Rates Of Mild Cognitive Impairment Research Articles

Follow-Up of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Related Disorders over Four Years in Adults in Their Sixties: The PATH Through Life Study

Aims: The study aimed to estimate incidence rates of mild cognitive impairment and related disorders, and conversion to dementia. Methods: The data are drawn from the PATH Through Life Study. Baseline assessment in 2001–2002 included 2,551 participants 60–64 years old with 2,222 participating in a 4-year follow-up. Those screened positive with a cognitive assessment received clinical assessment for diagnoses of mild cognitive disorders (MCD) or dementia using established clinical criteria. Prevalence and incidence rates for the cohort were estimated with predictive regression models. Results: Annual incidence of dementia was 0.25%. Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment was 4.2%, age-associated memory impairment was 2.4%, age-associated cognitive decline was 7.6%, mild neurocognitive disorders occurred in 12.9% and other cognitive disorders in 7.3%. Prevalence of any diagnosis of any MCD (Any-MCD) was 29.5% and the annual incidence rate for Any-MCD was 5.7%. Agreement for specific diagnoses between waves 1 and 2 was fair to poor (0–47.0%), but agreement for Any-MCD over 4 years was 89.0%. Conclusion: MCD diagnoses do not predict dementia at a 4-year follow-up in young-old adults. Prevalence rates for MCD vary greatly depending on the criteria and time of assessment.

A Clinical Approach to Mild Cognitive Impairment

A Clinical Approach to Mild Cognitive Impairment

Dietary fatty acids intakes and rate of mild cognitive impairment. The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging

The possible impact of diet, particularly the intake of fatty acids, on cognitive decline and dementia was addressed recently by several studies. We investigated the role of dietary fatty acids on the rate of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a population-based, prospective study carried out on 278 and 186 nondemented elderly subjects (65–84 years) at the 1st (1992–1993) and 2nd (1995–1996) survey from the cohort of Casamassima, Bari, Italy ( n=704), one of the eight centers of the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging. During the median follow-up of 2.6 years, 18 new events of MCI were diagnosed, and high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake appeared to be a protective factor against the development of MCI [hazard ratio (HR): 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43–0.98, trend-test, df=1, p<0.04]. However, when we controlled for the possible confounders (age, sex, education, Charlson comorbidity index, and total energy intake), the HR slightly changed, and the highly skewed 95% CI, while not statistically significant, may be important (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.34–1.13, p=0.12). In our population, dietary fatty acids intakes were not associated with incident MCI in older age, only high PUFA intake evidenced a borderline nonsignificant trend for a protective effect against the development of MCI.

Implementing Diagnostic Criteria and Estimating Frequency of Mild Cognitive Impairment in an Urban Community

Reported rates of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) range widely depending on methodologic differences, including specific sample characteristics, cognitive measures used, normative samples used for neuropsychological tests, and diagnostic criteria. To operationalize diagnostic criteria for MCI and examine the frequency of MCI in ethnically and linguistically diverse elders (individuals older than 65 years). Prospective, community-based longitudinal cohort study. Northern Manhattan, New York, NY. A cohort of 1315 nondemented elderly participants. A diagnosis of MCI was assigned retrospectively on the basis of comprehensive neuropsychological, functional, and neurologic assessments. Amnestic MCI, as well as forms of mild impairment with other cognitive characteristics, were classified. The frequency of amnestic MCI was 5.0% (95% confidence interval, 3.8-6.2). Other subtypes of MCI ranged in frequency from 2.1% to 6.2%. Mild cognitive impairment was more common among those older than 75 years compared with those aged 65 to 75 years. Individuals with fewer than 9 years of schooling were more likely to meet MCI criteria. Apolipoprotein (APOE) E4 allele was more frequent among those with amnestic MCI. When proper normative values are used, only age and education, and not race or ethnicity, are associated with higher frequency of MCI. The proportion of nondemented elders with isolated memory deficits is smaller than the proportion with deficits in multiple cognitive domains. The strong association of the APOE E4 allele with only amnestic MCI suggests that there are likely to be multiple causes of cognitive impairment and differential rates of conversion to Alzheimer disease within the cognitive subtypes of MCI.

Uncomplicated and Comorbid Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in an Epidemiologic Sample

AbstractThis study investigates lifetime prevalence rates, demographic characteristics, childhood conduct disorder and adult antisocial features, suicide attempts, and cognitive impairment in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) uncomplicated by or comorbid with any other psychiatric disorder. The data are from the NIMH Epidemiological Catchment Area (ECA) study, and the current analyses compared subjects with uncomplicated OCD (no history of any other lifetime psychiatric disorder) comorbid OCD (with any other lifetime disorder), other lifetime psychiatric disorders, and no lifetime psychiatric disorders across these variables. OCD in its uncomplicated and comorbid form had significantly higher rates of childhood conduct symptoms, adult antisocial personality disorder problems, and of suicide attempts than did no or other disorders. Comorbid OCD subjects had higher rates of mild cognitive impairment on the Mini-Mental Status Exam than did subjects with other disorders. These findings suggest that a subgroup of OCD patients may have impulsive features, including childhood conduct disorder symptoms and an increased rate of suicide attempts; wider clinical attention to these outcomes is needed.

Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in an elderly community sample.

The term "mild cognitive impairment" refers to cognitive deficits which exceed normal physiological aging processes, but do not fulfill the criteria for dementia. While recent studies indicate that the respective deficits can be reliably assessed, different diagnostic criteria have prevented a wide application of this diagnosis in clinical practice. The aims of the present study were (1) to assess the prevalence rates of four current diagnostic concepts and (2) to investigate mild cognitive impairment with respect to psychological and sociodemographic variables. Data from 202 probands recruited from the interdisciplinary longitudinal study on adult development were analyzed. On the time of examination, probands were between 60 to 64 years old and in a good health. The following prevalence rates were determined: 13.5% for age-associated memory impairment (AAMI), 6.5% for age-consistent memory impairment (ACMI), 1.5% for late-life forgetfulness (LLF), and 23.5% for aging-associated cognitive decline (AACD). Complaints of cognitive deficits were significantly correlated with higher scores on depression and neuroticism scales but with none of the neuropsychological measures. Reduced performance in neuropsychological tests was associated with a lower educational level and socioeconomic status. We conclude that the prevalence rates of mild cognitive impairment are highly dependent on the diagnostic criteria applied. In this respect the self-report of cognitive decline might be a less useful criteria. Longitudinal studies are warranted to further elucidate the predictive value of these diagnostic criteria.

Uncomplicated and comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in an epidemiologic sample.

This study investigated lifetime prevalence rates, demographic characteristics, childhood conduct disorder and adult antisocial features, suicide attempts, and cognitive impairment in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) uncomplicated by or comorbid with any other psychiatric disorder. The data are from the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study, and the current analyses compared subjects with uncomplicated OCD (no history of any other lifetime psychiatric disorder), comorbid OCD (with any other lifetime disorder), other lifetime psychiatric disorders, and no lifetime psychiatric disorders across these variables. OCD in its uncomplicated and comorbid form had significantly higher rates of childhood conduct symptoms, adult antisocial personality disorder problems, and of suicide attempts than did no or other disorders. Comorbid OCD subjects had higher rates of mild cognitive impairment on the Mini-Mental Status Exam than did subjects with other disorders. These findings suggest that a subgroup of OCD patients may have impulsive features, including childhood conduct disorder symptoms and an increased rate of suicide attempts; wider clinical attention to these outcomes is needed.