Rate Of Postoperative Urinary Retention Research Articles

Outcome of mid‐urethral sling procedures in Korean women with stress urinary incontinence according to body mass index

The objective of this study was to determine whether the outcome of mid-urethral sling procedures is influenced by the body mass index of Korean women suffering from stress urinary incontinence (SUI). A total of 285 women, ranging in age from 28 to 80 years (mean 55.4), all of whom were followed up for at least 6 months, were ultimately included in this study. The patients were classified as follows: normal weight, 18.5-23 kg/m2; overweight, 23-27.5 kg/m2; obesity, 27.5 kg/m2 or higher. We noted bladder perforations in 11 cases (4.9%, 3.8% and 2.2% in the normal weight, overweight, and obesity groups, respectively; P = 0.449). We determined there to be no significant differences among the three groups with regard to cure rate (P = 0.173). The rates of postoperative urinary retention were 9.9% in the normal weight group, 10.1% in the overweight group, and 15.6% in the obesity group (P = 0.396). We determined there to be no significant differences among the three groups with regard to the persistence of urgency (P = 0.312). Seventy-nine patients (27.7%) exhibited symptoms indicative of voiding disorder (hesitancy, poor flow, or sensations of incomplete emptying). The postoperative development of these voiding symptoms was not significantly different among the three groups (P = 0.106). Our results demonstrate both the feasibility and the safety of mid-urethral sling procedures for obese Korean women who suffer from SUI. Additional studies, including prospective randomized trials with longer follow-up periods, will be required in order to confirm these findings.

Injections trans-urétrales sous anesthésie locale en ambulatoire dans l’incontinence urinaire d’effort féminine : indications, faisabilité et résultats

The aim of the study was to evaluate feasibility and results of ambulatory transurethral injections of Macroplastique using the system MIS under local anaesthesia, for treatment of female stress urinary incontinence. We have performed a prospective multicentre study which has enrolled 20 patients between January 2003 and May 2004. Mean age was 72.8 ans (range 40 to 91). Preoperative inclusion criterias were positive stress test, 24 hours PAD test more than 10 g and post-void residual less than 100 ml. Urethral hypermobility was present in 8 patients (42.1%), and 3 patients was diagnosed as intrinsic sphincter deficiency (16.7%) on urodynamics examination. Pre and post-operative evaluation of urinary symptoms and quality of life were performed with the MHU score (Mesure du Handicap Urinaire), the Ditrovie score and the Contilife scale. The Macroplastique implant (Uroplasty) contains silicone and a bioabsorbable gel. Injections were perfomed under the mid-urethral mucosa (2.5 ml at 6 hours and 1.25 ml at 2 and 10 hours) using the system MIS (Uroplasty). No cystoscopy was required and the mean operative time was 15 minutes. The procedure was feasible under pure local anaesthesia in all cases. No intra-operative complications occurred. Postoperative complications had included 2/19 local pain (10.5%), 3/19 minimal urethrorrhagia (15.8%) and 6/19 urinary retentions (31.6%), which were treated by heterologous intermittent catheterization during 3 to 20 days. Eight patients returned home the same day (42.1%). The mean hospital stay was 2.3 days. Mean postoperative follow-up was 8.3 months (range 2.7 to 19.1). No patient required a second injection. Results had shown a 36.9% success rate (7/19), 52.6% improvement (10/19) and 10.5% failure (2/19). At follow-up, stress test was negative in 66.7% of patients (12/18) and PAD test was<10 g in 66.7% (10/15). Modifications on maximal flow rate were non significant after injections. Postoperatively, all urinary symptoms were improved except nocturia and voiding difficulties. Quality of life was improved on all parameters. The surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence by transurethral injections of Macroplastique using the system MIS under local anaesthesia was feasible in all cases with a success or improvement rate of 89.5% at a mean follow-up of 8.3 months. Ambulatory treatment was compromised by the high rate of postoperative urinary retention (31.6%).

Palliative Transurethral Prostate Resection for Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Patients With Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer

The outcome of patients with advanced prostate cancer undergoing palliative transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is not well defined in the literature. We determined the preoperative characteristics, operative morbidity and postoperative outcomes of patients with advanced prostate cancer undergoing palliative TURP and compared these outcomes to those of patients undergoing TURP for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A retrospective review of all patients with prostate cancer undergoing palliative TURP at a single institution between 1994 and 2001 was performed. Operative reports, and outpatient and inpatient records were reviewed. Serum prostate specific antigen, and cancer grade and stage at cancer diagnosis were compared with findings at TURP. Operative statistics, postoperative outcomes and complication rates were compared between the palliative prostate cancer TURP group and a large cohort of 520 patients undergoing TURP at our institution for BPH during the same period. The Fisher exact and 1-sample t test were used to determine statistical differences in outcomes between these 2 groups. A total of 24 palliative TURPs were performed in 19 patients. At prostate cancer diagnosis mean patient age was 68.7 years (range 49 to 87) and median prostate specific antigen +/- SD was 39.7 +/- 78.3 ng/ml (range 1.5 to 334). Radiation therapy was the initial treatment in 11 patients (58%) and the remainder received initial hormonal therapy. Mean age at TURP was 74.2 years (range 50 to 91) with an average time from prostate cancer diagnosis to TURP of 49.7 months (range 1 to 196). While only 22.7% of the patients had high grade cancer (Gleason score 8 to 10) at cancer diagnosis 67% were determined to be high grade at palliative TURP (p = 0.001). After TURP the mean urinary flow rate decreased from 9.6 to 7.3 cc per second (p = 0.453) and the International Prostate Symptom Score improved from 21.1 to 11 (p = 0.002). Compared with patients undergoing TURP for BPH those treated with palliative TURP were more likely to have failure of the initial voiding trial (p <0.001), and require reoperation (p <0.001), chronic drainage (p = 0.001) and re-catheterization for bleeding or obstruction (p = 0.056). Palliative TURP can be performed safely in patients with advanced prostate cancer with significant improvement in urinary symptoms. However, the rates of postoperative urinary retention and reoperation are higher than in patients undergoing TURP for BPH.

Does alpha sympathetic blockade prevent urinary retention following anorectal surgery?

Urinary retention is the most common complication after anorectal surgery, with rates as high as 52 percent reported. With the trend toward early discharge, avoidance of this complication is particularly important. Perioperative fluid restriction and the use of short-acting anesthetics have been shown to be effective in decreasing postoperative urinary retention rates but are not applicable in all cases. Reflex sympathetic stimulation, possibly as a result of perianal pain, may lead to increased muscular tone of the internal sphincter at the bladder neck. This theory had led to the effective use of alpha-adrenergic blockade in the treatment of established cases of urinary retention after anorectal surgery, herniorrhaphy, and major pelvic surgery. However, the prophylactic role of alpha blockade after anorectal surgery has not been studied. In a double-blind, prospective, randomized study, 51 patients were treated with either prazosin and alpha-adrenergic blocker or placebo prior to and immediately after elective anorectal surgery. Urinary retention rates were similar in the two groups. At this time, prophylactic alpha-adrenergic blockade is not recommended for the prevention of urinary retention after anorectal surgery.