Rational Evaluation Research Articles

Experiment and simulation study on energy flow characteristics of a battery electric vehicle throughout the entire driving range in low-temperature conditions

To comprehensively investigate the energy distribution and performance of a battery electric vehicle (BEV), an integrated simulation model based on energy flow test data was developed and validated, and the energy flow characteristics of the BEV throughout the entire driving range in low-temperature conditions were studied. The results show that the battery heat loss and motor energy loss first increase and then decrease with an increment in cycle number, while the transmission loss first decreases and then remains constant. The energy recovery efficiency demonstrates an incremental trend with the number of cycles post-battery charging, while the energy utilization efficiency experiences a decline due to escalating energy losses within the power distribution unit (PDU). The energy flow characteristics of the BEV exhibit a pronounced connection with the speed properties inherent in the driving cycle. The battery charge energy is maximal under Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), whereas the electricity consumption per 100 km is minimized under China light-duty vehicle test cycle-passenger (CLTC-P). Conversely, the energy utilization and recovery efficiency are the highest under Worldwide Light-duty Test Cycle (WLTC). These findings provide directional insights, theoretical support and data basis for rational performance evaluation and optimal energy distribution of BEVs.

Blind spots of universal primers and specific FISH probes for functional microbe and community characterization in EBPR systems.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing are commonly used for microbial ecological analyses in biological enhanced phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems, the successful application of which was governed by the oligonucleotides used. We performed a systemic evaluation of commonly used probes/primers for known polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs). Most FISH probes showed blind spots and covered nontarget bacterial groups. Ca. Competibacter probes showed promising coverage and specificity. Those for Ca. Accumulibacter are desirable in coverage but targeted out-group bacteria, including Ca. Competibacter, Thauera, Dechlorosoma, and some polyphosphate-accumulating Cyanobacteria. Defluviicoccus probes are good in specificity but poor in coverage. Probes targeting Tetrasphaera or Dechloromonas showed low coverage and specificity. Specifically, DEMEF455, Bet135, and Dech453 for Dechloromonas covered Ca. Accumulibacter. Special attentions are needed when using these probes to resolve the PAO/GAO phenotype of Dechloromonas. Most species-specific probes for Ca. Accumulibacter, Ca. Lutibacillus, Ca. Phosphoribacter, and Tetrasphaera are highly specific. Overall, 1.4% Ca. Accumulibacter, 9.6% Ca. Competibacter, 43.3% Defluviicoccus, and 54.0% Dechloromonas in the MiDAS database were not covered by existing FISH probes. Different 16S rRNA amplicon primer sets showed distinct coverage of known PAOs and GAOs. None of them covered all members. Overall, 520F-802R and 515F-926R showed the most balanced coverage. All primers showed extremely low coverage of Microlunatus (<36.0%), implying their probably overlooked roles in EBPR systems. A clear understanding of the strength and weaknesses of each probe and primer set is a premise for rational evaluation and interpretation of obtained community results.

Expert eValuation of Efficacy and Rationality of Vildagliptin "EVER-Vilda": An Indian Perspective.

Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor is effective in reducing HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) when administered as monotherapy, dual or triple combination therapy. In India, Vildagliptin is commonly prescribed in T2DM patients because it reduces mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE), has lower risk of hypoglycemia and is weight neutral. Early combination therapy with vildagliptin and metformin is effective and well-tolerated in patients with T2DM, regardless of age or ethnicity. In view of already existing data on vildagliptin and the latest emerging clinical evidence, a group of endocrinologists, diabetologists and cardiologists convened for an expert group meeting to discuss the role and various combinations of vildagliptin in T2DM management. This practical document aims to guide Physicians and Specialists regarding the different available strengths and formulations of vildagliptin for the initiation and intensification of T2DM therapy.

GT-CAM: Game Theory based Class Activation Map for GCN.

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) have shown outstanding performance in skeleton-based behavior recognition. However, their opacity hampers further development. Researches on the explainability of deep learning have provided solutions to this issue, with Class Activation Map (CAM) algorithms being a class of explainable methods. However, existing CAM algorithms applies to GCN often independently compute the contribution of individual nodes, overlooking the interactions between nodes in the skeleton. Therefore, we propose a game theory based class activation map for GCN (GT-CAM). Firstly, GT-CAM integrates Shapley values with gradient weights to calculate node importance, producing an activation map that highlights the critical role of nodes in decision-making. It also reveals the cooperative dynamics between nodes or local subgraphs for a more comprehensive explanation. Secondly, to reduce the computational burden of Shapley values, we propose a method for calculating Shapley values of node coalitions. Lastly, to evaluate the rationality of coalition partitioning, we propose a rationality evaluation method based on bipartite game interaction and cooperative game theory. Additionally, we introduce an efficient calculation method for the coalition rationality coefficient based on the Monte Carlo method. Experimental results demonstrate that GT-CAM outperforms other competitive interpretation methods in visualization and quantitative analysis.

Objections to Sam Harris’ Critic of Religion

Some thinkers of the modern period have reached the general opinion that the social appearance and social dynamics of religion have increased, and therefore, religion is on the rise. However, the historical and theological tensions between religions that sometimes lead to conflicts and the increase in disagreements between various sects of the same religion have led to an increase in criticism of religion as a whole in certain circles. Sam Harris is one of the important representatives of the new atheism, which is among the schools of thought that make these criticisms. In this study, I will discuss Harris’ criticism of religion in which he argues that religious belief has many harmful and negative aspects. Therefore, he defends the view that it is necessary to fight against religion and to completely remove the phenomenon of religion from people’s lives. This and other of Harris’ basic claims, grounds, evidence, and views on the subject will be discussed, the persuasiveness and philosophical value of his basic approach will be examined through comparisons with rational and philosophical evaluations, and prominent dilemmas, if any, will be identified. The consistency of Harris’ criticism of religious beliefs and the accuracy of these criticisms constitute the problematic of the study. The aim of this study is to examine the author’s views through criticism, consider comparisons of this subject, and create a synthesis based on different approaches to the subject. To present this synthesis, the basic framework of this study is an examination of his The End of Faith: The Separation of Religion and Reason, Morality without God: A Guide for Spirituality without Religion, and The Harms of Religion: Conflicting Truth Claims of Religions.

Rational synthesis and evaluation of 2,4-diamino-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines as antitumor agents

Based on structure-guided of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine skelecton functionalities and computer-aided drug development strategy, a series of novel 2,4-diamino-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their structure confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-MS. All synthesized compounds were evaluated for antitumor activities against hepatic carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines in vitro, and results showed that all the target compounds exhibited potent antitumor activity. Preliminary comparison indicated that a more bulky substituent group at the C-4 position, and at the same time the introduction of 3-Cl on the phenyl ring with 4-methyl group on the C-2 position of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine have remarkable influence on activity. One of the expected target compound 5i showed the best inhibition activities against HepG2 with IC50 value 0.17 μmol/L. To further investigate the structure-activity relationship, the docking experiment of 5i, 5j, 5o and Gefitinib on EGFR were performed. The docking results displayed that compound 5i was able to be tightly embedded in the active pocket of EGFR and the binding energy is most negative with EGFR, which demonstrating that compound 5i can be take a potential lead compound for further lucubrate.

Aptamer Conjugate-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Precise Imaging of Therapy-Induced Cancer Senescence.

Therapy-induced cellular senescence has been increasingly recognized as a key mechanism to promote various aspects of carcinogenesis in a nonautonomous manner. Thus, real-time imaging monitoring of cellular senescence during cancer therapy is imperative not only to further elucidate its roles in cancer progression but also to provide guidance for medical management of cancer. However, it has long been a challenging task due to the lack of effective imaging molecule tools with high specificity and accuracy toward cancer senescence. Herein, we report the rational design, synthesis, and evaluation of an aptamer conjugate-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for precise imaging of therapy-induced cancer senescence. Unlike traditional senescence imaging systems, our probe targets two senescence-associated markers at both cellular and subcellular dimensions, namely, aptamer-mediated membrane marker recognition for active cell targeting and lysosomal marker-triggered ratiometric fluorescence changes of two cyanine dyes for site-specific, high-contrast imaging. Moreover, such a two-channel fluorescence response is activated after a one-step reaction and at the same location, avoiding the diffusion-caused signal decay previously encountered in dual-marker activated probes, contributing to spatiotemporally specific imaging of therapy-induced cancer senescence in living cells and three-dimensional multicellular tumor spheroids. This work may offer a valuable tool for a basic understanding of cellular senescence in cancer biology and interventions.

Study on early shrinkage and cracking of slab in UHPC light-weight composite deck based on ambient temperature and humidity effects

This study investigates the early performance and potential issues of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) light-weight composite decks (LCBDs) used in municipal highway bridge design. The major objective of this research was to understand the complex evolution of temperature and humidity within immature UHPC thin layers, which can lead to deformation and secondary stress, potentially causing cracks and threatening the long-term applicability and safety of steel-concrete composite bridges. Understanding of the mechanism of this process will be the basis for subsequent work. The early performance of UHPC with ordinary concrete is compared. Besides, discussions are conducted on the basic thermal conductivity theory of three-dimensional porous media and the hydration mechanism of cement-based materials that are appropriate for early-stage UHPC. Subsequently, a refined thermo-mechanical coupling analysis method for steel-UHPC LCBD was proposed, implemented using ABAQUS, and validated through a UHPC composite beam test. This method was applied to calculate the early shrinkage of the UHPC layer in a steel-UHPC LCBD and evaluate the risk of cracking in an actual bridge expansion project, providing a rationality evaluation of a bridge design and its construction procedure.

Self-paced graph memory for learner GPA prediction and it’s application in learner multiple evaluation

A scientific and rational evaluation of teaching is essential for personalized learning. In the current teaching assessment model that solely relies on Grade Point Average (GPA), learners with different learning abilities may be classified as the same type of student. It is challenging to uncover the underlying logic behind different learning patterns when GPA scores are the same. To address the limitations of pure GPA evaluation, we propose a data-driven assessment strategy as a supplement to the current methodology. Firstly, we integrate self-paced learning and graph memory neural networks to develop a learning performance prediction model called the self-paced graph memory network. Secondly, inspired by outliers in linear regression, we use a t-test approach to identify those student samples whose loss values significantly differ from normal samples, indicating that these students have different inherent learning patterns/logic compared to the majority. We find that these learners’ GPA levels are distributed across different levels. Through analyzing the learning process data of learners with the same GPA level, we find that our data-driven strategy effectively addresses the shortcomings of the GPA evaluation model. Furthermore, we validate the rationality of our method for student data modeling through protein classification experiments and student performance prediction experiments, it ensuring the rationality and effectiveness of our method.

Research on reactivity evaluation and micro-mechanism of various solid waste powders for alkali-activated cementitious materials

Alkali-activated cementitious material (AACM) based on the utilization of solid waste is a new type of environmentally friendly inorganic material, which has the advantages of early strength, fast hardening, high strength, and better durability. The reactivity of solid waste powder is a key factor for its appropriate utilization in alkali-activated cementitious materials, necessitating a rational evaluation of its reactivity. The reactivity evaluation was conducted on various solid waste powders, including fly ash (FA), red mud (RM), recycled micro-powder (RMP), red brick powder (RBP), coal gangue powder (CGP), and cement kiln dust (CKD). The effects of NaOH concentration, weight ratio of water to solid waste powder (W/P) and curing humidity on the compressive strength were investigated，then the compressive strength under optimal conditions was determined based on response surface analysis. The compressive strength under optimal conditions was used to evaluate the reactivity of solid waste powders. Moreover, microscopic tests (e.g., XPS test, ICP test, and NMR test) were carried to evaluate the reactivity of the solid waste. The relative number of bridging oxygen (RBO) measured by the NMR method in conjunction with chemical composition analysis serves as an effective method for evaluating the reactivity of solid waste powders. The leaching rate of Silicon (Si) and Aluminum (Al) ions in the ICP method depended mainly on the NaOH concentration and the elemental content in the raw material. In addition, the binding energies of O1s, Si 2p, and Al 2p tested by the XPS method had no particular correlation with the compressive strength.

Evaluation of Rationality of Drug Use Based on National Rational Drug Use Indicators at Paal Lima Public Health Center Period January – March 2023

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more than half of all drugs in the world are prescribed, dispensed and sold in an inappropriate manner and half of patients use drugs inappropriately, thus enabling irrational drug use. If the drug is used irrationally, it can have a negative impact. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rationality of drug use at the Paal Lima Public Health Center for the period January - March 2023 based on the National Rational Drug Use (POR) indicator.&#x0D; Method: This study used an observational method with retrospective data collection, namely prescription data for non-pneumonic acute respiratory infections (ARI), non-specific diarrhea, and myalgia during the period January - March 2023. The data were analyzed descriptively by calculating the use of antibiotics, injections, and the average drug items which were then displayed in percentage form. There were 509 prescriptions for non-pneumonic acute respiratory infections (ARI) cases, 74 prescriptions for non-specific diarrhea cases, and 120 prescriptions for myalgia cases.&#x0D; Result: The results of the study showed that for the period January - March 2023 it was found that the use of antibiotics in cases of non-pneumonic acute respiratory infections (ARI) was 19.65%, the use of antibiotics in cases of non-specific diarrhea was 35.14%, the use of injections in cases of myalgia was 0%, and the average number of drug items per prescriptions of 3.68 items.&#x0D; Conclusion: Overall, the rationality of drug use at the Paal Lima Public Health Center has not met the requirements, so it needs to be improved.

Experimental Study on Tunnel Bottom Deformation Trend in Gently Inclined Layered Shale Based on the Energy Index

Influenced by the anisotropy and water-softening characteristics of gently inclined layered shale, many tunnels have encountered bottom deformation issues during construction and operation, which severely impact the safety of tunnel structures. The energy evolution law during rock deformation and damage can provide support for the assessment and prediction of structure deformation. However, most studies have been conducted on enstatite, granite, and sandstone with limited research on shale. In this study, both conventional and single-cyclic loading-and-unloading uniaxial compression tests were conducted on shale specimens with varying dip angles of the structural plane (Dφ) and water content (Wc) in addressing the most typical layered shale in the Chaoyang Tunnel. The energy evolution features of rock samples at each stage of the tests were analyzed to determine the discriminating indicator (SC) for tunnel bottom deformation tendency. The indicator was based on the elastic strain energy (Uei) and the post-peak dissipation energy (Udi). The results demonstrated that the Dφ and Wc directly affected the energy storage and dissipation process of rock specimens, which in turn enabled them to exhibit different damage evolution features. The Uei and the total input energy (Uli) satisfied a linear relationship, which was determined by the Dφ and Wc of rock specimens. The energy evolution-based indicator SC can accurately characterize the bottom deformation of the tunnel constructed in a gently inclined layered shale stratum. The findings can offer a scientific foundation for rational evaluation of the structure deformation of tunnels under construction.

Le « conflit » chez Michel de Montaigne

"The “philosophical” style specific to Montaigne’s Essays, totally devoid of demonstration and system, gives the reader the possibility of “essaying” an experience of his own reading, based on the idea that “Words belong half to the speaker, half to the hearer” (III, 13). Following Montaigne’s idea that selfishness is the basis of solidarity between men (the basis of society), we can detect two levels in this political conception: 1) on the one hand, the relationship between the individual subject and his own complex state; 2) on the other hand, the relationship of the individual to otherness. For Montaigne, the first level is a priority and, as his own political experience shows, the individual subject has above all the duty to remain true to himself and to his own temperament. The duty to serve others is secondary, occasional and moderate. To complete the ideas that can constitute a “map” of Montaigne’s political philosophy, we have analyzed – quantitatively and qualitatively – the contexts in which the French philosopher used the word “conflict”. The examples confirm the predominance of the interior level of the individual subject and less of the relationship of the individual to otherness. To be active in the public sphere, the individual needs modesty and moderation in the expression of his opinions, as well as a rational evaluation when he wishes major changes; otherwise, they risk doing more harm than good to others. The individual must struggle internally with the weapons of reason, so as not to give in to irrational desires – such as revenge or carnal desires – which would affect others, which is virtue. An inner balance is necessary, and the others will gain from this. Keywords: Montaigne, Essays, political philosophy, Renaissance, map, conflict, individual, society, political system, selfishness, solidarity, opinion, public life, moderation, otherness, private life, civil war"

An insightful metric for evaluating perceived benefits from water quality enhancement in waterscape parks: A behavioral analysis approach

The rational evaluation of pollution control measures is crucial for advancing water pollution management, ensuring water quality, and creating high-standard urban environments. Currently the evaluation heavily relies on water quality indicators with little regard to the sense of gain of the people. In this paper, we proposed an objective indicator PVH (Park Visiting Hours) to represent the behavioral response, as a materialized sense of humans, to water quality. We demonstrated the application of PVH in four typical waterscape parks in Beijing with multi-source data, and the results showed that: (1) The Mann-Kendall Test and an independent correlation test utilizing Sina Weibo data (Chinese Twitter) indicated that PVH was significantly negatively correlated with the Satellite image based Sensory Pollution Index (SPI), as corroborated the competence of PVH to appraise the sense of gain from water quality improvement. (2) Multivariate regressions showed that an increase in SPI of 0.1 corresponds to an average 8.8 min reduction in PVH. (3) The relationship between PVH and SPI was consistent across various visitor demographics, and whether visitors were in groups or alone. This study introduced PVH as a novel but concise indicator to represent water quality-related behavior of park visitors and would inspire the use of big multisource data for measuring human perceptions of ecosystem services.

The Worldview Interpretations of Philosophy and the Problem of Its Scientific Status

The article discusses the issue of the essence and scientific status of philosophy. The case is made that philosophy is essentially related to worldview, because it revolves around the most general questions about the world, a human being, and its place in the world – worldview questions, or Big Philosophical Questions. This does not mean that philosophy is a worldview, or a collection of worldviews, or a science about worldviews. It is rather the realm of the search for answers to worldview questions and of the elaboration and rational critical evaluation of the arguments for and against different possible answers, as well as of the critical analysis and development of the categories and conceptual schemes used to think about such questions. Philosophy can also be considered as a science in the wide sense of a systematic knowledge-seeking intellectual activity aimed at truth, an important part of the community of knowledge disciplines that includes not only natural empirical and mathematical sciences but social sciences and humanities as well. At least, such a scientific character is to be expected from academic philosophy. The pluralism of opinions characteristic for philosophy does not undermine its scientific status, because on the one hand, other sciences also provide no guarantees that their accepted theories are true, and there is (to a greater or lesser degree) pluralism of opinions with respect to a number of fundamental issues, and on the other hand, philosophy produces important knowledge of several kinds: about ignorance, about fundamental categories, conceptual schemes and principles of thinking, and about the available alternatives with respect to philosophical issues and relevant arguments.

Comprehensive Evaluation Model and Methodology for Offshore Wind Farm Collection and Transmission Systems

With the gradual development of offshore wind farms toward large-scale and long-distance trends, economically efficient methods for correcting and transmitting offshore wind energy have garnered increasing attention. The rational and effective evaluation of offshore wind power collection and transmission methods has become an urgent issue. To address this, a comprehensive evaluation model for collection and transmission systems, considering factors such as network losses, lifecycle costs, and reliability, was established. This proposed model was applied to multiple sets of typical collection and transmission scenarios, utilizing an improved TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method based on dynamic combination weighting to achieve the comprehensive optimization of collection and transmission schemes. Case studies have validated the feasibility of the comprehensive evaluation model. The results indicate that with an increase in offshore distance, the AC/DC collection and transmission system is superior to the all-AC collection and transmission system, and the all-DC collection system exhibits potential cost advantages.

Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of Students’ Classroom Experience in Online Teaching

Under the COVID-19 outbreak, the traditional teaching mode in universities is limited, and online teaching is in full swing. However, various factors that affect students’ online classroom experience in teaching have characteristics of fuzziness and uncertainty. Therefore, using the course of human resource management as an example, this paper employs the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) method to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the classroom experience of online teaching students. This paper aims to minimize the impact of human or subjective factors by developing a scientific, rational, and practical multilevel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for assessing students’ classroom experience in online teaching courses.

Evaluation of Alternative Rations for Feeding Guinea Pigs in the Growth-fattening Stages

The objective of the research was to evaluate the use of alternative rations for feeding guinea pigs in the growth-fattening stages. The experimental units were made up of a total of 80 guinea pigs, 40 males and 40 females. A completely random design was applied in a combinatorial arrangement of factors, where factor A: alternative rations had 4 levels and factor B: sex had 2 levels (males and females), and carrying out the evaluation of different variables such as initial weight, final weight, weight gain, total feed intake, feed conversion, carcass weight, carcass yield, all this in addition to the mortality variable, these measurements had an evaluation period of 75 days, the same as the investigation lasted. For the statistical analysis, the experimental results were subjected to an analysis of Variance (ADEVA) and separation of means according to Tukey’s methodology at a significance level (P ≤ 0.05), resulting in significant differences in the feed conversion variable. While for the rest of the variables we found highly significant differences. It was concluded that the best treatment is that of the male guinea pigs that were fed with T2 since they contribute to improving the feed conversion rates without affecting the productive behavior of the livestock. As per the results obtained from this investigation, it is recommended to disseminate to small and medium producers of guinea pigs.&#x0D; Keywords: alternative rations, corn, broccoli leaf, guinea pig, fattening growth stage&#x0D; Resumen&#x0D; El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la utilización de raciones alternativas para la alimentación de cuyes en las etapas crecimiento-engorde. Las unidades experimentales estuvieron conformadas por un total de 80 cuyes de los cuales 40 fueron machos y 40 hembras. Se aplicó un diseño completamente al azar, en arreglo combinatorio de factores, donde el factor A: raciones alternativas teniendo 4 niveles y el factor B: sexo con 2 niveles (machos y hembras), y llevándose a cabo la evaluación de diferentes variables como son: peso inicial, peso final ganancia de peso, consumo total de alimento, conversión alimenticia, peso a la canal, rendimiento a la canal todo esto en y la variable mortalidad, estas mediciones tuvieron un periodo de evaluación de 75 días mismos que duro la investigación. Para el análisis estadístico los resultados experimentales fueron sometidos a un análisis de Varianza (ADEVA) y separación de medias de acuerdo a la metodología de Tukey a un nivel de significancia (P≤0,05) dando como resultado diferencias significativas en la variable conversión alimenticia mientras que para el resto de variables encontramos diferencias altamente significativas. Se concluye que el mejor tratamiento es el de los cuyes machos que fueron alimentados con T2 ya que contribuyen a mejorar los índices de conversión alimenticia sin afectar el comportamiento productivo de los semovientes. Se recomienda difundir a pequeños y medianos productores de cuyes, los resultados obtenidos de la presente investigación.&#x0D; Palabras Clave: Raciones alternativas, Maíz, Hoja de brócoli, Cuyes, Etapa crecimiento-engorde

Molecular Detection of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis by Large Sequence Polymorphisms (LSPs)

Background: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is a significant pathogen causing Johne’s disease. Rational evaluation of the prevalence of this organism in animals has been restricted by the lack of accurate diagnostic techniques. DNA microarray-based and computational study of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain K10 discovered 17 distinct large sequence polymorphisms present. Of these 17 LSPPs, 7 were with a specificity of greater than 98% and in some cases, sensitivity of up to 95% suggesting that the LSPs are ideal for diagnosing M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Methods: A total of 218 fecal samples were collected from cattle (n=180) and buffaloes (n=38) for detection of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) using Large Sequence Polymorphisms (LSPs) and IS900 PCR. The fecal samples were subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen staining, isolation and PCR. A total of 90 fecal samples were found ZN staining positive and were subjected to isolation of MAP, growths were seen in two fecal samples after 16 weeks of incubation. Result: Out of 218 fecal samples tested, 7 samples were positive by both LSP PCR viz; LSPP2 (MAP0284), LSPP4 (MAP0865), LSPP11(MAP2154) LSPP12 (MAP2182c), LSPP12 (MAP2188c), LSPP15 (MAP3774), LSPP16 (MAP3815) and IS900 sequence with an amplicon size of 600, 597, 375, 430, 719, 621, 611 and 229 bp. DNA was also extracted from the isolates (n=2) and were confirmed by PCR targeting Large Sequence Polymorphism (LSPs) and IS900. Detection of MAP in all the 7 fecal samples both by IS900 and by 7 LSPPs indicates the detection potential of selected 7 LSPPs (LSPP2, LSPP4, LSPP11, LSPP12 (MAP2182c), LSPP12 (MAP2188c), LSPP15, LSPP16) in fecal samples of cattle and buffaloes suspected for Johne’s disease.

ВЕСТИБУЛЯРНЫЙ НЕЙРОНИТ: КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ ПРИМЕР ТЕЧЕНИЯ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ОБРАТНОЙ СВЯЗИ (БОС)

The examination was conducted with the consent of patient P., born in 1961, who was undergoing treatment in the neurological department of the Federal State Budgetary Health Care Institution "Clinical Hospital No. 8 of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency" (FGBUZ KB No. 8 FMBA of Russia). The patient was examined for viral and bacterial infections: Herpes simplex virus 1,2 IgM, herpes simplex virus 1,2 IgG, cytomegalovirus IgM, Epstein-Barr virus IgM to AG capsid, SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, IgM antibodies, meningococcus, haemophilus bacillus, streptococcus (Neisseria meningitidis, heamophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, PCR), influenza type B virus. It should be noted that all analyses were performed with quantitative evaluation in order to observe the course of the disease in dynamics. This list of analyses was determined not only to monitor the dynamics of the disease, but also to perform differential diagnosis (e.g. with labyrinthitis, as this disease has a similar clinical picture). In the course of the study, as a result of a rational evaluation, it was identified and decided to focus the study on herpes simplex virus 1, 2 IgG analyses in the dynamics - accordingly, the analyses were taken on day 5 of the disease, on day 14, and then on day 21. The patient underwent instrumental diagnostics: audiometry, SCT study, MRI study to exclude other similar pathological phenomena. In addition to laboratory tests, the patient underwent diagnostic and rehabilitation tests on a stabilisation platform with biofeedback based on StabMed 2-"Stabilan-01-2" software, both at the beginning of treatment and at the end (the main diagnostic test performed was a stabilography test. Various variants of the Romberg test are a standard tool in the arsenal of a modern doctor, for example, clinical recommendations on differential diagnosis of peripheral vertigo include it in the list of mandatory procedures during physical examination of a patient with complaints of dysfunction of the vestibular apparatus ).