Objective To study the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in rat airway remodeling and high mobility group protein B1(HMGB1)expression level of correlation. Methods Healthy specific pathogen free(SPF)level 48 Wistar male rats, divided into 3 groups,16 rats in each group.Normal saline control group(group A):in 1st,14 d in aseptic operation down neck trachea puncture, to intratracheal injection sterile water for injection 0.2 ml; COPD model group(group B):1st,14d anisotropic intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)200μg(200μl), 2- 13 d, 15- 28 d every day in selfmade smoked is passive smoking,2 times a day, 10 cigarettes each time, each lasting 60 min, continuous 28 d;smoking cessation group(group C)16:in 1st,14 days to the airway is injected LPS solution 200μg (200μl),2- 13 d,15- 21 d every day in self- made smoked is passive smoking,2 times a day,10 cigarettes each time, each lasting 60 min, continuous 21 d, the last 1 weeks of normal feeding experiments of broken smoke. Observing the pathological changes of rat airway inflammation, airway remodeling and pulmonary tissue after model establishment, with the expression of HMGB1 protein Western in lung tissue of three groups of blot detection. Results The group B, C of airway remodeling index fine bronchial wall thickness and pipe diameter ratio(MT,%)[group B(9.21±3.54), group C(8.23±3.32)], the Guan Bi area and tracheal total area ratio(MA%)[group B(20.25±3.23), group C(17.44±2.57)] and group A[MT,%(4.62±2.58), MA,%(10.72±1.12)] were significantly increased(P< 0.05), compared with C group lower than group B(P<0.05).The Western blot electrophoresis showed that the expression of B and HMGB1 protein levels in group C[group B(1.621±0.254), group C(1.234± 0.327)]compared with group A(0.462±0.581)(P<0.05), significantly enhanced expression of group C than in group B decreased HMGB1 protein(P<0.05). Conclusion With the COPD disease progression of airway remodeling and the expression of HMGB1,enhance the expression of COPD and HMGB1,illustrate the airway remodeling related. Key words: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Airway remodeling; High mobility group protein B1