Rates Of Unwanted Pregnancies Research Articles

Impacto De COVID-19 En La Salud Sexual Y Reproductiva

Peru is going through a pandemic originated by coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and we continue to maintain mandatory social isolation as a preventive measure to reduce infections.Due to this event, many health establishments had to suspend care, also affecting Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) services, especially external consultation services. Due to this event, many health establishments had to suspend their attention , also affecting Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) services, especially external consultation services. Limited access to those services would increase the rate of unwanted pregnancies, abortions, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), complications during pregnancy, intimate partner violence, and maternal and infant mortality

Prevalence and Determinants of Unintended Pregnancy in Sub -Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.

Over forty percent of pregnancies worldwide are unintended, with a quarter of these from Africa. There is a growing body of evidence regarding the adverse health, economic, societal, and developmental consequences of unintended pregnancies. The main aim of this systematic review is to report on the current prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancies in sub-Saharan Africa. A literature search (in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and Scopus) was performed up to 29 May 2019. The Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers' Manual guidelines to assess the quality of peer-reviewed quantitative articles were used to select articles that met our inclusion criteria. A total of 29 articles from 9 countries were included in the final review. The mean unintended pregnancy rate was 33.9%. The mean unwanted pregnancy rate was 11.2%, while the mean mistimed pregnancy rate was 22.1%. Mistimed pregnancies were more frequent across the 13 studies that classified unintended pregnancies into the unwanted and mistimed pregnancy sub-groups. Being an adolescent (19 years old or less), single, and having 5 children or more were consistent risk factors for unintended pregnancy. Awareness and use of modern contraception, level of education, socio-economic status, religion, and area of residence as independent variables were either protective or associated with an increased risk of reporting a pregnancy as being unintended. The unintended pregnancy rate in sub-Saharan Africa remains high, especially among singles, adolescents, and women with 5 or more children. There was no uniform tool used across studies to capture pregnancy intention. The studies did not capture pregnancy intention among women whose pregnancies ended up as stillbirths or abortions. More research is required to ascertain when it is best to capture pregnancy intention, and how exclusion or inclusion of pregnancies ending up as stillbirths or abortions impact reported unintended pregnancy rates.

Reproductive coercion, intimate partner violence, and pregnancy risk among adolescent women with a history of foster care involvement.

The current study is the first to explore the prevalence of reproductive coercion among adolescent women currently or previously involved in the U.S. foster care system. Reproductive coercion (RC), a form of intimate partner violence (IPV) involving exertion of power over a partner by controlling their reproductive health and decision making, is a significant public health concern. Existing research on RC has primarily been conducted in either healthcare settings or on college campuses. Foster youth are disproportionately impacted by both adolescent pregnancy and interpersonal violence. RC may contribute to this elevated risk. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 2015 and 2016 of adolescent women (n=136), ages 16-24 years old, seeking services from youth-serving agencies affiliated with a child welfare system in Pennsylvania, United States. Participants completed measures assessing RC, experiences of physical and sexual violence, sexual behaviors, and pregnancy. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between RC and study outcomes. The sample was predominantly African American (67.4%) and largely identified as something other than heterosexual (46.6%). Nearly one-third of the sample (30.1%) reported a history of RC, with the most common being male partners telling them not to use birth control. High rates of IPV (62.1%), lifetime pregnancy (43.4%), and unwanted pregnancy (30.9%) were also reported. RC was associated with significantly higher odds of IPV (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 4.22, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.60, 11.13), multi-perpetrator rape (AOR 3.56, 95% CI: 1.04, 12.24), pregnancy (AOR = 5.39, 95% CI: 2.14, 13.60), and unintended pregnancy (AOR 5.39, 95% CI: 2.04, 14.25). Young women reporting RC also had elevated odds for using alcohol or drugs before sex (AOR = 4.34, 95% CI: 1.72, 10.97) and having sex with a male partner 5 years or more older (AOR = 7.32, 95% CI: 2.84, 18.87). No significant differences emerged between RC and sociodemographic characteristics. These data suggest women involved in the U.S. foster care system, particularly women of color and/or LGBTQ+ identified who comprised the majority of participants in the current study, may be at an increased risk for experiencing RC and other forms of IPV associated with adolescent pregnancy. In addition to efforts to prevent IPV and sexual violence, assessment for RC, healthy relationships education, and access to sexual and reproductive health care may mitigate these risks and improve outcomes for these young women.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONTRACEPTIVE USE AND OCCUPATIONAL STATUS WITH UNWANTED PREGNACNY RISK AMONG COUPLES OF CHILDBEARING AGE

Unwanted pregnancy is a world problem. In 2008, there were 208 million pregnancies in the world, and 41% of them were unwanted pregnancy. Cross-national reproductive health studies have indicated that the unwanted pregnancy rates remain substantially high in many developing regions, including in Indonesia (Bearak et al. 2018). Unwanted pregnancies in Indonesia increased from 13.6% in 2012 to 16% in 2015. The high rates of unwanted pregnancies are often linked to the gaps in family planning services such as the effective use of contraceptive methods which is also influenced by family socioeconomic backgrounds such as their occupational status. Using the case study at health clinics of PKBI in East Java, this paper attempts to explore the association or relationship between the risk of unwanted pregnancy among couples of childbearing age (CCA) with their use of contraceptive methods and occupational status. A quantitative method of a case-control research design was applied by using a random sampling technique. The study was 50 women couples of childbearing age (15–45 years), who had unwanted and wanted pregnancies. Simple correlation analysis shows that the association are relatively significant between the occurrence of an unwanted pregnancy with the long-term contraceptive use (p-value = 0.008), and with the employed in occupational status (p-value = 0.027). However, there is no correlation between the unwanted pregnancy occurrence with the short-term contraceptives use (p-value = 0.118). The study concludes that the use of short-term contraceptive methods and the employed status can still affect the risk of unwanted pregnancies, while the effective use of long-term contraceptive method has a vital role in preventing unwanted pregnancies.

Unintended and Unwanted Pregnancies in Women with Major Psychiatric Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study

Objectives: A substantial number of women become pregnant unintentionally, and unintended but continued pregnancies can cause immense stress, particularly in cases where the pregnancy is unwanted. Failure to adopt may result in the first onset of psychiatric illness in vulnerable individuals or may exacerbate pre-existing mental illnesses. We investigate here unintended and unwanted pregnancy rates in psychiatric disease, epilepsy and healthy groups, and further assess whether unintended and unwanted pregnancies are associated with discontinuations of medical treatment and newborn complications. Methods: Enrolled for the study were 95 psychiatric patients, 41 epileptic patients and 60 healthy controls. The psychiatric group comprised schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. All of the participants completed a questionnaire inquiring the last pregnancy intention and related factors for each pregnancy that culminated in a live birth. Results: Unintended pregnancy rates were significantly higher in psychiatric patients (63.1%) than in epilepsy patients (20%) and healthy controls (18.7%). Unwanted pregnancy rates were also significantly higher in psychiatric patients (23.6%) than in epilepsy patients (6.7%) and healthy controls (4.7%). The number of unwanted pregnancies was statistically higher in those with longer disease duration. Conclusions: The unintended and unwanted pregnancies rates among women with psychiatric illnesses, especially those with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, were higher than those of patients with other chronic diseases (epilepsy) and healthy controls. Given the high rates and negative consequences of unintended and unwanted pregnancy, mental healthcare providers should provide information to the patients on family planning.

Emergency Caesarean Section in Adolescent Girls at the Referral Health Center in Commune I

Teenage pregnancy is common in Mali due to the high rate of unwanted pregnancies and early marriages. The general objective of this study was to study emergency cesarean delivery in adolescent girls at the referral health center (RHC) in commune I of the district of Bamako. It was a descriptive study with prospective data collection from January 1 to December 31, 2018. Any adolescent girls in whom an emergency caesarean section was performed were included. The data were entered and analyzed on SPSS 20.3. Results: we have collected 616 adolescent parturients, 202 caesareans were performed in emergency, with a frequency of 32.8%. The average age was 17 with the extremes of 13 and 19. Early marriage was found out in 95.5% of our patients, 40 adolescent girls were primiparous (20%), 4 of whom had an inter-reproductive interval of less than a year. The main indications for cesarean section were fetal distress in 71 cases (35%), fetal-pelvic disproportion, scar uterus in the border pelvis (11% each), breech presentation in 15 cases (7%). Anemia (10.4%) was the main complication, followed by vascular pedicle attack (5.94%), infection of the operating site (1.5%) and a bladder wound (0.99%). Fetal mortality was 1.4% and neonatal 3.8%. Conclusion: the association between adolescence and caesarean section in emergency constitutes risk factors which increase maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Fighting these factors improves the survival of the mother and the newborn.

A Descriptive Study of United States-Based Human Trafficking Specialty Clinics.

Human trafficking is a crime associated with serious adverse health and mental health outcomes. It has been estimated that more than 40 million people worldwide have been victimized, which has resulted in high rates of traumatic injuries, unwanted and high-risk pregnancies, mental illness, substance use disorders; and suicidality among trafficked persons. Little is known as to what models of health care delivery are best in engaging and sustaining the involvement of trafficked individuals with health care and trafficked individuals have reported discouragement and/or re-traumatization as a result of inadequate or fragmented care. To address the gap in knowledge regarding best practices for engaging and sustaining trafficked patients with health care, the authors of this study set out to identify and describe medical and mental health specialty clinics that work exclusively with trafficked adults, with the goal of assisting organizations and health care providers in program development and to improve clinical outcomes. A patient-centered, comprehensive, interdisciplinary, and trauma informed approach to clinical care is recommended for the treatment of trafficked patients. The authors strongly suggest that human trafficking specialty clinics prioritize psychiatric care and mental health services given the high rate of trauma and mental health issues among trafficked persons.

Estudio comparativo de opinión de adolescentes sobre Educación Sexual en instituciones públicas y privadas

In Mexico, adolescents receive sexual education from basic education, however, not all adolescents understand the knowledge they need to know to make decisions in relation to their sexual life, so the rate of unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) ) continues to rise. Given this scenario, Social Workers, like other professionals, must assume the commitment to implement sexual education actions for the prevention of pregnancy at an early age, sexual and reproductive health and the promotion of sexual rights, so that the interest of carrying out a comparative study on the opinion of adolescents from two public and two private educational institutions in the City of Poza Rica, Veracruz, about their sexual education. The study presents results obtained through the application of an instrument consisting of 29 questions focused on knowing the opinion of adolescents about their sexual education, contraceptive methods and teenage pregnancy. The objective of the research is to know the perspective of the students of two private and two public educational institutions on sexual education and teenage pregnancy, to establish proposals on a comprehensive Sexual Education.

Narratives of women presenting with abortion complications in Southwestern Nigeria: A qualitative study.

Unsafe abortion continues to impact negatively on women’s health in countries with restrictive abortion laws. It remains one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity. Paradoxically, modern contraceptive prevalence remains low and the unmet need for contraception continues to mirror unwanted pregnancy rates in many countries within sub-Saharan Africa. This qualitative study assessed women’s knowledge; their expectation and experiences of the methods employed for abortion; and their health care-seeking decisions following a complicated abortion. Women who presented with abortion complications were purposively sampled from seven health facilities in south-west Nigeria. In-depth interviews were conducted by social scientists with the aid of a semi-structured interview guide. Coding schemes were developed and content analysis was performed with WEFTQDA software. Thirty-one women were interviewed. Misoprostol was used by 16 women; 15 women used other methods. About one-fifth of respondents were aged ≤ 20 years; almost one-third were students. Common reasons for terminating a pregnancy were: “too young/still in school/training”; “has enough number of children”; “last baby too young” and “still breastfeeding”. Women had little knowledge about methods used. Friends, nurses or pharmacists were the commonest sources of information. Awareness about use of misoprostol for abortion among women was high. Women used misoprostol to initiate an abortion and were often disappointed if misoprostol did not complete the abortion process. Given its clandestine manner, women were financially exploited by the abortion providers and only presented to hospitals for post-abortion care as a last resort. Women’s narratives of their abortion experience highlight the difficulties and risks women encounter to safeguard and protect their sexual and reproductive health. To reduce unsafe abortion therefore, urgent and synergized efforts are required to promote prompt access to family planning and post-abortion care services.

Contributing factors to unsafe abortion practices among women of reproductive age at selected district hospitals in the Ashanti region of Ghana

BackgroundDespite the existence of an abortion law and a safe abortion policy in Ghana, the Ghana Statistical Service found that 15% of all women in the reproductive age group (15–49 years) have practiced unsafe abortions. The objective of this study was to explore factors that contribute to the high incidence of unsafe abortion practices in the Ashanti Region of Ghana.MethodsA qualitative descriptive study design was used to assess factors that contribute to unsafe abortion practices. Purposive sampling technique was employed in selecting participants. Data were collected through key informant interviews and focus group discussions. One hundred and eleven participants were involved in the study. Data analysis was carried out through qualitative content analysis.ResultsSeven thematic categories were elicited from data collected. The categories are: a) Lack of knowledge of safe abortion services; b) Socio-economic conditions as a perceived influence for unsafe abortion practices; c) Safe abortion as a perceived religious and cultural taboo in Ghana; d) Stigma of unplanned pregnancy; e) A desire to bear children only after marriage; f) Avoiding parental/guardian disappointment and resentment; g) A desire to pursue education.ConclusionsEvidence available in this study suggests that several factors are responsible for unsafe abortion practices in Ghana. Lack of knowledge on safe abortion services, poor socio-economic conditions, cultural and religious beliefs, a stigma of unplanned pregnancy, a desire to bear children only after marriage, attempts to avoid parental/guardian disappointment and resentment, and a desire to pursue education were cited by participants as situations that contributed to unsafe abortion practices. Measures such as Aunty Jane, Ms. Rose and Women Help Women programmes can be publicised to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality that occur as a result of unsafe abortions in Ghana. Improvement in family planning education in educational institutions needs to be considered in order to reduce the rate of unwanted pregnancies among young women in school.

Sexuality education in South African schools: deconstructing the dominant response to young people’s sexualities in contemporary schooling contexts

ABSTRACTSouth African schools are tasked with providing sexuality education through the Life Orientation curriculum as a means of challenging continued high rates of HIV, unwanted pregnancy and gender-based violence. While in theory schools are well positioned to provide appropriate knowledge for reproductive health and navigating sexual challenges within a gender justice framework, research on sexuality education in South African schools indicates that this is not the reality in practice. This paper draws on a growing body of qualitative studies, with both educators and learners in South African schools, to understand the issues undermining the goal of a critical and social justice pedagogy of sexuality in Life Orientation classrooms. We argue that sexuality education has been deployed to regulate and discipline young sexualities, reinforce and perpetuate gender binarisms and heteronormativity, re-establish global northern family values of the nuclear family within a pro-family discourse, and represent continued assumptions of adult authority in a civilising mission over young people. We suggest that the failure to make critical use of Life Orientation is linked to the dominance of ‘expert’-based didactic pedagogy, and argue the possibilities of sexuality education as a productive space for young people’s active participation and agency in making meaning of gender and sexualities.

Trends in use and attitudes towards contraception in Sweden: results of a nationwide survey

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the results of a 2013 nationwide survey of 1001 women representative of the Swedish female population with the results of a similar survey carried out in 2017, after new guidelines for contraceptive use were published in 2014. Methods: Women between 16 and 49 years of age took part in a telephone survey; questions covered demographics, contraceptive use, knowledge of and attitudes towards contraception, importance of monthly bleeding, and experience of unintended pregnancy. We compared the responses collected in 2013 with those collected in 2017. Results: Of all women in 2017, 717/1008 (71.1%) were currently using contraception; 291/1008 (28.9%) women were not. Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) was used by 311/1008 (30.9%) women, which was a significant increase from 2013 (243/1001, 24.3%; p = .001). The unmet need for contraception in Sweden in 2017 was estimated to be 15.2%. A total of 783 (77.7%) women had never experienced an unintended pregnancy. A significantly higher proportion of unintended pregnancies reported in 2017 were terminated compared with 2013. Conclusion: Sweden has a large unmet need for contraception. In 2017, LARC use had increased compared with 2013. A large proportion of women had experienced an unintended pregnancy. Increasing overall contraceptive use is important to reduce the rates of unintended and unwanted pregnancies.

Analisis Faktor Perilaku Seks Pranikah Remaja Berdasarkan Teori Transcultural Nursing di Kabupaten Sumba Timur

Introduction: Adolescent sex behavior is strongly influenced by several things related to the theory of transcultural nursing. The high teenage sex behavior has an impact on the high rate of unwanted pregnancies, maternal mortality and infant mortality and various other health problems. This study aims to analyze transcultural nursing factors related to premarital sexual behavior of adolescents in East Sumba Regency.Methods: The design of this study is descriptive analytical with a cross-sectional approach. The sample was selected by simple random sampling, namely students of class X and XI SMA N 1 Lewa and SMA N 1Nggaha Ori Angu. Data retrieval using questionnaire instruments as many as 6 instruments that have been tested for validity and reliability by researchers and the results of the study were analyzed using the chi square-Pearson test.Results: The high rate of premarital sexual behavior of adolescents in East Sumba Regency was related to social factors and kinship (p = 0.004), culture and lifestyle (p = 0.011), and economy (p = 0.004). Premarital sex behavior is not related to technological factors (p = 0.292), policy and regulations (p = 0.775) and education factors (p = 0.890).Conclusion: There was 3 variables related to premarital sex, namely social factors and kinship, culture and lifestyle and economy. This is due to the existence of local cultural customs and customs which allow arranged marriage in adolescents. Matchmaking is carried out by parents with the aim of completing the social strata (maramba) and mostly to improve the economic status of the family.

Emergency contraception and risk habits in a university population

Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the self-reported prevalence of use of emergency contraception (EC), identify factors associated with EC use, and measure the prevalence in university students of pregnancy and abortion among users and non-users of EC.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of university students using a self-administered questionnaire was carried out in 2016. The main dependent variable was EC use at any time. Independent variables included sociodemographic factors and factors related to harmful habits and sexual behaviour.Results: The study sample consisted of 1309 students (median age 20 years). Forty per cent of participants reported using EC; condom failure was given as the main reason. Variables associated with EC use in both men and women were illegal drug consumption and having had more than 10 sexual partners. In women, other factors associated with EC use were age at first coitus and non-centrist political views. The prevalence of pregnancy was 6.5% and the prevalence of voluntary abortion was 2.9%. This prevalence was similar for men and women and for EC users and non-users.Conclusion: EC use in university students was more likely in those who experienced contraceptive failure or used no contraception. There were differences between men and women. Those at higher risk of unplanned pregnancy were more likely to report EC use, which may explain why there was no difference in the rates of unwanted pregnancies between EC users and non-users.

Decision-making preceding induced abortion: a qualitative study of women\u2019s experiences in Kisumu, Kenya

BackgroundUnwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions are prevalent in regions where women and adolescent girls have unmet contraceptive needs. Globally, about 25 million unsafe abortions take place every year. In countries with restrictive abortion laws, safe abortion care is not always accessible. In Kenya, the high unwanted pregnancy rate resulting in unsafe abortions is a serious public health issue. Gaps exist in knowledge regarding women’s decision-making processes in relation to induced abortions in Kenya. Decision-making is a fundamental factor for consideration when planning and implementing contraceptive services. This study explored decision-making processes preceding induced abortion among women with unwanted pregnancy in Kisumu, Kenya.MethodsIndividual face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with nine women aged 19–32 years old. Women who had experienced induced abortion were recruited after receiving post-abortion care at the Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital (JOOTRH) or Kisumu East District Hospital (KDH) in Kisumu, Kenya. In total, 15 in-depth interviews using open-ended questions were conducted. All interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed and coded manually using inductive content analysis.ResultsRespondents described their own experiences regarding decision-making preceding induced abortion. This study shows that the main reasons for induced abortion were socio-economic stress and a lack of support from the male partner. In addition, deviance from family expectations and gender-based norms highly influenced the decision to have an abortion among the interviewed women. The principal decision maker was often the male partner who pressed for the termination of the pregnancy indirectly by declining his financial or social responsibilities or directly by demanding termination. In some cases, the male partner controlled decision-making by arranging an unsafe abortion without the woman’s consent. Strategic choices regarding whom to confide in were employed as protection against abortion stigma. This contributed to a culture of silence around abortion and unwanted pregnancy, a factor that made women more vulnerable to complications.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that financial, social and gender-based dependencies influence women’s agency and perceived options in decision-making regarding abortion.

The relationship of married women's marriage duration with their reproductive practices

Background: Low fertility rate is currently a serious health problem both in developed and developing countries. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the women's reproductive practices based on their marriage duration. Methods: This cross-sectional study was completed in urban and in rural healthcare centers in Babol, Iran. A sample of 880 married women aged 15-49 was recruited through the cluster sampling. Data on participants' reproductive practices were collected and analyzed through the one-way analysis of variance and the Chi-squared tests. Results: Women with different marriage durations significantly differed from each other respecting their age at the first pregnancy, the time interval between their marriage and their first pregnancy, the number of their children, the interval between their first and second pregnancies, their contraceptive use before the first pregnancy, a history of abortion, and a history of unwanted pregnancy ( P Conclusions: While the rate of fertility and the duration of reproductive life have decreased among women, the rates of unwanted pregnancy, induced abortion, and unreliable contraceptive method use are still high among them. Health-care providers, particularly midwives, are recommended to provide women with educations about the best contraceptive methods, the best marriage-pregnancy interval, and ideal spacing between pregnancies to reduce the rates of unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion.

La evidencia y el debate clínico del nuevo SLI-LNG 19,5 mg y su uso en la mujer nulípara a revisión

The high rate of unwanted pregnancies results in a high social and economic impact worldwide. One of the most important strategies to reduce this problem is to increase the use of long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods, due to their efficacy, cost-effectiveness and the independence that these methods provide to their users. LARC methods have been shown to be safe for most women, regardless of age and parity. Kyleena® is the new LARC option. A new levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) containing 19.5mg of levonorgestrel and provides a high contraceptive efficacy over 5years of use, with a cumulative 5-year Pearl Index of 0.29. Its small size allows a narrower insertion tube to be used and is more suitable for nulliparous women or those women with a narrower cervical canal. In addition to the contraceptive efficacy, Kyleena® may benefit users by providing a reduction in the duration and volume of menstrual bleeding. Many women and healthcare providers have shown certain resistance to intrauterine contraception due to the existence of misperceptions towards these methods. It is important to overcome these barriers, providing contrasted and truthful information about all existing methods, so that health professionals can provide complete contraceptive counselling for all women. This review approaches the clinically relevant aspects of the new LNG-IUS 19.5mg Kyleena® method and the benefits it can provide to women.

The relationship of married women's marriage duration with their reproductive practices

Background: Low fertility rate is currently a serious health problem both in developed and developing countries. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the women's reproductive practices based on their marriage duration. Methods: This cross-sectional study was completed in urban and in rural healthcare centers in Babol, Iran. A sample of 880 married women aged 15-49 was recruited through the cluster sampling. Data on participants' reproductive practices were collected and analyzed through the one-way analysis of variance and the Chi-squared tests. Results: Women with different marriage durations significantly differed from each other respecting their age at the first pregnancy, the time interval between their marriage and their first pregnancy, the number of their children, the interval between their first and second pregnancies, their contraceptive use before the first pregnancy, a history of abortion, and a history of unwanted pregnancy ( P Conclusions: While the rate of fertility and the duration of reproductive life have decreased among women, the rates of unwanted pregnancy, induced abortion, and unreliable contraceptive method use are still high among them. Health-care providers, particularly midwives, are recommended to provide women with educations about the best contraceptive methods, the best marriage-pregnancy interval, and ideal spacing between pregnancies to reduce the rates of unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion.

Unwanted Teenage Pregnancies: Sociological Model Based on Agents

This study used new methodologies embedded in agent-based modeling to generate specific characteristic phenomena and core dynamics in unwanted teenage pregnancies. A NetLogo software was used to simulate data exhibiting the pattern of unwanted teenage pregnancy. The simulation revealed four agents contributing to the number of unwanted pregnancies: number of multiple partners, commitment, birth control method/s used and frequency of sex education. Among the four agents, the number of sexual partners significantly influenced the rate of unwanted pregnancies. However, commitment was not observed to be a contributory factor for the number of unwanted teenage pregnancies; rather it was more sensitive to the interactions among different agents. The Multiple Linear Regression model was generated from the interactions of the four predictor-variables and it illustrated prediction of unwanted teenage pregnancies in a given community.

Multidisciplinary approach about contraception in a day hospital of mental health

BackgroundWomen with mental illness are a disadvantaged group both in terms of their gender and because of their mental disorders, and they experience serious problems related to reproductive health.The high rates of unplanned and unwanted pregnancies among women with schizophrenia underscore the importance of understanding their attitudes and practices related to family planning. Different studies reveal that even though many sexually active women with serious mental illnesses do not want to become pregnant, they do not use birth control.ObjectivesRelease last data about contraception methods among patients with severe mental illness after doing a bibliographical review. Also reflect present setup in Motril day hospital women patients and their relationship with sexuality and contraception. At the same time we intend to clarify and unify the proceedings on ethical problems respecting subject's autonomy, beneficence, qualification and minors’ protection.MethodsData were collected through face-to-face interviews and a questionnaire based on the literature and prepared by the researchers which was designed to determine the kinds of reproductive health issues the patients were experiencing.ResultsIt was found that female patients with psychiatric disorders had more negative attributes with regard to contraception approach and sexuality compared with a corresponding healthy population.ConclusionsWe reached an agreement about future contraception approaches in Motril day hospital users as part of the global treatment offered in our section.MotrilHospital gynaecology service has facilitated the proceedings for contraceptive subcutaneous implants insertion in those indicated women.Day hospital patients were instructed individually and through group work about healthy sexuality.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.