Goat Rations Research Articles

EFFECT OF REPLECEMENT CORN GRAINS BY DRIED ORANGE PULP IN DAIRY GOAT RATIONS ON THEIR PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANE

Afeeding trail was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacement corn grains by dried orange pulp (DOP) as source of energy in the concentrate feed mixture of Baladi dairy goats on nutrients digestibilties, feeding value, feed intake, milk yield and composition ,feed efficiency and some parameters of blood. Twenty four Baladi dairy goats within three seasons of lactation, aged 3 – 4 years and average weight 28.62 kg were divided randomly to four similar groups (6 goats each) to receive the experimental rations those contained 0, 50, 75 and 100% DOP replacing of corn grains in concentrate feed mixtures (FCM) with berseem hay (BH) at 50: 50 to cover the maintenance and production requirements for R1, R2, R3 and R4, respectively. Four digestibility trails were conducted to determine the digestibility and feeding values of the experimental ratios. Results indicated that the experimental rations were almost similar in their nutrients digestibilties, expect CF digestibility which significantly increased by increasing the DOP levels in the rations , also NFE digestibility tended to be significant higher only with 50% DOP- ration than the control one. The feeding value as TDN was significantly higher for alltested rations than that of control one , but the feeding value of DCP were similar between the lower -DOP ration and that of control one , while the values of the other tested rations were significant lower than that of control one. Inclusion DOP in rations had no significant effect on feed intake. Milk yield and 4% fat corrected milk yield were different significantly among the dietary treatments being the best milk yield was occurred with 50% DOP ration. Almost there were no significant differences among the experimental dietary treatments respecting the concentrations of all milk constituents, except milk fat that significantly higher in particular with tasted rations which contained the lower and medium levels of DOP. Also, no significant differences for feed efficiency among the experimental treatments were observed. Most blood parameter values of all dietary treatments were seemed to be similar. Economic efficiency was improved particular with the tested ration that has the lower level of DOP (50%). It could be concluded that dried orange pulp could be replace at the rate of 50% of corn grains in dairy goat rations without any adverse effect on productive performance and health of Baladi dairy goats.

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF SABURAI GOAT ON THE OF ADDITION DIETARY PROTEIN LEVEL

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of different level of protein addition in goat ration on feed addition in the ration on feed intake and physiological responses of Saburai goats (rectal temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate). Twenty male Saburai goats were randomly divided into 4 treatments group with 5 goats each. Goats in group 1 (PO) were fed with forage, while goats in group 2 (P1), 3 (P2), and 4 (P3) were fed with forage + concentratre with 13%, 16%, and 19% crude protein, respectively. The treatments were P0= feeding forage, P1= feeding forage + concentrate with 13% crude protein (CP), P2= feeding forage + concentrate with 16% CP, and P3 feeding forage + concentrate with 19% CP. The results showed that the rectal temperature and heart rate did not significantly affected (P>0.05) in all treatment, however the heart rate was significantly (P<0.05) affected among the treatments. The conclusion is the addition of different protein level in the ration has no effect on rectal temperature and respiratory rate, but significantly increases the heart rate frequency.

Digestibility of Goat Rations Containing Fermented Oil Palm Fronds by Phanerochaete chrysosporium Supplemented With Phosphorus, Sulfur and Magnesium

Digestibility of Goat Rations Containing Fermented Oil Palm Fronds by Phanerochaete chrysosporium Supplemented With Phosphorus, Sulfur and Magnesium

Transfer Omega-3 Melalui Kapsulisasi dan L-Karnitin Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kandungan Asam Lemak Daging dan Sate Kambing

<p><em>The objective of this study were to find out and to compare the effect of supplementation of L-carnitine and tuna fish oil and lemuru fish oil on fatty acid saturated, fatty acid non saturated concentration and peroksida, TBA number.</em></p><p><em> The materials used were 20 male PE (Peranakan Etawah) goats of 2 until 3 month old and 15.5-23.5 kilogram body weight. The feedstuff used were wild grass, yellow corn, rice bran, soy bean meal, coconut meal, mineral premix. L-carnitine, tuna fish oil and lemuru fish oil. The method of the research was experimental in vivo using Completely Randomized Blok Design. There were 4 treatments in each treatment and 5 replication. Treatment consisted of P<sub>0</sub>= control ration, P<sub>1</sub>=P<sub>0</sub> +L-carnitine 50 ppm, P<sub>2</sub>=P<sub>1</sub> + tuna fish oil 5 ml or equal with 4% in the ration, and P<sub>3</sub>=P<sub>1</sub>+ lemuru fish oil 5 ml or equal with 4% in the ration. The variables measuared fatty acid saturated, fatty acid non saturated concentration and peroksida number..</em></p><p><em> The results of variance analysis showed that the effect of supplementation of tuna fish oil and lemuru fish oil (P<sub>2 </sub>and P<sub>3</sub>) in the rations contain 50 ppm L-carnitine were significantly (P<0.01) on faty acid saturated, faty acid non saturated concentration and peroksida number.</em></p><p><em>The conclusion of this research shows that the supplementation of 50 ppm L-carnitine, tuna and lemuru fish oil 5ml that was equal to 4% in goat rations can incrase non saturated fatty acid from 59,74 to 67,36%, than to decreased saturated fatty acid from 40,26 to 32,64 %. Proces burned of meat goat to increase peroxida from 0.1437 until 0.1615 miliequivalen/kg and malonaldehyde from 1,807 until 2,440 mg/kg then to decrease concentration omega-3 fatty acid from 5,957 until 5,945%.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Key words : saturated fatty acid, non saturated fatty acid , L-carnitine, tuna, lemuru fish oils</em><em></em></p>

Transfer Omega-3 Melalui Kapsulisasi dan L-Karnitin Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kandungan Asam Lemak Daging dan Sate Kambing

<p><em>The objective of this study were to find out and to compare the effect of supplementation of L-carnitine and tuna fish oil and lemuru fish oil on fatty acid saturated, fatty acid non saturated concentration and peroksida, TBA number.</em></p><p><em> The materials used were 20 male PE (Peranakan Etawah) goats of 2 until 3 month old and 15.5-23.5 kilogram body weight. The feedstuff used were wild grass, yellow corn, rice bran, soy bean meal, coconut meal, mineral premix. L-carnitine, tuna fish oil and lemuru fish oil. The method of the research was experimental in vivo using Completely Randomized Blok Design. There were 4 treatments in each treatment and 5 replication. Treatment consisted of P<sub>0</sub>= control ration, P<sub>1</sub>=P<sub>0</sub> +L-carnitine 50 ppm, P<sub>2</sub>=P<sub>1</sub> + tuna fish oil 5 ml or equal with 4% in the ration, and P<sub>3</sub>=P<sub>1</sub>+ lemuru fish oil 5 ml or equal with 4% in the ration. The variables measuared fatty acid saturated, fatty acid non saturated concentration and peroksida number..</em></p><p><em> The results of variance analysis showed that the effect of supplementation of tuna fish oil and lemuru fish oil (P<sub>2 </sub>and P<sub>3</sub>) in the rations contain 50 ppm L-carnitine were significantly (P<0.01) on faty acid saturated, faty acid non saturated concentration and peroksida number.</em></p><p><em>The conclusion of this research shows that the supplementation of 50 ppm L-carnitine, tuna and lemuru fish oil 5ml that was equal to 4% in goat rations can incrase non saturated fatty acid from 59,74 to 67,36%, than to decreased saturated fatty acid from 40,26 to 32,64 %. Proces burned of meat goat to increase peroxida from 0.1437 until 0.1615 miliequivalen/kg and malonaldehyde from 1,807 until 2,440 mg/kg then to decrease concentration omega-3 fatty acid from 5,957 until 5,945%.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Key words : saturated fatty acid, non saturated fatty acid , L-carnitine, tuna, lemuru fish oils</em><em></em></p>

INFLUENCE OF ADDITION SPIRULINA PLATENSIS ALGAE POWDER ON REPRODUCTIVE AND PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY ZARAIBI GOATS

The current work studied the addition of Spirulina platensis powder (SPP) to dairy nanny goat rations on the reproductive and productive performance. Fourteen dairy Zaraibi goats with an average body weight of 36.00 kg at 33.43 months of age were used in this study. The Zaraibi nanny goats were distributed randomly in two groups (n=7 in each). The first group control (G1) was fed concentrate feed mixture (CFM) plus roughage as Egyptian berseem hay (BH) and rice straws (RS) plus orally empty rice paper sack / head /day. While, the second group (G2) was serviced as trial group and nourished previous control ration plus 500 mg of SPP stuffed into rice paper sack given orally/ head / day. Experimental diet was offered to either G1 or G2 twenty-one days pre-breeding season till postnatal to study reproductive performance. After postnatal, similarly eight does in parity rate (n=4 in each) were selected from later G1 and G2 and continued to fed last rations to study changing in udder measurements, suckling milk amount, variable in body weight of does and their kids, milk yield and blood metabolites.The results indicated that litter size and the quaternary rate were lower values in G1 than G2. Moreover, reproductive parameters in G2 have booster (P 0.05) in milk yield compared to G1. Also, blood biochemical parameters e.g. total protein and glucose in G2 had significantly (P<0.05) higher than G1. However, G1 had greater (P<0.05) in cholesterol, triglycerides, AST and ALT concentration than those does in G2. Intriguingly, there was no significant difference in the concentrations of urea among goats in G1 and G2. Also, the present results revealed that lower feed cost of milk production was 1.45 L.E in G2 compared to G1 group (1.84 L.E). The present study clearly demonstrates that the SPP could be incorporated in diets as an increment of milking production and non-specific resistance of organism.

Nutritional Evaluation of Dairy Goat Rations Containing Indigofera zollingeriana by Using in vitro Rumen Fermentation Technique (RUSITEC)

Nutritional Evaluation of Dairy Goat Rations Containing Indigofera zollingeriana by Using in vitro Rumen Fermentation Technique (RUSITEC)

Milk production in dairy goats supplemented with different levels of ruminally protected methionine.

The objective of the study reported in this Research Communication was to evaluate graded levels of ruminally protected methionine (RPM) in dairy goat rations on milk production and live weight changes during 155 d of lactation. Twenty-five primiparous dairy goats (crosses of Toggenburg, French Alpine and Saanen; 45·4 ± 1·0 kg BW) were fed a basal diet (10·10% CP, 6·13 DP and 2·34 Mcal/kg ME) of corn silage, oat hay, alfalfa hay and concentrate (80% forage, 20% concentrate). After kidding, the treatments, which consisted of four oral doses of ruminally protected methionine (RPM) at 0, 1, 2 and 3 g/d, were randomly assigned to the goats. The experiment was conducted for 110 d with measurements of milk production and composition, body weight and dry matter intake. No treatment effects were detected in milk production and composition. However, goats with RPM showed a positive live weight changes during lactation which were improved as dose was increased (linear P < 0·01) whereas goats without RPM showed weight loss during the experiment.

Evaluation of Kinnow Mandarin Fruit Waste in Rations of Goats

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of kinnow mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour x Citrus deliciosa Tenora) waste (KMW) inclusion in the ration on feed intake and nutrient utilization in goats. Twelve local adult male goats (age= 8–10 months; BW= 23.00 kg) were randomly allotted to two equal groups designated as control and treatment. All the animals were fed wheat straw ad lib. supplemented with either conventional concentrate mixture (control) or 40% KMW containing concentrate mixture (Treatment). Body weights of the animals and nutrient digestibility was not affected due to treatments. KMW inclusion widened the Ca: P ratio due to high content of Ca in KMW suggesting that maintaining Ca: P ratio needs careful consideration while feeding KMW in ration. There was no adverse effect of KMW inclusion in dietary ration on the general health of the goats as indicated by blood biochemical parameters.

EFFECT OF CRUDE GLYCEROL AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR CORN WITH OR WITHOUT FIBROLYTIC ENZYMES ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING BALADI GOATS

This study was carried to investigate the effect of corn substitution by 50% crude glycerol with or without fibrolytic enzymes in lactating Baladi goats ration on digestibility, nutritive values, rumen liquor and blood parameters and lactation performance. Thirty multiparous lactating Baladi goats after 7 days of parturition were divided into three groups (10 animals each) according to its production then, the experimental groups were randomly assigned to fed one of the following experimental rations, control ration (R1) consists of 60% concentrate feed mixture and 40% Egyptian clover, R2, 50% of corn was substituted with crude glycerol or R3, consists of R2 supplemented with fibrolytic enzymes (ALLZYME™) at level of 6 g/kg DM. Although, inclusion of glycerol alone (R2) or with fibrolytic enzymes (R3) in lactating goat rations decreased nutrients and fiber fractions digestibility and nutritive value as TDN, but they did not significantly (P<0.05) differ with control (R1) in DCP, blood and rumen liquor parameters, milk yield and composition. Addition of fibrolytic enzymes to glycerol ration (R3) increased nutrients digestibility, nutritive values and milk fat content compared with ration containing glycerol alone (R2). It could be concluded that crude glycerol could be used as a source of energy in ruminant rations with fibrolytic enzymes as additive without negative effects on lactating goats' health and performance.

Traceability of Functional Bioactive Compounds in Fresh and Pasteurized Milk Obtained from Goats Fed with Orange Pulp

Traceability is the ability to identify and trace the history, distribution, location, and application of products, parts, and materials. A traceability system records and follows the trail as products, parts, and materials come from suppliers and are processed and ultimately distributed as end products (Prache et al , 2002). In this work, were studied the bioactive compounds (total vitamin C, ascorbic acid, total phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamin A and vitamin E) and antioxidant activity of goat fresh milk and pasteurized one. The goats were fed with a standard diet (control diet) and then with a diet that incorporates orange pulp. The control diet (CD) corresponded with a standard ration (a ration wich provide the energetic and proteic values), daily food for milking animals. From that ration, the Department of Animal Science, from Politechnic University of Valencia replaced the different proportions of the ingredients for incorporating orange pulp diet (OPD). The results of the present study show that the citrus pulp silage mixture used can be fed to goats without any negative effects on the performance of the animals. Results of this study indicate that citrus pulp silage can replace part of the conventional ration of goats, thus lowering the cost of production. The first aim of this study was to compare the two types of goat diets: a standard diet and a diet with orange pulp, by analyzing the bioactive compounds in fresh and pasteurized milk. The results demonstrate that all the bioactive compounds are bigger in the orange pulp diet than in the control diet. The second objective of this study was to analyze the bioavailability and traceability of bioactive compounds in fresh milk. Â

The effect of feeding low quality date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on the performance, antioxidant status and ruminal fermentation of mid-lactating Saanen dairy goats

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding low quality date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) (LDP) on the performance, antioxidant status, and ruminal fermentation in Saanen dairy goats. Eight multiparous Saanen dairy goats averaging 92±9 DIM and 2050±280g of milk production were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design. Each experimental period lasted 21 days: 14 for adaptation, and 7 for measurements. Experimental treatments were as follows: (1) diet without LDP (control), (2) diet containing 6% of LDP (LDP6), (3) diet containing 12% of LDP (LDP12), and (4) diet containing 18% of LDP (LDP18) (DM basis). The dry matter intake (DMI) and apparent digestibility were not affected by the treatments. In addition, there was no difference in milk yield, and milk composition. Inclusion of LDP in the diet increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as LDP18 had the highest and control had the lowest concentration of TAC in milk and blood, respectively. No significant difference was seen in malondialdehyde (MDA) content in milk and blood. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity had no significant effect across treatment in blood. There was significant difference in ruminal pH among treatments, yet goats fed LDP12 and LDP18 had the highest ruminal propionate concentration and the lowest acetate concentration. With increasing of LDP to diet, the acetate: propionate ratio decreased while concentration of valerate increased. The results of this study indicate that LDP can be substituted with partial replacement of diet in dairy goats ration without negative effects on animal performance. In addition, inclusion of LDP in ration improved the antioxidant capacity of dairy goats.

Influence of Sunflower Whole Seeds or Oil on Ruminal Fermentation, Milk Production, Composition, and Fatty Acid Profile in Lactating Goats.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of sunflower seeds, either as whole or as oil, on rumen fermentation, milk production, milk composition and fatty acids profile in dairy goats. Fifteen lactating Damascus goats were divided randomly into three groups (n = 5) fed a basal diet of concentrate feed mixture and fresh Trifolium alexandrinum at 50:50 on dry matter basis (Control) in addition to 50 g/head/d sunflower seeds whole (SS) or 20 mL/head/d sunflower seeds oil (SO) in a complete randomized design. Milk was sampled every two weeks during 90 days of experimental period for chemical analysis and rumen was sampled at 30, 60, and 90 days of the experiment for ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids (tVFA), and ammonia-N determination. Addition of SO decreased (p = 0.017) ruminal pH, whereas SO and SS increased tVFA (p<0.001) and acetate (p = 0.034) concentrations. Serum glucose increased (p = 0.013) in SO and SS goats vs Control. The SO and SS treated goats had improved milk yield (p = 0.007) and milk fat content (p = 0.002). Moreover, SO increased milk lactose content (p = 0.048) and feed efficiency (p = 0.046) compared to Control. Both of SS and SO increased (p<0.05) milk unsaturated fatty acids content specially conjugated linolenic acid (CLA) vs Control. Addition of SS and SO increased (p = 0. 021) C18:3N3 fatty acid compared to Control diet. Data suggested that addition of either SS or SO to lactating goats ration had beneficial effects on milk yield and milk composition with enhancing milk content of healthy fatty acids (CLA and omega 3), without detrimental effects on animal performance.

EFFECT FEEDING OF SUPPLEMENTED RATION WITH ALGAE ON MILK YIELD AND ITS COMPOSITION FOR DAMASCUS GOATS

The objective of the present investigation was to study the effect of two supplemented algae on nutritive value of lactating Damascus goats rations and its effect on performance of kids, milk production, milk composition, digestion coefficients, feed intake and feed conversion. Twenty seven Damascus lactating goats of 2-4 years old and average live body weight of 48.5±1.4kg were chosen divided and into three similar groups (9 animals each) R1 (control), R2 and R3. The groups were assigned at random to receive one of the three experimental rations. Animals of group R1 were fed 50% concentrate feed mixture (CFM) + 30% berseem hay + 20% wheat straw (control), R2 were fed 50% CFM + 30% berseem hay + 20% wheat straw with supplemented algae (Spirulina) and R3 were fed 50% CFM + 30%berseem hay + 20% wheat straw with supplemented algae (Ulva rigida) 0.2% of feed intake. At the end of the trial, three digestibility trials were conducted to determine digestibility coefficients and nutritive value of experimental rations. In addition, rumen liquor and blood samples were taken to determine some parameters. All supplemented in the present study decreased (P<0.05) CF, ash, ADL and hemicelluloses, but CP content had increased. The results revealed that the algae supplementation recorded highest digestibility coefficients (P<0.05) for all nutrients fiber fractions and nutritive value of R2 (P<0.05) compared with control. Nutrients digestibility coefficients, concentrations of ruminal ammonia nitrogen and total volatile were significantly (P<0.05) higher, which ruminal pH values were significantly (P<0.05) lower for rams fed algae supplemented diets than control at the sampling times 4 hrs. The highest body weight was recorded with R2. The algae supplemented recorded better feed conversion (DMI/daily milk yield) for R2and R3, respectively compared with the control (R1). It could be concluded that supplemented goats ration with algae tended to increase digestibility coefficients and nutritive values, increased milk yield and improved feed conversion as kg DM intake per kg milk yield.

EFFECT OF RATIONS INCLUSION GUAVA BY-PRODUCTS WITH OR WITHOUT PROBIOTIC ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF GROWING GOAT KIDS

لإhis study aimed to determined effect of guava by-product (GBP) substitution at level 20% of concentrate feed mixtures with or without commercial probiotic (Enviva®PRO) on the performance of growing goat kids. Twenty-four growing Zaraibi male kids weighted 15 kg body weight in average and 7 months old; assigned to three groups (8 in each). Feeding trial lasted for 90 days. Animals were fed clover hay plus CFM (R1), CFM including 20% GBP (R2) or supplemented with probiotic, 5g/h/day (R3). Results showed insignificant differences in most nutrients and fiber fractions digestibilities and TDN values among treatments. Ruminal pH and TVFAs values did not differ significantly among treatments. While, ruminal NH3-N concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) higher with R2 and R3 compared to R1. Results indicated that neither GBP nor probiotic had an adverse impact on goats health which all blood parameters were within the normal range. There were no significant differences among treatments in total and average daily gain. Both R2 and R3 had lower total DM and TDN intake compared to R1. Meanwhile R3 group had the best feed conversion and the highest economical efficiency. It could be concluded that guava by-product (GBP) at level 20% of CFM and probiotic supplementation (5g/h/d) in growing kids goats rations had no adverse effects on productive performance with enhancing in economical efficiency.

Production and Energy Partition of Lactating Dairy Goats Fed Rations Containing Date Fruit Waste

Dates fruit waste (DFW) is a by-product of dates juice industry that contains high energy. So, it is suitable for an energy source in dairy goat ration. This study was conducted to observe the effect of DFW utilization in the ration on energy partition and productivity of lactating dairy goats. The experimental design was randomized block design using 9 primiparous lactating dairy goats. There were three types of ration as treatments used in this study, i.e. R0= 35% forage + 65% concentrate, R1= 35% forage + 55% concentrate + 10% DFW, and R2= 35% forage + 45% concentrate + 20% DFW. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and polynomial orthogonal test. The evaluated variables were dry matter intake (DMI), energy partition including energy intake, digestible and metabolizable energy, fecal and urine energy, energy in methane gas, and energy in milk, milk production and quality. The results showed that the linear decreased of DMI, energy intake, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, and urine energy with the increased of DFW level in the rations. The use of 10% DFW (R1) showed the lowest energy loss through feces and methane gas of all treatments about 1089.57 kcal/head/d and 2.36 kcal/head/d, respectively. The use of DFW did not affect energy retention in milk. The utilization of DFW in ration did not significantly prevent the decline of milk production and milk quality. It can be concluded that DFW can be used as an alternative feed for the lactating dairy goat up to 10% in the ration.

IMPACT OF FEEDING NATURAL MICROBIAL RESOURCES ON LACTATING GOATS PERFORMANCE

This study was conducted to study the effect of bacteria isolated, commercial enzymes and yeast culture as feed additives in rations of lactating Zaraibi Goats on nutrients digestibility, nutritive values, milk yield, milk composition, blood metabolites and economical return. Twenty four lactating Zaraibi Goats averaged 42.20 ± 1.28 kg live body weight (LBW) at the 3rd and 4th parities were assigned after parturition to four similar groups (6animals each). Animals were fed concentrate feed mixture and berseem at the rate of 60: 40 % on DM basis, respectively (as a basal ration). The first group (G1) fed a basal ration without feed additives, the second group(G2) fed the basal ration with 10 g/doe/day of bacteria isolated, the third group (G3) fed a basal ration plus 10 g/doe/day of fibrozyme and the fourth group (G4) fed a basal ration with 10 g/doe/day of yeast culture (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae 1×109 CFU/g) during 15 weeks of lactation period. Results indicated that rations of G2, G3 and G4 significantly (P<0.05) increased DM, OM and CF digestibility in comparison with ration of G1. The second group (G2) was significantly (P<0.05) increased EE digestibility as compared to control and other additives rations. Group (G4) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in CP digestibility and DCP% than other groups (G1, G2 and G3). Animals fed rations supplemented with isolated bacteria or yeast culture had significantly (P<0.05) higher in TDN % than those in others. Milk yield and fat corrected milk (4% FCM) increased by (20.46 % and 21.19 %) for G3, (18.06% and 17.34 %) for G4 and (14.28 % and 16.46 %) for G2, respectively, compared to the control group. Milk content of fat, Protein, SNF and TS were significantly (P<0.05) higher in Goats fed rations G2 and G3 comparing with those in G1 and G4. Lactose was significantly (P<0.05) higher for G3. Feed efficiency values as kg 4% FCM per one kg DM, TDN or DCP were higher with G2, G3 and G4 rations than that of G1 ration. Blood parameters were in the normal physiological ranges with no adverse effect on dairy Goats health. Animals of G4 had a significantly (P<0.05) higher in concentration of plasma protein fraction (total protein, Albumin and globulin) compared with the others groups .The fourth group (G4) had significantly (P<0.05) higher for AST (IU/L) than G2. While, ALT value (IU/L) for G3 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in control ration (G1). Economic efficiency value was the highest with G2 followed by G4 while, G3 had the lowest value as compared to the control ration G1. In general, results of the current study indicated that using bacteria isolated, fibrozyme and yeast culture as feed additives in lactating Goats rations plays important role in improving nutrients digestibility, feeding values, milk yield prolonged the persistency period and maintained body weight change. Economically, it is clear that bacteria isolated supplementation is superior to the other treatment groups and the cheapest price

Posidonia oceanica banquettes as a substitute for straw in dairy goat rations: metabolic and productive effects

The marine plant Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile can be a source of fibre to increase the efficiency of product costs. The aim of the present study was to assess the productive (milk production and performance) and metabolic (blood metabolites) effects of P. oceanica in the ration of dairy goats as a substitute for straw. Posidonia oceanica was used at 225 and 450 g day(-1) per goat in lieu of barley straw. Supplementation with P. oceanica had no detrimental effects on the body weight, milk production and metabolic status of goats. Goats fed P. oceanica produced more milk fat, had a lower somatic cell count in their milk and showed a decreased risk of oxidative stress. Goats can be fed P oceanica at levels of up to 450 g day(-1) without detrimental effects on milk production and health, therefore P. oceanica can be a substitute for barley straw in the nutrition of goats.

Nutrient composition,In vitromethane production and digestibility of azolla (Azolla microphylla) with rumen liquor of goat

Nutrient composition and digestibility of Azolla (Azolla microphylla) was studied using in vitro technique to evaluate it as a protein supplement for goats. Among the proximate principles ash, crude protein, ether extract and crude fibre contents were 20.31, 17.3, 2.71 and 12.02%, respectively on dry matter basis. The NDF and ADF were 46.90 and 31.73%, respectively. Sodium, potassium, calcium were 0.60, 0.73, and 0.11% while copper and zinc were 16.12 and 71.47, ppm respectively. The gross energy content of (A. microphylla) was 16.86 MJ/kg. In vitro rumen fermentation parameters of Azolla were studied using in vitro gas production test. The total gas production and methane production were 78.49 ml/g DM and 11.96 ml/gDM, respectively. The dry matter and organic matter digestibilities were 83.15 and 84.03%, respectively. Microbial protein and partitioning factor were 76.57 and 5.25 mg, respectively. The study indicated that Azolla can be used as a protein supplement in the ration of goats.

Effects of Crushed Linseed or Linseed Oil Supplementation on Performance of Dairy Goats and Fatty Acids Profile in Milk Top of Form

In a complete random block design, fifteen lactating Damascus goats (43.5±2 kg body weight) after the first week of lactation, were divided into 3 groups (five goats each) to evaluate effect of linseed or linseed oil as diet supplement on rumen parameters, milk production, milk composition and milk fatty acid profile in lactating goats. Animals were fed on a total mixed ration of 50% concentrates and 50% berseem clover (control), control ration+50g/head/day crushed linseed (LS) and control ration+20 ml/head/day linseed oil (LO) for 90 days. Dry matter intake was not affected by LO or LS. Ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA) and butyrate proportions were increased (P 0.05) with experimental additives. Milk yield, milk protein and milk fat percent were higher (P 0.05) the proportion of C18:3N3 in milk fat. Total unsaturated fatty acids were increased (P<0.05) with LO; however, insignificantly increased with LS versus control. The proportions of conjugated linoleic acid increased (P<0.05) with addition of LO or LS in the diet. It may be concluded that adding the linseed or linseed oil to lactating goat rations improved the productivity of lactating goats and enhance milk components with no deleterious effects on general health. (S.M. Kholif, T.A. Morsy, O.H. Matloup, H.M. Ebeid, A.M. Kholif. Effects of Crushed Linseed or Linseed Oil Supplementation on Performance of Dairy Goats and Fatty Acid Profile in Milk. Life Sci J 2015;12(2s):94-99). (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com . 14