Rational Approach Research Articles

A two-step dynamic FEM-FELA approach for seismic slope stability assessment

AbstractThe determination of the factor of safety (FoS) of slopes during seismic excitation can be complex if the relevant effects of pore water pressure accumulation, nonlinear material response and variable shear strength are duly accounted for. A rational two-step approach to tackle this task based on a hydro-mechanically coupled dynamic simulation and finite element limit analyses is henceforth introduced. To ensure accurate transfer of the hydro-mechanical soil state, a mapping concept is presented, accounting for spatial distributions of stresses, excess pore water pressures, inertial forces and shear strength. The proposed approach is compared to limit equilibrium method (LEM) for the case of a large-scale water-saturated open cast mine slope subjected to seismic loading. In comparison with LEM, the new approach to assess seismic slope stability proves to be simpler in its implementation and straightforward, which could be an important asset for practitioners.

Ion‐Selective Mobility Differential Amplifier: Enhancing Pressure‐Induced Voltage Response in Hydrogels

Piezoionics is an emerging mechanical‐electrical energy conversion paradigm that enables self‐powered sensing systems for next‐generation intelligent wearable electronics. However, there are currently no rational design approaches to enhance the stimulus response of piezoionic devices. Here, we present a strategy using crown ether as ion‐selective mobility differential amplifiers for enhancing the pressured‐induced voltage response in ionic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels. The crown ether grafted PVA (PVA‐CE) hydrogel prototype achieves a 30‐fold amplified piezoionic coefficient of 1490 nV Pa−1 within 0 – 1 kPa, compared to 49 nV Pa−1 of the unmodified PVA. The PVA‐CE exhibits an ultra‐low pressure detection limit of 0.2 Pa with a fast response time of 18.1 ms. Leveraging these properties, we further demonstrate a human somatosensory network analogous PVA‐CE piezoionic skin using arrayed pressure sensing. These capabilities hold great promise for emerging healthcare applications such as synthetic biology, soft robotics, and beyond.

Ion-Selective Mobility Differential Amplifier: Enhancing Pressure-Induced Voltage Response in Hydrogels.

Piezoionics is an emerging mechanical-electrical energy conversion paradigm that enables self-powered sensing systems for next-generation intelligent wearable electronics. However, there are currently no rational design approaches to enhance the stimulus response of piezoionic devices. Here, we present a strategy using crown ether as ion-selective mobility differential amplifiers for enhancing the pressured-induced voltage response in ionic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels. The crown ether grafted PVA (PVA-CE) hydrogel prototype achieves a 30-fold amplified piezoionic coefficient of 1490 nV Pa-1 within 0 - 1 kPa, compared to 49 nV Pa-1 of the unmodified PVA. The PVA-CE exhibits an ultra-low pressure detection limit of 0.2 Pa with a fast response time of 18.1 ms. Leveraging these properties, we further demonstrate a human somatosensory network analogous PVA-CE piezoionic skin using arrayed pressure sensing. These capabilities hold great promise for emerging healthcare applications such as synthetic biology, soft robotics, and beyond.

Facilitating the transition from hospital to home after hip fracture surgery: a qualitative study from the HIP HELPER trial.

People post-hip fracture have reported experiences of fragmented care and poor discharge planning, therefore improvements in patient flow are required. This study reports the challenges people face during the discharge process and offers potential solutions for improving the transition from hospital to home from the perspectives of patients, carers, and health professionals. This was a qualitative study embedded within a multi-centre, feasibility randomised controlled trial (HIP HELPER). We undertook semi-structured interviews with 10 patient-carer dyads (10 people with hip fracture; 10 unpaid carers) and eight health professionals (four physiotherapists, two occupational therapists, one nurse and one physiotherapy researcher) between November 2021 and March 2022. Data were analysed using the principles of Framework Analysis. Participants identified challenges in the transition from hospital to home post-hip fracture surgery: ineffective communication, disjointed systems, untimely services and 'it's more than just the hip'. Possible solutions and insights to facilitate this transition included the need for reassurance, collaborative planning, and individualisation. The transition from hospital to home following hip fracture surgery can be a challenging experience for patients, and for friends and family who support them as carers, making them feel vulnerable, frustrated and uncertain. Enabling a coordinated, collaborative approach to discharge planning and early recovery provision is considered a positive approach to improving NHS care. ISRCTN13270387. Registered 29th October 2020.

Perancangan Motion Graphic Edukasi Kami Juga Manusia, Anxiety Disorder

Mental health, is a health issue that is no less important than physical health, but unfortunately public awareness of mental health issues is still very lacking. The lack of public awareness of mental health disorders is influenced by several factors, where one of the most influential factors is the low level of public knowledge about mental health, so that there is an error in the public's perspective on the survivors of mental health disorders themselves. This of course can lead to mistreatment of survivors of mental health disorders, potentially stigmatizing treatments. Based on these data, this study aims to use the right learning media to change the public's perspective on mental health disorders in order to reduce the existing stigmatization. The method used is the design thinking method which is a method of developing a product that begins with efforts to answer problems that exist in society. The results of this study a learning media in the form of video motion graphics with cartoon visual style and a way of delivering information with an emotional and rational approach has its own charm for the audience.

Exploring the Juvenile Justice Act: Legal Framework and Psychosocial Interventions for Children in Conflict with the Law

Understanding and supporting children in conflict with the law (CCL) is vital for their positive transformation. By exploring the factors influencing their behaviour, developmental influences, historical context of juvenile justice and effective interventions, we empower these youths for a brighter future. CCL refers to individuals under 18 alleged or found to have committed an offense. Recognizing their needs and challenges is essential for devising suitable rehabilitation strategies. Identifying risk factors contributing to children's criminal involvement is essential for effective intervention. These factors range from individual and family aspects to wider community and societal influences. Targeting these factors can prevent CCL. Embracing a developmental perspective is crucial for understanding the reasons behind a child's unlawful actions. Positive parenting, quality education, healthy peer interactions and community support play pivotal role in shaping a child's choices. Exploring the history of juvenile justice offers insights into societal responses to young offenders. A shift from punitive measures to rehabilitation reflects an evolving understanding of CCL's unique needs. Understanding definitions from the Juvenile Justice Act is vital for effective work with CCL. Concepts like "best interest of the child" and "observation home" guide interventions and decisions. Implementing psychosocial interventions addressing cognitive, emotional, and social needs proactively rehabilitates CCL. Disciplinary measures, counselling, vocational training, mentorship, and access to education with a positive approach are the key. Integrating these aspects creates a holistic framework to support CCL. This approach fosters personal growth, safer communities, and a just society.

Critical Paradigm Approach in Preservation and Conservation Studies: An Initial Note

Abstract This article discusses the application of a critical paradigm approach, including activism, in studies of preservation and conservation in libraries, information institutions, and local communities. Based on a literature review, it explores a variety of writing and research on the preservation and conservation of objects, focusing on social and humanities approaches and critical analysis. Different approaches in preservation and conservation in libraries and other information institutions beyond traditional practices will be discussed and activism in the context of preservation and conservation will be examined. We hope that this article will encourage research on preservation and conservation that involves critical explanations and in-depth investigations, that it will provide space for critical thinking which moves towards a constructivist paradigm and that it will generate knowledge about activism within a conservation framework. This paper is not intended to challenge researchers or scholars who have followed a more positivistic approach in their studies of preservation and conservation, but rather as a reflection to provide space to engage in critical thinking and alternative approaches.

The effect of group counseling based on positive psychology on the WhatsApp social media platform on the severity of premenstrual syndrome symptoms: a randomized clinical trial

BackgroundPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a prevalent health issue impacting women, significantly impacting their well-being and fostering a negative attitude of femininity and menstruation. We investigated the effect of group counseling based on positive psychology on the severity of PMS symptoms.MethodsParticipants in the intervention group engaged in six online sessions of group counseling focused on positive psychology via WhatsApp. Data were collected using the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Questionnaire (PSST) before, immediately, and two months post-intervention. Analytical assessments were performed using SPSS 16 software using Chi-square, independent t-tests, and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Comparative analyses were carried out using the Bonferroni post hoc test with a 95% confidence level.ResultsThe mean intensity of PMS symptoms in the intervention group significantly decreased from 21.60 (2.50) to 13.35 (4.727) and 14.750 (5.963) immediately and two months after the intervention; however, the difference was not significant in the control group. The results of repeated measures ANOVA showed that the effect of the intervention over time and the interaction between time and group were significant. The Eta effect size was about 0.20 and 16%, respectively (p = 0.001). According to Bonferroni post hoc test results, the difference in the mean scores of the severity of PMS symptoms before the intervention was statistically significant compared to both follow-up periods (p ≤ 0.007). However, the difference in mean scores immediately after the intervention compared to two months after the intervention was not statistically significant (p = 0.42).ConclusionUsing a positive counseling approach demonstrates efficacy in alleviating the severity of PMS symptoms in the short term. While all women can benefit from such interventions, targeting adolescents is particularly strategic, as early interventions can foster positive attitudes toward menstruation. Additionally, social media platforms like WhatsApp provide a feasible and engaging medium for adolescent health interventions. Integrating this approach into adolescent health promotion package appears to be a viable measure worthy of consideration by relevant policymakers.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials IRCT20201113049377N1, Date of Registration 2020, 12, 08.

Aggregate Output Stability: Divergent Perspectives

The main objective of this article was to describe two asymmetric perspectives of the aggregate imbalance approach. Starting from the contrast of the Rational Expectations and Keynesian approaches, we analyze the characterization that the general reserve makes of the causes of inflation and the implications that it has on economic policy decisions. From the rational expectations approach, companies and workers form a kind of coherent group that jointly experiences fluctuations in the prices of their products and faces in unison the problem of signal extraction. On the other hand, the Keynesian approach to effective demand explains price fluctuations in principle as an expression of insufficient demand that generates involuntary unemployment. It was identified that the increase in margins during 2021 sought to pass on to consumers and end users of the goods and services of oligopolistic structures the increase in marginal costs induced by the fall in effective demand; resulting in an effect of price increases on the supply side or cost inflation.

Leadership best practices for improving engagement and burnout in health facilities: A positive deviance approach from the Veterans Health Administration.

Leadership best practices for improving engagement and burnout in health facilities: A positive deviance approach from the Veterans Health Administration.

Isekai as a Reflection of College Student Transition Theory

AbstractIn the isekai genre, characters are transported to another world where they must learn new cultural norms, create new relationships, and work through the changes that come with who they are in this new world. The transition of characters in isekai from their world to a new one mirrors the transition college students experience as they move from high school to college, albeit one with less magic. As anime continues to gain high school and college‐aged fans, the narrative of how isekai characters move through their transition could be highly impactful to fans who are experiencing their own transition into the new world of higher education. By incorporating case studies and using the theoretical frameworks of Schlossberg's transition theory (1981) and marginality and mattering (1989), readers of this article can understand and explain how isekai characters can be powerful examples of role modeling positive transitional approaches and act as a guide through transitional stages for fans experiencing their transition from the world of high school to the world of higher education.

Conflict during learning reconfigures the neural representation of positive valence and approach behavior.

Punishing and rewarding experiences can change the valence of sensory stimuli and guide animal behavior in opposite directions, resulting in avoidance or approach. Often, however, a stimulus is encountered with both positive and negative experiences. How is such conflicting information represented in the brain and resolved into a behavioral decision? We address this question by dissecting a circuit for sexual conditioning in C.elegans. In this learning paradigm, an odor is conditioned with both a punishment (starvation) and a reward (mates), resulting in odor approach. We find that negative and positive experiences are both encoded by the neuropeptide pigment dispersing factor 1 (PDF-1) being released from, and acting on, different neurons. Each experience creates a distinct memory in the circuit for odor processing. This results in the sensorimotor representation of the odor being different in naive and sexually conditioned animals, despite both displaying approach. Our results reveal that the positive valence of a stimulus is not represented in the activity of any single neuron class but flexibly represented within the circuit according to the experiences and predictions associated with the stimulus.

Rational Approach to New Chemical Entities with Antiproliferative Activity on Ab1 Tyrosine Kinase Encoded by the BCR-ABL Gene: An Hierarchical Biochemoinformatics Analysis

Rational Approach to New Chemical Entities with Antiproliferative Activity on Ab1 Tyrosine Kinase Encoded by the BCR-ABL Gene: An Hierarchical Biochemoinformatics Analysis

The Effectiveness of Psychological Resources Supporting a Person’s Well-Being in the Face of Uncertainty and Stress: A Research Contributing to SDG Objectives

Objective: the aim of the study is to identify the combinations of psychological capital components (PsyCap) and person’s traits which can impact the person’s well-being in the situation of uncertainity and stress. Theoretical framework: the methodogical principles of determinism (the assumption that all behaviors have a specific cause) and systemic approach (analyzing complex phenomena by studying the interrelations between various components as a whole) were adopted. The main theory which was taken into account is an Evidence-Based Positive Approach of psychological Capital (Luthans F. et al, 2017). Methods: the theoretical review of the psychological aspects of uncertainty and the psychological survey was conducted (with the application of Psychological Capital Questionnaire-PCQ, Myers–Briggs Type Indicator-MBTI, The Spielberger-Hanin anxiety test-STAI) Results and discussion: the study revealed that some combinations of personal traits and components of psychological capital can lead to adaptation during uncertainty and stress more effectively even with higher level of trait anxiety. Research implications: the results can be applied in the sphere of psychological support to deal with potential challenges with limited resources by organizing the effective mechanism of coping with uncertainty and stress. Originality: the study contributes the 3th objective of SDG (good health and well-being). The algorithm of effective perception of uncertainty was shown and some consistent patterns of PsyCap components were revealed.

The effect of nurses’ Machiavellian and deontic justice personality on the tendency to make medical errors and other factors: a cross-sectional study

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of nurses’ Machiavellian and deontic justice personality on the tendency to make medical errors. Additionally, conducted to investigate the other factors associated with nurses’ tendency to make medical errors.MethodsThis cross-sectional study consisted of 345 nurses working in a state university medical faculty health application and research hospital, and data were collected using the Medical Error Tendency in Nursing Scale, the Machiavellian Personality Scale, and the Deontic Justice Scale.ResultsMachiavellian and deontic justice personality of nurses effect in low level their tendency to make medical errors (R = 0.284, p = 0.001). As the nurses’ Machiavellian tendencies increased, their propensity toward making medical errors also increased. The increase in Nurses’ deontic justice reduced their tendency toward medical errors (p < 0.05). A significant difference was found between nurses’ mean tendency to medical errors scores and their age, working life/years, the number of night shifts, the daily number of patients provided with care, the status of working in the COVID-19 service, and the status of having received education on medical errors (p < 0.05).ConclusionsNurses’ Machiavellian tendencies and deontic justice approach affect their propensity to make medical errors. Nurses who have a Machiavellian tendency and poor deontic justice have a high tendency to make medical errors. Nurses’ age, working life/years, the number of night shifts, the daily number of patients they provide care for, working in the COVID-19 service, and having received education on medical errors were the other factors affecting their tendency to make medical errors. This study demonstrated that nurses’ personality traits can cause medical errors. Generations are changing in the world and personality are also changing. Therefore, including personal development in nursing education could be a positive approach for medical errors.

Molecular Evolution and Adaptation Strategies in Marine Ciliates: An Inspiration for Cold-Adapted Enzyme Engineering and Drug Binding Analysis

In the present review, we summarize genome mining of genomic data obtained from the psychrophilic Antarctic marine ciliate Euplotes focardii and its evolutionary-close mesophilic cosmopolitan counterpart E. crassus. This analysis highlights adaptation strategies that are unique to the Antarctic ciliate, including antioxidant gene duplication and distinctive substitutions that may play roles in increased drug binding affinity and enzyme reaction rate in cold environments. Enzymes from psychrophiles are usually characterized by high activities and reaction rates at low temperatures compared with their counterparts from mesophiles and thermophiles. As a rule, catalyst cold activity derives from an increased structural flexibility that may lead to protein denaturation in response to temperature fluctuation. Molecular thermolability has been a major drawback of using macromolecules from psychrophiles in industrial applications. Here, we report a case study in which the role of peculiar amino acid substitution in cold adaptation is demonstrated by site-directed mutagenesis. Combined with a rational design approach, these substitutions can be used for site-directed mutagenesis to obtain cold-active catalysts that are structurally stable. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis of β-tubulin isotypes extrapolated from E. focardii and E. crassus genomes allowed us to obtain additional insight on the taxol binding site and drug affinity. E. focardii genome mining and the comparison with the mesophilic sibling counterpart can be used as an inspiration for molecular engineering for medical and industrial applications.

Polarity-Reversal of Exchange Bias in van der Waals FePS3/Fe3GaTe2 Heterostructures.

Exchange bias (EB) in antiferromagnetic (AFM)/ferromagnetic heterostructures is crucial for the advancement of spintronic devices and has attracted significant attention. The common EB effect in van der Waals heterostructures features a low blocking temperature (Tb) and a single polarity. In this work, a significant EB effect with a Tb up to 150K is observed in FePS3/Fe3GaTe2 heterostructures, and in particular, the EB exhibits an unusual temperature-dependent polarity-reversal behavior. Under a high positive field-cooling condition (e.g., μ0H ≥0.5T), a negative EB field (HEB) is observed at low temperatures, and with increasing temperature, the HEB crosses zero at ≈20K, subsequently becomes positive and later approaches zero again at Tb. A model composed of a top FePS3/interfacial FePS3/Fe3GaTe2 sandwich structure is proposed. The charge transfer from Fe3GaTe2 to FePS3 at the interface induces net magnetic moments (∆M) in FePS3. The interface favors AFM coupling, and thus the reversal of ∆M of the interfacial FePS3 leads to the polarity-reversal of EB. Moreover, the EB can be extended to the bare Fe3GaTe2 region of the Fe3GaTe2 flake partially covered by FePS3. This work provides opportunities for a deeper understanding of the EB effect and opens a new route toward constructing novel spintronic devices.

Quality Learning Environment and Community Participation: Report on a Literacy Boost Project in Indonesia

This article reports the outcomes of community participation and quality learning education resulting from the MEMBACA II project. MEMBACA (Making Early Matter through Books and Community Action) is a literacy project that targets young children in Indonesia. The MEMBACA project includes teacher training, community reading activities, and age-appropriate local language material creation to support emergent literacy skills among early-grade children. These skills include letter awareness, single-word reading of most used words, reading fluency, reading accuracy, and reading comprehension. 31 participants involved in this study, purposively selected to be interviewed through the phone. The thematic analysis found that a better learning environment was produced, a code of conduct is now available in schools, and it has helped in mainstreaming a more positive disciplining approach to teachers. This study has also identified that villages are now allocating their village fund for supporting literacy activities, although the process has experienced a setback in the year 2020 due to the pandemic. Further, while teachers’ capacities were increased due to various activities, learning environments are still troubled by poor infrastructures and a lack of community awareness. Engagement of communities and local government were mostly improved, with major problem lies in the continuity of the literacy-related activities, affected by various factors including poor advocacy and COVID-19 pandemic.

The evolution of leadership: Past insights, present trends, and future directions

We first review leadership research that has been dominant before and after the Journal of Business Research was established fifty-one years ago, along with a discussion of those approaches that have continued to attract research attention. Next, we discuss moral approaches to leadership, including authentic, ethical, and servant leadership. We address criticism of these and other approaches, especially concerns about the way leadership styles are measured. Furthermore, we provide coverage of current trends in leadership research, such as studying the dark side of seeming positive leadership approaches, examinations of the importance of followership in the study of leadership, as well as research that explores the effects of leadership from a leader-centric perspective. Finally, we offer directions for future leadership research, such as integrating leader power and authority with leadership approaches and developing ways of addressing criticism that has been leveled against leadership research.

The Impact of Internal Control Systems on Corporate Performance among Listed Banks in Ghana: The Moderating Role of Information Technology

In today's fast-paced and unpredictable business landscape, companies need to embrace new strategies and innovations rooted in adaptable and flexible frameworks. This study examined how Internal Control Systems (ICS) and information technology influences corporate performance of the listed Banks in Ghana on the Ghana Stock Exchange. The study followed a positivist approach and utilized quantitative methods to meet its objectives. Surveys were conducted using self-administered questionnaires, and data was collected through convenience and purposive sampling. Partial least squares regression with structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was utilized to analyze the complex structural relationships between the variables. Additionally, the study explored the moderating role of Information Technology in enhancing the relationships between various dimensions of ICS and corporate performance. The results emphasize the importance of Information Technology and control activities within Internal Control Systems (ICS), evidenced by their positive correlation with corporate performance. It also highlights the significance of monitoring activities in detecting and preventing fraudulent activities, errors, and inefficiencies. Our findings recommend policymakers, industry stakeholders, and entrepreneurs in the banking sector to prioritize and create a conducive regulatory environment for robust ICS implementation in listed banks in Ghana.