Ratio Of Elderly Population Research Articles

A Study on the Development of a Filtration System for Drainage Discharge Capacity

This study analyzes the social and economic characteristics of an area affected by chemical emission facilities and proposes policy measures to respond to social disasters such as hazardous chemical emission accidents. Even within the area affected by chemical discharge facilities, social and economic disparities existed depending on the proximity to the chemical discharge facility, child population ratio, and land value. However, the elderly population ratio decreased. It is believed that the presentation of response plans based on the study’s analysis will contribute to protecting people's health and property, which is the ultimate goal of chemical management.

공급이 제한된 필수 자원의 공정성을 고려한 분배 방법 연구

This study addresses methods for efficiently and equitably distributing limited essential resources in crisis situations such as pandemics and climate change. In these scenarios, it is crucial to consider public welfare alongside efficiency when distributing scarce resources like medical supplies or food. This study introduces a fairness measure based on the Gini coefficient, grounded in utility, and employs a bi-objective optimization model to balance efficiency and fairness. The proposed distribution method is validated through a simulation model. The effects of various policy scenarios are compared and analyzed. Through the simulation experiments, the study demonstrated that distribution policies considering the elderly population ratio and equity are effective in achieving both efficiency and fairness in resource allocation. These findings provide practical approaches for policymakers, helping them make better decisions during emergencies with limited supply.

The Economic Growth and the Elderly

This study explored those relationship between the mean population, unemployment rate, population growth rate, Gross Domestic product(GDP) per head and the ratio of elderly population within 6 countries from 2010 to 2015, highlighting the vital role of older workers (as measured by labor force participation of older people) in the national economy. A statistic table below illustrates the relationship between those factors and the degree of the influence with the topic. The result shows that the positive association between GDP per head and the elderly, same with the strong relationship with in the population and the elderly. Elderly population has a positive association with unemployment rate as well, but inversely proportional to the population growth rate. This indicates that the marginal impact of elderly population aging on economic growth depends on the size of population. Within different countries, the indicators are different as well. The range of countries are involved in both developed economies and developing economies, considering the population size and the economic situation, taking those representative sample to investigate the economic growth and the elderly population.

The Impact of Population Aging on Risk-free Rate

This study delves into the relationship between the long-term trend of population aging and the risk-free rate against the backdrop of China's diminishing demographic dividend and declining birth rate. It further examines the mechanisms via which population aging affects the risk-free rate. The phenomenon of population aging is distinguished by a rise in the percentage of older individuals and a decline in the percentage of younger individuals, hence exerting a diverse range of effects on the economy. The demographic transition holds significant influence over savings, investment, labor supply, and interest rates, making it a crucial macroeconomic issue. This study employs a literature review methodology and conducts data analysis to construct a "elderly population ratio" framework grounded in life cycle theory. The objective is to investigate the correlation and knowledge significance of the risk-free rate.

Taste traces: Capsaicin and sweeteners as anthropogenic markers in municipal wastewater

Dietary-derived substances possess significant potential as anthropogenic markers owing to the large consumption and different intake habit. To investigate and evaluate such markers, wastewater samples from 35 wastewater treatment plants across 29 Chinese cities were collected to analyze artificial sweeteners (acesulfame and cyclamate) and natural spicy compounds (capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin). Acesulfame (mean: 14.6 μg/L), cyclamate (mean: 24.3 μg/L), and capsaicin (mean: 101 ng/L) can be further investigated as anthropogenic markers due to their high detection frequency at high concentrations. Spatial use patterns revealed that acesulfame (5.31 g/d/1000 inhabitants (inh)) and cyclamate (8.16 g/d/1000 inh) use in northern China notably surpassed that in southern China (1.79 g/d/1000 inh and 3.23 g/d/1000 inh, p < 0.05). Conversely, chili pepper use was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in southern China (6702 g/d/1000 inh) than in northern China (2751 g/d/1000 inh), signifying a preference for sweetness in the northern regions and a predilection for spiciness in the southern regions. The total annual use of acesulfame (1842 t), cyclamate (3110 t), and chili (18.4 million tonnes) in China was estimated by this study, which was close to the national statistical production. In addition, sweetener use was negatively associated with the elderly population ratio, suggesting that the elderly population might not consume sweet foods. This study reveals the dietary sources of anthropogenic markers, highlighting the need for further research on the environmental implications of such markers.

The Impact of the Demographic Transition on the Total Factor Productivity in Türkiye

The demographic transition would affect almost every aspect of life and our surroundings and could lead to significant changes and consequences in the social and economic sub-systems. In addition, it is a vital factor in economics. Therefore, a deep understanding of demographic transitions, characteristics, and dimensions would be helpful due to better managing the consequences and preparing for the future. The aim of this paper is to explore the impact of Türkiye's demographic transition on total factor productivity (TFP) from 1970 to 2021 using a Probit model. The results indicate that factors such as dependency ratio, elderly population ratio, youth population ratio, deaths per 1000 people, life expectancy, population density, gross capital formation per capita, and manufacturing production can increase the likelihood of TFP growth. However, factors such as capital stock, urban population, and births per 1000 people are shown to potentially reduce this likelihood.

Regional demographic changes and financial independence of local governments in Korea

Regional disparities in Korea are gradually intensifying, coupled with changes in regional demographic characteristics. Despite the implementation of various policies, progress concerning decentralization and securing the financial independence of local governments have not been very effective. The widening of the gap between the regions is due to changes in the regional populations. This study analyzes policy countermeasures based on the relationship between population changes and the degree of financial independence among regions. We empirically analyzed the influencing factors in the financial independence of the local government using a spatial panel model with a longitudinal approach. The spatial range includes 225 municipal and provincial government units. Our results suggest that demographic characteristics, such as the elderly population ratio, population size, and population growth rate, have diverse relationships with the local government's financial independence. Local governments with a high proportion of the elderly population are likely to face low levels of financial independence and high dependency on central government subsidies. It is important to consider the criteria that exacerbate the financial conditions and sustainability of local governments. Active management and assistance policies from the central government can support those local governments with low financial independence ratios and unstable demographic characteristics.

PS-C37-4: COMPARISON OF A SALT CHECK SHEET WITH ESTIMATED URINARY SALT EXCRETION MEASUREMENT IN HYPERTENSIVES OF AIZU REGION IN TOHOKU AREA

Objective: We evaluated the salt check sheet developed by Tsuchihashi et al. for the patients with hypertension in Aizu region in Tohoku area of rural, high ageing population ratio and higher salt concentration within foods, because there have been very few such evaluation in this area. Methods: In outpatients with hypertension of our hospital of Aizu region, we analyzed the correlation between check-sheet scores and estimated 24-h urinary salt excretion levels to assess the appropriateness of the check sheet. We asked 150 patients to complete the salt check sheet and spot urine specimens; 24-h urinary salt excretion levels were estimated with the formula reported by Tanaka. Result: 138 subjects completed the study (men/women: 89/49, mean ± s.d., age: 65.4 ± 12.3 years, blood pressure: 130.8 ± 13.9/75.4 ± 11.5 mm Hg), of whom all were treated antihypertensive drugs. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.5 ± 4.8 kg/m2, and 46.4% (64/138) of the subjects were obese (BMI&gt; 25 kg/m2. The total salt check-sheet scores were distributed from 1 to 13 points (mean ± s.d.: 9.3 ± 2.88 points). The mean estimated 24-h urinary salt excretion level was 10.2 ± 3.1 g (3.6–19.6 g). The total salt check-sheet scores significantly correlated with the 24-h urinary salt excretion levels (r = 0.882; P &lt; 0.01), also in both of 65 years old age or younger group (r = 0.848; P &lt; 0.05; n = 63) and the &gt; 65 years old age group (r = 0.924; P &lt; 0.05; n = 75), both men (r = 0.869; P &lt; 0.05, n = 89) and women (r = 0.924; P &lt; 0.05, n = 48) and both in the obese group (r = 0.910; P &lt; 0.05; n = 65), but not in the nonobese group (r = 0.851; P &lt; 0.05; n = 73). Conclusion: The salt check sheet is applicable for the hypertensives of Aizu region of rural and high elderly population ratio.

The number of physicians is related to the number of nighttime emergency surgeries in Japan: An ecological study.

Increasing the number of physicians per population may improve the quality of medical services, but there are few reports on this aspect in the field of surgery. This study aimed to examine whether the number of physicians is associated with the number of nighttime emergency surgeries, which may be one of the indicators of the quality of medical services in the field of surgery. This was a prefecture-based ecological study utilizing open data from Japanese government surveys conducted between 2015 and 2019. The relationship between the number of physicians and the number of nighttime emergency surgeries in 47 prefectures of Japan was evaluated by correlation analysis and panel data regression analysis. The correlation analysis was conducted between the number of physicians per 100,000 population and the number of nighttime emergency surgeries per 100,000 population per year in each prefecture in Japan. In the panel data regression analysis, panel data of the prefectures in Japan from 2015 to 2019 were created. We evaluated whether the number of physicians was related to the number of nighttime emergency surgeries, independent of the number of acute care beds per 100,000 population, population density, and the elderly population ratio. From the correlation analysis, the correlation coefficient between the number of physicians per 100,000 population and the number of nighttime emergency surgeries per 100,000 population was 0.533 (P < 0.001). In the panel data regression analysis, there was a significant association between the number of physicians per 100,000 population and the number of nighttime emergency surgeries per 100,000 population (P < 0.001). The regression coefficient (95% confidence interval) for the number of physicians per 100,000 population was 0.246 (0.113-0.378). The number of physicians is associated with the number of nighttime emergency surgeries.

기초자치단체별 급성기 뇌졸중 사망률과 지역사회 위험요인 분석

We aim to elucidate the discrepancies in acute stroke mortality among primary local governments and identify the risk factors of the mortality at loco-regional level to establish tailored health policies in Korea.&#x0D; From January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019, the mortality rates of patients who died from stroke within 30 days of hospitalization in 226 municipalities were analyzed using the claims data accumulated by Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Demographic factors (elderly population ratio, gender ratio, alcohol consumption rate, smoking rate, subjective health status awareness), socioeconomic factors (ratio of old houses, financial autonomy rate, rate of medical aid beneficiaries) and medical resource factors (number of hospitals/ doctors) were analyzed.&#x0D; Acute stroke mortality rate in Korea is 12.1 ± 2.2%. The region with the lowest mortality rate is Gyeonggi Province (local government mainly consisting of urban cities) and regions with the highest mortality rates are North Chungcheong Province and South Jeolla. The elderly population is associated with mortality using overall nationwide data. It was also risk factor for stroke mortality in the cities or counties in rural areas. The male-female ratio, alcohol consumption rate, financial autonomy rate, and number of hospitals in the region were also mortality risk factors based on the data of urban cities.&#x0D; Based on the results from counties, the proportion of elderly population and financial autonomy rate were found to be a significant risk factor for stroke mortality in small towns in rural areas. Regional differences of acute stroke mortality were also found.&#x0D; Aside from demographic factors (proportion of elderly population), socioeconomic factors (financial autonomy rate) were identified as risk factors for acute stroke mortality. Collectively, it is necessary to build health care policies that address the health inequality at the loco-regional level.

다층모형을 활용한 노인의 사회적 고립 분석

The purposes of this study were to examine individual and regional factors affecting the social isolation of older people and to suggest approaches to alleviate social isolation of older people based on the results. For the study, the data of the｢Survey on Age Integration and Generational Integration｣and administrative statistics were used. Data from 600 people aged 65 years and older were analyzed through a two-level hierarchical linear model(HLM). This study found that first, the the ratio of regional-level variance to the total variance in social isolation of tolder people was 17.5%, confirming that the multi-level model application was appropriate. Second, it was found that the lower the self-esteem and family solidarity at the individual level, the higher the level of social isolation of older people. Third, at the regional level, the social isolation of older people was higher as they lived in areas with a lower elderly population ratio. In other words, even considering the influence of individual-level variables, it was confirmed that there was a difference in the level of social isolation of older people according to the ratio of the elderly population in the area where they lived. With this results, discussions were presented to prevent and alleviate social isolation of older people.

Employment and Unemployment Markers in the Current Situation

One of the major challenges for the economic development of Georgia is how to increase the rate of employment and decrease the rate of unemployment. At the current stage of economic and social development of Georgia, it is very important to raise an employment rate and to decrease an unemployment rate. This complex problem is subject to constant changes over time. Therefore, the continuous research in this field is and will stay very important. It is a priority for the economic development of the country to make relevant political steps to decrease unempoyment and increase employment. In order to develop efficient economic policy to decrease unemployment and increase employment, it is important to conduct a thorough market analysis and implement necessary steps to get better results. This article analyzes the current situation in terms of employment and unemployment, provides relevant latest data and describes the existing circumstances based on the analysis of these data. In this article, the focus is made on an important issue affecting unemployment, such as migration processes. Both external and internal migration makes an important impact on the current unemployment rate in the country. Internal migration may lead to positive as well as negative consequences. The article indicates that the consequences are considered to be positive, if the population migration is directed from the regions with the surplus of workforce to the regions with the shortage of workforce, which certainly leads to the lower unemployment rate in the country; on the other hand, the consequences are negative when an excessive number of people are migrating from certain regions, making it impossible to develop these regions in the future; also such migration increases the population in the big cities, which leads to worsened leaving conditions and poor municipal services in these cities. Besides, the article focuses on external migration processes: emigration and immigration as important aspects affecting the unemployment. Both of them have positive and negative consequences. In case of emigration, a positive consequence can be if the surplus of the workforce is leaving the country. This decreases the rate of unemployment; while the negative consequences will entail, if the workforce of employment age, mainly young people, are leaving the country. This creates a problem in the country with a low birth rate and puts even the population replacement under danger. It is well known that migration of the population influences the demographic structure of the population. The migration mostly involves the population of working age, mainly young people. The population increases in regions which are receiving migrants. Namely, the ratio of young population is increasing. In the regions from which people are emigrating, the absolute number of population is decreasing and withing the age structure, the ratio of elderly population is increasing. Besides, the article reviews a negative impact inflicted by COVID-19, declared as the world pandemic by the World Health Orgrnization, on different social and economic aspects of the country. The article also discusses the main challenges of the labor market – the high rate of unemployment, the employment structure and a low productivity of self-employed. For the past few years, there have been drastic demographic changes, which results in a decreased workforce. These demographic changes are caused by people leaving the country as well as by the unstable birth rates. Besides, “brain drain” during the short period of time leads to the loss of intellectual asset of the country. However, if these people come back, it may have a very positive impact on the labor market: it will increase the number of qualified people in the country and it will have a positive influence on the economy of the country and its growth. Keywords: labor market; employment; unemployment; economically active population; workforce; employed; self-employed; modern challenges; impact of the pandemic.

COVID-19 mortality in Istanbul in association with air pollution and socioeconomic status: an ecological study.

This study aims to reveal the relationship between the COVID-19 mortality indicators and socioeconomic status (SES) and air pollution. In this ecological study, the focus was put on the relationship between COVID-19 mortality and both air quality and socioeconomic status at the district level in Istanbul. The mortality variables of the study are the excess deaths due to the pandemic, the proportion of deaths due to the pandemic among all deaths, COVID-19 mortality rate (per 100,000), and the proportion of COVID-19 deaths among older people (above the age of 65). The daily air quality measurements of PM10, SO2, NO2, and NOx of the pre-pandemic term were included in the research to avoid bias due to decreasing traffic burden during the pandemic. Partial correlation was applied to analyze the relationship between air quality and mortality measures by controlling socioeconomic status, the percentage of the older population, and household size. Every 20% deterioration in the SES stratum has contributed to a 4% increase in excess mortality at the district level. The elderly population ratio of over 10% in the districts was found to increase the COVID-19 deaths in the total population by 35% and the deaths in the population over 65 years old by 3%. Average household size was correlated with COVID-19 deaths in the population over 65. A moderate correlation was found between the COVID-19 mortality rate per 100,000 population and PM10, SO2, and NO2 (r = 0.413, 0.421, and 0.431, respectively). Mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Istanbul is related to an interaction of socioeconomic characteristics and air pollution as an environmental issue.

Implement a Portable Smart Device for Elder Health Care

The population structure of Taiwan is evolving toward aged society. The ratio of elderly population over total population is increasingly approaching to 1/4 or above, leading to the increasing demand of the aged care in Taiwanese society. Further the increasing the long-term care cost would have a great impact on National financial burden. As for the delimitation on the growth rate of the elder population, we would like to develop an auxiliary aid capable of reminding people’s daily exercise, as well as detecting the people’s aged degree. In this study we implement such an aid by a cost-effective, intelligent ring type sensor capable of measuring people’s essential tremor as well as recording people’s daily exercise/showing them up at a user friendly interface. Based on the state of the art sensor technology, the intelligent sensor comes out to be capable of recording aged people’s essential tremor spectrum via fast Fourier transform (FFT) and their daily exercise simultaneously. With gathering both of detecting information, the sensor would be transmitting the information in a real-time fashion toward people’s cellular phone via a Bluetooth interface. Then an application on the phone could evaluate the degree of the aging and show the daily sport records toward the medical staff at the remote site. In order encourage elderly people to exercise and prevent elderly people from falling accidentally, the device also has fall warning function. It is believed via such a surveillance on elder people and referring their daily sport records in a long term fashion, the phenomenon of population aging could be effectively improved.

Ageing and Elderly Care in Kerala

This article presents an overview of the elderly in Kerala and describes various dimensions of elderly care and concerns, based on data from the Kerala Ageing Survey (KAS) 2013, conducted by the Centre for Development Studies (CDS), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. The article looks into the main issues, policies and programmes related to ageing and elderly care practices in Kerala and also addresses the basic care response at three levels: household, institutional and society. The ageing process in Kerala is witnessing an increase in the ratio of elderly population along with fundamental changes in families and communities. Hence, in order to accommodate the needs of the ageing population in society, various systems need to be reconstructed. The concerns and issues surrounding the ageing population requires long-term attentiveness and forward planning, where policies must be adopted with consideration for cultural and social contexts. Care for the elderly should focus on a holistic combination of health care, socio-economic protection and provision of a suitable environment for better quality of life.

Impact of Geographical Variations on the Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Japan.

Emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) is an urgent social and public health problem. Here, we carried out an epidemiological survey to clarify the geographical characteristics and factors influencing the prevalence of MDRO. Data on the prevalence of MDRO in 47 prefectures in Japan were extracted from the Japanese Nosocomial Infection Surveillance, a nationwide database for infection control. Potential factors for MDRO were analyzed using data selected from the pharmacological, medical service, infection control, environmental, social, and food-related categories, based on the characteristics of each organism and the correlations between them and MDRO prevalence. Statistical data for potential factors were obtained from public domains. The use of antibiotics was found to be correlated with the prevalence of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, 3rd-generation cephalosporin- and fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Negative correlation between the consumption of food such as kelp and fermented soybeans that facilitate the growth of lactic acid bacteria and the prevalence of 3rd-generation cephalosporin- and fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli suggested an association between the intestinal microflora and MDRO colonization. In addition to the use of antibiotics, lifestyle, food culture, and social factors such as tobacco smoking, average atmospheric temperature, prevalence of three-generation households, ratio of elderly population, average duration of tourist stay, chicken and fermented soybean consumption, and the competency of healthcare services may also affect MDRO prevalence.

Environmental policy effectiveness on residential natural gas use in OECD countries

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the environmental policy on residential natural gas use (RNGU) incorporating the role of economic, demographic and environmental factors in the context of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. To this end, the study applies the Cross-Sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lags (CS-ARDL) approach to analyse panel time-series data ranging from 1980 to 2016. The analysis demonstrates the environmental policy is an effective tool in reducing RNGU. This study also finds that energy price and income negatively and positively influence RNGU respectively in the long run. Demographic factors e.g. population, population density and elderly population ratio augment RNGU in the long run. A rise in temperature is inversely associated with RNGU in the long run. Based on the empirical evidence this study emphasizes on the proper implementation of the undertaken environmental policies towards the sustainable development agendas.

도시와 비도시지역의 빈집특성에 관한 연구

Vacant Houses that are abandoned and damage the aesthetics of the city in addition to being a waste of resources are emerging as a social problem. Based on the Population, Housing Census of the National Statistical Offices, the comparison results between the metropolitan area and five other metropolitan cities and provinces are analyzed for the factors that results to the vacancies in ’other’ vacant houses and ’vacant houses (including houses marked for demolition)’. Multiple regression analysis was used for the analysis. The factors affecting vacancy were classified into socioeconomic factors and housing situation factors. The results of this study were as follows: First, there was a negative (-) relationship among the elderly population ratio in the metropolitan area and the 5 metropolitan cities and provinces. Second, the ratio of old-age housing has a negative correlation with the dependent variable in the provinces. The result of this analysis highlights the importance of urban inflows and thorough management of government and local governments.

Determinants of Disaster Management Budget in Local Autonomies - Focused on Disaster Vulnerability Factors -

The purpose of this study is to explore the determinants affecting the disaster management budget, focusing on disaster-vulnerable groups in local autonomies. For this purpose, we analyzed the five-year panel data of 226 local governments in South Korea from 2012 to 2016 using the Panel Corrected Standard Error (PCSE) and Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) methods. The PCSE method showed that the ratio of elderly population and the number of businesses had a positive effect, while the ratio of basic livelihood security recipients and local share tax had a negative effect. However, the GMM method controlling endogeneity revealed that incrementalism was a positive factor but the ratio of elderly population and the ratio of basic livelihood security recipients were found insignificant. These results confirmed that the role of disaster- vulnerable groups as determinants of disaster management budget is unclear for local autonomies in South Korea.

The Influence of Older Parents' Care-giving Activities on Labor Supply of Adult Children:A Study Based on CFPS

With the increasingly rise in the elderly population ratio and the gradually severe aging crisis in other countries, our society perceive unprecedented fear of the arrival of aging society. Although the elderly would increase family and society burdens in some respects, the above view may overlook the close social and economic linkage among family members between generations. Therefore, it may neglect or underestimate the social value of the Chinese elderly in providing family care activities and their impacts on the younger generation.According to the existing researches and data availability in CFPS database, we divide the older parents' care-giving activities into taking care of grandchildren and helping children with their housework. Also we divide the adult children's labor supply variable into labor participation and working hours. Then we try to analyze the impact of elderly parents' care-giving activities on their adult children's labor supply. What's more, we also take the differences between male and female, rural and urban residents into account, and get some interesting findings.Our results indicate that the elderly's taking care of their grandchildren can significantly improve their adult children's labor supply. For example, male labor participation rate increases by 6.3%, while women increase by 14.3%. Thus, its impact on women is much greater than men. Otherwise, the influence on rural and urban residents is also quite different; precisely the impact on rural residents' labor participation rate is greater than the urban ones, and the impact on the city residents' labor supply mainly reflects in the work time. Inequality in public services and the differences in employment ability between urban and rural residents are important reasons for the heterogeneity problem.The policy implication of this paper is that, in the context of rapid globalization and urbanization, the government should support and guide the construction of modern families that proceed from national conditions on the basis of maintaining the traditional excellent family ethics and culture. We should take advantage of fiscal and taxation policies to alleviate the economic pressure of childcare and elderly caring on adult children, gradually solve the increasingly serious gender discrimination in the employment market, and progressively eliminate the public service benefits inequality caused by the household registration system.In short, this paper mainly expands the existing research in the following three aspects. First, combining with the particularity of Chinese family culture, we try to explain the contradiction between the increase in the proportion of elderly population ratio and the high level of labor supply of adult children from the perspective of the elderly's role in taking care of grandchildren and helping children with their housework. Second, after fully considering the differences between families in the level of income, property, age, residence and family structure, we empirically analyzes the influence of older parents' care-giving activities on the labor supply of their adult children. Third, we try to solve the endogeneity by using instrumental variables, which would avoid the estimation errors effectively and thus make the estimation results more reliable because it effectively avoids the estimation errors.