Rate Of Population Aging Research Articles

Depopulation in rural areas of the North Kazakhstan region: social, economic problems and regulatory mechanisms

There are very few studies that have determined the causes of depopulation in rural areas of Kazakhstan and the North Kazakhstan region (NKR). Purpose of the study – to study the causes of the phenomenon of depopulation in rural areas of the NKR, determine its social and economic consequences and propose regulatory mechanisms. To determine the causes of the depopulation process in rural areas of the North Kazakhstan region and propose regulatory mechanisms, methods of empirical, hypothetical, scientific abstraction, dynamic analysis, synthesis, comparative analysis, and systems approach were used. The article provides an in-depth analysis of the rate of natural increase (loss) in the population of Kazakhstan. Having divided the population of the rural areas of the NKR into age groups, we determined which age category was decreasing and put forward a hypothesis about what they wanted. The Government of Kazakhstan has developed and continues to develop various programs for developing rural areas and population growth in the Northern region. However, the coefficient of natural increase (loss) of the population of the North Kazakhstan region has a negative value. The study results showed that the population aging rate in rural areas of this region is intensive. The government must identify groups and target areas that require support measures, taking into account the situation with specialization, labor potential, territorial characteristics, and age characteristics of the areas of the region.

Decomposing the Drivers of Population Aging: A Research Note

Population aging is an important and increasingly relevant area of study for demographers. A growing body of research seeks to determine how long-term changes in births, mortality, and migration—the three drivers of any demographic process—have shaped the present aging situation. Using variable-r decomposition and cohort data, this research note presents a formula for the change in the old-age dependency ratio to determine the extent to which relative changes in births, as well as in mortality and migration rates, contribute to aging. This perspective provides a careful and in-depth picture of aging and contributes to the debate concerning whether changes in births or mortality have had the strongest effect on population aging. When applied to Australia, the United States, and several European populations, the decomposition of the old-age dependency ratio shows that aging occurred in all populations and that changes in both births and mortality contributed to this aging. Analysis of these populations demonstrates that although they differed regarding which of these factors contributed more, changes in births prevailed as the more significant factor. In nearly all populations, migration decreased the rate of population aging.

How population aging promotes carbon emission reduction in Chinese cities: The chain mediating role of industrial upgrading and energy conservation

High carbon emissions and population aging are two obstacles to China's development as an emerging economy. It is urgent to scientifically examine the impacts of population aging on carbon emissions to discover new pathways for urban carbon emission reduction. However, existing studies face challenges in terms of focusing on and methodology for accurately capturing the role of industrial production and energy consumption in the environmental effects of population aging. This paper constructs a chain mediation analytical framework and systematically examines the intrinsic linkages between population aging and carbon emissions in Chinese cities from 2000 to 2020 using a two-way fixed effects model. This paper has three main findings. (1) The positive correlation between urban population aging and carbon emissions development is generally low, with coupling coordination degree values of 0.4233, 0.4458, 0.4220, 0.4715, and 0.4665 for each yearly cross-section. (2) For every 1% increase in the population aging rate, carbon emissions decrease by 0.3478% on average. The carbon reduction effect of population aging is significantly greater in low-emissions cities and high-income cities than in other cities. (3) The industrial upgrading (IU) path, energy conservation (EC) path and chain mediation (CM) path account for 72.43%, 7.23% and 20.34%, respectively, of the indirect effects. If the causal link between IU and EC is not considered, the EC effect will be overestimated by 281.16%. The results of the study suggest that properly coping with population aging and reducing carbon emissions are not completely opposed to each other, a conclusion that passes both endogeneity exclusion and robustness check. This paper advocates replacing the one-size-fits-all approach in carbon emissions management and investing more in policy preferences to support carbon emission reduction in both high-emissions and low-income cities.

Spatial-temporal evolution of population aging in the yangtze river delta urban agglomeration of China.

The Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration (YRDUA) is China's most representative region with remarkable economic development vitality. The purpose of this study is to provide valuable data analysis to actively respond to the population aging in China. We mainly focus on the spatial and temporal evolution of population aging in YRDUA from 2000 to 2020 using city-level population data. This study constructs a multi-dimensional index system to measure population aging including population aging degree, speed, and density. It finds out: (1) the elderly population rate (EPR), the elder-child ratio (ECR), and the elderly dependency ratio (EDR) in the YRDUA area are gradually increasing from 2000 to 2020. In addition, the trends of these indicators in various cities and regions are relatively consistent. All 27 cities in YRDUA entered an aging society, from the primary to the moderate aging stage from 2000 to 2010 and from the moderate to the hyper aging stage from 2010 to 2020. (2) the absolute and relative growth rate of EPR is increasing from 2000 to 2020. However, the absolute and relative growth rate of ECR is increasing from 2000 to 2010 and then decreasing from 2010 to 2020. These results indicate that the two-child policy adopted by the Chinese government plays a positive role. (3) the density level of the elderly population in the YRDUA evolved from low in 2000 to middle in 2010 and then to high in 2020. (4) There are remarkable differences in the process of population aging among three provinces and one city. The contribution of this study is mainly reflected in two aspects: firstly, it constructs a multi-dimensional index system to measure population aging; secondly, using this multi-dimensional index system, it systematically observes the spatial and temporal evolution of population aging from 2000 to 2020 in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration.

Dynamic impact of demographic features, FDI, and technological innovations on ecological footprint: evidence from European emerging economies.

Climate change effect mitigation is a critical priority for top leaders and communities around the globe. Human-induced environmental issues are affecting humankind's standard of living and development potential and the planetary boundaries. Sustainability objectives aim to enhance environmental quality and ensure sustainable development for all by eliminating social inequalities. This study examines the complex relationships between demographic features, foreign direct investment, technological innovation, and ecological footprint, emphasizing the relevance of population aging, population density, and urbanization in this context. The research uses a selection of emerging European economies during 1995-2018. The reasons for countries' selection are related to the increasing rate of population aging in European countries, the attractiveness for foreign direct investment, the economic growth, and the technological advancement potential these emerging countries possess. In order to investigate the long-run relationship between the selected variables, the study tests the cross-section dependence, homogeneity, and cointegration and uses Konya tests to determine panel causality. Based on Konya methodology, differences between countries in the panel are evidenced and discussed accordingly. Our findings confirm the long-run relationship between environment, technological innovation, population aging, and FDI. The results of this research are highly relevant for policymakers in selected countries for identifying the set of correlations and the relevance of various variables in such national economies. Demographic features such as population aging and population density are critical for Europe, and the results show the impact on the ecological footprint.

THE POLICY OF D. CAMERON’S GOVERNMENTS IN RELATION TO THE BRITISH STATE PENSION SYSTEM (2010–2016)

In the article the policy of the first (conservative-liberal) and second (conservative) governments of D. Cameron in relation to the British state pension system at the practical and ideological levels is analyzed and the goals and main content and results of this policy is determined. The author has come to the conclusion that, at a practical level, the activities of the executive authority were aimed at ensuring the stable operation of the state pension system in the face of an increasing rate of population aging, on the one hand, and obtaining electoral support for older British, on the other. In the ideological plane, the policy of D. Cameron’s governments in the considered direction of social policy was of a neoliberal nature, which was expressed in the desire of the authorities to increase the individual responsibility of pensioners for their financial well-being by changing the regulation of the state pension system.

Study on the development characteristics and spatial and temporal patterns of population ageing in 31 central cities in China.

Population ageing is inseparable from technological innovation, social progress and the development of human civilization, and constitutes a new element in the development of contemporary human history. To dynamically analyses the developmental, structural and growth characteristics of population ageing in 31 provincial capitals and municipalities in China, using the data of the fifth national census in 2000 and the seventh national census in 2020. The development characteristics and spatial and temporal patterns of population aging in the 31 cities were measured using the population aging index growth model, Theil's index, coefficient of variation, population aging index and other analytical methods. (1) From 2000 to 2020, the population aging rate of the 31 central cities generally increased, and the population aging level of the cities showed the characteristics of "East-Central-Northeast-West" to "Northeast-East-Central-West" decreasing. (2) Regional differences in the ratio of old to young are relatively high, while regional differences in the level of population ageing are relatively small. The level of population ageing is classified with the indicators of size structure, family structure and age structure in the first and third quadrants, and with the geographic concentration rate in the second and fourth quadrants. (3) China's population ageing has a T-shaped spatial distribution characteristic pointing along the coast - along the Yangtze Rivers. The 31 central cities are the center of gravity of China's economy and have strong economic power in dealing with the challenges of population ageing, but how to make population ageing compatible with the economy and society, and then promote sustainable population development, is a topic that needs further attention in the study.

THE INFLUENCE OF POPULATION AGING ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION QUANTITY MECHANISM RESEARCH

Abstract The adjustment of population structure and household size is one of the important factors affecting the amount of household energy consumption. Influenced by the deepening of aging degree and the acceleration of aging development, the amount of energy consumption has also produced a relatively obvious change. Based on the provincial panel data from 2008 to 2017 in China, we used fixed effects and random effects models for regression analysis to further analyze the spatial differences and trends of energy consumption quantity distribution, and explore the mechanism of population aging’s influence on energy consumption quantity. In addition, we explore the path of population aging affecting energy consumption through intermediary effect analysis. Besides, we also analyzes the aging rate of population, energy consumption and environmental protection policies in different countries. It is found that, under the premise of controlling the influence of other variables, population aging rate has a negative impact on the amount of energy consumption, which is different between urban and rural areas. The increase of population aging rate in urban areas may lead to the increase of energy consumption, while the increase of population aging rate in rural areas may lead to the decrease of energy consumption. Household size and household consumption level are important intermediary variables between population aging and energy consumption. Population aging can indirectly affect energy consumption through affecting household size and household consumption level.

Demographic Dynamics and Social Transformation in the EAEU

The paper studies demographic changes characterizing new trends in population reproduction in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), which differ significantly in the level and rate of population aging. The purpose of the research is to develop proposals for improving social institutions aimed at the development of the EAEU in the context of changes in the age structure of the population. The Eurasian Economic Union is a relatively new but rapidly developing regional integration organization, in a certain sense forming the core of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). At the same time, the transition to subsequent integration stages is impossible without the development of social institutions of the EAEU. Currently, the development of social programs and norms for the formation of common social values is not included in the tasks of regional unions in the post-Soviet space or is considered only in passing. Nevertheless, for further integration it becomes essential to take into account demographic trends as factors in the development of the EAEU. The article shows that over the past six years (2017–2022) in the field of natural reproduction, demographic trends in the member countries of the Union had different directions. The greatest impact on the demographic development of the EAEU is exerted by changes in the population of the Russian Federation, although in recent years there has been a slight decrease in the share of Russia in the total population of the Union. The population of the EAEU countries has significant differences in age structure, however, all five member countries of the Union are affected by the process of demographic aging. The article presents a number of proposals aimed at including demographic changes as a factor in the development of the EAEU. These include the preparation of a comprehensive program of interaction on general humanitarian issues, primarily in the field of education and the preservation of cultural values as the basis for the connection between generations.

A Study on the Current Status of Depressive Symptoms and the Application of Physical Exercise Modalities among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

As the rate of population aging continues to increase, geriatric depression, as one of the major public health problems in society, has attracted great attention. At present, the development of geriatric sports in China is insufficient, and the overall proportion of elderly people participating in physical exercise is low, especially the proportion of rural elderly people exercising is even lower than that of urban elderly people, all of which is not conducive to the play of the positive effects of physical exercise on the physical and mental health of the elderly. Adopting safe and feasible measures can bring great help to the management of depression among community-dwelling older adults. This paper analyses the current situation of depression among the elderly in community T, describes the physical exercise methods for the elderly with depression in community T, and explores the application effect of physical exercise methods for depression among the elderly in the community in combination with relevant data.

Assessment of the trend in demographic processes of population aging in the northern and equated territories of the Irkutsk region

Introduction. The process of population aging, characterized by a gain in the group of people of older working age in the age structure, has begun in Russia, and in the developed countries. The demographic policy of the state is aimed at creating a favourable age and gender structure of the population with the aim of systematic socio-economic development of the regions.
 The purpose of the study is to give a comprehensive assessment of the trend in demographic aging of the population of the northern and equated territories of the Irkutsk region over 2011–2019.
 Materials and methods. The selection of territories is based on the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 16, 2021 N 1946 “On approval of the list of regions of the Far North and areas equated to regions of the Far North”. Information on the absolute size of the total population, population by gender and individual age groups was obtained from the Rosstat service for the Irkutsk region. In accordance with the methodological provisions on demographic statistics, special aging coefficients were studied in the formed statistical population using the Statistica 6.0 MS Excel 2017 software packages.
 Results. In the northern and equated territories of the Irkutsk region, population aging processes are taking place. The intensity of the aging process in the regions in time proceeds differently. There is a disproportion in the age-gender structure due to the feminization of aging, which leads to deformation of the age-gender pyramid. In most regions, the depth of aging is decreasing, the number of people surviving to the age group of 75–89 years is becoming smaller. There is a twofold gain in the pension burden coefficient, its trend in the regions is similar to the Irkutsk region in general, with the exception of Bratsky, Nizhneilimsky, Ust-Kutsky industrial areas.
 Research limitations. The method used is applicable in the study of the trend in the population aging rate in certain territories.
 Conclusion. The formation of a steady growth trend of indicators characterizing the processes of population aging in the territories determines the need to develop programs to improve demographic policy in the subject of the Federation.

Potential of Monoclonal Antibody (mAb) as Alternative Treatment of Alzheimer: A Sytematic Scoping Review

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a global problem that is expected to increase along with the increasing rate of population aging. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are considered capable of overcoming the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques; pathological signs of AD. This study aims to explore the potential of mAbs as alternative pharmacological therapies for the elderly with AD. This study uses a scoping review design based on the PAGER framework. The results of the study were identified based on the PRISMA-ScR protocol and criticized using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Article searches were conducted through 3 databases including EBSCO-Host Academic Science Complete, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, and 3 online resources including Sage Journals, Taylor Francis, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were full English text, primary research articles, and published between 2018-2022.A total of 8 articles were included in the review. Most of the evidence shows 6 mAbs have potential to reduce amyloid-β accumulation in AD patients. Alternative therapy with monoclonal antibodies has side effects that represent a major problem in the high incidence of vasogenic cerebral edema and micro cerebral hemorrhage or Amyloid Related Imaging Abnormalities (ARIA). Plasma tau has the potential to strengthen the clinical diagnosis of AD. The use of mAbs as AD immunotherapy can reduce amyloid-β with side effects that are monitored continuously. Differences in mAb examination results can be influenced by less accurate clinical diagnostic accuracy.

Active aging needs from the perspectives of older adults and geriatric experts: a qualitative study.

With an increasing rate of population aging and its consequences, preparation for active aging based on older adults' needs is an unavoidable priority. Active aging needs must be identified to help strategic planning for older adults' health and wellbeing. This study aimed to explore the active aging needs from the perspectives of older adults and geriatric experts. This exploratory-descriptive qualitative study was conducted in four provinces with the oldest populations in Iran. Semi-structured and focus group interviews were conducted with 41 participants (20 older adults and 21 geriatric experts), who were chosen through purposive and snowball sampling. Data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis. This study identified three themes and thirteen categories from the data: (1) basic individual needs with three categories of physiological, psycho-emotional, and spiritual needs; and (2) managerial needs with seven categories of political-legal, socio-economic, and cultural-spiritual infrastructures, academic strategies, an age-friendly environment; technological services, and provision of specialized services and daycare for older adults, and (3) educational needs with three categories of training self-care and self-efficacy, empowering the health care workers; and empowering the family. The results revealed personal, managerial, and educational needs for active aging and could assist policymakers and geriatric experts to promote and meet active aging needs successfully.

A Review of the Research on Labor Supply Effect of Active Aging

Abstract Presently, the policies and support services related to the development and utilization of human resources for the elderly in China are not perfect, and the increasing aging situation affects the labor supply in the social market. In this paper, under the concept related to active aging, the active aging index is proposed, and the current situation is analyzed by studying active aging based on the human capital perspective, the labor supply profile of the elderly in China, and the impact of active aging on labor supply. With the advancement of population aging, the employed population of the elderly grows further, and the employment rate of the elderly population aged 60 and above in China is about 17%. The employment rate of the male elderly population is significantly higher than that of the female elderly population, with the employment rate of 60-year-old male elderly being about 32 percentage points higher than that of females of the same age. Among the employed older adults, nearly 85% or more have an educational attainment of only junior high school or below. Therefore, in the period of rapid population aging in China, it is of great practical significance to study active aging to optimize the structure of the elderly, achieve sustainable economic growth and build a harmonious society.

Community-Acquired Pneumonia Incidence in Adults Aged 18 Years and Older in Goto City, Japan: A Prospective Population-Based Study

Community-Acquired Pneumonia Incidence in Adults Aged 18 Years and Older in Goto City, Japan: A Prospective Population-Based Study

Analysis of the Problems and Countermeasures of China's Aging Population

The overall scale and proportion of the aging population in China is on the rise. The rate of population aging is further accelerated. The trend of advanced aging is increasingly obvious. This study analyzes the current situation and causes of the aging population and proposes specific solution paths and strategies. The authors suggest reducing the impact of population aging by encouraging childbirth to fundamentally increase the number of newborns population, actively promoting the policy of delaying retirement, and building a redistribution system compatible with an aging society. Society is suggested to accelerate the establishment of a sound social security system and to reduce the stereotype of the aged. Applying modern science and technology and better public policies can improve the quality of services for the elderly. These suggestions in this paper provide a reference for improving the social work of the elderly, which is conducive to improving the quality of life and happiness index of the elderly.

Comparative Analysis of Methods for Estimating the Rate of Population Aging

Comparative Analysis of Methods for Estimating the Rate of Population Aging

Development and Implementation of an Intergenerational Bonding Program in a Co-Located Model: A Case Study in Singapore

There is a well-established body of evidence that intergenerational bonding programs (IGPs) can improve the overall well-being of older adults and strengthen relationships and understanding between generations. There is limited literature on the experience of IGPs in an Asian context, despite many of these countries facing faster rates of population ageing than other Western countries. In Singapore, intergenerational bonding is a priority in national efforts to encourage successful ageing. This paper presents a case study of the development and implementation of a co-located (shared site) model IGP in Singapore. Drawing on interviews with key stakeholders, the aim of this case study is to present the realities of the evolution of an IGP from conceptualisation through to implementation, and used the nursing home’s COVID-19 experience to illustrate issues of sustainability affecting IGPs with vulnerable populations. The findings will inform the development and implementation of similar future programs.

Policy Proposals for Infection Control in Patients with Chronic Wounds

South Korea is seeing a steady increase in its aging population. One in five people in the Republic of Korea will be at least 65 years old by 2025, putting more pressure on healthcare and social spending. Various geriatric diseases such as cancer, arthritis, and stroke are major contributors to disabilities in aging populations. Compounded with an increase in diabetes mellitus, the number of patients with pressure ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers is growing. Therefore, considerations for treating chronic wounds such as pressure ulcers and diabetic wounds are emerging as an urgent public health need in South Korea. The treatment of chronic wounds increases medical expenses, placing a significant social, economic, and practical burden on individuals. When complications related to chronic wounds occur, the patient’s quality of life deteriorates, threatening public health. Therefore, strategies for managing chronic wounds are clinically important; South Korea should begin to recognize the importance of chronic wound care. Social attention and government support with the establishment of proper medical insurance policies, as well as efficient medical expense budget execution, are essential for the management of chronic wounds. Silver has been known to inhibit infections for many centuries and is widely used around the world. Previous studies reported the clinical and cost-effectiveness of silver-impregnated dressings. The majority of randomized controlled studies found the positive effects of silver-impregnated dressings on chronic wound healing. A number of studies found that silver-impregnated dressings reduced wound healing time, dressing change frequency, the need for pain medication during dressing changes, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia resulting from MRSA-infected wounds, thereby shortening hospital stays. Despite evidence of the positive effects of silver-impregnated dressings on chronic wound healing, medical insurance policies and government support fall far short of expectations. This is because government officials, who often lack the required knowledge and understanding of chronic wound care, impose impossibly strict regulations on the use of silver-impregnated dressings. The regulations that enable use of silver-impregnated dressings only on major burns prohibitively limit the use of silver-impregnated dressings to a few indications and low-volume uses. Currently, silver-impregnated dressings cannot be used for chronic wounds such as pressure ulcers, diabetic wounds, venous ulcers, and cancerous wounds, even though patients are willing to bear the full costs without any government subsidies. As South Korea has one of the fastest rates of population aging in the world, a continued rise in the economic, clinical, and social impacts of chronic wounds warrants a more structured approach and proportionate investment in chronic wound care. Medical expense budget providers should be encouraged to think broadly about the potential for wider cost savings in terms of reducing wound healing time, hospital stays, and nursing time by using appropriate dressings. Therefore, there is an urgent need for better communication and mutual understanding among wound specialists, policy makers, and working-level public servants on insured dressings for chronic wound care. This white paper is a policy proposal composed by senior members of the Board of Directors of the Korean Wound Management Society for chronic wound care using silver-impregnated dressings and will hopefully contribute to a better understanding of silver-impregnated dressings for chronic wound care.

Regional Differences and Key Influencing Factors of Fertilizer Integrated Efficiency in China

Overuse and low efficiency of chemical fertilizers have caused severe non-point source pollution in China. The investigation of regional difference and the key influencing factors of fertilization intensities (FI) and efficiency can provide references for decision-makers to establish efficient policies for fertilizer use. Using simple models of fertilizer allocation efficiency (FAE) and fertilizer integrated efficiency (FIE), it was found that the east of China excessively used fertilizers, and both the middle and west showed both excessive and insufficient fertilizer use. The average values of the FIE in the east, middle and west of China were 0.69, 0.68 and 0.64, respectively, all of which were at low efficiency. The inter-provincial differences of FIE throughout the country ranged from 0.47 in Shannxi to 0.94 in Shanghai. The population aging rate (PAR), effective irrigation rate (EIR), natural disasters affected rate (DAR) and disaster damaged rate (DDR) are considered the key factors influencing the FIE, based on the new concept of cumulative weight (CW). PAR and EIR are the positive factors, while DAR and DDR are negative. The average FIE is now 0.67 in China, which implies that the increase of chemical fertilizer use efficiency or the reduction of chemical fertilizer amount has a potential of approximate 33%, with the current grain yield and other inputs unchanged. The increase of fertilizer use efficiency should be conducted under local conditions. Optimized intensification of grain production should be given more attention in the east, and implementing disaster prevention and reduction technologies and water-saving irrigation technologies are the preference in the middle and west of China.