Rational Decision-making Style Research Articles

Decision-Making Styles and Managerial Creativity of Nursing Managers in Saudi Arabia: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study.

(1) Background: Nursing managers as responsible personnel are required to think outside the box in order to make useful decisions using an appropriate style in a creative manner. This study aims to investigate the relationship between nursing managers' decision-making styles and managerial creativity. (2) Methods: A multi-center cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 245 managers in five large government hospitals using self-administered questionnaires on managerial creativity and general decision-making styles. (3) Results: A significant relationship was found between rational, avoidant, and dependent styles and total managerial creativity. A positive correlation was present between the rational style and total managerial creativity and a negative correlation was found between avoidant, dependent, and spontaneous styles and total managerial creativity. According to a regression analysis, the rational style has a positive effect on managerial creativity, whereas the dependent and avoidant styles have a negative effect. (4) Conclusions: The majority of nursing managers in various hospitals throughout the kingdom are creative and almost all use rational and dependent decision-making styles, which are significantly related to managerial creativity. Thus, it is important to continue to conduct training programs on decision-making styles, especially the rational, dependent, and avoidant styles, for the top-, middle-, and low-level managers.

Psychological predictors of risky driving: the role of age, gender, personality traits (Zuckerman's and Gray's models), and decision-making styles.

The present study was planned to study the relationships between age, personality (according to Zuckerman's and Gray's psychobiological models) and decision-making styles in relation to risky driving behaviors. The participants were habitual drivers, 538 (54.3%) men and 453 (45.7%) women, with a mean age around 45 years and mainly of middle socioeconomic status. The results indicate that the youngest men and women reported more Lapses, Ordinary violations, and Aggressive violations than the oldest men and women. Women reported more Lapses (d = -0.40), and men more Ordinary (d = 0.33) and Aggressive violations (d = 0.28) when driving. Linear and non-linear analysis clearly support the role of both personality traits and decision-making styles in risky driving behaviors. Aggressiveness, Sensitivity to Reward, Sensation Seeking played the main role from personality traits, and Spontaneous and Rational decision-making style also accounted for some variance regarding risky driving behaviors. This pattern was broadly replicated in both genders. The discussion section analyses congruencies with previous literature and makes recommendations on the grounds of observed results.

The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Effective Decision-Making

The purpose of this research was to analyze how EQ relates to managerial performance in Malaysia. One hundred fifty managers were polled on their EQ, personality type, and effectiveness on the work. Emotional IQ was found to have a favorable relationship with both rational and intuitive decision-making styles (r =.43, p .001), but a negative relationship with rational decision-making style (r = -.24, p .05). After accounting for factors such as age, gender, level of education, and length of employment, emotional intelligence was still found to be a significant predictor of work success (r=.33, p .001). The results of this study have significant consequences for Malaysian businesses and their leaders. The findings imply that administrators can benefit from enhanced decision-making and productivity by boosting their emotional intelligence. Better organizational outcomes, like improved productivity and profits, may result from this. But the present research has some restrictions, like using self-report measures and only surveying managers in Malaysia for its sample. A more diverse sample of individuals from a variety of settings, as well as more objective measures of emotional intelligence and decision-making, could improve future studies. This research contributes to the expanding literature on the importance of EQ to success in life and the workplace. The results indicate that emotional intelligence is a valuable trait for managers to have, and that businesses would do well to encourage their employees to cultivate these abilities.

The Association of Personality Traits and Decision-Making Styles among Arab Undergraduate Students in Israeli Universities

The present study aimed at investigating the relation between big five personality traits and decision-making styles among Arab undergraduate students in Israeli universities. Big-five Inventory was used to assess the personality traits and General Decision-Making Styles Questionnaire was used to assess the decision-making styles. 408 students took part in this study. A convenient sampling technique was followed to collect the samples. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way Anova and Pearson correlation coefficient test were the methods used to analyze the data. Findings showed that the rational decision-making style attained the highest value, while the spontaneous was the lowest. The agreeableness and the conscientiousness were the prominent personality traits among the participants. Findings showed that the rational and avoidant styles were significantly associated with all the personality traits. The dependent style had a positive relation with agreeableness and neuroticism. Whereas, the avoidant style had negative relation with extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness. The spontaneous style had a negative relation with agreeableness and conscientiousness, positive relation with neuroticism. The intuitive style had a positive relation with extraversion, openness to experience and neuroticism. The findings will help school counselors to shape students' personality and develop leadership qualities to take better decisions.

Time Perspective and Decision-Making: A Study on Decisional Patterns in Argentinian Adults

The first aim of this study was to adapt the MDMQ to Argentinian Spanish and to collect evidence of its validity and reliability; the second was to determine if time perspectives were adequate predictors of decisionmaking styles. A first sample of 536 participants served in the validation process; a second sample of 209 individuals who completed the mdmq and the Brief Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) was used to conduct descriptive-correlational and regression analyses. Confirmatory factor analysis corroborated a four-factor model with adequate internal consistency for each subscale. Regression analyses showed that future time perspective positively predicted the display of higher vigilant coping patterns —adaptive and rational decision-making style—. Meanwhile, less futuretime- oriented people were more likely to engage in defensive avoidance mechanisms to reach a decision. Past-negative and present-fatalistic time perspectives were positive predictors of non-vigilant decisionmaking style. It indicates that individuals with an aversive vision over their past experiences and present situation are more likely to engage in emotionally based and avoidant decision-making patterns. These findings support the reliability and construct-related validity of the MDMQ for assessing decision-making styles among Argentinian individuals and set a step for conducting more in-depth research in the field of decisionmaking and time perspective.

The Relationship between the Decision-Making Styles and Social Entrepreneurship of Science and Art Center Principals'

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between Science and Art Center principals' decision-making styles and social entrepreneurship. The study involved 281 center principals from science and art centers across Turkey. The study used a correlational research design, which is a quantitative research model. The Decision Making Styles Scale and the Social Entrepreneurship Scale were used to collect data for this study. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and canonical correlation analysis. According to the study's findings, the center principals' social entrepreneurship was strong, and they scored highest in the creativity dimension. Furthermore, it was discovered that principals preferred the rational decision-making style and made decisions in the avoidant style the majority of the time. The canonical correlation analysis revealed that the center principals' decision-making styles explained 27% of the social entrepreneurship characteristics. Based on these findings, it has been determined that the directors of the Science and Art Center possess the characteristics necessary for success in social entrepreneurship. It has been determined that the center principals' decision-making styles have a significant impact on having these characteristics.

The role of employees' cognitive capabilities, knowledge creation and decision-making style in predicting the firm's performance

PurposeThis study explored the relationship between employees' cognitive capabilities and firm performance by exploring the moderating role of decision-making style and the mediating effect of knowledge creation. Understanding the role of cognitive capabilities in value creation is crucial for human resource management to achieve the anticipated organizational performance.Design/methodology/approachStructural equation modeling, cognitive skills theory, cognitive skills acquisition theory and a knowledge creation framework were applied.FindingsThe first finding suggests that only A-shaped skills predict higher knowledge creation, while T-shaped skills do not. Second, knowledge creation predicts higher financial performance and a lower level of financial uncertainty. Third, T-shaped skills have no indirect effect on financial performance or financial uncertainty. Fourth, A-shaped skills exerted significant indirect effects on financial performance and uncertainty. Fifth, the rational decision-making style did not moderate the link between knowledge creation and financial performance, as opposed to the intuitive decision-making style.Originality/valueA review of existing research indicates a lack of studies examining the effect of cognitive skills on organizational outcomes and contingencies under which cognitive skills lead to superior outcomes. This study advances research on T-shaped and A-shaped skills and knowledge creation by empirically exploring their interrelationships with financial performance. Managerial implications and suggestions for future research are also highlighted.

Decision-making style structure of Slovenian sports managers

Purpose: Decisions that we make are always burdened with consequences, which are the inevitable result of our decision-making. The decision-making style (DMS) is the way in which managers acquire, process and use information in decision-making processes. The goals of the present research are to define the factor structure of DMS for a sample of Slovenian sports managers and to determine the characteristics of their DMS structure. Methods: 80 managers of Slovenian sports organizations filled in an anonymous internet survey. The DMS was measured with the use of the General Decision-Making Style Inventory (GDMS), which was translated into the Slovenian language. The GDMS questionnaire measures five different decision-making styles: rational, intuitive, dependent, avoidant and spontaneous. The factor analysis (FA) method was used to test the assumption about the structure of the DMS. The internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to study the relationship between the DMS. Results: After three successive implementations of FA, we developed an optimized DMS model with 20 items confirming that when making decisions, sports managers use a combination of all five DMS. Slovenian sports managers mostly use the rational and dependent DMS, indicating that they are mostly rational decision-makers. We also recognized the correlation between the rational and the dependent style, but since the structure of the DMS in our sample is dominated by the rational DMS, we could conclude that this is a dependent-rational DMS, where mangers seek advice, opinions and knowledge from colleagues when making decisions to increasing their rationality. Conclusions: We can conclude that the recognized average structure of the DMS is functional and healthy; furthermore, Slovenian sports managers are on average rational decision-makers who, due to the specific organizational characteristics of sports organizations, look for confirmation and opinions on future decisions in the broader environment of the organizations' stakeholders.

EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTION REGULATION AND DECISION-MAKING SKILLS OF ORIENTEERING ATHLETES

The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between emotion regulation skills and decision-making skills of orienteering athletes together with some demographic characteristics. This research is descriptive research in relational screening model. The sample of the study consisted of orienteering athletes over the age of 18 who were active in 2021-2022 in Istanbul. The sample of the research consists of 300 active orienteering athletes selected by convenience sampling method. Of these athletes, 82% (n: 246) are male and 18% (n: 18) are female. The "Rational and Intuitive Decision-Making Styles" scale developed by İme et al. (2020) was used to measure the decision-making skills of orienteering athletes, and the Athlete Emotion Regulation Scale developed by Tingaz and Altun (2021) was used to measure the emotion regulation skills of orienteering athletes. SPSS 25.0 program was used in the analysis of the data. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, pairwise comparisons t test and Pearson Correlation test were used. When the change of the athlete emotion regulation scale according to gender is examined; female athlete emotion regulation level is significantly higher than males. When the rational and intuitive decision-making styles scale according to gender is examined, it has been observed that the total of the scale differs significantly in favour of male according to gender. The total rational and intuitive decision-making scale was positively correlated with the overall athlete emotion regulation scale at the level of .327, with the suppression sub-dimension at the level of .302, and with cognitive reappraisal at the level of .241. It was found that the rational sub-dimension was positively correlated with the athlete's emotion regulation scale at the level of .242, positively at the level of .181 with the suppression sub-dimension, and positively at the level of .234 with the cognitive reappraisal. It was found that the intuitive sub-dimension had a positive correlation at the level of .256 with the athlete's emotion regulation scale, a positive correlation at the level of .266 with the suppression sub-dimension, and a positive correlation at the level of .149 with the cognitive reappraisal.

Individual Differences in Judgment and Decision-Making: Novel Predictors of Counterproductive Work Behavior.

The current paper proposed individual differences in judgment and decision-making (JDM)-namely, the skill associated with recognizing social norms, decision-making styles, and risk-benefit perceptions-as a novel set of predictors of counterproductive work behavior (CWB). We hypothesized that the skill associated with recognizing social norms, rational decision-making style, and perceived riskiness of unethical behavior would be related negatively to CWB, whereas the avoidant decision-making style, spontaneous decision-making style, and perceived benefits of unethical behavior would be related positively to CWB. Moreover, we hypothesized that JDM-focused individual differences would exhibit incremental validity above and beyond the traditional individual difference predictors of CWB (personality, trait affect, and cognitive ability). Results from three independent samples provided strong support for the hypotheses. The strongest predictor of CWB was individual differences in perceived benefits of unethical behavior (meta-analytic correlation across the three samples = .487). This result suggests a simple insight, yet one almost completely missing from the existing CWB literature: People who believe unethical behavior is likely to benefit them will tend to enact more CWB than those who do not. Additionally, across the three samples, the novel JDM-focused individual difference predictors performed well in comparison to the traditional individual difference predictors, suggesting their usefulness to research and practice. We therefore suggest several avenues for future research on JDM-focused individual differences as predictors of CWB. Additionally, vis-à-vis practical implications, we discuss the possibility of using JDM-focused individual differences in employee selection and organizational intervention contexts with the aim of reducing CWB.

The use of the Decision Regret Scale in non-clinical contexts.

The Decision Regret Scale (DRS) was assessed for its psychometric qualities in measuring decision regret in ordinary life scenarios. Although the scale has typically been used with patients and in the context of medical decision-making in earlier studies, this contribution shows that the instrument may have a variety of uses, retaining excellent metric properties even in non-medical contexts. The tool showed good fits with both the CFA and the gender Measurement Invariance. A non-probabilistic selection of 2,534 Italian university students was conducted. The internal consistency measures were found to be completely appropriate. Correlations with the General Decision-Making Style (GDMS) and Scale of Regulatory Modes were used to check for convergent validity (SRM). Convergence analysis showed that participants with higher regret scores were those who favored a rational decision-making style, while lower regret scores correlated with avoidant and spontaneous styles. With regard to the regulatory modes, the relationship between regret and locomotion was positive. Overall, the directions of association point to an interesting predictive measure of a person’s decision-making and self-regulatory orientation through the evaluation of regret using the DRS. The excellent psychometric properties found foreshadow a reliable use in various contexts where knowledge of post-decisional attitude becomes important: school, university, professional orientation, marketing studies, relationship choices, as well as for use in research.

The Privacy Calculus Revisited: An Empirical Investigation of Online Privacy Decisions on Between- and Within-Person Levels

The privacy calculus assumes that people weigh perceived privacy risks and benefits before disclosing personal information. So far, empirical studies investigated the privacy calculus on a between-person level and, therefore, were not able to make statements about the intrapersonal psychological processes. In the present preregistered online within-person experiment, participants ( N = 485) were asked to imagine three different disclosure situations in which privacy risks were indicated by a privacy score. As personality variables, rational and intuitive privacy decision-making styles and privacy resignation were assessed. Results of a within-between random effects model showed that benefit perceptions were positively associated with self-disclosure intentions on between- and within-person levels. The privacy score was found to be effective in supporting users to make more privacy aware choices (within-person level). Finally, the rational decision-making style was positively related to privacy risk perception, while especially intuitive decision-makers can benefit from decision-making aids like the privacy score.

TMT's decision-making on adoption of management innovation

PurposeExternal environment drives established enterprises to employ management innovation. Drawing on dual-process theories, this paper purports to investigate TMT's intuitive and rational decision-making styles as mediating roles between perceived environmental turbulences and management innovation, and explain how organizational slack play an critical moderating role.Design/methodology/approachSPSS 25 is used to test 120 established enterprises' top management team (TMT) samples in China, and the moderated mediation model is empirically tested by using hierarchical regression analysis and conditional process analysis.FindingsPerceived environmental turbulences promotes management innovation. Organizational slack as contextual variable influences the relationship between technology turbulence and TMT's decision-making styles. Interestingly, only perceived technology turbulence indirectly affects management innovation through TMT's intuitive decision-making when moderated by organizational slack. However, the indirect effect from perceived market turbulence to management innovation through TMT's rational decision-making is not significant when moderated by organizational slack.Originality/valueBased on management innovation's human agency perspective, TMT's decision-making styles have not been discussed in research on management innovation. This paper sheds light on TMT's decision-making styles as mediating role.

Decision-Making and Life Satisfaction: The Role of General Decision-Making Styles and Maximizing Tendency as Predictors

However, research that focused on testing the role of decision-making on life satisfaction was still limited, even though almost every aspect of human life involves decision-making, and the results could determine one's life situation. There were prior studies that attempted to explore the relationships between life satisfaction and decision-making; however, the results were not conclusive. Therefore, the research aimed to test the relationship between decision-making styles and life satisfaction. Convenience sampling was used in data collection, and 154 university students participated in the research. It used a cross-sectional survey design to test the research hypothesis. The survey consisted of research information, informed consent, demographic, and measuring instrument for research variables. Decision-making styles are measured using General Decision-Making Styles and Maximizing Scale. Life satisfaction was measured using the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The result of multiple linear regression analysis shows that rational decision-making style and tendency to satisfice significantly predict higher levels of life satisfaction, while spontaneous decision-making style and tendency to maximize predict lower levels of life satisfaction. On the other hand, intuitive, dependent, and avoidant decision-making styles do not significantly predict life satisfaction. The implication and direction for future research are discussed.

Doğal Karar Verme Mekanizmaları: Çocuk Hizmetleri Profesyonellerinin Deneyim ve Kişilik Özellikleri Üzerine Özgün Araştırma

Objective: The focus on decision making research has moved from rational decision-making processes to naturalistic decision making since it investigates how people make decisions in real life settings. For field professionals working with children, it is often very difficult to use rational decision-making styles due to the ever-changing social world and interactions, rather than the physical world. For this reason, decision making styles of field professionals working with children have been explored. Also it was inteded to provide an insight about factors such as empathy, anxiety and stress that might affect decision making styles. Material and Methods: One hundred eighty-eight field professionals working with children and adolescents were recruited for the study. Participants read scenarios and filled out forms to determine their decision-making styles and personality traits. Results: The findings revealed that participants employing rational decision-making styles have higher accuracy in scenarios and experience levels in terms of years significantly affects the accuracy. In terms of personality traits empathy has an effect on both rational and naturalistic decision-making styles. Conclusion: Naturalistic decision-making abilities of individuals are due to situations that are recognized by them in accordance with the literature. These abilities lead individuals to recognize schemas and patterns and also to perform mental simulations. It can be concluded that the pattern recognition partly constitutes intuitiveness, while mental simulations constitute the rational part.

Role of metacognition in explaining decision-making styles: A study of knowledge about cognition and regulation of cognition

The growing importance of metacognition has opened a broad avenue of research in decision-making literature. Nevertheless, most studies on metacognition have primarily focused on decision-making ability or processes, largely ignoring the role of individual differences. The present study aims at addressing this gap by examining the role of metacognition (knowledge about cognition and regulation of cognition) on the various decision-making styles: rational, intuitive, dependent, avoidant and spontaneous. Data collected from 139 MBA students enumerate the importance of knowledge about cognition and regulation of cognition in explaining the decision-making styles. While knowledge about cognition was positively associated with intuitive and spontaneous decision-making styles, regulation of cognition emerged to be positively related to rational decision-making style. Both knowledge and regulation of cognition could explain these decision-making styles over and above the demographic variables of age, gender and work experience. The maladaptive decision styles of dependent and avoidant decision-making could neither be explained by knowledge about cognition nor regulation of cognition.

How to Measure Knowing Without Knowing? A Systematic Bibliometric Mapping and Visualization

In this work, we explore rational and intuitive decision-making styles via a literature review by taking advantage of advanced bibliometric analysis techniques. To contribute to the scientific debate, the aim of this mapping and clustering analysis is to systematically explore cognitive styles to call attention to several psychometric properties that can inspire future research, in particular for measuring intuitive decision making, the unconscious form, which has received less scholarly attention than the rational form. The data examined from the Web of Science and Scopus databases comprise 20,582 peer-reviewed documents published through the end of 2019. Based on this research review of decision-making styles across research domains and entrepreneurship literature in particular, we analyzed the literature regarding intuitive decision-making styles in greater detail. So far, the scientific community has focused its attention on measuring rational decision making. Thus, this first systematic bibliometric mapping and visualization study will allow us to recognize “invisible colleagues“ across domains not only by offering insights from current research into the two uncorrelated constructs of intuitive and rational systems by identifying intellectual relationships but also by serving as food for thought for new measurements of entrepreneurial intuitive decision making.

AN ANALYSIS OF EFL TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS RELATED TO THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS: A CASE STUDY AT A FOUNDATION UNIVERSITY IN TURKEY

Decision-making process requires school leaders and teachers to approach problems in a systematic way with more attention as a part of their academic and administrative roles, duties and responsibilities. In this respect, it is inevitable for them to consider the complex nature of decision-making procedures that is reshaped again and again due to the stakeholders various social, educational, cultural and psychological backgrounds. Bearing these points in mind, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the EFL teachers’ perceptions of decision-making process and identify the decision-making style they follow. Additionally, it aspired after searching whether gender and teaching experience effect the EFL teachers’ decision-making styles. A qualitative case study design was applied for the present study in accordance with its purpose. 6 EFL teachers (3 females and 3 male) working at the School of Foreign Languages in a private university took part in this study as participants. Collected data was analysed with Creswell’s (2012) inductive content analysis. The findings reached as a result of the study revealed that teachers’ perceptions of decision-making process were categorized under four headings. They were (1) the careful consideration of the situation, (2) involvement of all the parties, (3) reacting to an undesired situation, and (4) feeling responsible. It was also observed that while the men utilized rational decision-making style, the women preferred dependent decision-making style. Additionally, according to the findings, all of the participants stated that teaching experience had a positive correlation with decision-making process which means that the more experience teachers have, the more successful and effective decisions they take.

Crossing the chasm: resistance to and adoption of Airbnb by Chinese consumers

ABSTRACT This study investigates the role of individual characteristics in shaping Airbnb adoption and resistance (unawareness, postponement, and rejection) among Chinese consumers, using a conceptual framework based on innovation diffusion theory and resistance literature. Data were collected from 1010 respondents and analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. Results show consumer demographics, travel and social media use experiences, and some individual traits (e.g., resistance to change) predict adoption/resistance while general trust and rational decision-making style have no significant effect. This study suggests that Airbnb faces challenges crossing the “chasm” but also provides suggestions for Airbnb to penetrate China’s mainstream market.

THE EFFECT OF DARK TRIAD TRAITS ON DECISION-MAKING STYLES

The aim of present study was to explain the relationships of Dark Triad with decision-making styles. We assumed an association of decision-making styles with the Dark Triad traits that represent aversive personality traits, because previous studies identified relationships between the Dark Triad and the Big Five features and similarly, the relationships of the Big Five traits with decision-making styles have been confirmed. The research was conducted on a sample of 127 participants (M = 40.65 years; SD = 4.68). The sample consisted of 55.1% women (n = 70) and 44.9% men (n = 57). The data were subjected to correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. Machiavellianism correlated significantly positively with avoidant, dependent, and spontaneous decision-making styles. Narcissism correlated significantly positively with spontaneous decision-making style and significantly negatively with rational decision-making style. Psychopathy correlated significantly positively with avoidant and spontaneous decision-making style and significantly negatively with rational decision-making style. The value of the results lies in revealing what decision-making strategies are used by people with different socially aversive personality traits. Finding explanations for why some people use non-adaptive decision-making styles and experience the negative results of their decisions in real life, which cause their overall discomfort, can be explained by their dark features.