Anxiety Rating Scale Research Articles

Efficacy and Safety of a Low-FODMAP Diet in Combination with a Gluten-Free Diet for Adult Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Common gastrointestinal disease irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is marked by symptoms like changed bowel habits, bloating, and stomach ache. A low-FODMAP combined gluten-free diet (LF-GFD) has been suggested as a possible therapy for IBS symptoms management. This study sought to investigate whether a LF-GFD would help patients with IBS. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria from internet databases helped to identify clinical studies evaluating the intervention of LF-GFD in the treatment of IBS patients. Using measurements including the visual analog scale (VAS) for bloating and pain, the IBS symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS), and IBS quality of life (IBS-QoL), the main results evaluated were the efficacy of LF-GFD in reducing IBS symptoms. Furthermore assessed were the psychological impacts of LF-GFD utilizing the self- rating depression scale (SDS) and self- rating anxiety scale (SAS). A total of 437 patients (221 on LF-GFD diet and 216 on GFD) were involved in 4 randomized controlled trials and 4 cohort studies. The combined results indicated that LF-GFD reduced the VAS bloating ratings (RR = -0.58, 95%CI -0.92-0.23, P = 0.0010, I2 = 83%) and the VAS pain scores (RR = -0.42, 95%CI -0.66-0.19, P = 0.005, I2 = 58%). In addition, LF-GFD indicated a substantial enhancement in IBS-SSS scores (MD = -1.42, 95%CI -2.74-0.10, P = 0.03, I2 = 24%) and IBS-QoL ratings (MD = 3.75, 95%CI 0.98-6.53, P = 0.008, I2 = 33%). Moreover, the LF-GFD group showed a substantial drop in SDS (MD = -2.56, 95%CI -3.38-1.74, P < 0.00001, I2 = 65%) and SAS (MD = -4.30, 95%CI -6.53-2.24, P < 0.0001, I2 = 0%) scores compared to the GFD group. LF-GFD therapy significantly enhances clinical symptoms and reduces anxiety and depression in individuals diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome.

Snyder Hopes the Application of Theoretical Model of Nursing Intervention in Patients with Brain Malignancy Surgery

Explore the application value of nursing intervention based on Snyder hopes theory in patients with brain malignancy surgery. Methods The 110 cases of patients with brain malignancy who were treated in our hospital from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected as a study object. They were randomly divided into observation group and control group. The control group was received routine nursing. The hope theoretical intervention was performed on this basis in the observation group. The Herth hope index (HHI), self - rating anxiety scale (SAS), self - rating depression scale (SDS) and self-feeling burden scale (SPBS) scores of the two groups were compared before and after intervention. Both groups were followed up for 6 months, using the Concise Questionnaire for Psychological Adaptation of Cancer Patients (Min-MAC-19) and the Quality of Life Scale for Brain Tumor Patients (QOL-C30) to assess the improvement of patients' psychological adaptability and quality of life. Results After intervention, the SAS, SDS, and SPBS scores of the two groups were significantly reduced, and the HHI score was significantly increased. The SAS, SDS, and SPBS scores of the observation group were significantly lower than the control group, and the HHI score was significantly higher than the control group. The differences were statistically significant (P&lt;0.05); After 6 months of follow-up, the observation group Min-MAC-19 and QOL-C30 scores were significantly higher than the control group (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion Nursing intervention based on Snyder's hope theory can improve the mental state of patients after brain malignancy surgery, reduce the patient's self-experience burden, improve their hope level, psychological adaptability, and improve the quality of life of patients.

The impact of temporary residence permit on symptom severity and treatment outcome among refugees with PTSD

Despite an increased focus on the impact of post-migratory factors on the health of trauma-affected refugees, research on the influence of residence permit is limited. This influence may manifest on the outcome of psychiatric treatment. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to examine the role of temporary residence permit on symptom severity and treatment outcome among trauma-affected refugees in PTSD treatment. The sample consisted of 897 patients, who were allocated into three groups based on their residence permit: temporary residence permit, permanent residence permit, and Danish citizenship. The outcome measures were symptoms of PTSD (Harvard Trauma Questionnaire), depression and anxiety (Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 and Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales), quality of life (WHO-5 Well-being Index), and functioning (The Sheehan Disability Scale), evaluated before and after psychiatric treatment. Temporary residents tended to have less severe symptoms prior to treatment. Overall, no significant differences were observed between the three groups on treatment outcome. However, Danish citizens had a poorer treatment outcome on Hamilton Depression Scale compared with temporary residents. This study is one of the first to investigate treatment implications of residence permit in a clinical setting. The interactions between mental health and individual post-migratory factors are complex. Further research is still needed to understand how residence status affects mental health and treatment outcomes for refugees.

Picture Coloring Play Therapy Affects Pre-School Children's Anxiety Levels During Hospitalization in St. Theresia Room Gunung Maria Tomohon Hospital

Hospitalization can be a distressing experience for children, leading to anxiety due to unfamiliar environments, treatments, and procedures. This study aimed to analyze the effect of coloring picture play therapy on anxiety levels in hospitalized preschool children at St. Theresia Room, Gunung Maria Tomohon Hospital. Using a pre-experimental pre-post test design, 15 preschool children were sampled through non-probability sampling. The Wilcoxon test and the Zung-Self Rating Anxiety Scale (ZSAS) were used for analysis. Results showed a significant effect of coloring picture play therapy on reducing anxiety, with a p-value of 0.001 &lt; α = 0.05. The study concludes that coloring picture play therapy effectively reduces anxiety in hospitalized preschool children.

Pengaruh Expressive Movement Music Therapy Dan Aromaterapi Lavender Terhadap Penururan Kecemasan Pada Wanita Akseptor KB Suntik

Intoduction: Injectable birth control is a way to prevent pregnancy that is given by injecting hormones into the body. Problems that often arise when using injectable birth control are weight gain, amenorrhea, and anxiety when getting an injection. To reduce anxiety, non-pharmacological therapy is carried out, namely Expressive Movement Music Therapy and Lavender Aromatherapy. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of Expressive Movement Music Therapy and Lavender Aromatherapy on reducing anxiety in women receiving birth control injections. This research used a Pre Experiment research design with an Intact-Group Comparisons design with purposive sampling, with 40 respondents being injectable contraceptive acceptors who were divided into 2 groups, namely the treatment group and the control group. Anxiety was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale-Anxiety (NRS-A) questionnaire, then data analysis was carried out using Mann Whitney because the data was not normally distributed. Result: The results of the study showed that there were differences in the anxiety levels of injectable contraceptive acceptors in the treatment group after being given the intervention with a p-value in the post-test for the treatment group of 0.000&lt;0.05 and the mean post-test value being 2.20, which means that the average respondent experienced mild anxiety. Analysis using Mann Whitney obtained a p value = 0.00, which is &lt;0.05, so there is a significant influence between Expressive Movement Music Therapy and Lavender Aromatherapy on reducing anxiety in women receiving birth control injections

The clinical application value of psychological nursing intervention for patients with prostatic hyperplasia during treatment.

To investigate the therapeutic utility of psychological nursing interventions for prostatic hyperplasia clients while they are receiving therapy. Clinical data of 110 patients with prostate group hyperplasia who underwent treatment in our hospital were collected and analysed retrospectively, and the selected period was from October 2021 to October 2023. The 110 cases of prostate group hyperplasia patients were divided into a research group and a control group according to the different methods of care, and each group had 55 cases each. The research group received psychological nursing intervention based on the conventional nursing care given to the control group. The total treatment compliance rate and contentment with nursing were contrasted between the research and control groups, and changes in the Self Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) score, Self Rating Depression Scale (SDS) score, Health Survey Short Form score, and sleep problems were observed between the research group and the control group. The research group's overall compliance rate was 94.55% (52/53), a substantial increase over the control group's rate, 69.09% (38/55), P < 0.01. Following nursing, the research group's SAS and SDS scores were considerably more reduced than those of the control group, and both groups' scores were substantially lower than they were prior to nursing (P < 0.05). This retrospective study found that psychological nursing intervention applied to patients with prostatic hyperplasia can effectively improve the patient's compliance with treatment, effectively reduce the occurrence of negative emotions, improve the patient's quality of life, and improve sleep problems. In addition, psychological nursing intervention can effectively alleviate the tension between nurses and patients, and is worthy of clinical application.

Stress perception and associated factors among patients with Parkinson’s disease: a cross-sectional study after the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is a serious neurodegenerative disease that brings great stress to the physical and mental health of patients. At the same time, long-term treatment will also bring great economic losses and social burden to the family and society, especially after COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to analyze the current status of stress perception and anxiety in patients with PD and explore the influencing factors after the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis study used the convenient sampling method to select the research objects of patients with PD who were outpatients or inpatients in a general public hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, and the survey time was from February 2023 to March 2023. The measurements included the General information questionnaire, The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and The Self Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). SPSS 21.0 software was used for data statistical analysis.Result394 out of 420 patients with PD completed the questionnaire. The stress perception score of PD was (16.41 ± 6.435) and the anxiety score was (54.77 ± 10.477). The stress perception scores of patients with PD were significantly different in gender, age, educational, occupation, nature of costs, time of sleep, quality of sleep, duration of disease, way of medical treatment and anxiety level (p < 0.05). Among them, age, duration of disease, public expenses, online remote therapy and anxiety level were the main influencing factors of stress perception in patients with PD (p < 0.05). Besides, there were significant differences in gender, educational, nature of costs, time of sleep, quality of sleep and duration of disease in anxiety among patients with PD (p < 0.05).ConclusionAfter the COVID-19 pandemic, the level of stress perception and anxiety in patients with PD is high, and the influencing factors are complex.

Development of an Online-Based Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale Anxiety Test Model for Field Work Practice Students at Muhammadiyah Lumajang Vocational High School

The research objectives are: (1) to analyze the implementation of anxiety tests on students who will carry out PKL; (2) developing an online-based Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale anxiety test model; and (3) analyzing the effectiveness of the online-based Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale anxiety test at SMK Muhammadiyah Lumajang. This research uses a research and development model, where the development consists of five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The validity test of the research instrument was carried out by experts in their field (expert judgment), namely material experts and media experts. The research reliability test used the Cronbach's Alpha formula. The data analysis technique used the SPSS 22 program. The population was carried out at Muhammadiyah Vocational School Lumajang and the sample of class XII Nursing Assistant students was 95 students. The results of the research show (1) the implementation of anxiety tests at SMK Muhammadiyah Lumajang is currently still conventional, namely using paper questionnaires; The development of the online-based HARS anxiety test model began to be developed with a simple image feature when starting to fill in the questions and at the end of filling in the questions there will be an image that can represent the respondent's feelings, namely the emotion of the image; sad, happy, laughing, disappointed, surprised. Online applications are distributed to students in the form of http://harstest.smkmulu.sch.id.; and (3) the effectiveness of the online-based HARS anxiety test developed at SMK Muhammadiyah Lumajang is very feasible to be implemented based on the assessment of media and material experts with a value range of 80-85%. The application of the HARS anxiety test model can be used for other skill competencies, and can be used by schools in provision (consolidation of material and vocationally appropriate practice) before visits to industry and street vendors.

Effects of ebselen addition on emotional processing and brain neurochemistry in depressed patients unresponsive to antidepressant medication

Lithium is an effective augmenting agent for depressed patients with inadequate response to standard antidepressant therapy, but numerous adverse effects limit its use. We previously reported that a lithium-mimetic agent, ebselen, promoted a positive emotional bias—an indicator of potential antidepressant activity in healthy participants. We therefore aimed to investigate the effects of short-term ebselen treatment on emotional processing and brain neurochemistry in depressed patients with inadequate response to standard antidepressants. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled 7-day experimental medicine study in 51 patients with major depressive disorder who were currently taking antidepressants but had an inadequate response to treatment. Participants received either ebselen 600 mg twice daily for seven days or identical matching placebo. An emotional testing battery, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and depression and anxiety rating scales were conducted at baseline and after seven days of treatment. Ebselen did not increase the recognition of positive facial expressions in the depressed patient group. However, ebselen increased the response bias towards fear emotion in the signal detection measurement. In the anterior cingulate cortex, ebselen significantly reduced the concentrations of inositol and Glx (glutamate+glutamine). We found no significant differences in depression and anxiety rating scales between visits. Our study did not find any positive shift in emotional bias in depressed patients with an inadequate response to antidepressant medication. We confirmed the ability of ebselen to lower inositol and Glx in the anterior cingulate cortex. These latter effects are probably mediated through inhibition of inositol monophosphatase and glutaminase respectively.

Butterfly hug therapy on reducing anxiety levels and stabilization hemodynamics in patient digital subtraction angiography

Background: Digital subtraction angiography can affect anxiety in patients so that it can worsen the patient's condition during catheterization, such as increased heart rate and breathing. One of the efforts to reduce anxiety that can improve hemodynamics is butterfly hug therapy. However, its effectiveness in reducing hemodynamic anxiety needs to be further investigated.Purpose: To evaluate butterfly hug therapy's effectiveness on anxiety and hemodynamics before digital subtraction angiography.Methods: This is a quasi-experiment study with a pretest-posttest control group design. Fifty-two respondents were selected using purposive sampling. A total of 26 respondents were given butterfly hug therapy, and 26 others were given standard therapy. The study implemented the Zung Self Rating Anxiety Scale Questionnaire and observation sheet. This research analysis uses the Independent T-test and Wilcoxon Test.Results: The anxiety level of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group (46.73 ± 2.08 vs. 53.84 ± 1.74; p&lt;0.05). In hemodynamic stability (pulse, respiratory, and blood pressure) was stability than the control group (80.69 ± 2.44 vs. 89.11 ± 2.39; 20.65 ± 0.39 vs. 21.0 ± 0.53; 104.7 ± 1.46 vs. 109.5 ± 1.82; p &lt;0.05).Conclusion: Butterfly hug therapy is effective in reducing anxiety and stabilizing hemodynamics among patients undergoing digital subtraction angiography.

Impact of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Cognitive and Psychiatric Dysfunction in Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Double-Blinded, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Few randomized controlled trials have reported that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has controversial results for managing multiple domains of fibromyalgia-related symptoms. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of low-frequency rTMS over the right dorsolateral prefrontal area (DLPFC) on the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) concerning psychiatric and cognitive disorders. Forty-two eligible patients with fibromyalgia (FM) were randomized to have 20 sessions of active or sham rTMS (1 Hz, 120% of resting motor threshold with a total of 1200 pules/session) over the right DLPFC. All participants were evaluated at baseline, post sessions, and 3 months after sessions with the FIQ, Hamilton depression, and anxiety rating scales (HDRS and HARS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Tower of London test (TOL), the Trail Making, and Digit Span Tests. Both groups showed improvement in most rating scales at 1 and 3 months follow-up, with greater improvement in the active group, with significant correlation between FIQ cognitive rating scales, including RAVLT and TOL. Twenty sessions of low-frequency rTMS over the right DLPFC can improve FIQ scores regarding the psychiatric and cognitive symptoms of medicated patients with FM to a greater extent than sham. Changes in RAVLT and TOL correlated with changes in FIQ results.

Virtual reality on pain and anxiety after modified radical mastectomy in menopause

Objective: To examine the influence of virtual reality (VR) on pain and anxiety among post mastectomy menopause patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty females experiencing unilateral post-mastectomy shoulder pain and anxiety were randomly assigned into two equally sized groups. Group (A) which received a combination of VRand traditional physical therapy care. Group (B) which received traditional physical therapy care. A smart phone-based version of the visual analogue scale (VAS) was employed for pain assessment, while the anxiety rating scale was utilized to evaluate anxiety levels. Each group received three treatment sessions per week for three weeks.Patients were recruited from Om Elmasreen hospital and age ranged between 45-55 years. Results: Study results showed that there were no significant differences in ages between both groups statistically. Pain severity in study group had a lower mean score than those in control group, with a significant difference between two groups after the treatment statistically. Most of patients undergoing unilateral post-mastectomy reported being contended with virtual reality treatment, and there was a significant difference in anxiety between both groups statistically. Conclusion: Virtual reality demonstrates efficacy in alleviating pain and anxiety among post mastectomy menopausal patients.

Exploring Anxiety and Perceived Stress among Women with and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

This study explores the connection between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and psychological well-being, with a specific focus on anxiety levels and perceived stress in females. Through a review of existing literature, it highlights the significant impact of PCOS on mental health, particularly the prevalence of heightened anxiety and stress levels among females with this condition. The study involved 100 Indian females aged 20-40, with 40 diagnosed with PCOS and 60 without any diagnosis. Anxiety and perceived stress levels were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Self Rating Anxiety Scale. Results confirm that females with PCOS experience higher levels of anxiety compared to those without the condition. Interestingly, there was no difference in perceived stress levels between the two groups. These findings underscore the nature of perceived stress while emphasizing the importance of acknowledging and addressing its psychological impact in healthcare settings for individuals with PCOS. While this research offers insights, it acknowledges limitations such as a relatively small sample size and reliance on self-reported data. Further studies are needed using comprehensive screening approaches to enhance our understanding of the psychological aspects related to PCOS, which can ultimately be used to find targeted interventions.

Acupuncture for erectile dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial.

To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture in treating erectile dysfunction (ED). A total of 64 ED patients were randomly divided into an acupuncture group (32 cases, 2 case dropped out) and a western medication group (32 cases, 2 cases dropped out). In the acupuncture group, acupuncture treatment was applied at Baihui (GV 20), Qihai (CV 6), Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongji (CV 3), Dahe (KI 12), Qugu (CV 2), Zusanli (ST 36), and etc., two groups of acupoints were used alternately, 30 min each time, once every other day. In the western medication group, 50 mg of sildenafil tablet was took orally 1 h before sexual activity. Both groups were treated for 30 d. The international index of erectile function citrate (IIEF-5) score, self rating anxiety scale (SAS) score, self rating depression scale (SDS) score, TCM syndrome score were observed before and after treatment, and in follow-up of 2 weeks after treatment completion, the serum testosterone (T) level was detected before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated in the two groups. After treatment and in follow-up, the IIEF-5 scores were increased compared with those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.01). In follow-up, the IIEF-5 score in the acupuncture group was ascended compared with that in the western medication group (P<0.05). Except for the SDS and TCM syndrome scores in the western medication group of follow-up, the SAS scores, SDS scores, and the TCM syndrome scores were decreased after treatment and in follow-up compared with those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.01, P<0.05); in the acupuncture group, the SAS scores, SDS scores and the TCM syndrome scores after treatment and in follow-up were lower than those in the western medication group (P<0.01). After treatment, the serum T levels were increased compared with those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.01). The total effective rate of the acupuncture group was 83.3% (25/30), and it was 86.7% (26/30) in the western medication group, there was no significant difference in total effective rate between the two groups (P>0.05). Acupuncture can effectively improve erectile function, anxiety and depression state, and TCM syndrome in ED patients, and has a advantage of posterior effect compared with western medication treatment.

Posterior cingulate cortex hyperactivity in conversion disorder: a PET/MRI study.

Several neuroimaging studies have been conducted to demonstrate the specific structural and functional brain correlations of conversion disorder. Although the findings of neuroimaging studies are not consistent, when evaluated as a whole, they suggest the presence of significant brain abnormalities. The aim of this study is to investigate brain metabolic activity through F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MRI in order to shed light on the neural correlates of conversion disorder. 20 patients diagnosed with conversion disorder were included in the study. Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales, Somatosensory Amplification Scale and Somatoform Dissociation Scale were administered. Then, brain F-18 FDG-PET/MRI was performed.. Hypermetabolism was found in posterior cingulate R, while glucose metabolisms of other brain regions were observed to be within the normal limits. When compared with the control group, statistically significant differences in z-scores were observed among all brain regions except for parietal superior R and cerebellum. No correlation was observed between the metabolisms of the left ACC and left medial PFC; left ACC and left temporal lateral cortex; cerebellum and left parietal inferior cortex despite the presence of positive correlations between these regions in the opposite hemisphere. Results of the study suggest a potential involvement of the DMN which is associated with arousal and self-referential processing as well as regions associated with motor intention and self-agency.

Open Trial of a Brief Imagery-Based Stabilization Psychotherapy for Adults with Acute Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Early intervention after trauma is needed for reduction in clinical distress and prevention of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study describes findings from an open pilot trial of a brief stabilization psychotherapy based on imagery techniques for adults with acute PTSD (i.e., within 3 months of onset). Four sessions of 60-minute individual psychotherapy were conducted on 18 participants with PTSD within 3 months after accidents, 15 of whom completed the treatment. The clinician-administered PTSD scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales, and self-questionnaires were administered at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up. Eight (53.3%) of the 15 patients at post-treatment and 8 of the 9 patients at 6-month follow-up did not meet the DSM-5 criteria for PTSD. Reliable change of PTSD symptoms after treatment was observed in 6 of 15 (45.0%) patients at post-treatment and in 4 of 9 (45.0%) patients after 6 months. There was a significant decrease in PTSD, depression, anxiety, and impaired quality of life scores after treatment, and these gains were maintained after 6 months. No cases of exacerbated PTSD symptoms were observed among completers and non-completers. Our findings suggest that brief stabilization sessions are safe treatment options for acute PTSD (KCT0001918).

Prevalence and clinical correlates of restless legs syndrome in psychiatric patients: A cross-sectional study from North India.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neuro-sensorimotor disorder which is scarcely researched and is commonly missed in routine psychiatry practice. To evaluate the prevalence of RLS and its correlates in patients with anxiety, depression, and somatoform disorders. A cross-sectional single-center study was undertaken in patients aged 18-65 years suffering from ICD-10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases-10th edition) diagnosis of anxiety, depressive, and somatoform disorders. RLS was evaluated by using diagnostic criteria of International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) and severity measured on IRLSSG scale. Depression and anxiety were rated on Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales respectively, insomnia severity measured by Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and quality of life measured by WHO Quality of Life-Brief version (WHO-QOL BREF) scale. Serum ferritin levels were measured for evaluating iron deficiency. The rate of RLS was 66.7%, 50%, and 48% in patients with depressive, anxiety, and somatoform disorders, respectively, with no significant inter-group difference. Nearly one-third of patients suffered from severe to very severe symptoms of RLS, and quality of life was poorest in those with depressive disorders. RLS was significantly higher in females (P = 0.019), who were married (P = 0.040), diagnosed with severe depression (P = 0.029), and abused benzodiazepines (P = 0.045). On binary logistic regression, female gender and presence of clinical insomnia predicted occurrence of RLS. The prevalence of RLS is very high in patients with common psychiatric disorders which is often missed. Clinical enquiry and examination for reversible causes such as iron deficiency may assist in its diagnosis and improve clinical outcome.

A Descriptive Study to Assess the Anxiety Level among Caregivers of Cancer Patients Admitted to the Medical Oncology Department of SKIMS Soura

Introduction: Family caregivers for cancer patients may experience severe strain, worry, and sadness as a result of their work, which may affect their mental and physical health. There is little data on the degree of stress, worry, and depression experienced by cancer caregivers, as well as their involvement in helping patients and other factors that may help or worsen the prognosis. With an emphasis on patient and caregiver-related characteristics, this study examined the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and caregiving stress among cancer family caregivers. Aim: To assess the anxiety level among the caregivers of cancer patients admitted to the medical oncology department at SKIMS Soura, using the anxiety rating scale. Methodology: A quantitative approach and descriptive research design were adopted to assess the anxiety levels among caregivers of cancer patients admitted to the medical oncology department of SKIMS Soura Srinagar Kashmir. The demographic variables were age, gender, educational background, per capita income, marital status, number of children, duration of caregiving, and relation with the patient. The permission for data collection was accorded by Medical Superintendent SKIMS Soura, who guided and forwarded the application to all concerned for needful. The sample size was 30 caregivers selected using the purposive convenience sampling technique. The tool used for the study was the Anxiety Self Rating scale, with 10 items, each with five responses ranging from never (0) to always (4). Results: The study revealed that 7 (23.3%) of the study subjects depicted moderate anxiety, equal number 7 (23.3%) of the study subjects also showed high anxiety, 6 (20%) of the study subjects depicted mild anxiety, and 0 (0.0%) of the study subject showed extreme anxiety. The calculated (Mean ± SD) score of the anxiety level of 30 subjects was (15.4 ± 8.6). The study revealed that there is no significant association between anxiety levels among study subjects with selected demographic variables viz age (p=0.21), educational background (p=0.10), per capita income (p=0.13), marital status (p=0.19), number of children (p=0.10) and duration of caregiving (0.39), relation with the patient (p=0.19) at 0.05 level of significance except for gender (p=0.02). Conclusion: The study concluded that caregivers always suffer from some form or level of anxiety that affects them as an individual and their families as a whole. The caregivers are prone to other mental health issues that can be explored, anxiety being the leading cause and symptom of the same.

Children Anxiety and Pain while Performing Interim Therapeutic Restorations with Hand Instruments compared to Rotary Instruments: A Randomised Clinical Trial

Introduction: Children with dental anxiety may avoid visiting the dentist until a more serious and painful condition develops. Dentists could use less stressful techniques, like Interim Therapeutic Restorations (ITR), to treat dental cavities in difficult or young patients. ITR performed with hand tools may be preferred due to the absence of handpiece vibration, sound, or smell. Aim: To assess the anxiety and pain levels experienced by children during ITR procedures performed with hand instruments compared to rotary instruments. Materials and Methods: The present randomised clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The inclusion criteria consisted of children aged 3-12 years visiting the dental clinic for the first time and having a carious primary anterior (incisor or canine) tooth. Patients were recruited from the paediatric screening clinic and randomly assigned to either the “Hand instrument group” or the “Rotary instrument group.” Caries excavation was performed using a hand instrument in the former group, while a low-speed handpiece was used in the latter group. Anxiety levels were assessed using Venham’s anxiety rating scale before and after the procedure. Heart rate was measured using pulse oximetry every two minutes. Pain levels were evaluated using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale after completing the procedure. Results: The study included 60 patients, with a mean age of 5.87±2.09 years. The anxiety score after the procedure was significantly lower in the hand instrument group compared to the rotary instrument group (p=0.007). Although the heart rate was lower in the hand instrument group compared to the rotary instrument group, the difference was not statistically significant. The subjects in the hand instrument group reported lower pain levels compared to those in the rotary instrument group (p=0.029). Conclusion: Performing ITR using hand instruments resulted in reduced anxiety and pain levels among young children compared to ITR performed using rotary handpieces.

Validation of the Pandemic Grief Risk Factors and Its Relationship With Work-Related Stress and Grief Reaction Among Healthcare Workers Who Witnessed Patient Deaths.

The Pandemic Grief Risk Factors (PGRFs) was developed as a self-report tool to compile a comprehensive list of unique risk factors related to grief when experiencing a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) loss. We explored the reliability and validity of the PGRF among healthcare workers who witnessed their patients' deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, we examined whether the general severity of PGRF may have been associated with work-related stress and pandemic grief reactions. An online survey was conducted among tertiary hospital healthcare workers (doctors and nursing professionals) who had witnessed the deaths of patients they cared for. Pandemic Grief Scale for healthcare workers, the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-3 items, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 responses were collected. In total, 267 responses were analyzed. The single-factor structure of the Korean version of the PGRF showed a good fit for the model. The scale demonstrated good internal consistency and convergent validity with other depression and anxiety rating scales. The mediation analysis revealed that work-related stress directly influenced pandemic grief reactions positively, and depression, anxiety, and general severity of grief risk factors partially mediated the association positively. Among healthcare workers who witnessed the deaths of their patients due to COVID-19, the Korean version of the PGRF was valid and reliable for measuring the overall severity of PGRF. The PGRF can be used to identify individuals at risk for dysfunctional grief.