charging loads is essential. The present study proposes a spatio-temporal distribution prediction model for EV charging loads in transportation-power coupled network (TPCN). First, path planning is performed separately using the Dijkstra algorithm and refined origin-destination (OD) probability matrix based on the travel characteristics of various vehicle types. The charging selection model is then formulated considering multiple compelling factors, such as transportation conditions, ambient temperature, rest days and so on. Furthermore, the transportation-power coupled network is established based on the graph-theoretic analysis approach, and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of charging loads are predicted by Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, a case study is conducted in an actual urban region. The results show that EV charging load presents significant differences in different functional areas, different time periods and scenarios, and the proposed method can accurately predict the spatial-temporal distribution of charging load. This study represents a reliable approach for predicting charging demand in a certain region, and also provides powerful support for the rational planning of EV charging stations.

Developing a set of key principles for care planning within older adult care homes: study protocol for a modified Delphi survey

BackgroundOlder adult care homes in England are required to develop care plans on behalf of each of their residents and to make these documents available to those who provide care....

Analysis of Research Waste in Phase III/IV Randomized Controlled Trials of Botulinum Toxin Type A.

The application of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) outcomes of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) to actual patient care faces a significant hurdle due to research waste (RW). This includes the results of RCTs that have not been published even 4 years after completion and those with insufficiently reported outcomes and design flaws. The prevalence of RW within BoNT-A-associated RCTs remains uncertain. To assess the extent of RW (non-publication, insufficient reporting, and design flaws) in BoNT-A RCTs. The authors searched the ClinicalTrials using 'botulinum toxin type A' as the keyword. They verified the publication status through PubMed and Scopus searches. The adequacy of reporting was assessed using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials checklist, while design limitations were evaluated based on the risk of bias and systematic reviews. Two hundred twenty-eight RCTs met the inclusion criteria for characteristics presentation. The RW analysis omitted 53 RCTs completed after June 2020, which remained unpublished. Of the 175 RCTs assessed, 98 were published, 71 demonstrated adequate reporting, and 25 had design limitations. Altogether, 118 RCTs (67.4%) exhibited at least 1 trait of RW. Multicenter designs and registrations post-2014 were independent protective factors against RW. Within the 175 RCTs included in RW analysis, 67.4% of the studies presented some form of RW. The varied characteristics of the identified RW indicators offer essential insights for more rational planning of future BoNT-A RCTs.

Groundwater quality mapping based on the Wilcox Classification method for agricultural purposes: Qazvin Plain aquifer case

Water quality is an essential component in managing surface and groundwater resources and for various uses; it is considered a necessary principle in planning. This study aims to map the groundwater quality of the Qazvin Plain aquifer in Iran for agricultural use based on the Wilcox classification method. For this purpose, the parameters of electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of wells in the years 2015-2018 have been used. For interpolation, the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method with optimal power and Kriging geostatistical techniques were used based on spherical, exponential, and Gaussian semicircle algorithms. Electrical conductivity and SAR maps were drawn in the GIS platform after selecting the best interpolation method due to minor errors. The Wilcox method was used to classify the water quality of the studied wells. In most cases, the IDW method with optimal power was selected as the superior interpolation method. During the study, the results obtained from the water quality maps showed that the level attributed to the "high salinity" water class increased from 25.98 to 36.44, and the level attributed to the "slightly salty" water class decreased from 12.54 to 3.14. Finally, the results showed that the quality of underground water for agricultural purpose in the Qazvin Plain aquifer became more unfavourable during the studied period

Analyzing Urban Parks for Older Adults’ Accessibility in Summer Using Gradient Boosting Decision Trees: A Case Study from Tianjin, China

With the acceleration of global aging, outdoor environments, especially urban green space’s planning and design, play a crucial role in not only promoting physical health but also significantly increasing the opportunities for social interactions for older adults. In recent years, the study of age-friendly outdoor environments has attracted increasing attention, with digital methods emerging as essential tools due to their precision and versatility. In this research, three parks in the Nankai District, Tianjin, are taken as the subject of a case study to explore the spatial factors that may exert influence on the behavior distribution of older adults in summery urban parks’ planning and design. With the behavior data of the older adults in the park collected using an Insta360 camera every hour (from 8 a.m. to 15 p.m.), the three parks are divided into a total of 49 areas for further analysis. Additionally, the visual indexes of the spatial syntax are analyzed with Depthmap 10, the sunlight conditions are analyzed with the Tangent model, and some other spatial factors, such as the green space ratio and the hard ground ratio, are calculated according to the semantic segmentation of the 360-degree panoramic view photo from the center of every area. SPSS and Gradient Boosting Decision Trees (GBDTs) are used to reveal not only the correlations between the sunlight conditions and the behavior distribution of behavior of the older adults, but also the importance ranking of spatial factors. Furthermore, some improvement strategies are proposed for spatial facility configuration, park furniture arrangement, rational hardscape planning, as well as greening and landscape design. By exploring how to improve the spatial planning and design of summery urban green space for older adults, this research provides guidance on the creation of urban green spaces in extremely hot weather that are not only visually appealing but also socially equitable and environmentally sustainable.

Project activities as a tool for structural modernization and technological sovereignty of the Russian energy sector. Part 2

Subject. The article addresses the compliance with the principles of strategic planning at the federal level. Objectives. The study aims to assess the quality of project activities in the energy sector in the light of new economic sanctions. Methods. The study rests on the comparative and logical analysis. Results. The paper established that the documents forming the basis of strategic planning system are not able to act as an effective tool for structural modernization and technological sovereignty of the fuel and energy complex of Russia. Conclusions. Each document discussed in the article must be fully consistent with the key principles of strategic planning.

Research on the Impact of Fiscal Subsidies on High-Quality Development of New Energy Vehicle Companies Based on Threshold Effects

In recent years, China has made significant strides in developing the new energy vehicle industry, providing substantial financial support to this sector. The production and sales of new energy vehicles have experienced explosive growth, accompanied by notable improvements in technology and product quality. However, as the industry evolved, the effectiveness of financial subsidies in enhancing the production and technological capabilities of enterprises has gradually diminished. To foster the rapid development of new energy vehicle enterprises and facilitate the rational planning of relevant government financial subsidies, this study utilizes data from listed Chinese new energy vehicle companies spanning from 2017 to 2022 to investigate the intrinsic relationship between financial subsidies and the quality development of enterprises. The study reveals several key findings. First, when fiscal subsidies are maintained within a reasonable range, they significantly enhance the quality development of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). However, once this threshold is surpassed, further increases in fiscal subsidies do not promote quality development of enterprises, a phenomenon that does not apply to non-state enterprises. Second, the threshold effect of financial subsidies on quality development is particularly pronounced between newly listed companies and those listed for more than three years. Third, for SOEs, financial subsidies play a critical role in fostering high-quality development by boosting R&D investment; this relationship is not observed in non-SOEs. Consequently, this study advocates the establishment of differentiated financial support policies for the new energy vehicle industry to maximize their effectiveness.

A study on the effects of dispersion coefficient on groundwater pollutant transport simulation.

A comprehensive scientific analysis of temporal and spatial fluctuations of pollutants during the migration of groundwater is essential for precisely predicting their dispersion patterns and promoting rational regional development planning. In this research paper, a field radial dispersion test was conducted in decentralized drinking water sources downstream of the Fu Tuan River basin in Rizhao City, Shandong Province, China (FRSC). Chloride ion (Cl-) solution was utilized as a tracer for the experiment. The longitudinal dispersion coefficient ( ) was determined by standard curve matching and using straight-line graphical methods. Additionally, the impact of on pollutant transport was investigated by creating the MT3DMS solute transport model with the help of GMS 10.4 software. The results indicate that the of the submerged aquifer varies depending on the distance from the source well in the main runoff direction. At distances of 10 and 15m, the values of were observed to be 0.56m and 0.88m, respectively. Moreover, when these observed values of are used as simulation parameters in solute transport modeling on the same space-time scale, the hydrodynamic dispersion effect exhibited by the well is found to be weaker than the actual hydrodynamic dispersion effect.

Study on the Stage Method of the Water Environmental Capacity Flood Season in the Ningxia Section of the Yellow River

The rational use of the water environmental resources of the main stream of the Yellow River, which is the mother river of the Chinese nation, and the control of and reduction in water environmental pollution, especially in relation to water quality safety, have become important issues that must be considered in Ningxia’s economic and social development. Due to the influence of monsoons, river runoff in most of the river basins in China is mainly concentrated in the flood season, and its distribution is extremely uneven within and among years. Therefore, an analysis of the seasonal change law of heavy rainfall and flooding and a scientific and rational staging of the flood season can fully demonstrate the comprehensive benefits of the river and also address the inevitable need to master and utilize the capacity of the water environment. In this study, the abundant, level, and absent year division of the Ningxia section of the main stream of the Yellow River was carried out using the percentage of parity and the guarantee rate methods. Several commonly used flood periods staging methods were studied, and their applicable conditions were preliminarily analyzed. The research results not only provide a reference for the relevant management departments, a decision-making basis for rational planning, and the scientific and appropriate development of river basins but they also have scientific research significance.

Spatial-temporal dynamics and driving factors of urban construction land in mega cross-river mountain cities: A case study of Chongqing's central urban area, China.

The evolutionary model of construction land serves as a fundamental pillar in national spatial development and planning research. However, previous studies have overlooked the "climbing" mode of construction land on three-dimensional terrains. To address this issue, utilizing elevation data and land use data from 2010 to 2020, this study employs slope analysis, intensity analysis, spatio-temporal transformation, and PLUS model to elucidate the spatial expansion process and driving forces of urban construction land in Chongqing from both two-dimensional and three-dimensional perspectives. The findings indicate that: (1) From a three-dimensional topographical standpoint, between 2010 and 2012, construction land gradually expanded towards low-slope areas, whereas between 2012 and 2020, it progressively extended into high-slope regions. (2) Regarding land type conversion patterns, the shift from arable land to construction land demonstrates a systematic inclination, while other transformations exhibit absolute or relative tendencies. Conversely, the conversion from construction land to arable land also displays a systematic pattern. (3) Since 2010, the growth process of construction land has transitioned from slow-equilibrium to rapid-disequilibrium with an expanding spatial disparity. (4) Most areas maintain relatively stable spatial conditions without significant jumps or transitions observed. (5) The expansion of construction land in Chongqing is primarily influenced by terrain, river, tunnel, rail transit, and other factors. The outcomes of this study can provide scientific foundations and decision-making references for rational planning in similar cities characterized by mountainous landscapes intersected by rivers.

Grazing on the Tibetan plateau currently exceeds the safe boundary of its ecosystem services.

Under the influence of climate warming, overgrazing may exacerbate ecosystem degradation. To determine the safe grazing boundaries and potential degradation areas in different regions. The study used the Generalize Linear Model (GLM) to assess the combined effects of drought and grazing on the ecosystem services of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), and identified safe grazing boundaries and overgrazing areas. The study indicated that, except in arid regions (25.58 Mu/km2), the average safe grazing boundary in other areas exceeded 50 Mu/km2. Under the influence of drought, between 2000 and 2018, an average of 28.65% of the TP's grazing intensity exceeded the safe boundary of ecosystem services, mainly in the central parts of the semi-arid, semi-humid, and humid/semi-humid regions. The results suggest that determining safe grazing boundaries can help in the rational planning of grazing intensity and space, promoting the efficient use of ecological resources and providing a reference for the sustainable development of the TP.

The Enlightenment and Reference of Finland’s Special Education Financial Model to China

This study aims to investigate the financial system of special education in Finland and explore the implications of Finland’s experience for China. The research methods include literature review and statistical data analysis. The main issues include allocating special education funds, management models, and their effects between the two countries. This article compares the financial background and current situation of special education in China and Finland, pointing out challenges such as insufficient funding, uneven resource allocation, and shortage of professional personnel in China. By comparison, Finland adopts an inclusive education fiscal system that emphasizes fairness and efficiency. Through centralized financial support and flexible resource allocation, it has achieved high-quality development of special education. China can learn from Finland’s experience in rational planning of financial investment and improvement of policy support, to enhance the quality and equity of its special education and improve China’s national policy on special education. Summarizing Finland’s experience and providing insights for China, it is recommended that China learn from Finland’s successful practices in funding, resource allocation, audit evaluation, and professional training to optimize the use of special education resources and enhance educational equity and quality.

Peculiarities of Public Spaces Perception by Muscovites with Limited Mobility (Based on Two Urban Locations)

This article analyses the accessibility of the urban environment for various groups of people with limited mobility. Moscow is considered a complex space that includes “old”, historically developed and “new”, modern territories, which, however, do not have clear zoning and, within the Moscow Ring Road, are located nearby, and often inside the “old”. Many groups of Muscovites with limited mobility are narrowed to people with disabilities with musculoskeletal problems, elderly citizens, and mothers with children. The basis for such abstraction was the institutional definitions of people with limited mobility contained in the laws of the Russian Federation. The empirical study consists of three complementary parts. Stress tests were conducted for elderly citizens, which made it possible to identify the main difficulties with the accessibility of the urban environment and attitudes towards them. The article also analyses the accessibility of the "old" Moscow space using the example of the Aeroport metro station for elderly people and mothers with children over five years old. Problems in the planned and declared inclusiveness of the new space are identified using the example of Zaryadye Park. It is shown that the urban environment of Moscow can be considered as possessing subjectivity (in accordance with the definition of B. Latour), since it determines the life of people with limited mobility. Different priorities of the inclusiveness of the environment for temporarily and permanently disabled people, as well as for different age groups, are revealed. The analysis of new spaces showed that modern design, taking into account the requirements of inclusiveness, did not manage to avoid obstacles for people with limited mobility. The authors conclude that there is a need for a broad study of various groups of permanently and temporarily mobile citizens, of their interests, priorities, value systems and prospects for coordinating these interests in the design of a modern urban environment, especially in such a complex space as Moscow. The authors believe that the results obtained can be applied both in the development of Moscow urban planning and in the development of general urban planning principles.

A relação entre as vias de comunicação e o Planejamento Urbano Pombalino na cidade de Cáceres – MT

This article investigates the influence of waterways on the urban development of Cáceres-MT, during the Pombalino period, analyzing the river as a central element in the territorial planning promoted by the Portuguese crown. Focusing on the strategic role of the Paraguay River, we analyzed how this communication route influenced the urban layout of the then Vila Maria do Paraguay, outlined according to the urban planning principles of Marquês de Pombal. The central objective is to investigate the relationship between the Paraguay River and the spatial organization of Cáceres, contextualizing Pombalino urbanism and its impact on the formation of the city. The methodology is based on bibliographical review and documentary analysis, including historical maps and architectural records, which allows a comparison between the theoretical principles of urbanism and their practical application in Cáceres. It is concluded that the urban planning of Cáceres was structured around the waterways, reflecting the political and economic interests of the Portuguese Crown and consolidating the city as a strategic point on the western border of colonial Brazil.

Alinhamento do Programa Estratégico de Sistemas Espaciais (PESE) à Estratégia Nacional de Defesa (END)

This research had as objective analyzing to what extent the Strategic Program of Space Systems (PESE) influences the fulfillment of the strategic objective defined as the priority of aerial surveillance, established for the Brazilian Air Force (FAB) in the National Defense Strategy (END). Due to the characteristics of both documents, the theoretical basis was mainly based on the principles of strategic planning. The Value Focused Thinking (VFT) theory and the techniques of the content analysis provided support for data collection and structuring. Initially, the methodology consisted of a documentary research in order to define the concept of aerial surveillance. Subsequently, a hierarchy of objectives was constructed, composed of the strategic objective of the END and intermediate objectives. The measurement of the contribution of the PESE to the accomplishment of the intermediate objectives was obtained applying the principles of the VFT. Finally, these measures were integrated in order to identify the contribution of the PESE to the strategic objective of the END, resulting in a value index of 0.567. The data were interpreted and analyzed in light of the principles of strategic planning and it was concluded that the main contributions of the PESE are related to the strengthening of the national industry, the monitoring of areas of interest from space and the network operation between the Armed Forces (FA). On the other hand, the PESE contributes little to the issues related to obtaining access to space and the integration of space activities into FAB operations, through the Brazilian Aerospace Defense System (SISDABRA).

Research on the Spatial Planning and Comprehensive Development of Modern Railway Station Based on the Development of Station-City Collaboration

With the increasing urbanization characteristics of railway station buildings, the comprehensive development of station space has become an opportunity for the coordinated development of transportation and city. Under the guidance of station and city coordination, on the one hand, through the rational planning of station space, introducing urban functions, can effectively revitalize the land resources, increase the sustainable development of the railway industry; on the other hand, the development of station space can help the organic combination of railway traffic advantages and regional resources, promote the station and underground space planning, and play its social effect and economic benefits, and urban group development. This is not only the connotation of the coordinated development of the city, but also a positive response to the sustainable development of the city.

Regression Forecast of Hong Kong Passenger Flow Based on Baidu Index

Accurate forecasting of tourist arrivals is crucial for rational planning and resource allocation in the urban tourism industry. In recent years, scholars have found that web search data is correlated with tourism demand, providing new opportunities for such forecasting. This study aims to improve the accuracy of forecasting Hong Kong tourist arrivals by utilizing web search data and advanced machine learning methods. First, this paper employs large-scale web crawling techniques to collect text data related to Hong Kong tourism and applies the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model to extract 15 key keywords. Subsequently, based on the search popularity data of these keywords on the Baidu Index, the study employs the ARIMA model and the Elastic Net Regression algorithm respectively for tourist arrival forecasting and compares the performance of the two models. The results show that compared to the traditional ARIMA model, the Elastic Net Regression performs better on multiple key indicators: 1) The Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of forecasting total visitor arrivals and overnight visitors are significantly smaller for the Elastic Net Regression; 2) The coefficient of determination (R²) of the Elastic Net Regression is also substantially higher than the ARIMA model, indicating stronger data fitting capability; 3) The Elastic Net Regression maintains a small error gap between the training and test sets, suggesting good generalization performance without obvious overfitting. Overall, the method of using web search data to assist tourist arrival forecasting outperforms traditional time series analysis and can improve forecasting accuracy.

Changes in Ginkgo biloba L.’s Habitat Due to Climate Change in China

Ginkgo biloba L. was named by Carl Linnaeus in 1771; a “living fossil” with immense medicinal and conservation value, it is a nationally first-class protected wild plant. However, many Ginkgo populations are under threat from habitat destruction, human exploitation, and over-harvesting, which have limited their numbers and range. Using an optimized MaxEnt model in R, this study analyzed Ginkgo distribution points and 22 ecological factors in China to explore the key environmental factors affecting its geographical distribution. The study also predicted the spatial distribution patterns and centroid changes of potential suitable areas under three different carbon emission pathways: current conditions, 2021–2040 (2030s), 2041–2060 (2050s), and 2061–2080 (2070s). The findings are as follows: (1) The optimal combination of model parameters (RM = 3.2, FC = LPH) reduced model complexity and overfitting and achieved very high prediction accuracy with an optimized AUC value of 0.928. (2) The key environmental factors influencing Ginkgo growth include precipitation in the driest month (20–175 mm), minimum temperature in the coldest month (−4 to 3 °C), precipitation in the hottest quarter (450–2500 mm), and a temperature seasonal variation deviation greater than 580. (3) Under the three future climate scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585), the potential suitable habitat area for Ginkgo in China was increased, with the distribution range migrating to higher latitudes, Under the three different development models, the total suitable area followed this order: SSP126 > SSP245 > SSP585. Highly and moderately suitable areas are concentrated in the Yangtze River Basin. This study is highly significant for the ecological protection of Ginkgo, aiding in the rational planning of potential suitable areas, enhancing the monitoring of key conservation areas, and developing effective protection strategies in a timely manner.

A “Pipeline”-Based Approach for Automated Construction of Geoscience Knowledge Graphs

With the development of technology, Earth Science has entered a new era. Continuous research has generated a large amount of Earth Science data, including a significant amount of semi-structured and unstructured data, which contain information about locations, geographical concepts, geological characteristics of mineral deposits, and relationships. Efficient management of these Earth Science data is crucial for the development of digital earth systems, rational planning of resource industries, and resource security. By representing entities, relationships, and attributes through graph structures, knowledge graphs capture and present concepts and facts about the real world, facilitating efficient data management. However, due to the highly specialized and complex nature of Earth Science data and disciplinary differences, the methods used to construct general-purpose knowledge graphs cannot be directly applied to building knowledge graphs in the field of geological science. Therefore, this paper summarizes a “pipeline” approach to constructing an Earth Science knowledge graph in order to clarify the complete construction process and reduce barriers between data and technology. This approach divides the construction of the Earth Science knowledge graph into two parts and designs functional modules under each part to specify the construction process of the knowledge graph. In addition to proposing this approach, a knowledge graph of iron ore deposits is automatically constructed by integrating geographic and geological data related to iron ore deposits using deep learning techniques. The systematic approach presented in this paper reduces the threshold for constructing geological science knowledge graphs, provides methodological support for specific disciplines or research objects in Earth Science, and also lays the foundation for the construction of large-scale Earth Science knowledge graphs that combine crowdsourcing and expert decision-making, as well as the development of intelligent question-answering systems and intelligent decision-making systems covering the entire field of Earth Science.

Conceptual model of land use restrictions formation

One of the most important mechanisms for ensuring efficient and sustainable use of land resources is land use planning. Improving the balance of land use, in particular in the formation of restrictions, requires an integrated approach, including rational land use planning, legislative and regulatory regulation, ensuring environmental sustainability, social significance, infrastructure development, stakeholder involvement and guaranteeing their property and use rights, and the introduction of modern technologies. The purpose of this study is to present the ideology of building a conceptual model of land use restrictions. In the course of this study, the methods of factor and system analysis, as well as complex analysis were used. By the method of structural and functional modeling, a conceptual model of the formation of restrictions on land use was obtained.