Rates Of Organic Manure Research Articles

Integrated Nutrient Management: A Pathway to Enhanced Growth and Yield in Amaranthus tricolor L.

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of manures, fertilizer, and biofertilizers application, either alone or in combination on seed germination, vigor, and yield of Amaranthus. Recommended rates of organic manures viz., farmyard manure (5 t/ha) and vermicompost (2.5 t/ha) biofertilizers i.e., Azotobacter and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 200g per 10 kg of seed were integrated with the recommended dose of fertilizer @ 60: 40: 20 kg/ha NPK. The experiment was designed with twelve treatments with three replications that were laid out in a randomized complete block design. Results revealed that the treatment T12 which consists of half dose of NPK + half dose of vermicompost + Azotobacter and PSB observed early emergence of seeds (3.60 days) along with higher germination percentages (84.53 percent) as well as vigorous seedlings in terms of vigor index-1 (5.75) and vigor index-2 (5.56). The crop was harvested three times at a height of 20 cm and by the application of treatment T12, plants take minimum time for harvest i.e., 21.65, 30.65, and 41.16 days along with the highest yield i.e., 0.50, 1.15, and 0.85 kg per plot at first second and third harvest respectively. Therefore, it is clear that combining inorganic fertilizers with organic manures could increase soil health in addition to enhancing growth and facilitating consistent nutrition for the Amaranthus crop.

Enhancing the Quality of Monoterpenes in (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) Through Rhizobacteria Application Toward Sustained Soil Health

Cymbopogon nardus is an aromatic plant which produces essential oil. Citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol as well-known as monoterpenes. The component of monoterpenes in this research were triggered by organic matter, such as organic manure and rhizobacteria. Organic fertilizers are used for environmentally friendly by maintaining soil and plant health and it’s necessary to achieve agricultural sustainability. Rhizobacteria are beneficial microorganisms for plants and soil for environmental management of both soil, plants, and soil micro biodiversity. Rhizobacteria contributes to soil fertilization through bio-fixation and bio-solubilization of essential nutrients along with the production of growth regulators. Microorganisms regulate the mechanism of absorption and mobility of nutrients in soil. The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of rhizobacteria and organic manure on the component of monoterpenes as well as the content of citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol. The results research show that C. nardus treated with rhizobacteria accumulating of nitrogen 1% and geraniol 5% in leaves which is more than those without rhizobacteria. Interestingly, content of citronellal and citronellol in leaves increased reach at 10% treated by without rhizobacteria and it higher than those supplied with rhizobacteria. In that case, citronellal, citronellol, geraniol formed from the carbon which was seems supplied by organic manure. Furthermore, rhizobacteria treatment shows a stable content of oil components in various rates of organic manure, but able to increase the oil yield at about 30% of C. nardus. Meanwhile, without supply of rhizobacteria, the result of oil yield relatively similar in various rates of organic manure. Regarding to the results, found that application of rhizobacteria able to increase the fresh weight, dry weight, and oil content. As consequently, contribution of rhizobacteria and organic manure to the mechanism of mineralization and improve soil health indirectly. Hence, plant able to uptake and accumulation nutrients in particular nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium.

Using 15N Isotope to Evaluate the Effect of Brown Coal Application on the Nitrogen Fate in the Soil–Plant System

The problems of high nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rate and low N utilization efficiency are common worldwide in vegetable plantations. Application of brown coal (BC, also known as lignite) can increase crop yield and fertilizer N recovery efficiency (NRE). However, the effect of BC application on the utilization and distribution of exogenous N in the soil–plant system under different fertilization strategies is unclear. The pot experiment was set up in three factors of randomized design, including 15N-labeled urea fertilizer, BC, and organic manure, and pakchoi was used as the test crop. There were five rates of 15N-labeled urea, including 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 kg N ha−1, two rates of BC with 5 and 0 t ha−1, and the organic manure with 0 t ha−1 which constitutes ten treatments. The other four treatments were the combination of one 15N-labeled urea rate of 100 kg N ha−1, two rates of BC with 5 and 0 t ha−1, and two rates of organic manure with 100 and 0 kg N ha−1. In conclusion, the interaction of all N fertilizer rates combined with BC improved soil 15N retention efficiency by 10.14% compared without BC amendment. Between 200 and 300 kg N ha−1, the average potential loss rate of 15N decreased by 10.41%. The application of BC could reduce N loss by enhancing plant N uptake and increasing soil retention. The combined use of 200 kg N ha−1 fertilizer and 5 t ha−1 of BC would maintain a high fertilizer NRE and ensure pakchoi yield.

Improvement on yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) using different rates of organic manure and sowing seasons in South Eastern Nigeria

This study aimed at determining how different rates of poultry manure affected the growth and production of onions (Allium cepa L.) in wet and dry seasons. The experiment was conducted from July to October 2019 and from January to April 2020 at the Department of Crop Science teaching and research farm, University of Nigeria Nsukka, South Eastern Nigeria. The experiment applied a randomized complete block design with nine replications spread over three blocks. The treatments were four doses of poultry manure (0, 10, 20 and 30 t.ha-1) tried in two seasons (wet and dry season). Prior to the investigations, soil analysis of the experimental site and poultry manure nutrient content were carried out. The growth pattern and yield was higher during the wet season. Poultry manure at amount of 30 t.ha-1 gave the best growth attributes (number of leaves, leaf length, and leaf diameter) 14.22, 53.67 cm and 0.88 cm respectively while the 20 t.ha-1 had the highest plant height and bulb fresh weight, 60.86 cm and 2 kg/plant respectively. The trend was not the same as in dry season planting because 20 t.ha-1 poultry manure differs significantly from other rates of poultry manure considered. Plant height, leaf length, leaf diameter and bulb fresh weight (57.64 cm, 55.28 cm, 0.84 cm and 0.63 kg/plant respectively) were statistically significantly (p < 0.05) different at 5% probability level. Utilization of 20 t.ha-1 of poultry manure and planting in wet season gave the best growth and yield of onion vegetable.

Comparative Effects of Organic and Inorganic Manure on the Growth and Development of Cucumis Sativus

A study on the comparative effects of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer on the growth and development of Cucumis sativa was carried out at Nnamdi Azikwe University Awka. Randomized Complete Block Design was used for the study. 30kg of sandy loam soil was used and different concentrations of organic manure were 0.5kg, 1.0kg, 1.5kg and 2.0kg, while 0.3kg of inorganic manure was used to treat the soil. Growth parameters such as changes in length, girth, leaf area and the number of leaves were measured on weekly basis and recorded accordingly. The results on the effect of organic manure and inorganic manure on the leaf area of cucumber revealed that the 2kg of organic manure gave the highest leaf area increase of cucumber from 9.33±0.306cm2 in week 1 to 298.79±5.526cm2 in week 6. The performance of 2kg of organic manure is followed by 1.5kg of organic manure which gave leaf area increase of cucumber from 8.97±0.351cm2 in week 1 to 246.69±5.754 cm2 in week 6. The control increased the least leaf area from 3.20±0.200cm2in week 1 to 96.08±5.562 cm2in week 6. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the leaf area of cucumber between treatments studied from week 1 to week 6. Also, results on the effect of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer on the height of cucumber revealed that the 2kg of organic manure gave the highest height increase of cucumber from 6.20±0.100 cm in week 1 to 99.60±0.200 cm in week 6. The performance of 2kg of organic manure is followed by inorganic manure which gave a height increase of cucumber from 5.33±0.058 cm in week 1 to 88.73±4.143 cm in week 6. The control gave the least height increase from 3.33±0.153 cm in week 1 to 29.20±1.153 cm in week 6. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the height of cucumber between treatments studied (that is the different rates of organic manure, inorganic manure and control) from week 1 to week 6. study shows that the treatment of inorganic fertilizer on the cucumber plant had a significant impact on cucumber while organic manure alone gave the highest stem height and stem girth of cucumber.51

GROWTH RESPONSE OF GONGRONEMA LATIFOLIUM (AMARANTH GLOBE) TO SOURCES AND RATES OF ORGANIC MANURES IN AN ACID SOIL ENVIRONMENT OF TROPICAL REGIONS

A field potted experiment was carried out in Asaba area of Delta State, Nigeria to evaluate sources and rates of organic manures (poultry and farmyard) on growth responses of Gongronema latifolium in an acid soil environment. It was a factorial experiment laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated 3 times. Data on plant height, number of leaves/branches, leaf area and stem girth were collected at 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 Weeks after sowing (WAS) and subjected to analysis of variance. The results that the effects on growth parameters of the crop were not significant and that higher application rates significantly increased plant height, number of leaves/branches and stem girth of G. latifolium. Application rates of 15 and 20 t/ha of both poultry and farm yard manures increased plant height from 10.45 cm to 12.52 cm and 8.12 cm and 10.68 cm respectively. The overall result indicated that the higher rate of organic manure, the better the response of growth indices of G. latifolium, though interaction effect was not significant. Poultry manure produced higher values of growth indices than farm yards manure, hence was recommended for increased productivity of G.latifolium in the study area.

Effects of Tractorization and Organic Manure on Physical Properties of Sandy Loam Soil in Abeokuta, Nigeria

Soil compaction has effect on soil physical properties which could affect crop growth and yield. This study was conducted to determine the influence of incorporating organic materials and load application (tractorization) on the physical properties of sandy loamy soil in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Organic materials were cow dung, poultry and swine manure. Application rates of organic manures were 0 (control), 5 and 10 tonnes per hectare. Forty-five plots measuring 5 by 3 m were established in a complete randomized block experimental design with three replications making a total of 135 plots. Load application was done using an MF 435 tractor coupled with a 20-disc harrow at 0 (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20 passes. Penetration resistance, bulk density, gravimetric moisture content andporosity were determined using standard procedures. Penetrometer resistance at these passes were 392.2, 293.3, 285.0, 302.0 and 224.9 kPa respectively with significant differences between treatments (P≤0.05). Mean bulk density for the passes were 1.21, 1.26, 1.31, 1.27 and 1.29 g/cm3 respectively and bulk density increased with tractor passes. The effect of tractor passes, and manure incorporation rate did not have any significant effect on gravimetric moisture content. Poultry manure increased bulk density and penetrometer resistance on plots than swine manure and cow dung hence poultry manure at 10 t/ha can be incorporated on a sandy loam soil to enhance soil fertility and sustainability.
 Keywords: Tractorization, organic manure, sandy loam, penetration resistance, bulk density

Investigation of the Effect of Slurry, Combined with Inorganic N Rate and Timing, on the Yield of Spring Barley Post Cover Crop of Stubble Turnips

Integration of cover crops into arable rotations over winter results in difficulty in determining the nitrogen (N) requirement for the following commercial crop. The region of Northern Ireland (NI) has had no previous field research on cover crops and how they may affect N supply to the following commercial crop. Stubble turnips (Brassica rapa oleifera L.) were sown as a cover crop, after the harvest of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and retained over winter. Prior to planting the stubble turnips, pig slurry was applied to maximise cover crop growth. The stubble turnips accumulated 111 and 150 kg N/ha in their biomass. This equates to 79 and 107% of the N requirement of a 5 t/ha spring barley crop, if this N is released sufficiently. In this experiment, the cover crop of stubble turnips was over-sown with spring barley and supplemented with different rates of organic manures (either applied at 50 m3/ha of pig slurry or not applied), and inorganic N fertiliser (0, 70 and 140 kg N/ha), at two different timings (early or late). In the two experimental years, additional N supplied in the form of inorganic N or organic manures, did not significantly enhance spring barley yields. No control area of fallow was included in this trial. However, this study demonstrates that in this region there may be a greater rate of N release from the cover crop of stubble turnips than estimated due to agronomic management practices applied and conducive climatic conditions. This means that in this study location, a reduced N rate programme supplemented to the spring barley is possible, which lead to considerable financial savings.

Assessing impacts of nitrogen management on nitrous oxide emissions and nitrate leaching from greenhouse vegetable systems using a biogeochemical model

Greenhouse vegetable (GV) fields with intensive nitrogen application and frequent flood irrigation may substantially contribute to reactive nitrogen (Nr) losses, such as nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and nitrate (NO3−) leaching. In this study, we applied a biogeochemical model, Denitrification-Decomposition (DNDC), to assess impacts of N management on vegetable yields, N2O emissions, and NO3−-N leaching from GV systems. The model was evaluated using multi-year (2011–2013) field measurements of vegetable yields, N2O emissions, and NO3−-N concentrations in the surface soil layer and soil leachate under three treatments with different N management. The model evaluations demonstrated that the simulations of the vegetable yields and seasonal cumulative N2O emissions were consistent with the corresponding observations after calibration. In addition, DNDC generally captured the seasonal variations of the N2O fluxes and NO3−-N concentrations in the surface soil layer and the seasonal patterns and magnitudes of the measured NO3−-N concentrations in soil leachate in 2011. We then assessed impacts on the vegetable yields, N2O emissions, and NO3−-N leaching of different N management practices by conducting simulations under scenarios with changes in rate of the applied N-fertilizers and the application of nitrification inhibitor (NI). The results suggested that 1) the increasing of organic or synthetic N application rate generally increased the N2O emissions and NO3−-N leaching, but did not persistently increase the vegetable yields, 2) urea N application could induce more N2O emissions and NO3−-N leaching in comparison with organic N amendment, and 3) the NI application could decrease the N2O emissions and NO3−-N leaching while maintaining the vegetable yields at the GV fields. The optimum management practice identified in this study was applying organic manure at a rate of 320 kg N ha−1 four season−1 and urea at a rate of 334 kg N ha−1 four season−1, combined with the NI application. The optimum management practice reduced the rates of organic manure (1600 kg N ha−1 four season−1) and urea (1670 kg N ha−1 four season−1) under the farm's conventional practice by 80%. This practice maintained or slightly increased the yields and mitigated the N2O emissions and NO3−-N leaching by 81% to 90% and 92% to 95%, respectively, among different vegetable growing seasons.

Effect of Different Rates of Organic Manure (Cow Dung) on the Growth of Solanum Lycopersicum L.

The application of different rates of organic manure (cow dung) on the growth of Solanum lycopersicum L. grown for six weeks in polyethene bags was carried out in this study. The treatments were done in triplicates which include 30kg of soil uniformly mixed with 5kg, 10kg, 15kg, and 20kg of cow dung manure and control without (cow dung) manure. Each treatment was replicated three times. The data collected were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and mean separation by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Solanum lycopersicum with the rate of 20kg/ha increased the percentage germination (2.66±2.8), height of plant from (7.66±1.040) in week 1 to (63.26±7.166) in week 6, leaf area from (2.14±1.540) in week 1 to (71.04±7.005) in week 6, stem girth from (1.60±0.264) in week 1 to (4.23±0.251) in week 6 and the number of branches from (3.00±1.000) in week 1 to (14.33±4.041) in week 6 respectively. The control (0kg/ha) gave the lowest in percentage germination (0.60±0.100%), in height, from (5.06±0.702) in week 1 to (14.50±3.968) in week 6, leaf area from (0.87±0.280) in week 1 to (7.18±4.447) in week 6, in stem girth from (0.50±0.100) in week 1 to (2.43±0.251) in week 6 and lowest in number of branches from (0.00±0.00) in week 1 to (6.00±1.000) in week 6 respectively. Thus, this study alluded that cow dung can be used to enhance the growth, productivity and yield of tomato in low nutrient soil in the rate of 20kg/ha which showed a significant increase in growth and yield of tomato.

Growth, Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Corchorus olitorius under Irrigated and Rain-fed Conditions in Northeastern Benin (West Africa)

Aims: Investigated the influence of organic manures (municipal solid waste compost [MSWC] and cow dung) and N-fertilizer on growth, yield and nutrient use efficiency of jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius L.) under two water regimes (rain-fed and irrigated).
 Study Design: Randomized complete block.
 Place and Duration of Study: Farm of Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Parakou, Northern Benin (latitude 09°20’16.8’’N and longitude 002°38’54’’ E, 353 m asl), during 2013 rainy (June to August) and dry seasons (October to December 2013).
 Methodology: Ten treatments derived from a factorial combination of five levels of organic manures (control, MSWC at 10 t/ha, MSWC at 20 t/ha, cow dung at 10 t/ha and cow dung at 20 t/ha) and two levels of N-fertilizer (0 kg and 50 kg urea/ha), arranged in a randomized complete block with three replicates were considered.
 Results: Results showed that water regime significantly (p<.001) affected growth and yield of jute mallow. In addition, the growth and yield parameters showed significant differences (p<.001) in relation to different rates of organic manures. The integrated use of organic manure and urea increased plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of branches, leaf growth parameters and leaf yield. The maximum amount of leaf yield (7554.88 kg/ha) was obtained with 20 tons/ha of MSWC and 50 kg urea/ha.
 Conclusion: Fertilizer types also had highly significant effects on nutrient use efficiency. Application of these treatments could help to enhance yield and growth of the jute mallow.

黑土团聚体结合碳对不同有机肥施用量的响应

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 黑土团聚体结合碳对不同有机肥施用量的响应 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201802220376 作者: 作者单位: 哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院;中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学青年基金项目（41601316）；黑龙江省普通高等学校青年创新人才培养计划项目（UNPYSCT-2018184）；哈尔滨师范大学科技创新能力计划项目（xkb201309）；国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0300802） Response of aggregate-associated carbon in Mollisols to application rate of organic manure Author: Affiliation: Harbin Normal University,,,,,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:以连续11年化肥配施不同剂量有机肥的黑土为研究对象，采用团聚体分组与闭蓄态微团聚体分离技术，研究土壤团聚体及其内部组分有机碳对不同有机肥施用量的响应，以期从团聚体尺度揭示黑土有机碳的物理稳定性机制。试验设置4个处理：OM0，仅施化肥；OM1，低量有机肥（7.5 Mg hm-2 a-1）+化肥；OM2，中量有机肥（15 Mg hm-2 a-1）+化肥；OM3，高量有机肥（22.5 Mg hm-2 a-1）+化肥，各处理化肥用量相同。结果显示，与单施化肥相比，有机培肥处理土壤有机碳水平均有显著提升，低量、中量和高量有机肥处理分别提高了7.1%、12.4%和15.7%。有机培肥促进了土壤的团聚化作用，随着有机肥施用量的增加，250-2000 μm团聚体含量增加，粉粘粒含量降低，土壤团聚体的稳定性增强，但与中量有机肥相比，高量有机肥输入对土壤团聚化的作用并不明显。有机培肥加速了土壤大团聚体的周转，大团聚体周转速率随着有机肥施用量的增加而加快。有机肥输入并未影响粉黏粒结合有机碳浓度，表明在无有机肥投入的传统管理措施下，黑土粉黏粒已接近或达到碳饱和水平。随着有机肥输入的增加，微团聚体有机碳小幅增加，大团聚体有机碳增加趋势明显，而当有机肥用量最大时，微团聚体有机碳无显著变化，仅大团聚体有机碳仍继续增加，表明高量有机肥投入下微团聚体有机碳库已达到饱和，而更多的新增碳流向大团聚体。对大团聚体内部组分解析发现，高量有机肥处理下大团聚体有机碳的增加主要归因于粗颗粒有机质的增加。这些结果表明，黑土团聚体对有机碳的固持存在由小到大的等级饱和机制，随着有机肥输入的增加，粉粘粒最先达到饱和，然后是微团聚体，而更多的新增碳向周转不断加速的大团聚体富集，固持在活性相对较强的有机碳库-粗颗粒有机质之中。 Abstract:This study used fractionation of aggregates and microaggregate-within-macroaggregate techniques to determine the organic carbon (C) content in aggregates and subfractions within aggregates of Mollisols after 11 years of continuous manuring in combination with mineral fertilizers. We aimed to explore the physical protection mechanisms of organic C stabilization of Mollisols at the soil aggregate level. The following four treatments were selected:OM0, only mineral fertilizers with no manure application; OM1, organic manure at the lowest level (7.5 Mg hm-2 a-1) plus mineral fertilizers; OM2, organic manure at the medium level (15 Mg hm-2 a-1) plus mineral fertilizers; and OM3, organic manure at the highest level (22.5 Mg hm-2 a-1) plus mineral fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers were applied at the same rate in each treatment. We found that organic manuring at various rates in combination with mineral fertilizers significantly enhanced the soil organic C (SOC) content. The SOC content in the OM1, OM2, and OM3-treated Mollisols was increased by 7.1%, 12.4%, and 15.7%, respectively, compared to that with OM0 treatment. Organic fertilization greatly facilitated the macroaggregation processes and enhanced the aggregate stability compared with OM0 treatment. The proportion of small macroaggregates (250-2000 μm) increased, whereas the proportion of the silt-plus-clay fraction decreased in response to an increase in the organic manure addition rates. However, there was no significant difference between the OM2 and OM3 treatments in the weight proportion of aggregates or their mean weight diameters. The turnover rate of macroaggregates increased with an increase in the application rates of organic manure. Organic manuring did not affect the C concentration of the silt-plus-clay fraction, which indicated that the silt and clay particles had approached or reached the C saturation level under the traditional management practices without organic manure input. An increase in the organic manure input slightly increased microaggregate C and significantly increased macroaggregate C. When organic manure was supplied at the highest level, microaggregate C did not change significantly, and only macroaggregate C continued to increase, which indicated that the microaggregate C pool had reached saturation and that additional C was sequestered in macroaggregates. Physical separation of the macroggregates into subfractions showed that the increase of organic C in macroaggregates was mainly attributable to the increase of coarse particulate organic matter in macroaggregates (coarse iPOM). These results suggested that C saturation occurred in a hierarchical fashion in a Mollisol. As the C input increased, the silt-plus-clay C pool saturated before the microaggregate C pool and, consequently, additional C input only accumulated in a relatively labile C pool, the coarse iPOM within macroaggregates, which has a relatively faster turnover rate. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Effect of Organic Manure Application on Neutron Moisture Meter Calibration Curve of Sand Soil

Neutron moisture meter (NMM) calibration accuracy and precision must be done to obtain reliable results. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of applied organic manure on neutron moisture meter calibration curve of sandy soil. The experiment was carried out at the farm of soil and water department, Atomic Energy Authority. Two rates of organic manure were added (48 and 71.5m3/ha) including untreated control to surface sand soil at depth 20 cm. Neutron moisture meter calibration curve for 30 and 50 cm depth were done, the results showed that a 30 cm depth the neutron calibration curves for three treatments have approximately the same slope, and there is differences in the intercept which were 1.131, 1.298 and 1.978 for rate 2, rate 1 and control, respectively. The values of volumetric soil water content versus count ration presented in Tables 2 and 3 showed that at the same count ratio the values of water content decrease with increasing rate of organic matter in the case of 30cm depth, for 50cm depth the values of soil water content approximately the same at each count.

Seasonal and long-term changes in soil physical properties and organic carbon fractions as affected by manure application rates in the Mollisol region of Northeast China

Organic amendments may increase crop yields by improving soil nutrient availability and soil structures by enhancing soil organic matter (SOM). Yet how soil structures are improved by increasing organic application rates during crop growth periods and affect crop yields are not well understood. By using a 14-yr field experiment, the objectives of this study were 1) to examine long-term effects of amendment rates of organic manure on crop yields, soil organic carbon (SOC) contents in aggregates and bulk soil, and soil structural and hydraulic properties, and 2) to investigate the effects of SOC changes on the seasonal dynamics of soil aggregates, soil pore structures and hydraulic conductivity. The organic manure was incorporated into soil at the rates of 0 (OM0), 7.5 (OM7.5), 15 (OM15) and 22.5 (OM22.5) Mg ha−1 in combination with balanced mineral N, P and K fertilizers. The manure application rates had negligible effects on soil N and K availability, but increased crop yields. The SOC contents, aggregate stabilities, and hydraulic conductivities changed with time in all the treatments during the soybean growth period in 2014, but in different manners as affected by the manure application rates. With the increase of manure application rates, SOC storages increased in all physical fractions and in the > 0.25-mm aggregates. However, the saturated hydraulic conductivity and effective porosity of > 1-mm macropores increased profoundly only in the treatments of OM15 and OM22.5 after June. The correlation analyses suggested that all the SOC pools might contribute to the stabilization of macroaggregates and that the transformation of organic manure into SOC in macroaggregates might influence the formation of the stable, > 1-mm macropores. These findings indicated that sufficient organic materials (equivalent to total annual crop straw biomass) should be incorporated into soil to maintain the resilience of soil structures in addition to high water retention and drainage capacities during the crop growth period in the high-altitude Mollisol region of China.

Evaluation of Different Rates of Organic Manure and Water Management Practices on Methane Emission from Rice Production

Evaluation of Different Rates of Organic Manure and Water Management Practices on Methane Emission from Rice Production

Kinetics of potassium release and fixation in some soils of Ogun State, Southwestern, Nigeria as influenced by organic manure

PurposeThe study investigated the effects of poultry and goat manures on the kinetics of potassium fixation and release in some sandy loam and loamy soils of Ogun State, Nigeria.MethodsThe treatments consisted of poultry and goat manures applied at 25 g and 100 g/5 kg soil set in completely randomized design with three replicates. Potassium fixation and release kinetics were computed from the analytical data.ResultsExperimental soils was sandy, slightly acidic, low in nutrients with 80% fixed potassium. However, manure application resulted in 74% reduction of the amount of K fixed by the soils. Elovich and power functions had the best fit for K released in soils treated with goat manure. The K release pattern in poultry manure-amended soil is best described by the parabolic diffusion, Elovich, and power functions, while the first-order equation described K release in soils treated with cattle manure. The potassium release rate constant correlated positively with K uptake.ConclusionThe ability of the studied soils to fixed K was reduced with the application of organic manures. Potassium fixation decreased with increase in organic manure rates, 100 g/5 kg soil tends to be the optimum rate, and poultry manure had greater effect on the fixing and releasing power of K.

Effect of Some Organic Manure on Growth and Yield of Garlic in Greenhouse Condition at Cold Desert High Altitude Ladakh Region

<p>A field experiment was conducted to investigate effects of four organic manure sources (vermicompost, poultry manure, sheep & goat manure and cattle FYM) on growth and yield attributing characters of garlic in greenhouse condition during extreme winter months (October to May) at Leh-Ladakh, India with three application rates of organic manures <em>viz</em>. 10, 20 and 30 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>. The results revealed that, organic manure application enhanced plant growth, improved garlic yield and its components <em>viz</em>. no. of cloves per bulb, bulb diameter and weight. Also, with increasing rate of application of organic manures from 10 to 20 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>, all growth and yield characters of garlic were improved. Vermicompost and poultry manure had significant effects on plant growth characters <em>viz</em>. plant height, number of leaves per plant, length and width of leaves especially in the T<sub>3</sub> and T<sub>6</sub> treatments. Highest garlic yield (105.03q ha<sup>-1</sup>) was achieved in T<sub>6</sub> treatment (poultry manure @ 20 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>). Overall, application of organic manures proved to be beneficial for garlic production and its application should be popularized for sustainable agriculture in fragile ecosystem of cold arid desert of Ladakh region. </p>

The Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Yield of Two Contrasting Soybean Varieties and Residual Nutrient Effects on a Subsequent Finger Millet Crop

The problems of low soil fertility resulting from continuous monocropping, crop residue removal and limited fertilizer use represent key challenges to produce surplus food for the ever increasing population of Ethiopia. However, the practices of crop rotation and integrated sources of fertilizer uses could potentially improve soil fertility and productivity. In 2012 and 2014, soybean with different trials consisting of two soybean varieties (Boshe and Ethio-ugozilavia), three levels of farm yard manure (FYM) (3, 6 and 9 t/ha) and three phosphorus levels (8, 16 and 24 kg P ha−1) were combinedin2×3×3factorialarrangements. Twosoybeanvarietiesreceivingnofertilizerapplication followed by finger millet receiving a recommended rate (20 kg P/ha) were included. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In 2013 and 2015, finger millet was planted on each soybean plot as per previous treatment arrangements to evaluate the effect of the precursor crop (soybean) and integrated fertilizer application on yield performance of the subsequent finger millet. Soil pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus before planting and after crop harvest of soybean in each year showed treatment differences. Both precursor crop and fertilizer application had a positive effect on soil fertility status and, hence, improved the performance of the subsequent finger millet. On the other hand, since the rainfall amount and distribution were different in the 2012 and 2014 seasons, the response of soybean varieties to applied fertilizers was significantly affected, and the correlation between soybean yield and annual rainfall was strongly positive. Use of an early maturing soybean variety (Boshe) with the lowest rates of organicandinorganicfertilizersgavesignificantlyhigheryieldin2012(shortrainyseason)compared with other treatment combinations. In the 2014 cropping season, however, ‘Ethio-ugozilavia’ showed greateryield performancewith the combinedapplication of3 t FYM/haand 1616kg PP/ha followed by 3 t FYM and 88 kg P/ha. Hence, it is recommended to use the ‘Boshe’ variety under a short rainy season and under a low soil fertility status, while variety the ‘Ethio-ugozilavia’ can be used under goodrainyandsoilfertilitymanagementconditions. Consideringresidualeffects,theuseoftheearly maturing soybean variety as a precursor with 3 t FYM/ha and 8–16,816 kg P/ha during the short rainy season could enhance the yield of the subsequent finger millet. On the other hand, the use of the late maturing soybean variety as a precursor with higher organic fertilizer rates (6–9 t FYM/ha) resulted in a significant yield increase of the subsequent finger millet. The use of a late maturing variety of soybean with lower rates of organic manure resulted in a finger millet yield comparable to farmers’ practice, indicating that this option can be adopted by smallholder farmers who cannot produce sufficient organic manure. This study showed that planting of finger millet after a soybean precursor crop even without fertilizer application could give better yield and economic benefits as it saves 70–85% of chemical fertilizer costs compared to the farmers’ practice.

Effect of integrated use of manure and fertilizer on the growth and yield of potato

An experiment was set up in the Research Farm of Patuakhali Science and Technology University, during the rabi season of 2015 to evaluate the effect of fertilizers and manures on the growth and yield of Potato. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two potato varieties namely Diamant (V1) and Cardinal (V2) and five different types and rates of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers viz. T0: Control , T1: NPK, T2: NPK + CW(Cowdung), T3: NPK+ PM(Poultry Mannure) and T4: CW(Cowdung), + PM(Poultry Mannure) were used for the present study. The two–factor experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Result showed that almost all the characters were affected significantly due to the effect of varieties, organic–inorganic fertilizer and their combinations .In case of treatments, NPK with PM also showed the tallest plant (39.76 cm), highest fresh and dry weight (95.97 and 6.05 g plant–1, respectively), CGR and RGR (0.086 and 0.218 g m–2 day–1, respectively), gross (24.36 t ha–1) and marketable (23.39 t ha–1) compared other treatments. In case of interaction, the highest plant height (41.00 cm), highst fresh and dry weight (96.87 and 3.62 g plant–1, respectively), highest CGR and RGR (0.089 and 0.228 g m–2 day–1, respectively) as well as the highest gross (24.45 t ha–1) and marketable (23.67 t ha–1) yield were recorded in Diamant at NPK with PM. From the above observation it may be concluded that the variety Diamant at NPK + PM was more effective under Patuakhali region.Progressive Agriculture 27 (4): 435-443, 2016

Effect of Some Different Sourses of Organic Fertilizers and Seaweed Extract on Growth and Essential Oil of Sweet Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Plants.

This work was carried out during the two successive winter seasons of 2014/ 2015 and 2015/ 2016 at Meet Assas village, (Private Farm) Gharbieh Governorate, Egypt, on sweet fennel plants, to investigate the utilization of some different sources and rates of organic manure (chicken and farmyard manure) at 50 and100 % of recommended rate / fed., foliar fertilizer of seaweed extracts ( without and with 2 g / liter) compared with mineral NPK fertilizer at 50 and 100 % of recommended rate /fed., and their interaction on plant growth, yield (bulb and fruit fennel) and chemical composition. The application of farmyard manure at 100 % with seaweed extract showed increased growth compared to the chicken manure at 100% or inorganic fertilizer at 100% with seaweed extracts in the plant fresh and dry weight, plant height, number of leaves, bulb and fruits yield, as well as essential oil. Similarly, chemical parameters have also shown increased from farmyard manure over the inorganic fertilizers. Thus our study provides the evidence for using seaweed extract with organic fertilizer like farmyard manure by farmers to have better yield to produce from bulbs and fruits, organic manure is easy available, environmentally safe and cost effective in sweet fennel plants