Rates Of Genital Warts Research Articles

Increased incidence of genital warts among women and men with type 1 diabetes compared with the general population-results from a nationwide registry-based, cohort study.

To estimate the incidence rates of genital warts (GWs) in women and men with type 1 diabetes compared to persons without diabetes. In this nationwide registry-based cohort study, we included the entire population aged 15 to 49years living in Denmark between 1996 and 2016. From national registries, we retrieved individual level information on diabetes status, diagnoses and treatment of GWs, and potential confounding variables. We used Poisson regression to model sex- and age-specific incidence rates of GWs in persons with type 1 diabetes and persons without diabetes. Based on the models, we computed sex-specific incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of GWs in persons with type 1 diabetes compared to persons without diabetes, overall and according to age. The analysis included 3,514,824 persons without type 2 diabetes and no GW diagnoses before baseline. The incidence rate of GWs in persons with type 1 diabetes was higher than in those without diabetes, both among women (IRR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.42-1.78) and men (IRR = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.25-1.48). The pattern of increased incidence rates of GWs in persons with type 1 diabetes was seen at all ages. Persons with type 1 diabetes have higher incidence rates of GWs than persons without diabetes. This supports the importance of HPV vaccination of young girls and boys with type 1 diabetes.

Genital viral infections in clinical practice: effectiveness of complex treatment

Recurrent genital herpes and anogenital warts differ in etiological factor and clinical presentation. The main objectives afflicting the gynecologist are to lengthen the period of remission as long as practicable and reduce recurrence rates of genital warts. The article presents the analysis of the effectiveness and safety of the complex therapy for recurrent genital herpes and anogenital (venereal) warts.

Recurrence of genitals warts in pre-HPV vaccine era after laser treatment

PurposeHuman papillomavirus (HPV) can cause condylomata acuminata, also known as genital warts. Our aim was to evaluate the long-term recurrence of genital warts after primary carbon dioxide laser treatment before the introduction of the vaccination against HPV.MethodsRecurrence rate and localization of genital warts were analysed in a retrospective study in 1798 women presenting with a new diagnosis of genital warts from 1992 to 2009 at a University hospital and had received laser treatment. Additionally, data on topography, pregnancy status, and cervical smear were available for women treated from 2003 to 2009 (n = 825, data subset 1) and systematic follow-up data for women treated in 2006 and 2007 (n = 242, data subset 2).ResultsMedian time from laser treatment to first recurrence was 14.6 weeks (data subset 2). The site most affected was the vulva (90.7%) followed by the perineum/perianal region (59.3%) and the vagina (47.3%). Abnormal Pap smear was observed in 22.6%. Systematic follow-up with a median follow-up time of 3.1 years revealed at least one recurrence in 68 (28.1%) of 242 women. Women with multifocal genital warts had a 2.9 times increased risk for recurrence compared to women with unifocal lesions (p = 0.01).ConclusionsNearly 30% of women presenting with genital warts experienced at least one recurrence after treatment with carbon dioxide laser. Multifocal lesions are the strongest indicator of recurrence. These data provide an important insight to recurrence rates of genital warts before HPV vaccination and underline the significance of a long-term follow-up and HPV vaccination.

Impact of Number of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Doses on Genital Warts Diagnoses Among a National Cohort of U.S. Adolescents.

The impact of fewer than 3 doses of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine on genital warts is uncertain. Using the Truven Health Analytics Marketscan administrative database, we compared rates of genital warts among women receiving 0, 1, 2, or 3 doses of HPV vaccine. Females aged 9 to 18 years on January 1, 2007, who were continuously enrolled in the database through December 31, 2013, were included. Patients were assigned an HPV dose state (0, 1, 2, or 3) based on the last recorded dose. The exposure period began on January 1, 2007, or the date of the final HPV dose, and lasted until the first diagnosis of genital warts or December 31, 2013. Multivariable Poisson regression was performed to determine the risk of genital warts associated with vaccine doses. Among 387,906 subjects, mean age and exposure period were 14.73 and 5.64 years, respectively. The proportions of doses received were: 52.1%, 7.8%, 9.4%, and 30.7% for 0, 1, 2, and 3 doses, respectively. The rate of genital warts was 1.97/1000 person-years. Receipt of 0 or 1 dose was associated with more genital warts than 3 doses. The effectiveness of 2 doses following current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines was similar to 3 doses. The risk of genital warts rose with age. Prevention of genital warts is higher with completion of 3 vaccine doses than with 1 dose, though 2-dose recommendations appear to provide similar protection. Prospective effectiveness studies of recommended 2-dose schedules against clinical endpoints including persistent infection, genital warts, and cervical dysplasia are necessary to ensure long-term protection of vaccinated cohorts.

Decline in genital warts diagnoses among young women and young men since the introduction of the bivalent HPV (16/18) vaccination programme in England: an ecological analysis

BackgroundFor several decades, diagnoses of genital warts at genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics in England had been increasing. In 2008, a national human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme was introduced using the...

Trends in Male and Female Genital Warts Among Adolescents in a Safety-Net Health Care System 2004-2013: Correlation With Introduction of Female and Male Human Papillomavirus Vaccination.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination remains underused in the United States, and few population-level studies on effectiveness exist. We examined trends in rates of genital warts diagnoses and HPV vaccination rates (defined as receipt of 1 or more vaccine doses) among low-income and minority adolescents between 2004 and 2013. Data were obtained from a database containing de-identified medical record information including all outpatient visits to an urban medical center and 6 affiliated community health centers. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes were used to determine genital warts diagnoses. We estimated annual rates of genital warts for each period for females and males using an interrupted time-series Poisson regression model. As HPV vaccination rates in low-income, minority adolescents rose from 0% to 59% (females) and 0 to 41% (males) between 2004 and 2013, genital warts rates decreased from 3.5% (females) and 3.6% (males) to 1.5% (females) and 2.9% (males). Rates of genital warts decreased significantly for both females and males from the prevaccination to the postvaccination periods (P < 0.05 for both comparisons). Genital warts rates for males began to decrease after the introduction of female vaccination and continued to decrease after male vaccination was introduced. Introduction of HPV vaccination correlated with lower rates of genital warts among a cohort of low-income and minority adolescents. Rates of genital warts began to decrease in females and males following the introduction of female vaccination and continued to fall after the introduction of male vaccination, indicating that male vaccination may confer additional benefit to both males and females over herd immunity alone, especially when vaccination rates are suboptimal.

Incidence of Genital Warts in Adolescents and Young Adults in an Integrated Health Care Delivery System in the United States Before Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Recommendations

Information on genital wart incidence in adolescents and young adults before human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is important for understanding the impact of the vaccine on the epidemiology of this early outcome of HPV infection. The study population included 11- to 29-year-old enrollees of Northern California Kaiser Permanente between July 1, 2000, and July 1, 2005, before the availability of the HPV vaccine. We identified genital warts with an algorithm combining genital wart-specific International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes (078.10, 078.11, and 078.19) with physician-recorded anatomic locations. We calculated sex- and age-specific incidence rates of genital warts and described the specific anatomic location of presentation, as well as recurrences of genital warts. We identified 1,682 cases of genital warts among 181,264 individuals. The incidence rate was highest among women (6.3/1000 person-years) and men (2.9/1000 person-years) aged 20 to 24 years old. Among women (n = 96,792), 63.4% of the 1240 incident genital wart cases occurred on the vulva and 21.1% on the cervix. Among men (n = 84,472), 91.6% of the 442 incident genital wart cases did not have a specific anatomic location recorded. Most people with an incident genital wart diagnosis (87.2%) did not have a recurrence during the observation period. Our study found that the incidence of genital warts was highest among persons aged 20 to 24 years using a unique method to identify the location of the wart. Information on incidence of genital warts before vaccine use provides baseline data that can be used to measure HPV vaccine impact.

Real World Effectiveness of Population-Based Roll Out of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Against Rates of Genital Warts

Nordic countries or elsewhere where similar registry linkage studies may be possible—such an analysis would indeed be relevant and informative in considering the total number of administered doses. HPV vaccination coverage rates in Sweden from 2006 to 2010 (approximately 4 years after introduction) were approximately 30% for both the youngest cohorts of girls and women aged 13 to 17 and 18 to 19 years, with relatively high completion rates of the three-dose series among those who initiated vaccination (approximately 80%). Sweden has an HPV vaccination registration system (SVEVAC) overseen by the Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, as well as a national registry for drug prescriptions at the National Board of Health and Welfare. Because HPV vaccines must be prescribed by a health-care professional to be subsidized before implementation of a school-based program, Leval and colleagues likely captured close to 100% of the administered HPV vaccinations (at least in the group aged 13–17 years) through registry linkages when combining these two databases. Given these estimates of HPV vaccination initiation and that coverage rates were higher among residents whose parent(s) had higher education status, further efforts are needed to ensure broader HPV vaccination coverage of the entire Swedish female population, particularly for young girls at the highest future risk of cervical cancer—daughters of parents of relatively low educational

P1-S5.46 Assessing the relationship between sexually transmitted infection rates, ethnic group and socio-economic deprivation in England

BackgroundDisparities in the distribution of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), especially gonorrhoea, across ethnic groups in England are well recognised. Socio-economic deprivation (SED) is also a known determinant of poor health...

Epidemiology of STIs: UK

The epidemiology of STIs in the UK has undergone marked changes over the last century. After two major peaks in syphilis and gonorrhoea coinciding with the two World Wars, the incidence of these STIs decreased dramatically after World War II, with the advent of penicillin. The 1960s and 1970s saw a resurgence of gonorrhoea and syphilis, and the male:female ratio of reported syphilis cases increased, suggesting that transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM) was increasing. STI incidence again declined in the 1980s with the advent of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, suggesting that widespread changes in sexual risk behaviour patterns were occurring. These decreases were not sustained, however, and during the mid-to-late 1990s both viral and bacterial acute STIs increased substantially. This trend has been most marked in young people and MSM. Numbers of reported gonococcal infections more than doubled to between 1995 and 2003, to 24,157 cases in England, Wales and Northern Ireland; syphilis increased more than tenfold to 1580 cases as a consequence of localised outbreaks, particularly in MSM. Data from 2003 compared with 2002 indicate stabilization or slowing of some STIs, including gonorrhoea and genital herpes, numbers of which decreased by 4% and 3% respectively. Rates of genital warts, chlamydial infection and syphilis continued to increase. Delivery of appropriate, effective STI preventive interventions targeted to those at highest risk, including young people and MSM, continues to be a public health priority.

Epidemiology of STIs: UK

<h2>Abstract</h2> The epidemiology of STIs in the UK has undergone marked changes over the last century. After two major peaks in syphilis and gonorrhoea coinciding with the two World Wars, the incidence of these STIs decreased dramatically after World War II, with the advent of penicillin. The 1960s and 1970s saw a resurgence of gonorrhoea and syphilis, and the male:female ratio of reported syphilis cases increased, suggesting that transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM) was increasing. STI incidence again declined in the 1980s with the advent of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, suggesting that widespread changes in sexual risk behaviour patterns were occurring. These decreases were not sustained, however, and during the mid-to-late 1990s both viral and bacterial acute STIs increased substantially. This trend has been most marked in young people and MSM. Numbers of reported gonococcal infections more than doubled to between 1995 and 2003, to 24,157 cases in England, Wales and Northern Ireland; syphilis increased more than tenfold to 1580 cases as a consequence of localised outbreaks, particularly in MSM. Data from 2003 compared with 2002 indicate stabilization or slowing of some STIs, including gonorrhoea and genital herpes, numbers of which decreased by 4% and 3% respectively. Rates of genital warts, chlamydial infection and syphilis continued to increase. Delivery of appropriate, effective STI preventive interventions targeted to those at highest risk, including young people and MSM, continues to be a public health priority.

Rate and Predictors of New Genital Warts Claims and Genital Warts-Related Healthcare Utilization Among Privately Insured Patients in the United States

Little non-clinic-based data are available on incident genital warts rates and related healthcare use. : The goal of this study was to describe the incidence and predictors of genital warts and associated healthcare utilization patterns among a group of privately insured patients in the United States. Health claims were evaluated prospectively from 5,914,107 privately insured individuals. The rate of new genital warts claims per 100,000 person-years at risk, age-standardized to the 2001 U.S. privately insured population, increased from 117.8 in 1998 to 205.0 in 2001. The highest rates were among 20- to 29-year-olds. The majority of claims came from dermatology and obstetrics/gynecology. The incidence of genital warts, as measured by the rate of new claims, appears to be rising. Age associations with the rate of new genital warts claims differed by gender; these associations may be influenced by changes in health-seeking behavior, potentially driven by health awareness.

Epidemiology of genital warts in England and Wales: 1971 to 1994.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology of genital warts in England and Wales over the period 1971 to 1994. METHOD: Retrospective study of available statistics. RESULTS: The rate of attendance for...