Effective Rate Research Articles

Disability and Adverse Effects of Oral Versus Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia-Spectrum and Bipolar Disorder: A Comparison Based on Data-Driven Taxonomy.

Patients undergoing antipsychotic treatment for psychiatric disorders may experience challenges in functioning, either stemming from the severity of the illness or from the tolerability issues of prescribed medications. The aims of this cross-sectional study are to investigate the impact of adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs on patients' daily life functioning, comparing oral and long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics, and further dividing antipsychotics by receptor-binding profiles based on recently defined data-driven taxonomy. This study involved patients with schizophrenia and bipolar spectrum disorders taking oral or LAI antipsychotics. Disability and functioning levels were assessed using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS), and the adverse effects of medications were evaluated using the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser (UKU) Side Effect Rating Scale and its subscales. The total sample consisted of 126 participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia-spectrum or bipolar disorder, and included 54 males and 72 females ranging from 18 to 78 years of age (mean45.1, standard deviation 14); 78 patients were taking oral antipsychotics and 48 were taking LAI antipsychotics, with subcategories of muscarinic (31), adrenergic/low dopamine (25), serotonergic/dopaminergic (23), dopaminergic (1), LAI muscarinic (15), LAI adrenergic (6), and LAI serotonergic/dopaminergic (25). The UKU total score for adverse effects showed significant correlations with WHODAS total score (ρ=0.475; p<0.001). Compared with oral antipsychotics, LAIs showed significantly lower scores in psychological (p=0.014), autonomic (p=0.008), other (p=0.004), and sexual adverse effects (p=0.008), as well as the UKU total score (p=0.002). The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference in adverse effects between LAI and oral muscarinic subgroups, with LAIs having lower scores compared with antipsychotics binding to muscarinic receptors (p=0.043). These findings indicate clinically relevant differences in adverse effects among formulations, warranting further investigation for future observational studies.

Acupuncture for chronic nonspecific low back pain in middle-aged and older patients: A randomized controlled trial: 针刺治疗中老年慢性非特异性下腰痛:一项随机对照临床试验

ObjectiveTo observe the specific effects of acupuncture in middle-aged and older patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP). MethodsSixty-six patients with CNSLBP were randomized into the acupuncture or sham acupuncture groups (n = 33). In the acupuncture group, penetrating acupuncture with a long needle was delivered at Ashi points (painful/sensitive points), and the needles were manipulated by rotating technique after deqi till patients felt distending pain. The needles were retained in place for 30 min. Acupuncture was given three times per week for 4 weeks. In the sham acupuncture group, shallow needling was performed at non-meridian, non-acupoint, non-painful, and non-sensitive points. The needle retention and duration of treatment were the same as those of the acupuncture group before treatment, after the first intervention, after the whole treatment, and in follow-up visit (4 weeks after the whole treatment). The scores of the visual analog scale(VAS) for pain, range of movement (ROM) of the spine, and simplified Oswestry Dysfunction Index (ODI) were observed separately. ResultsCompared to the outcomes before treatment, the VAS score, spinal ROM, and simplified ODI score were lower after the first intervention, after treatment, and in follow-up visits in the acupuncture group, indicating the statistical significance (P < 0.05). When compared with the sham acupuncture group, the VAS score, spinal ROM, and simplified ODI score were significantly lower in the acupuncture group after the first intervention, after treatment, and in follow-up visit (P < 0.05). The total effective rate was 90.9% in the acupuncture group, which was significantly higher than that (75.76 %) in the sham acupuncture group (P < 0.05). ConclusionAcupuncture has a specific effect on CNSLBP in middle-aged and older patients and a superior effect on immediate analgesia.

Retrospective Evaluation of the Efficacy of Electrophysiological Appropriate Techniques for Nocturia Following Radical Prostatectomy.

This study retrospectively examines the effectiveness of low-frequency electrical stimulation for addressing nocturia in patients experiencing urinary incontinence after undergoing radical prostatectomy. We reviewed the outcomes of 32 patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy and subsequently experienced urinary incontinence. These patients were divided into the control group (n = 16) who received pelvic floor muscle training and the treatment group (n = 16) who underwent electrophysiological appropriate technique treatment in conjunction with pelvic floor muscle training. We assessed changes in nocturnal voided volume, polyuria index, and nocturia-related quality of life at three different time points: before treatment, after 2 weeks, and at the 3-month follow-up. After 3-month follow-up, both groups exhibit reductions in nocturnal voided volume, and polyuria index compared with baseline and the 2-week mark (p < .05). Treatment group outperformed the control group (p < .05). The quality of life in the treatment group remained consistently high, while the control group did not show a statistically significant difference from baseline (p > .05). The total effective rate was significantly higher in the treatment group (93.75%) than in the control group (75.00%, p = .044). This retrospective analysis suggests that electrophysiological appropriate technique treatment effectively mitigates nocturnal, leading to improved quality of life in patients with urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy in the near term.

Multicenter Clinical Randomized Controlled Trial and Network Pharmacology Analysis of Zhenzhu Qingyuan Granules for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Abstract Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Zhenzhu Qingyuan Granules through a clinical randomized controlled trial and to analyze the potential action targets and pathways of this formula using network pharmacology. Methods Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) of liver–stomach stagnant heat pattern who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group. The control group received oral rabeprazole, whereas the observation group were given Zhenzhu Qingyuan Granules in addition to the rabeprazole. The treatment duration was 8 weeks. Clinical efficacy was observed in both groups after 8 weeks. Network pharmacology was used to analyze the action targets of Zhenzhu Qingyuan Granules and the genes related to GERD, and core targets were inferred. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were conducted to explore the potential mechanisms of this formula. Results The clinical research results showed that the total effective rate in the treatment group was 92.68%, compared with 70.00% in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (p &lt; 0.05). After treatment, both Chinese medicine syndrome score and endoscopic score improved in both groups compared with before treatment (p &lt; 0.05), and the treatment group showed greater improvement than the control group (p &lt; 0.05). Network pharmacology identified effective components of Zhenzhu Qingyuan Granules for treating GERD, including quercetin, luteolin, and β-sitosterol, with potential action targets such as tumor protein 53 (TP53), protein kinase B (AKT1), and tumor necrosis factor. Conclusion Zhenzhu Qingyuan Granules can significantly improve clinical symptoms in patients with GERD of liver–stomach stagnated heat pattern, enhance clinical efficacy, and have high safety. This formula may exert therapeutic effects through multiple targets and pathways.

The Effectiveness and Safety of Yi Shen Juan Bi Pill on Rheumatoid Arthritis: a Protocol for Systematic Review and/or Meta-Analysis.

The Yi Shen Juan Bi (YSJB) pill has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with several studies reporting its anti-inflammatory effects and ability to prevent bone destruction. However, the lack of evidence regarding the effectiveness and toxicity of individual components of YSJB limits its widespread use. This protocol outlines a systematic review and/or meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of YSJB. We will search worldwide electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, CiNii, J-STAGE, KoreaMed, Korean Medical Database, Korean Studies Information Service System, National Digital Science Library, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System. In addition, we will conduct manual searches, and, if necessary, contact authors directly. The search will cover publications until June 2024. We will select randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compare the use of YSJB for the treatment of RA against other treatments. Data from the selected RCTs will be extracted, including sample size, patient characteristics, intervention details, and outcome measures. We will perform a meta-analysis using Review Manager software. The primary outcome measures will include disease activity scores such as effective rate, swollen joint count, tender joint count, and morning stiffness. Secondary outcome measures will include blood test results and adverse events. The results will reveal the effectiveness and safety of YSJB for the treatment of RA. and Relevance: The findings will provide an evidence-based review of the use of YSJB for RA.S.

The Effectiveness and Safety of Wu Tou Decoction on Rheumatoid Arthritis-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease primarily affecting the joints and requires various treatments, including medication, injection, and physiotherapy. Wu tou decoction (WTD) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescribed for RA, with several articles documenting its effectiveness in RA treatment. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of WTD for RA. We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing WTD with conventional treatments (including medication, injection, and physiotherapy) from its inception to May 2024. Primary outcomes were disease activity scores, including effective rate, tender joint count, and morning stiffness. Secondary outcomes comprised blood test results (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and rheumatoid factor) and adverse events. Nineteen RCTs involving 1794 patients were included. Statistically, WTD demonstrated better improvement than conventional treatments (18 medications and 1 injection) across the effective rate, joint scale, and blood tests, regardless of the treatment type (monotherapy or combination therapy). Adverse events were reported in 11 studies, with no statistical differences observed between them. The numerical results showed that WTD may offer potential benefits for managing RA. However, the significant discrepancy between clinical practice and the low quality of the RCTs remains a limitation. Therefore, further well-designed studies with larger patient cohorts are needed to draw definitive conclusions.

A temporal information transfer network approach considering federal funds rate for an interpretable asset fluctuation prediction framework

This study explores the complex interdependencies among five major financial assets—S&P 500, Bitcoin, Crude Oil, Gold, and USD/EUR—from April 2015 to September 2022, emphasizing the importance of understanding global financial dynamics for robust financial management. We quantitatively analyze daily causal relationships using conditional transfer entropy, a method that surpasses traditional correlation analyses. By incorporating the effective federal funds rate into our models, we enhance predictive accuracy and account for monetary policy impacts, ensuring our findings are relevant to current economic conditions. Our results reveal significant causal networks, providing key insights into asset interdependencies that support advanced hedging strategies and effective diversification. This research improves prediction models through the innovative use of network-based features and offers practical strategies for managing multinational financial assets, with relevance across various economic scenarios.

Dynamics of an amensalism system with strong Allee effect and nonlinear growth rate in deterministic and fluctuating environment

Dynamics of an amensalism system with strong Allee effect and nonlinear growth rate in deterministic and fluctuating environment

Application of Bacillus sp Liquid Formula Using Root Infusion Technique To Control VSD (Vascular Streak Dieback) Disease In Cocoa

This study aims to explore the potential of liquid organic waste formula made from Bacillus sp to suppress the severity of vascular streak dieback (VSD) disease in cocoa plants. The research was conducted on smallholder cocoa plantations in Patimbe Village, Palolo Subdistrict, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. The research was arranged in a non-factorial Randomised Group Design (RAK) with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of control (P0=no formula); coconut water + Bacillus sp (P1); rice washing water + Bacillus sp (P2); tofu water + Bacillus sp (P3); and a combination of coconut water, rice washing water, and tofu water + Bacillus sp (P4). Each experimental unit consisted of 10 cocoa plants infected with VSD disease. The liquid organic waste formula was applied using the root infusion technique in months 1 and 3 at a dose of 250 ml/root. Observations of disease symptoms, disease development, disease severity, and disease suppression efficacy were conducted monthly. The results showed that the combination of organic waste of coconut water, tofu water, and rice washing water with Bacillus sp active ingredient was more effective in suppressing VSD disease than liquid organic waste alone with an effectiveness rate of 81.7%.

Comparative efficacy of eight oral Chinese patent medicines for dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure: a Bayesian network meta-analysis

BackgroundChinese patent medicines (CPMs) are widely used in China as an adjuvant treatment in dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure (DCM-HF). However, comprehensive and systematic evidence supporting the beneficial effects of CPMs combined with current complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments against DCM-HF was limited. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to assess and rank the relative efficacy of eight different CPMs for DCM-HF.MethodsTo retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on the use of CPMs combined with CAM for DCM-HF, the databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science Periodical Database (CSPD), Chinese Citation Database (CCD), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and ClinicalTrials.gov were comprehensively searched from their inception to 29 February 2024. The quality of the included RCTs was examined using the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool, version 2.0 (RoB 2). Surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) probability values were applied to rank the relative efficacy. Bayesian network meta-analysis was designed to assess the efficacy of different CPMs.ResultsAfter applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 77 eligible RCTs involving 6980 patients were enrolled. The outcomes assessed included clinical effectiveness rate (CER), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), 6-min walk test (6MWT), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and cardiac output (CO). The results of the NMA indicated that Qili Qiangxin capsule (QLQX), Wenxin granule (WX), Tongxinluo capsule (TXL), Qishen Yiqi dropping pill (QSYQ), Shexiang Baoxin pill (SXBX), Yangxinshi tablet (YXST), Yixinshu capsule (YXSC), and Getong Tongluo capsule (GTTL) combined with CAM significantly improved performance compared with CAM alone in treating DCM-HF. YXST + CAM (MD = − 9.93, 95% CI − 12.83 to − 7.03) had the highest probability of being the best treatment on account of the enhancement of LVEF. WX + CAM had the highest likelihood of being the best treatment considering the improvement in LVEDD (MD = − 11.7, 95% CI − 15.70 to − 7.79) and 6MWT (MD = − 51.58, 95% CI − 73.40 to − 29.76). QLQX + CAM (MD = − 158.59, 95% CI − 267.70 to − 49.49) had the highest likelihood of being the best intervention for the reduction in BNP. TXL + CAM (MD = − 0.93, 95% CI − 1.46 to − 0.40) might be the optimal choice for increasing CO levels in DCM-HF patients. No serious treatment-emergent adverse events were observed.ConclusionThis NMA suggested that adding CPMs to the current CAM treatment exerted a more positive effect on DCM-HF. Thereinto, QLQX + CAM, TXL + CAM, WX + CAM, and YXST + CAM showed a preferable improvement in patients with DCM-HF when unified considering the clinical effectiveness rate and other outcomes. Furthermore, due to the lack of information on CPMs against DCM-HF and the uneven distribution of included studies among interventions, more high-quality studies are needed to provide more robust evidence to support our findings.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO (CRD42023482669).

PENGARUH LEVERAGE, INTENSITAS MODAL, DAN KOMISARIS INDEPENDEN TERHADAP TARIF PAJAK EFEKTIF

This research aims to determine the effect of Leverage (X1), Capital Intensity (X2), and Independent Commissioner (X3) on Effective Tax Rates. The independent variables in this research are Leverage with the Debt Equity Ratio (DER) indicator, Capital Intensity with the Capital Intensity Ratio (CIR) indicator, Independent Commissioner with the proportion of independent commissioners as an indicator. The Dependent Variable in this research uses the Effective Tax Rate which is measured using the Effective Tax Rate (ETR) indicator. The method used in this research is quantitative using secondary data sourced from the financial reports of all manufacturing sector companies during the 2020-2021 period. The sampling method in this research used a purposive sampling method with 172 observations. This research uses panel data regression analysis method which is processed with the Eviews 12 application. The results obtained from this research show that Leverage has a positive effect on Effective Tax Rates. Capital Intensity has a positive effect on Effective Tax Rates. Independent Commissioners have no influence on the Effective Tax Rate

Effects of Transmission Mechanism of Monetary Policy Channels on Economic Growth in Ethiopia: Cointegration and Causality Analysis Approach

The study aimed at investigating and analyzing factors those effects of transmission mechanism of monetary policy channels on economic growth in Ethiopia using a 36 years’ time series data. To this end, variables such as economic growth (dependent variable), and other regress variables such as real lending rate, real effective exchange rate, credit for private sector, consumer price index, trade of opens, gross capital formation, and money supply are considered. An empirical model linking the real GDP to its theoretical effects is then specified. This study had employed the co-integration and vector error correction model (VECM) analysis with impulse response and variance decomposition analysis to provide robust long run effects and short run dynamic effects on the real GDP. All variables under consideration are integrated of order one I (1) and also co-integrated. Vector Error Correction Model/VECM/ results show that real GDP was positively and significantly affected by the real effective exchange rate, money supply, gross capital formation (investment), credit for private sector, trade of openness over a period of long-run; while real leading interest rate and consumer price index (inflation) have significant negative effect. The estimate of the speed of adjustment coefficient found in this study indicates that about a 31 percent of the variation in the real GDP from its equilibrium level is corrected within a year. The study suggests that lowering the lending interest rate can encourage more private investment because it will encourage private investors to borrow more, which will increase investment in Ethiopia. Since investment is one of the factors that determine the gross domestic product, this will result in an increase in the GDP.

Tax Avoidance in F&amp;B Companies in Relation Among Leverage, Sales Growth, and Firm Size with Profitability as Mediating

The objective of this research is to examine how leverage, sales growth, and firm size have an effect on tax avoidance through profitability as mediating in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The research utilizes three independent variables: leverage measured by Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR); sales growth measured by the change in current sales relative to previous sales; and firm size measured by the natural logarithm of total assets. The mediating variable is profitability, measured by Return on Assets (ROA), while the dependent variable is tax avoidance, measured by Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR). The population of this research is all of the food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2023. The purposive sampling method was used in determining the sample and there were 21 companies obtained with a total research sample of 84 obtained over four years. The results of this research show that leverage and sales growth partially have a significant effect on profitability, while firm size partially has no significant effect on profitability. Leverage, sales growth, firm size and profitability partially have no significant effect on tax avoidance.

Comparative analysis of Paiteling a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and CO2 laser therapy for high-risk HPV-associated with LSIL (CIN1) lesions

ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the therapeutic outcomes of Paiteling and CO2 laser therapy on high-risk human papillomavirus. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of 558 patients with HR-HPV low-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1) from 2021 to 2023. Patients were selected and put into two groups: Paiteling and CO2 laser. Out of the 558 patients who were included in our final study, 239 (42.8 %) were treated with Paiteling, and 319 (57.2 %) were treated with CO2 laser vaporization. The mean age was 49.55 ± 12.10 years old. We observed that 27 (4.83 %) were younger than 30 years and 531 (95.1 %) were older than 30 years. We reviewed the patient’s results at intervals of 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months after each therapy. The results of the recurrence rate, effective viral clearance rate, and the effectiveness of both therapies on low-grade cervical lesions were determined using multivariate and univariate cox-regression analysis. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to determine the HR-HPV conversion rate of each therapy. ResultsThe median time for HR-HPV clearance was 6.00 months (95 % CI: 4.26–6.89) in the Paiteling group and 9.00 months (95 % CI: 15.92–22.67) in the CO2 laser group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 25.118, p-Value = 0.000). The HR-HPV clearance rate during 6–12 months for Paiteling and CO2 laser was 100 (55.6 %) and 80 (44.4 %), respectively. The clearance rate for both therapies from 6 to 18 months was statistically significant (6–12 months: p < 0.010, 12–18 months: p < 0.011). The Paiteling HR-HPV negative rate over 24 months 214 (89.5 %) is higher than CO2 laser 176 (55.2 %). Paiteling has a 5.4 % re-infection rate, which is marginally lower than the 5.6 % rate for CO2 lasers.The clearance rate for both therapies from 12 to 18 months [Paiteling: 20 (4.7 %) to 10 (3.6 %) and CO2 laser: 22 (8.4 %) to 15 (4.2 %)] was also significant (p < 0.011). The percentage of persistent Hr-HPV clearance rate for Paiteling patients was higher than carbon dioxide laser vaporization. No severe side effects were reported by the Paiteling patients compared to laser vaporization. This is due to the fact that Paiteling, as a traditional Chinese medicine, is a topical, non-invasive medicine, thus preserving the integrity of the cervix. ConclusionsPaiteling is an effective noninvasive therapy that can clear persistent HR-HPV associated with cervical low-grade squamous lesions in a relatively shorter period of time compared to CO2 laser ablation.

How are green stocks and monetary policy related?

We propose and test the hypothesis that green stocks and monetary policies are interdependent. Using time-series data for two large economies (India and Indonesia), that have adopted inflation targeting regimes, we develop a structural vector autoregressive model of monetary policy and green stocks that combines with output. We find that green stock prices fall (rise) in response to inflation with a lagged effect and policy rate shocks for India (Indonesia). Currency depreciation, on the other hand, increases green stock prices for India but has a muted effect for Indonesia. We also discover that, for India, monetary policies hardly respond to green stock price shocks while, for Indonesia, green stock prices do influence the evolution of monetary price variables. Our main contribution is that we decipher the effects of green stocks from aggregate market shocks and show each of these market price shocks is related to the monetary aggregates.

FINANCIAL DISTRESS DAN TAX AVOIDANCE: POTRET PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DALAM ANALISIS DESKRIPTIF KUANTITATIF

Tax avoidance can be driven by several factors, including declining financial conditions. Based on some cases that have occurred in companies in Indonesia, the research questions for this study are: 1) Do companies experiencing financial difficulties tend to engage in tax avoidance? 2) Do companies not experiencing financial difficulties also tend to engage in tax avoidance? The purpose of this study is to investigate and describe the tendency of tax avoidance based on the financial conditions of companies. The sample for this study includes manufacturing companies in the sub-sectors of Household Goods, Leisure Goods, and Tobacco listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020-2022. The sample selection was done using purposive sampling, resulting in 33 samples from 11 companies that met specific criteria. This research is a descriptive quantitative study, describing financial distress using the Springate S-Score method and tax avoidance using the Cash Effective Tax Rate. The scores and ratios were then analyzed using Microsoft Excel Office 2021. The results of this study indicate that companies experiencing financial difficulties tend to engage in tax avoidance practices. There are also companies that are not experiencing financial difficulties but are still indicated to be engaging in tax avoidance practices. Additionally, it was found that some companies categorized as experiencing financial difficulties do not engage in tax avoidance practices

Taxation models for international groups of companies

Taxation of international groups of companies can be based on two models: These are: 1) unitary taxation, whichinvolves determining the income of the group as a whole and then dividing it between individual companies, 2)separate entity taxation, which involves each entity being taken into account separately and its income beingdetermined as if it were an independent entity. In practice, it was decided to choose separate entity taxation, whichresulted in legislation on transfer pricing. However, using this model did not protect against tax optimization usedby international groups of companies, which prompted the OECD and the EU to take various actions to combat it.The latest initiative in the area of taxation of international groups of companies is the global minimum tax model.Its essence comes down to charging an additional amount of tax if the effective tax rate in a given tax jurisdictionis lower than 15%. In Poland, this model has not yet been implemented, it will most likely happen from 2025, hencethe lack of practical experience with its application

Clinical efficacy and pharmacological mechanism analysis of Xubi Capsule in the treatment of patients with liver and kidney deficiency osteoarthritis.

To explore the clinical efficacy and pharmacological mechanism analysis of Xubi capsule in the treatment of patients with liver and kidney deficiency osteoarthritis (OA). In this single-center retrospective study, 120 patients with liver and kidney deficiency OA admitted to the Hangzhou Fuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to May 2022 were included, and patients were divided into the intervention group (n = 60) and the control group (n = 60) according to their treatment. The control group was treated with Ibuprofen, while the intervention group was treated with Xubi capsule combined with Ibuprofen. According to the network pharmacology method, the mechanism of the Xubi capsule in the treatment of patients with liver and kidney deficiency OA was analyzed. After the treatment, the total effective rate in the intervention group was 93.33%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < .001). After treatment, compared with the control group, the degree of joint swelling and tenderness in the intervention group were lighter, the muscle strength was better, the level of erythrocyte sedimentation rate was lower, and the pain visual score was lower (P < .05), while the C-reactive protein level was significantly lower (P < .001). The effective chemical composition of Xubi capsules is 176, with quercetin and palmitoleic acid being the most associated with diseases. There are 209 intersection targets between drugs and diseases. A total of 119 gene ontology cellular components were significantly enriched. The combination of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine adopted in this study can effectively treat patients with liver and kidney deficiency OA and relieve the joint pain of patients. In a multicomponent and multitarget approach, the Xubi capsule breaks through the limitations of traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and has good clinical application value.

Fabrication of polyacrylonitrile based metal-organic frameworks membranes with super adsorption performance for potential kidney dialysis

One popular technique to remove extra metabolic waste from the blood during renal replacement therapy is blood refining. Enough removal of these toxins from the blood can reduce complications and lengthen survival in dialysis patients. The current blood purification materials are not ideal, there is a need for novel materials with better biocompatibility, less toxicity, and, in particular, more effective toxin uptake rates and cheaper production costs. This requirement has been satisfied in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Here, polyacrylonitrile membranes containing MOFs based in different metal sources (Ce, Ca, and Fe) were produced and characterized using PXRD, FTIR, SEM and EDX. The prepared MOFs worked really well at getting rid of a lot of dangerous toxins, such creatinine and p-cresyl sulphate. The adsorption capacities of p-cresyl sulphate onto PAN, Ca-BTC/PAN, Cu-BTC/PAN, Ce-BTC/PAN, and Fe-BTC/PAN were 101.15, 122.70, 270.52, 358.15 and 449.25 mg g−1, respectively; while in the case of creatinine the adsorption capacities were 62.68, 105.9, 225.83, 311.48 and 422.27 mg g−1, respectively. Moreover, the developed membranes showed excellent selectivity and best recyclability of about 6 times.

Nd: YAG laser irradiation in the treatment of live pulp preservation in pediatric cariogenic pulpitis.

Dental pulpitis significantly impacts oral function and quality of life. Treatments like direct pulp capping aim to preserve pulp vitality. This study aims to investigate the application value of Nd:YAG laser irradiation in preserving pulp vitality in children with caries-induced pulpitis. This study, conducted from June 2019 to June 2023, included 89 children undergoing pulp vitality preservation treatment for caries-induced pulpitis. The children were divided into two groups using sealed envelopes: 44 in the control group received pulp capping treatment, while the study group received Nd:YAG laser-assisted pulp capping treatment. The efficacy, oral indicators, oral function, changes in root apex diameter and root length, changes in gingival crevicular fluid inflammatory factors, and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups before and 3 months after treatment. The total effective rates were 97.78% in the study group and 95.45% in the control group, with no significant difference between the groups (p> 0.05). Before treatment, there were no differences in gingival index, plaque index, and probing bleeding index between the groups (p> 0.05). After treatment, both groups showed decreased periodontal indexes compared to before treatment, with the study group showing lower values than the control group (p< 0.05). Chewing and biting function scores were similar between the groups before and after treatment (p> 0.05), but both groups showed decreased scores after treatment (p< 0.05). The study group had a higher percentage decrease in root apex diameter and a greater increase in root length compared to the control group (p< 0.05). During treatment, one case of tooth discoloration occurred in the study group (2.27%), while the control group had two cases of tooth discoloration and one case of secondary caries, resulting in a complication rate of 6.67%. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the groups (p> 0.05). Nd:YAG laser irradiation effectively preserves pulp vitality in children with caries-induced pulpitis, improving periodontal health, reducing root apex diameter, and increasing root length with high safety.