Ratio Of Different Types Research Articles

Synergistic enhancement of rheological and anti-aging properties of asphalt modified with bio-oil and layered silicate

Applying bio-oil to asphalt pavement effectively reduces the dependence on traditional petroleum asphalt in pavement industry. However, the utilization of bio-oil can encounter rutting and aging issue of modified asphalt. To solve the aforementioned issue, two kinds of organic layered silicates with typical structures were adopted to enhance the high-temperature and anti-aging performance of the bio-modified asphalt. The modification mechanism and the synergistic effect of bio-oil and organic layered silicate on asphalt were explored through rheological characterization, infrared spectroscopy tests, gel chromatography tests, etc. Results showed that the incorporation of layered silicate in bio-modified asphalt can improve asphalt-filler interaction and hence the high-temperature and fatigue performance of asphalt. When the content of layered silicate is 5 %, the negative effect of Castor oil on the high-temperature performance of asphalt can be eliminated. Still, for Turpentine wood oil and Straw oil, the content of layered silicate is 7 %, which shows the same effect. The waste bio-oils can balance the low-temperature performance of asphalt modified with layered silicates. Furthermore, the addition of layered silicates was effective to reduce oxidation reaction and improve the anti-aging performance of bio-oil modified asphalt. When the ratio of layered silicate to bio-oil is 1 1, the composite-modified asphalt maintains the best anti-aging performance. Specifically, Castor oil, Straw oil, and OMMT are more suitable, and Turpentine wood oil and OREC are more appropriate. According to the quantification of the functional group aging index, the SI and CI of the optimal ratio of different types of bio-oil asphalt are Castor oil: 61.64 % and 59.41 %, Turpentine wood oil: 50.02 % and 53.57 %, Straw oil: 50.01 % and 55.05 %. Composite modified asphalt can be applied to complex service conditions.

CHARACTERISTICS OF IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN THE RAT UNDER CONDITIONS OF TOXIC INJURY WITH ACETAMINOPHEN

The aim of this work was to to determine the integral leukocyte indices in animals with toxic damage by acetaminophen on the background of protein deficiency. The study was conducted on 4 groups of animals: Group I - control animals (K); II – rats kept on a low-protein diet (LPD); ІІІ – animals with acetaminophen-induced liver injury receiving complete ration (AII); IV – animals with acetaminophen-induced liver injury that were previously maintained on semi-synthetic low-protein ration (LPD/AII). Preparation of blood smears, their fixation and staining was carried out by the generally accepted method. The ratio of different types of leukocytes in stained blood smears was calculated using a standard method using a leukocyte counter and a microscope (eyepiece × 10, objective × 100). Standard formulas were used to calculate integral hematological indices. It was established that the supply of protein in the diet is critical for the functioning of the immune system under conditions of acetaminophen intoxication, since under these conditions there is a change in leukocyte indices, in particular, the index of immunoreactivity, the index of leukocyte shift, the index of the ratio of neutrophils and lymphocytes, the index of the reactive response of neutrophils, which indicates the intensification of inflammatory processes in the body and the formation of defects in the cellular link of immunity, disruption of the mechanisms of the specific immune response and the formation of a state of endotoxicosis. The obtained results can be used to develop approaches to the early diagnosis of impaired immunoreactivity in animals with toxic damage by acetaminophen against the background of dietary protein deficiency, while the studied integral hematological indicators can be used as additional early diagnostic markers of impaired immunoreactivity and endotoxicosis. Key words: acetaminophen, dietary protein deficiency, leukocytes, immunoreactivity indices

Occurrence and significance of elevated D-dimer levels in different types of osteomyelitis: a clinical study.

Plasma D-dimer levels >0.5 mg/L are encountered in various conditions besides venous thromboembolism (VTE). Recent studies use them as a prognostic indicator for systemic and inflammatory diseases. The clinical significance of abnormal levels is unclear in osteomyelitis patients with baseline elevation. Our study reviews the occurrence and significance of >0.5 mg/L D-dimer levels in different types of osteomyelitis. This study involved 125 individuals, out of which 94 were male and 31 were female. The patients were divided into two groups based on the results of bacterial culture testing. Group A comprised those who tested positive for bacterial culture, while group B included those who tested negative. Out of 68 samples tested, 56% were found to have Staphylococcus aureus. All 125 patients underwent blood testing, which included measuring the D-dimer levels, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR), and MHR monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio in different types of osteomyelitis. The statistical analysis of these tests was carried out. Although there were no significant differences in white blood cell (WBC) count, Neutrophil count, Lymphocyte count, or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as well as the NLR, PLR, LMR, MHR, HDL-C ratio. The C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly higher in group A (26.13±50.30) than in group B (10.76±18.70) (p<0.05). D-dimer levels were elevated in 40.8% of patients with bacterial culture-positive osteomyelitis, negative culture osteomyelitis, implants with fractures, and no trauma osteomyelitis. No correlation was found between the increase in D-dimer levels and the presence of bacterial culture or implant-related osteomyelitis in patients. No significant correlation was found between D-dimers and osteomyelitis, including positive bacterial cultures, implant-related osteomyelitis, or osteomyelitis without trauma. However, 40% of the patients had higher D-dimer levels.

WD‐XRF technique for speciation of iron and quantification of its oxidation states in geological samples using L‐series of iron X‐ray spectrum

AbstractWavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WD‐XRF) spectrometry is a fast and widely used technique for elemental analysis of geological samples from Na to U. However, it has seldom been applied for quantitative determination of oxidation states of elements in complex matrices. In this study, we present a method to determine the oxidation states of iron in geological samples by WD‐XRF. We used the FeLα1,2 fluorescence line as a tool for iron speciation and Fe(II)/Fetotal ratio determination. We found that the normalized intensity (peak height) of FeLα1,2 fluorescence line was linearly correlated with the spin multiplicity (2S + 1) of ferrous and ferric content in the samples. To account for the matrix effects of chemical environment (matrix and chemical bonding) on FeLα1,2 fluorescence line, we introduced a chemical index factor (μ) that enabled accurate determination of Fe(II)/Fetotal ratio in different types of geological samples. The method was validated using international certified reference materials and their mixtures and obtained promising results, with only 6 out of 55 determinations showing relative error more than 5% of the certified values.

Effects of Trapped Gas in Fracture-Pore Carbonate Reservoirs

Abstract Fracture-pore carbonate reservoirs exhibit strong microscopic heterogeneity and complex seepage characteristics, resulting in suboptimal oil-drive efficiency and development outcomes. Moreover, water channeling is often a serious problem in the development of fractured porous carbonate rocks, and the blockage of degassed bubbles in the throat is one of the reasons that cannot be ignored. In order to reveal the degree of influence of bubbles on waterflood sweep, this paper employs microfluidic technology to design three distinct chips, namely fracture-type, composite-type, and cave-type, to visually illustrate the influence of the gas phase on three-phase flow. A quantification method is established to analyze the variation characteristics of pore diameter utilization ratio in different types of carbonate reservoirs. Compared with water flooding experiments without the gas phase, the recovery factor of water flooding with the presence of the gas phase decreases by 0.6%, 3.4%, and 15.3% for three distinct chips, respectively. In fracture-type reservoirs, the main focus is on sealing the primary fracture seepage channel and mitigating the shielding effect of the gas phase on matrix utilization. For composite-type reservoirs, the primary objective is to seal fractures and eliminate the shielding effect of the gas phase. In cave-type reservoirs, the primary goal is to eliminate the sealing effect caused by the discontinuous gas phase within small pore throats.

FAST ASSESSMENT OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION TYPE IN DOGS USING BASIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES

"Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex hemodynamic condition defined by increased pulmonary vasculature pressure. The precise diagnostic can be obtained by evaluating the clinical status of the patient, performing complex imaging methods and by direct assessment of pulmonary arterial pressure. Invasive methods are considered golden standard; however, these techniques are limited in animals with respiratory failure. Previous studies aimed to evaluate the cut-off value of the PV/PA ratio in different types of PH in dogs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to correlate the type of PH with the changes of the pulmonary vein to pulmonary artery ratio (PV/PA) in dogs assessed by transthoracic echocardiography. The ratio was assessed using the right parasternal long axis view of the heart in B-mode and Mmode. This retrospective study included thirty-nine dogs presented for cardiologic examination at our Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Dogs were divided in three groups as following: control group (n=10), precapillary PH group (n=16) and postcapillary PH group (n=13). The median and interquartile range (M±IQR) of the PV/PA ratio were 0.95 (0.79– 1.5) in the control group, 0.85 (0.55-0.92) in precapillary PH group and 1.86 (1.44-2.16) in the postcapillary PH group. The area under the curve (AUC) for the PV/PA ratio comparison between the control and postcapillary PH groups was 1 (P&lt;0.05), suggesting a cut-off ratio of 1.17 for the postcapillary PH group. This value is lower than the previous suggested value (&gt;1.7). The importance of this finding derives from the ability to observe early changes induced by PH in dogs diagnosed with different stages of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), even when the tricuspid regurgitating jet cannot be assessed."

A network system for the prevention and treatment of mushroom poisoning in Chuxiong Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China: implementation and assessment

BackgroundMushroom poisoning is a major public health issue in China. The integration of medical resources from different institutes of different levels is crucial in reducing the harm of mushroom poisoning. However, few studies have provided comprehensive implementation procedures and postimplementation effectiveness evaluations. To reduce the harm caused by mushroom poisoning, a network system for the prevention and treatment of mushroom poisoning (NSPTMP) was established in Chuxiong, Yunnan Province, a high-risk area for mushroom poisoning.MethodsThe NSPTMP consists of three types of institutions, namely, centers for disease prevention, hospitals, and health administration departments, with each kind of institution comprising prefecture, county/city, town, and village levels. After three years of implementation, the network was evaluated by comparing the indices before and after network implementation using data from the “Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System” and 17 hospitals in Chuxiong. The indices included the fatalities caused by mushroom poisoning, the composition ratios of different types of mushrooms for both outpatients and inpatients and the hospitalization rates.ResultsCompared to the average fatality rate of mushroom poisoning from 2015 to 2017, the average fatality rate from 2018 to 2020 significantly decreased from 0.57 to 0.06% (P < 0.001). Regarding the poisonous genus containing lethal mushrooms, the outpatient and inpatient composition ratios significantly decreased for Amanita (9.36–2.91% and 57.23–17.68%, respectively) and Russula (15.27–8.41%) (P < 0.05). Regarding poisonous mushrooms that caused mild symptoms, the outpatient and inpatient composition ratios significantly increased for Scleroderma (5.13–13.90% and 2.89–18.90%, respectively) and Boletaceae (19.08–31.71%) (P < 0.05), and the hospitalization rates significantly increased for Scleroderma (6.33–18.02%) and Boletaceae (5.65–12.71%) (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the NSPTMP effectively reduced the harm caused by mushroom poisoning. In addition to the integration of medical resources, the development of poisonous mushroom identification, hierarchical treatment systems in hospitals, public education, and professional training also played important roles in improving the system’s effectiveness. The establishment and evaluation of the NSPTMP in Chuxiong Prefecture can provide valuable insights and serve as a model for other regions facing similar challenges in managing mushroom poisoning.

The Seepage Mechanism of Micro Remaining Oil During Cyclic Waterflooding in Low-permeability Reservoir

To explore the flow mechanism of micro-remaining oil during cyclic waterflooding in low-permeability reservoir, the displacement effect of micro-remaining oil under conventional waterflooding and different rounds of cyclic waterflooding was investigated by using a micro-visual displacement experiment based on microfluidics model. The produced ratio of different types of micro remaining oil during cyclic waterflooding was quantified, and major types of micro remaining oils that can be applied effectively during cyclic waterflooding were analyzed. Moreover, the flow mechanism of micro remaining oil during cyclic waterflooding was investigated. Research results demonstrated that clustering type remaining oil and columnar type remaining oil were major types that were applied during cyclic waterflooding. After three rounds of cyclic waterflooding, clustering-type remaining oil decreased by 2.50% on average, and columnar-type remaining oil decreased by 0.81% on average. The major mechanism of cyclic waterflooding is introduced as follows: at intervals of cyclic waterflooding, clustering type remaining oil and columnar type remaining oil exchange with water in pores, throats, and spaces between big and small pores due to the fluctuation of pressure field and effect of capillary force. As a result, oil and water redistribute. Clustering-type remaining oil and columnar-type remaining oil become movable oils.

Optimization Method for Land Use of the Xi’an Rail Transit Station Area Based on a Multi-Objective Model

For the intensive, efficient, and sustainable utilization of land resources, it is of great significance to optimize the spatial allocation of different types of land use intensity in rail transit station areas. The current land use optimization model has some shortcomings in objective function, constraint conditions, and the solution process. In response to this, a new multi-objective optimization model for rail transit station land use was built. With station space efficiency as the starting point, the three objectives of the model optimization were the traffic volume, environment quality, and land balance of the rail transit station, and the constraint conditions were the plot ratio, environment quality, and efficiency level. Lingo was used to solve the optimal plot ratio of different types of land use intensity. Compared with the non-inferior solution of the rail transit station area multi-objective original model, the ideal plot ratio of various land uses obtained by the optimized new model was more reasonable. There was a relatively large gap between the non-inferior solutions of some original models and the actual conditions. In contrast, the optimized new model had stronger maneuverability. The deviation ranges of the two models were −0.4% to 0.9% on the residential land plot ratio adjustment index, −3.2% to 4.8% on the public land plot ratio adjustment index, and 1.1% to 1.9% on the commercial land plot ratio adjustment index. This research aimed to provide a basis and reference for the land use and planning of Xi’an rail transit station.

Features of changes in the expression level of TNFα receptors and the functional response of cell lines upon stimulation with various doses of cytokine

TNFa is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is signaled through type 1 (TNFR1) and type 2 (TNFR2) receptors. TNFR1 normally mediates apoptosis, cell survival, and cytokine secretion, while TNFR2 selectively mediates cell survival and cytokine secretion. But in some cases, when receptors are activated, the functional response of cells changes to the opposite. Activation of signaling pathways has its own triggers, which differ in the interaction between different forms of cytokine and different forms of receptor complexes, as well as changes in the ratio of different types of receptors. The study of the mechanisms of regulation in the ligand-receptor system is a priority task for many studies. This work shows the dose-dependent effect of TNFa on the expression of cytokine receptors and changes in the functional response of tumor cell lines of various origins. For this, a comparative assessment of the expression and co-expression of receptors, cell cycle phases and apoptosis of cell lines without stimulation and stimulated with TNFa at concentrations of 5 and 50 ng/mL was carried out. It was found that the K562 cell line was characterized by more pronounced changes in receptor co-expression, which were observed at a TNFa concentration of 50 ng/mL compared to both the control group and the 5 ng/mL group. The decrease in the relative content of cells expressing only TNFR1 was combined with a decrease in the percentage of cells in apoptosis, which confirms the literature data on the role of this receptor in the development of apoptosis. At the same time, no changes in expression density were observed for this cell line. For the ZR75-1 cell line, the largest number of effects was also found for a TNFa concentration of 50 ng/mL. An increase in the relative content of cells expressing only TNFR2 was combined with an increase in apoptosis; however, the expression density of this type of receptor was low, which could affect the switching of signaling pathways towards proapoptotic ones. Thus, our study allowed us to reveal the features of changes in the expression and co-expression of TNFa receptors characteristic of cell lines of various origins, as well as changes in the functional response of cells in response to stimulation with different doses of cytokine. All this allows us to expand our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms in the cytokine-receptor system.

The influence of different previous cancer histories on the diagnostic efficacy of Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System.

For lung cancer screening in patients with previous malignant tumors, Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) and other lung cancer screening tools are controversial in terms of requirements for the previous cancer history. This study investigated the effect of the length and type of malignancy history on the diagnostic efficacy of Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) 2022 in pulmonary nodules (PNs). Chest computed tomography and clinical data of PNs in patients with a history of cancer who underwent surgical resection in The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 1, 2018, to November 30, 2021, were retrospectively collected and evaluated based on Lung-RADS. All PNs were divided into 2 groups: the prior lung cancer (PLC) and the prior extrapulmonary cancer (PEPC) groups. Each group was divided into the ≥5 years and <5 years groups based on the duration of cancer history. The diagnostic agreement of Lung-RADS was evaluated based on the pathological diagnosis of nodules after operation. The diagnostic agreement rate (AR) of Lung-RADS and the composition ratios of different types between different groups were calculated and compared. A total of 451 patients with 565 PNs were included in this study. These patients were divided into the PLC group (<5 years: 135 cases, 175 PNs; ≥5 years: 9 cases, 12 PNs) and the PEPC group (<5 years: 219 cases, 278 PNs; ≥5 years: 88 cases, 100 PNs). The diagnostic AR of partial solid nodules (93.0%; 95% CI: 88.7-97.2%) and solid nodules (88.1%; 95% CI: 84.1-92.1%) was close (P=0.13), while both were higher than that of the pure ground-glass nodules (24.0%; 95% CI: 17.5-30.4%; all P values <0.001). Within 5 years, the composition ratio of PNs and the diagnostic AR (PLC: 58.9%, 95% CI: 51.5-66.2%; PEPC: 76.6%, 95% CI: 71.6-81.6%) between the PLC and PEPC groups were all different (all P values <0.001), and the others [composition ratio of PNs & the diagnostic AR: PLC (≥5 years) vs. PEPC (≥5 years); PLC (<5 years) vs. PLC (≥5 years); PEPC (<5 years) vs. PEPC (≥5 years)] were similar (all P values >0.05; range: 0.10-0.93). The length of prior cancer history may affect the diagnostic agreement of Lung-RADS, especially for patients with prior lung cancer within 5 years.

A scoping and critical review of properties, standards, and regulations of oxo-biodegradable plastics

Based on recent scientific-technical developments referring to the transformation and biodegradation mechanisms of plastic compounds, progress has been made both in the conceptualization of relevant definitions and in the development of technical standards that allow determining, in a more precise and reproducible way, the ratio of biodegradability of a determined material. From these advances, they have developed, furthermore, the so-called oxo-biodegradable plastics, in which pro-oxidant additives are added to the raw polymer in such a way that allow a optimal abiotic transformation process (photo/thermo oxidation), producing the fragmentation of the material under suitable conditions for its simultaneous or successive biotic degradation (enzymatic oxidation). Although, currently, oxobiodegradable plastics are widely used in different applications such as, for example, in agriculture andsingle-use plastics, until very recently a technical standard was developed that allows determining the relative degradation ratio of different types of plastics under abiotic and biotic conditions. This process implies that for producers to be able to use specific terms of bio-degradation and oxo-biodegradation for advertising purposes that claim to offer an environmentally friendly product, the relevant entities must carry out metrological tests in light of the new definitions and technical standards. Furthermore, a large amount of specialized literature has been generated in which the bio-degradation ratio of oxobiodegradable plastics is determined in very specific environments and conditions. This review gives a detailed account of the different definitions and scientific concepts involved in oxo-/bio- degradation and shows how these concepts have evolved over time. It also shows the evolution of the technical standards, which, in general, are adapted to the new scientific and technical developments in the field of plastics. Finally, a detailed analysis of results reported in the scientific literature shows the dependence of oxo-biodegradation on different parameters (UV radiation, temperature, exposure time, type of enzymes), specific environments (soil, composting, waste, recycling, etc.), different types of plastics (LDPE, HDPE, LLDPE, pro-oxidant additives) and, finally, on different analytical techniques used (FTIR, DSC, TGA, SEM, tensile test).

Trends in the development of foundry production

An analysis of the state of foundry production in the world is presented, as well as an analysis of the state of foundry production in the Republic of Belarus. The dynamics of changes in production capacities, the degree of loading and the volume of production of castings for various types of alloys is shown. It is established that the structure of cast products produced both in the world and in the Republic of Belarus is in constant dynamics and there is a constant change in the ratio of production volumes from various alloys. The development of the foundry production of the Republic of Belarus as a whole is similar to the world foundry production, however, there is a certain time lag and certain differences in the ratio for different types of casting.

Coordinated Planning of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure and Renewables in Power Grids

This paper proposes a new planning model to coordinate the expansion of electric vehicle charging infrastructure (EVCI) and renewables in power grids. Firstly, individual electric vehicle (EV) charging behaviours are modeled considering EV customers adopting smart charging services as the main charging method and those using fast charging, super fast charging and battery swapping services as a complementary charging approach. Next, EV aggregation and the associated system economic dispatch model are built. A novel model predictive control (MPC) learning approach is then proposed to iteratively learn the correlation between different types of EV charging loads and the EV interactions with renewables and other generating units in modern power grids of the future. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach can be used to quantify the ratio of different types of charging loads in a region and strategically guide on the integration of EVs and renewables to achieve the clean energy transition goals. The proposed framework can also be used to decide charging capacity needs in a charging demand zone.

Study of goal programming approach in resource allocation in acute care hospitals

In this study, the goal programming approach is discussed which is used in hospitals to allocate resources. Two linear goal-programming models are included in the process. One model fixes the ratio of different types of cases that doctors see each year, while the other translates case mix decisions into a set of practice changes for doctors. Decision-makers may use the models to find the optimal case mix that maximizes profitability for the institution while minimizing negative impacts on physician compensation and clinical workflow.

Adaptive HEVC Steganography Based on Steganographic Compression Efficiency Degradation Model

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) places great emphasis on optimizing compression efficiency, where compression efficiency denotes file size ratio before and after compression. The current HEVC steganography is prone to cause degradation in compression efficiency. To analyze and avoid this problem, a Steganographic Compression Efficiency Degradation Model (SCEDM) is first proposed, which leverages the area ratio of different types of Coding Units (CU) as the distribution of block partitioning structure and combines with the K-L divergence to describe the compression efficiency degradation. By minimizing the output of the SCEDM, the degradation of compression efficiency caused by steganographies can be minimized. Besides, it is also proved that this minimizing process will not increase extra visual quality distortion. Based on this model, a novel adaptive steganography using HEVC intra block partitioning structure is proposed. This steganography consists of three parts: the CU Depth based Hierarchical Coding (CDHC) method, the structure merging strategy and the adaptive matching method. The CDHC method can convert secret binary bits to different block structures. The structure merging strategy improves the capacity, and the adaptive matching method minimizes the compression efficiency degradation according to the proposed SCEDM. The proposed steganography is further compared with state-of-the-art steganographies to confirm the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed model and steganography in compression efficiency, capacity, visual quality and resistance to video steganalysis.

TYPES OF POLARIZATION AND MODERN FEATURES OF THEIR RESEARCH

The article considers polarization as an extreme form of spatial differentiation. Its essence and complex multidimensional nature are noted. It allows to distinguish separate types of polarization for the research objectives. In general, there are five types of polarization - economic, social, ekistical, demographic and polarization of social and economic development processes. Their specificity, outstanding characteristics and ratios of different types of polarization are considered. Based on the works on polarization types of Russian and foreign experts since 2010 the key characteristics, modern peculiarities of research and indicators describing every type of polarization are outlined. The common features are also indicated. It suggests further prospects and features of the polarization types research. The common (designate an all-inclusive polarization types) and specific (characterizing the separate polarization types) perspectives are distinguished.

A Retrospective Study: ABO and Rh Phenotype Blood Group Distribution Amongst Different Types of Craniosynostosis Patients

Background: Craniosynostosis refers to the premature fusion of cranial sutures. Premature closure can impair brain development and cognitive problems. Only available treatment of craniosynostosis is through surgical intervention which is associated with excessive blood loss. Objectives: In this study, we investigate the prevalence of each ABO/Rh blood group amongst patients with different types of craniosynostosis. Methods: We included 163 patients, under craniosynostosis treatment, in Imam Hossein children’s hospital at Isfahan, Iran. A retrospective analysis was performed and the frequency of blood groups as well as types of craniosynostosis were reported. Moreover, the connection between ABO/Rh blood groups and the types of craniosynostosis was examined by chi-square test. Results: Of 163 cases reviewed; The majority of participants had blood group A positive (32.5%), followed by O positive (31.3%). The rest of the blood groups were reported in order: B positive (22.1%), B negative (4.9%), AB positive (4.3%), O negative (2.5%), A negative (1.8%), AB negative (0.6%). Also, the most common type of craniosynostosis was metopic (27%) and the other types were pansynostosis (23.9%), sagittal (21.5%), coronal (16.6%), multisuture (10.4%) and lambdoid (0.6%) respectively. Due to connection between ABO/Rh blood groups and the types of craniosynostosis, no significant relationship was observed. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it was found that the frequency of ABO blood groups in children with craniosynostosis can be different from the population of the same area. Also, the ratio of different types of craniosynostosis was different from previous data.

Experience of Application of GOST R 59638-2021 for the Analysis of Statistics of False Alarms of the Fire Alarm System on the Example of a Multifunctional Shopping and Entertainment Complex

Introduction. In 2021, new regulatory legal acts in the field of fire safety came into force. Special attention is paid to the control, classification and minimization of false alarms of fire protection systems and installations. In this regard, it makes sense to refer to the statistics of such triggers on specific objects in order to assess the sufficiency and validity of the criteria proposed in the new documents. The purpose of the work is to study the requirements for maintenance and operation of fire protection systems and installations. The objectives of this study are to study the main approaches to the regulation of false alarms of fire protection systems, analysis of the main quantitative indicators of the operation of systems of a particular object, assessment of the compliance of the protection object with new requirements.Materials and Methods. The empirical basis of the study was the results of constant monitoring of the state of fire protection systems and installations in one of the largest shopping and entertainment complexes in the South of Russia. The reports of the fire prevention service, data from the automated workplace of the operator of the fire station, records in operational logs were used. The information is summarized in tables by types of false alarms and by chronology. Calculations were performed in MS Excel. To identify the links between different types of false positives, a correlation analysis was carried out.Results. The connection between the number of false alarms and the intensity of work of tenants of the protection object is noted. The ratios of different types of false alarm and the significance of the triggering factors are determined. The correlation between false alarms and malfunctions of systems is revealed.Discussion and Conclusion. The methodology developed by the authors makes it possible to monitor malfunctions of fire alarm systems on an ongoing basis. A number of problematic issues of applying the classification of false alarms of the fire alarm system in GOST R 59638-2021 have been identified. A connection has been established between the number of false alarms and the intensity of the work of the tenants of the shopping center. The conclusion is made about the compliance of the protection object with the newly introduced requirements. The identified problematic issues of the application of GOST R 59638-2021 for statistical analysis in future studies force us to develop a different classification of false alarms of fire alarm systems.

Structure and heterogeneity of habitat determine diet of predators despite prey abundance: Similar response in Long-eared, Short-eared Owls and Common Kestrels

According to one of the theses of optimal foraging theory, main prey species abundance in the hunting area is the main factor determining the diet and habitat choices of birds of prey. However other factors can also be important. The habitat structure influences the predators' diets as well. In this study we examined the influence of habitat structure on diet compositions of three species of birds: Long-eared Owl (Asio otus), Short-eared Owl (A. flammeus) and Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus). The study was carried out from 2007 to 2019 in a 48 ​km2 area of the Crane's Homeland Reserve, Moscow Region, Russia. The habitat structures of model species' hunting territories (ratio of different types of landscape elements) were classified in module “Semi-Automatic Classification Plugin” based on the QGIS. A boosted regression tree analysis identified that the share of the main prey species in the diet is primarily determined by the landscape structure of hunting territories. The largest share of Common Vole (Microtus arvalis) in birds' diet was determined by the shrubs area (15% of hunting area), the meadow area (75%), the habitat heterogeneity (70%) and the arable land area (5%). The same predictors determined the largest share of Root Vole (Microtus oeconomus): the shrubs area 25%, the meadow area 70%, and the arable land area 3%. The annual mean abundance of prey species did not determine their importance in the diet of birds of prey. Thus, the main prey abundance in the hunting area is not a determining factor for the formation of diet composition of birds of prey.