Rational Management Of Water Resources Research Articles

Research on Runoff Prediction Based on Time2Vec-TCN-Transformer Driven by Multi-Source Data

Due to the frequent occurrence of extreme weather in recent years, accurate runoff prediction is crucial for the rational planning and management of water resources. Addressing the high uncertainty and multiple influencing factors in runoff prediction, this paper proposes a runoff prediction method driven by multi-source data. Based on multivariate observed data of runoff, water level, temperature, and precipitation, a Time2Vec-TCN-Transformer model is proposed for runoff prediction research and compared with LSTM, TCN, and TCN-Transformer models. The results show that the Time2Vec-TCN-Transformer model outperforms other models in metrics including MAE, RRMSE, MAPE, and NSE, demonstrating higher prediction accuracy and reliability. By effectively combining Time2Vec, TCN, and Transformer, the proposed model improves the MAPE for forecasting 1–4 days in the future by approximately 7% compared to the traditional LSTM model and 4% compared to the standalone TCN model, while maintaining NSE consistently between 0.9 and 1. This model can better capture the periodicity, long-term scale information, and relationships among multiple variables of runoff data, providing reliable predictive support for flood forecasting and water resources management.

Rock moisture reinforces belowground water storage under different precipitation scenarios and vegetation coverage

Rock moisture is rarely deliberated but crucial for hydrologic regulation in semiarid loess hilly regions. In this study, using in-situ monitoring observation and simulation, soil and rock moisture spatiotemporal variations under planting alfalfa and caragana were analyzed and sketched, and the water storage contributions by weathered bedrock layers (WBLs) under different rainwater scenarios were then simulated and estimated. The results showed that WBLs had apparent spatiotemporal changes in water distribution and storage with rainfall events. Under water scarcity scenarios, WBLs increased the variabilities of water storage, with an average increase of 89.9 % in alfalfa and 14.2 % in caragana, providing wider water supply boundaries for vegetation. However, higher volumetric water content was presented under relatively abundant water scenarios. The average soil water content was 0.08 cm3 cm−3 in alfalfa and 0.09 cm3 cm−3 in caragana, while the average rock water content was 0.12 cm3 cm−3 in alfalfa and 0.13 cm3 cm−3 in caragana. Profile water consumption goes to surface soil evaporation and plant transpiration over an entire growing season, while extrawater would be stored in WBLs to maintain vegetation growth during the water-scarce seasons. Moreover, water storage had a positive linear relationship with the thickness of WBLs. Rock water storage increased by 6.9 % in alfalfa and 3.7 % in caragana after adding 20 cm WBLs, while it increased by 23.6 % in alfalfa and 9.9 % in caragana after adding 50 cm WBLs. Furthermore, various exogenous rainwater simulations showed that differences in water storage were significantly increased with WBLs thickness. This study would provide new insights into the deep-rooted plant distribution planning in semiarid loess hilly regions, and could also be helpful for the rational water resources utilization and management in shallow soil areas.

The Ecological Design of Marine Urban Green Space Plant Landscaping Based on the Concept of Sustainability.

With global climate change and accelerating urbanization, marine cities face unique environmental challenges. Ecological landscape creation is a form of design planning guided by the disciplines of landscape ecology and ecological aesthetics in the process of urban planning and construction. It seeks a design that can maintain the virtuous cycle of the ecosystem and at the same time maintain the spatial equilibrium of the dynamic development of urban landscapes, so as to make them have good ecological functions and corridor functions. The aim of this study is to explore the ecological design methods of plant landscaping in marine urban green spaces under the concept of sustainability. We first reviewed the concept of sustainable development and its application to urban green space design, especially the special requirements in the marine urban environment. This research focuses on how to select plant species that are adapted to the marine climate and how to promote biodiversity, enhance ecosystem services, and improve the quality of life of urban residents through eco-design approaches. Through the analysis of a number of domestic and international cases of green spaces in marine cities, we found that effective eco-design is not only about choosing the right plant species but also includes the rational management of water resources, soil protection, and ecosystem restoration, among other aspects. This study also points out that public participation and interdisciplinary cooperation play a crucial role in the ecological design process. Finally, this paper carries out a specific analysis of the landscape model landscape evaluation system for the ecological design of plant landscaping in marine urban green spaces and experimentally verifies that, compared with other styles, the experience of the European-style landscape is good overall. However, the view openness rating of the European style landscape is only about 0.42, and the best plant landscaping is the mixed mode of alkali poncho and salt poncho. This study aims to provide a practical reference and guidance for urban planners, landscape architects, and environmentalists.

GRANTS FOR SURFACE CATCHMENT IN THE MICROREGION OF ALTO PARAGUAI, MATO GROSSO

The research aimed to define the profile of grants of the right to use water resources for surface abstraction in the Microregion of Alto Paraguai, Mato Grosso state. In the investigation, files in KML format and electronic spreadsheets were used with information regarding the granting processes for surface capture, obtained from the GeoPortal of the State Secretariat for the Environment of Mato Grosso (SEMA-MT). In addition, vector files were used with territorial and municipal limits, available in the cartographic databases of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. To compare the volumes granted and those available for surface abstraction in the mentioned microregion, the Integrated Environmental Monitoring and Licensing System (SIMLAM) was adopted. Then, applying the filters in the EXCEL spreadsheet, the various activities were classified, as well as their respective water demands were quantified. Thus, the profile of grants was divided into three groups: Animal husbandry, Irrigation and others remaining purposes. The results indicated that the municipality of Santo Afonso is the most worrying in the microregion with a maximum reference flow close to 0.6 m3∙s- 1, considered low for an agricultural profile. It should be emphasized that in some surface catchment points in this municipality, the value of 60% of the reference flow for total consumptive uses was reached. Therefore, it is inferred that in this municipality there are limitations to developing agricultural activities and carrying out rational and sustainable management of water resources. The methodology adopted in this study made it possible to define the profile of grants of the right to use water resources for surface abstraction in the Alto Paraguai Microregion, Mato Grosso.

Fuzzy logic control for watering system

A two-dimensional finite element (FEM) model was developed to simulate water propagation in soil during irrigation. The first dimension was water distribution depth in soil, and the second dimension was time. The developed model was tested by analyzing water distribution in a conventional (clock-controlled) irrigation model. The values in the conventional model were calculated based on the literature. The results were consistent with the results obtained from the model. In the next step, a fuzzy logic model for irrigation control was developed. The input variables were ambient temperature, soil moisture content and time of day (which is related to solar radiation and evapotranspiration), and the output variable was irrigation intensity. The fuzzy logic control (FLC) model was tested by simulating water distribution in soil and comparing water consumption in both models. The study demonstrated that the depth of the soil moisture sensor affected water use in the fuzzy logic-controlled irrigation system relative to the conventional model. Water consumption was reduced by around 12% when the soil moisture sensor was positioned at an optimal depth, but it increased by around 20% when sensor depth was not optimal. The extent to which the distribution of fuzzy variables affects irrigation performance was examined, and the analysis revealed that inadequate distribution of fuzzy variables in the irrigation control system can increase total water consumption by up to 38% relative to the conventional model. It can be concluded that a fuzzy logic-controlled irrigation system can reduce water consumption, but the system’s operating parameters should be always selected based on an analysis of local conditions to avoid an unintended increase in water use. A well-designed FLC can decrease water use in agriculture (thus contributing to rational management of scarce water resources), decrease energy consumption, and reduce the risk of crop pollution with contaminated groundwater.

The changing characteristics of propagation time from meteorological drought to hydrological drought in the Yangtze River basin, China

Understanding the drought propagation from meteorological drought (MD) to hydrological drought (HD) can help assist in the drought early warning and reduce drought related losses. Propagation time is a significant variable in describing drought propagation. In this study, we identify the MD and HD using the three-dimensional drought identification method to reflect the drought characteristics over temporally continuous periods and spatially adjacent areas. Then, we calculate the drought propagation time by considering the spatio-temporal overlaps between MD and HD events, which can provide further insight to reveal the drought propagation process in both time and space. Specifically, we consider the propagation time of interval of the start (△Ts), peak (△Tp), and end (△Te) time between a paired MD event and HD event, respectively. The propagation process from MD to HD is investigated during 1961–2015 in the Yangtze River basin, China. Results indicate that the majority (>70%) of HD events are well matched with the majority (>70%) of MD events, and there are decomposed effect and joint effect during the propagation process from MD to HD. A stronger link between HD events and MD events with higher matching rate of MD and HD events is observed in autumn (SON) than the remaining three seasons. We find that the MD events in Yangtze River basin generally need 2 to 4 months to propagate to the HD events, and such response time from MD to HD events is becoming longer in most subbasins as the propagation time (△Ts, △Tp, and △Te) show a significant increasing trend. The results in our study can help understand the drought development and the drought propagation, and are also helpful for water managers to make rational water resources management decisions.

River ecological flow early warning forecasting using baseflow separation and machine learning in the Jiaojiang River Basin, Southeast China

Ecological flow early warning is crucial for the rational management of watershed water resources. However, determining of accurate ecological flow threshold and choosing the appropriate forecasting model are challenging tasks. In this study, we initially developed a baseflow separation and Tennant method-based technique for calculating ecological river flow. Then an ecological flow early warning model was created using the machine learning technique based on distributed gradient enhancement framework (LightGBM). Finally, we utilized the framework of Shapley Additive Planning (SHAP) to explain how various hydrometeorological factors affect the variations in ecological flow conditions. The Jiaojiang River basin in southeast China is selected as the study area, and the hydrological stations in upstream of Baizhiao (BZA) and Shaduan (SD) are chosen for key analysis. The results of these applications show that the monthly baseflow frequency of the river ecological flow conditions of the two stations in the dry season is 20 % (7.49 m3/s) and 30 % (4.79 m3/s), respectively. The ecological flow level early warning forecasting accuracy is close to 90 % in the BZA and SD stations during dry and wet seasons. The variations of ecological flow are most affected by evaporation and base flow index. The results of this study can serve as a strong basis for the effective allocation and utilization of locally available water resources.

Evapotranspiration in Semi-Arid Climate: Remote Sensing vs. Soil Water Simulation

Estimating crop evapotranspiration (ETa) is an important requirement for a rational assessment and management of water resources. The various remote sensing products allow the determination of crops' biophysical variables integrated in the evaluation of ETa by using surface energy balance (SEB) models. This study compares ETa estimated by the simplified surface energy balance index (S-SEBI) using Landsat 8 optical and thermal infra-red spectral bands and transit model HYDRUS-1D. In semi-arid Tunisia, real time measurements of soil water content (θ) and pore electrical conductivity (ECp) were made in the crop root zone using capacitive sensors (5TE) for rainfed and drip irrigated crops (barley and potato). Results show that HYDRUS model is a fast and cost-effective assessment tool for water flow and salt movement in the crop root layer. ETa estimated by S-SEBI varies according to the available energy resulting from the difference between the net radiation and soil flux G0, and more specifically according to the assessed G0 from remote sensing. Compared to HYDRUS, the ETa from S-SEBI was estimated to have an R2 of 0.86 and 0.70 for barley and potato, respectively. The S-SEBI performed better for rainfed barley (RMSE between 0.35 and 0.46 mm·d-1) than for drip irrigated potato (RMSE between 1.5 and 1.9 mm·d-1).

Scientific substantiation of technology of efficient use of water resources in irrigation of cotton

Today, due to global climate change, the demand for irrigation water is growing in every part of the world, so the rational use of available water resources requires the management of water resources through water-saving technologies. It is necessary to analyze data on the rational management and efficient use of limited water resources in the country, to continuously increase the efficiency of water resources in the field, to expand the use of water-saving irrigation technologies and their application in production, and to eliminate excess water loss.

Investigation of factors affecting rural drinking water consumption using intelligent hybrid models

Identifying the factors affecting drinking water consumption is essential to the rational management of water resources and effective environment protection. In this study, the effects of the factors on rural drinking water demand were studied using the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and hybrid models, such as the ANFIS–genetic algorithm (GA), ANFIS–particle swarm optimization (PSO), and support vector machine (SVM)–simulated annealing (SA). The rural areas of Hamadan Province in Iran were selected for the case study. Five drinking water consumption factors were selected for the assessment according to the literature, data availability, and the characteristics of the study area (such as precipitation, relative humidity, temperature, the number of subscribers, and water price). The results showed that the standard errors of ANFIS, ANFIS–GA, ANFIS–PSO, and SVM–SA were 0.669, 0.619, 0.705, and 0.578, respectively. Therefore, the hybrid model SVM–SA outperformed other models. The sensitivity analysis showed that of the parameters affecting drinking water consumption, the number of subscribers significantly affected the water consumption rate, while the average temperature was the least significant factor. Water price was a factor that could be easily controlled, but it was always one of the least effective parameters due to the low water fee.

Assessment of future water demand and supply using WEAP model in Dhasan River Basin, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Understanding the available resources and the needs of those who use them is necessary for the evaluation and allocation of water resources. The main sectors utilizing the basin water resources are agriculture, drinking water, animal husbandry, and industries, and the efficient and rational management of water resources to be distributed among those different sectors of activity is vital. This study attempts to develop an integrated water resource management system for the Dhasan River Basin (DRB) by employing a scenario analysis approach in conjunction with Water Evaluation and Planning Model(WEAP) to analyze trends in water use and anticipated demand between 2015 and 2050, simulating five possible scenarios (I, II, III, IV, and V) as for external driving factors. For the WEAP modeling framework, 2015 was chosen as a current (base) year for which all available information and input data were given to the model and the future demand situation was analyzed for the period 2016-2050 (forecasting period). From the findings, it was observed that for the forecasting period, total water demand, unmet demand, and streamflow were 185.29 Bm3, 117.35 Bm3, and 58.26 Bm3, respectively, in the case of scenario I; 232.34 Bm3, 162.17 Bm3, and 59.87 Bm3 in case of scenario II; 139.40 Bm3, 84.37 Bm3, and 58.15 Bm3 in case of scenario III; 186.15 Bm3, 118.76 Bm3, and 56.98 Bm3 in case of scenario IV; and 181.89 Bm3, 96.87 Bm3, and 53.11 Bm3 in case of scenario V. Results of the study indicated that by 2050, increasing population growth, industrial development, and an increase in the agricultural area will rise the water demand dramatically, posing threats to the environment and humans. Therefore, implementing improved irrigation technologies, advancing agricultural practices on farms, and constructing water conservation and retaining structures could significantly reduce the unmet demands and shortfalls in DRB. Overall findings reveal that the pressure on the Dhasan water resources would increase in the future, and thus several suggestions have been provided to assist decision-makers in sustainable planning and management of water resources to meet future demands.

On the Benefits of Collaboration between Decision Makers and Scientists: The Case of Lake Como

Rational Water Resources Management requires effective collaboration between decision-makers involved in the operational management of water resources and scientists, who can allow them to operate in an informed manner through forecasting and decision-making tools. In this article, we show the potential benefits resulting from this collaboration through the description of the emblematic case of Lake Como. The article describes the real case of a collaborative experience between decision makers, who made an effort to highlight and clarify the real management problems to scientists, who in turn needed to understand all the facets of the decision-making process prior to formulating the problem in mathematical terms and incorporating the solution into a decision support system. The resulting tool, which makes extensive hidden use of probabilistic forecasts, stochastic optimization, and Bayesian decision techniques, resulted in a user-friendly environment. After six months of testing, the tool proved to be essential for decision-making and has been in use on a daily basis since 1997.

Hydrological impacts of land use/cover changes in the Lake Victoria basin

Understanding the hydrological impacts of land use and land cover (LULC) changes is significant for sustainable water resources management and planning. The Lake Victoria basin (LVB) has experienced extensive forest and grass degradation and agricultural land expansion under rapid socio-economic development and population growth in recent decades. However, the hydrological impacts of LULC changes for the whole LVB is still poorly documented. This study first investigated the LULC changing effects of LVB, focusing on its impacts on the annual and seasonal runoff and the hydrological drought based on a distributed hydrological modeling of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). SWAT model showed comparatively good applicability in seasonal runoff simulation of LVB, with the percent bias (PBIAS) kept within ± 20 % and the coefficient of determination (R2) over 0.6 at ten hydrological stations available over the calibration and validation phases. Generally, the annual runoff obtained a monthly increase of 1.5 mm under collective LULC changes. Moreover, the LULC effects presented considerable seasonal dependence. A largest runoff increase of approximately 4 mm was detected in short rainy season attributed to the combined surface runoff and groundwater increase. Insignificant runoff increase was observed in long rainy and dry seasons under the complementary effects of surface runoff increase and groundwater decrease. Additionally, the hydrological drought was generally aggravated with increased drought frequency and lengthened duration, particularly for the central western and eastern regions with massive conversion of forest to agricultural land. The findings provide importance implication for rational water resources management and drought disaster response for the LVB.

Flow predictability indicates the ecological quality of the river: A case of invertebrates in Central Europe

• Predictability described most of macroinvertebrate structure parameters variation. • There was strong positive relation between BMWP_PL and flow predictability. • The regionalization is helpful tool for the rational management of water resources. • The predictability estimates the human impact on rivers ecological status. Flow regime and its variability play a fundamental role in preserving rivers' ecosystems. Effects of flow predictability modeling on macroinvertebrate community structure parameters and taxonomic composition were investigated. The main aim of the present work was to apply flow predictability as an indicator of river ecological health and to investigate the relationship between the flow predictability index and macroinvertebrate assemblages variation. Due to the high spatial variability in the abiotic and biotic characteristics of rivers, the classification and regression trees algorithm in respect to Polish Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP_PL) index on regional scale was done. The study was conducted in 30 catchments representing various rivers (from 0 m a.s.l. at the Baltic Sea, up to 2500 m a.s.l. in the Tatra Mountains) of Central Europe. Principal component analysis of macroinvertebrate habitat metrics indicated the presence of two groups of habitat characteristics. One of them is related to the quantitative characteristics of the regime, whereas is the second with the seasonality-predictability of the regime. Redundancy analysis showed that predictability of the hydrological regime was the most influential variables on macroinvertebrate community parameters. Generalized linear modeling showed that predictability (positively) and watershed area (negatively) influence on BMWP_PL index referred to the ecological statement of the river. Based on the main components analysis and CART algorithm in terms of the BMWP_PL index, analyzed catchments were divided into five groups according to predictability, high pulse durations, and catchments area. The predictability index is proposed as a good method for estimating the impact of human pressure on river biota without performing an extensive hydrobiological survey.

Water yield response to plant community conversion caused by vegetation degradation and improvement in an alpine meadow on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Water provision is an important ecological function of alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau. Quantitative assessment of the effects of vegetation change induced by vegetation degradation and improvement on water yield (WY) in alpine meadows is urgent for rational water and grassland resources conservation and management. Previous studies mainly focused on the effects of vegetation coverage. What is less clear is how the WY of alpine meadow changes under plant community conversion caused by vegetation degradation and improvement. To test the hypotheses that lysimeter drainage (LD) decreases in the vegetation-degraded meadow and recovers in the vegetation-improved meadow, and the LD decreases as the stress tolerance of dominant strategy decreases, in situ lysimeters with intact monoliths of well-vegetated alpine meadows subjected to vegetation intact (sedge-dominated), degraded (forb-dominated) and improved (fast-growing grass-dominated) were employed, and then plant communities among treatments were compared based on the quantitative competitor, stress tolerator, and ruderal (CSR) theory. Compared to the vegetation-intact monoliths, the LD of vegetation-degraded monoliths was 59 % lower owing to the deeper roots and greater aboveground growth. The LD of vegetation-improved monoliths was 83 % higher than that of vegetation-degraded monoliths due to the shallower roots but was 25 % lower than that of vegetation-intact monoliths due to the greater aboveground growth. The LD decreased along a plant community conversion gradient in which the S-selection of the dominance strategy decreased (R2 = 0.34, P = 0.022) and the C-selection increased (R2 = 0.71, P < 0.001), likely due to the significant covariation between community-weighted CSR strategy with eco-hydrological plant and soil properties. These results indicated that the community conversion caused by vegetation degradation reduces the WY of alpine meadows, and sowing fast-growing grasses can only partly restore this function. Application of stress-tolerant plants for vegetation improvement may be more efficient in recovering the WY of degraded meadows, especially in flat meadows under humid climate.

Estimating Soil Clay Content Using an Agrogeophysical and Agrogeological Approach: A Case Study in Chania Plain, Greece

Thorough knowledge of soil lithology and its properties are of considerable importance to agriculture. These parameters have a direct impact on water permeability and the content of the water in soil, which represent significant factors in crop yield, decisively determining the design of irrigation systems and farming processes. In the framework of this study, and considering the inevitable impacts of climate change, the rational management of water resources and the optimization of irrigation through innovative technologies become of significant importance. Thus, we propose an interdisciplinary approach based on robust techniques from the allied fields of earth (geological mapping, geophysical methods) and soil sciences (sampling, mechanical analysis) assisted by statistics and GIS techniques. Clay or the sum of clay and silt soil content is successfully determined from the normalized chargeability using induced polarization and electrical resistivity techniques. Finally, we distinguished three classes (S1, S2 and S3) considering the clay or the sum of clay and silt soil content in the study area (a) based on the dry period geophysical data and (b) using as classification criterion the spatial distribution of the geological formations.

Mathematical model of surface water quality dynamics in river basin catchments

To conduct quantitative and qualitative assessment of activities in the catchment areas of river basins using a variety of principles and methods, multi-year systematic objectively hydrological, hydrogeochemical and economic information and analytical materials are needed.&nbsp; At the same time, the scientific and theoretical value of surface water quality assessment of river basins is determined to some extent by the mathematical correctness of the tasks and methods of their solutions, which characterize the validity and reliability of hydrogeochemical processes of watershed areas of river basins, which dictates the need for structural analysis of complex hydrochemical indexes of surface water pollution assessment, based on natural laws, principles and properties of natural processes. The aim of the study is to develop mathematical models based on the genetic theory of hydrochemical processes of the natural system to assess activities in the watershed territories of river basins. In this paper developed mathematical models to improve the tools to assess the quality of surface waters of river basin catchments, based on the solution of differential equations of hydrochemical processes of natural systems, corresponding to the physical and mathematical sign of the practical problems of hydrochemistry and the principles of non-linearity of natural processes, are the result of using classical mathematical methods of modelling and their analytical analysis The proposed approach to the assessment of surface water quality in the catchment area of river basins in conjunction with geographical analysis can be used for comprehensive geo-ecological studies to develop recommendations for the rational management of water resources under anthropogenic activities.

SMART SYSTEM FOR MONITORING WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS

Water is the most crucial factor for all living organisms, so it is essential to protect it. And water quality monitoring is one of the first steps required in the rational development and management of water resources. Smart systems used for real-time quality control and power consumption are rapidly developing. Their implementation in water quality assurance systems is essential and actual. The three-level smart system presented in this article involves the processing of water samples testing results from water supply sources, from the distribution network (consumers), test results of testing laboratories, and data from water consumption accounting systems. Transmission of the obtained results to consumers applying wireless communication technologies is an important system feature.

Assessment of the physicochemical water quality of the Moulouya River, Morocco, using the SEQ-Eau index

Surface water is subject to strong anthropogenic pressures caused by the development and extension of agricultural activities and also by industrial and domestic activities. As a result, rational and sustainable management of water resources is necessary in order to protect them. The objective of this work is the use of geographic information system GIS and the application of the weighted index of the water quality evaluation system SEQ-Eau for the overall assessment of the physicochemical quality of surface waters of the Moulouya River. First, a cartographic representation of the study area was produced with the development of quality maps for the various alterations relating to acidification, temperature, mineralization, phosphorus materials, and organic and oxidizable materials. The overall quality map is generated from the lowest index of all the alterations considered. The results generally show surface water of excellent quality in the Upper Moulouya and of average to poor quality in the Middle and Lower Moulouya. The alteration of water, linked mainly to mineralization and phosphorus nutrients, organic and oxidizable matter, reveals a domestic type pollution in relation to urban wastewater and agricultural discharges in addition to the impact of the geological substratum of the watershed. The seasonal impact is influenced by the increase in the degree of deterioration of water quality due to the increase in the concentration of pollutants and the decrease in precipitation during the summer season.

LES RESSOURCES EN EAU AU CAP BON: DES CONFLITS SOCIO-ENVIRONNEMENTAUX AUX VULNÉRABILITÉS ÉCOSYSTÉMIQUES

Tunisia and, in particular, the eastern facade of Cap Bon has considered the integrated management of water and its resources as a challenge and an issue of great importance for human development and the sustainable management of its landscapes. This region has an essentially agricultural vocation but also has a strong tourist attraction thanks to its natural and cultural potential, the current economic context of the coastal towns of Cap Bon induces a rapid development in the demand for water. There is already a competition for water exploitation between the agricultural and tourist sectors. The demand for water is then brought to meet the needs of the tourist industry and those of the agricultural activity, without forgetting the industrial and domestic sector. Although agriculture is the main activity for the majority of the population, agricultural intensification threatens the sustainability of the water resource, as a means of production, both in terms of quality and in terms of quantity. and the threat as well, as natural wealth. We must therefore think about redefining the place of water through the differential management of water resources by considering them not only as a vital and economic resource but also as an environmental and landscape component of great importance. To do this and based on the documentary research and the various surveys carried out in the study area, this article aims to present the different water sources in Cap Bon, to focus on the multiple conflicts of use by different sectors (agriculture, industry, domestic use, etc.) and subsequently to explore what new forms of governance in the hydraulic field can be. The main objective is to plan the use, protection, conservation and sustainable and rational management of water resources according to the needs and priorities of communities, within the framework of national economic and environmental development policies