Stress Rate Research Articles

Design Methodology for a Low-Shear Rotating Swirler

The tubular dynamic hydrocyclone (TDH) holds great potential for the pre-deoiling of offshore oil platforms. However, the shear and turbulence in the flow field can cause the oil droplets, the dispersed phase in water, to break up when the swirling flow is produced by the swirler. A design method is proposed for the low-shear rotary swirler (LSRS) of TDH, the aim of which is to reduce the shear force and local turbulence during the fluid forming swirling flow. The blade setting angle of the LSRS is calculated based on the relative velocity vector between the fluid and the swirler. The distribution characteristics of the tangential velocity and turbulence in the TDH with LSRS are simulated by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The maximum stable droplet diameter is analyzed. The results show that the shear stress and turbulence energy dissipation rates are reduced by 74.6% and 68.5%, respectively, and that the stable droplet diameter is increased by more than 60%, compared to the conventional rotating swirler. In addition, a TDH prototype with LSRS was tested in an offshore oil field by continuous operation for more than 36 h. The average separation efficiency was 83%, and the average underflow oil concentration was 27 mg/L. The research also found that the drastic changes in the tangential velocity along the axial direction were critical to shear. Moreover, the results make up for the deficiency of the spatial variation of the tangential velocity in the dynamic cyclone separator.

Maternal Mental Health in the USA

Mothers face enormous mental health challenges that need to be addressed by counsellors. Women have higher rates of depression, anxiety, and stress due to environmental, cultural, and biological factors. Findings from a sample of 525 US mothers showed that younger mothers had higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression, while mothers with lower incomes showed higher levels of anxiety and depression. Results also indicated that fewer mothers have levels of stress, anxiety, and depression that fall into a normal range than a normal, non-clinical population and that substantially more mothers report extremely severe levels of stress, anxiety, and depression than normal, non-mother populations. Implications for counsellors include making services accessible to low-income mothers, attending to personal gender bias, and assessing clients for anxiety, depression, and stress.

Parental Stress in a Pediatric Ophthalmology Population.

To determine the rate of parental stress within a pediatric ophthalmology population, parents in an urban or suburban community pediatric ophthalmology clinic were administered the Parental Stress Index Short Form survey. Demographic information and parental depression or anxiety data were collected and analyzed using an independent sample t-test and chi-squared analysis. Stress measures were recorded as percentiles. One hundred and twenty-one surveys revealed the following mean percentiles: Total Stress, 45.9 ± 22.4; Parental Distress (PD), 49.7 ± 19.8; and Parent Child Dysfunctional Interaction (P-CDI), 45.1 ± 23.6. The PD percentiles of the non-married parents, those with positive parental depression or anxiety scores, and those with a high school diploma or less were 55.9 ± 18.5 versus 45.2 ± 19.6, p < 0.01; 55.2 ± 18.6 versus 46.7 ± 19.9, p < 0.05; and 56.8 ± 18.2 versus 47.0 ± 19.8, p < 0.01, respectively. The parents with a high school diploma or less in a suburban environment demonstrated higher PD/P-CDI scores versus those of an urban population. Those with median household incomes (MHI) below USD 60,000 in both the total and suburban populations showed higher PD scores. There is no significant difference in parental stress between the pediatric ophthalmology patients and the general population. The parents who are unmarried, depressed, have a high school degree or less, or an MHI below USD 60,000 experience significantly higher stress levels.

Development, application and comparison of coupling techniques for modeling the hydromechanical behavior of unsaturated soils

This paper presents formulations for modeling the hydromechanical behavior in unsaturated soils using different coupling techniques. For this purpose, hydraulic constitutive relationships based on classical empirical models and mechanical constitutive relationships based on generalized effective stress are adopted. The coupling terms are defined using fixed stress rates. They are included in finite-element formulations adapted for using four coupling techniques: the fully implicit, the sequential-iterative, the sequential-explicit, and the one-way. The algorithms proposed for each technique are implemented in a numerical framework that manages the solution process considering the same simulator, enabling fair comparisons among all methods. Numerical tests are carried out for each coupling technique's stability, accuracy, and performance. According to the results, the proposed techniques can be adopted to simulate properly the hydromechanical behavior of unsaturated soils, including soil expansion and collapse under wetting.

Creep Analysis of Rotating Thick Cylinders Subjected to External and Internal Pressure: Analytical and Numerical Approach

Creep analysis is crucial when dealing with thick rotating cylinders exposed to a steady load or stress at a higher temperature. These cylinders present a fundamental constituent in a variety of dynamic engineering applications, such as pressure vessels, hydraulic cylinders, gun barrels, boilers, fuel tanks, aerospace technologies, nuclear reactors, and military equipment. Thus, severe mechanical and thermal loads cause significant creep and reduce service life. Hence, the prediction of creep in such axisymmetric components, including pressure vessels, subjected to steady load at elevated temperatures is extremely important and quite a complex task. Thus, in this study, the creep behavior in a rotating thick-walled cylinder made of Al-SiCp composite subjected to constant load as well as internal and external pressures is investigated, both analytically and numerically, using FEM. A wide range of rotational speeds effect on the process is also included. The creep behavior is assumed to follow the Norton constitutive model, and for stress failure analysis, von Mises yield criteria are adopted. The effect of internal and external pressures, as well as the rotational speed on the stresses, strains, and strain rates in the cylinder, is studied and presented. Both finite element analysis (FEA) and Lame’s theory were used to determine the radial, tangential, and longitudinal displacements and corresponding stresses, as well as the equivalent Von Mises stresses and strain rate distributions in the cylinder revolving about its own axis. It is observed that with the increase of the internal pressure in the cylinder, the strain rate increases. Meanwhile, when subjecting the cylinder to both external and internal pressures, the strain rates tend to decrease. For instance, it was also found that stress and strain rates were higher for the 1000 rad/sec rotational speed of thick cylinder in comparison with lower rotational speeds of 300 and 500 rad/sec. Also, it is noticed that the variation in these values at the inner radius was more than those found at the outer radius. All results of the stresses, strains, and strain rate distributions obtained are found to be in full agreement with the published data. Furthermore, all plotted results of the stresses, strains, and strain rate distributions obtained through the analytical approach were found to be in exceptional compliance with those solutions obtained using finite element analysis (FEA).

RESEARCH ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE BUILDING STONES IN EAST BLACK SEE REGION

This study investigated the physical properties of Ünye stone (Ordu), Harşit granites (Giresun), and Trabzon gray stone (Trabzon) used as building materials in the Eastern Black Sea Region. Chemical components, thermal conductivity, compressive stress, water absorption, and abrasion percentages were determined. Ünye stone has small thermal conductivity coefficient values (0.67 W/mK), indicating that it can be used for thermal insulation and decorative purposes as briquettes, bricks, or wall cladding materials. Harşit granites have compressive stress and abrasion rate values of 113 MPa and 1.05%, respectively. Trabzon gray stone has compressive stress and abrasion rate values of 125 MPa and 1.13%, respectively. These results indicate that Harşit granite and Trabzon gray stone can be used as wall cladding materials and wear-resistant floor coverings. These three stones can be widely used because they are cheap and abundant.

A new constitutive model for salt rock under cyclic loadings based on state variables

Underground salt rock caverns are ideal for national strategic energy storage, compressed air energy storage, and CO2 storage. Operation periods of salt cavern storage can be affected by periodic injection of gases during production/charging and discharging activities, thus causing fatigue damage to surrounding rock. It is therefore necessary to establish a model that can accurately characterize the evolution process of fatigue damage in salt rock under cyclic loading. This is a necessary input into the design of salt cavern storage systems and for the evaluation of their operation and safety. Relying on the rheological properties and cracks of salt rock and their effects on the bearing capacity of materials, this paper establishes a fatigue damage constitutive model of salt rock, using the rheological characteristics of rock and the deformation–crack expansion relationship. First, the time-varying state variable is introduced through the classical Norton model to characterize the degree of hardening; this is in order to modify the relationship between the stress deformation rate and the correlation of the historical path of loading and unloading of salt rock. Then, based on the relationship between crack damage and effective stress development under deformation conditions, a fatigue damage constitutive model of salt rock is established. Finally, using cyclic loading and unloading data of salt rock under different stress ratios or confining pressures, we verify and compare the model parameters. The results show that: (1) The model can accurately predict the fatigue deformation characteristics of salt rock under different cyclic loading and unloading paths and can better characterize the interaction between deformation and stress path; (2) In this model, parameter a affects stage II while parameter b affects stage I of salt rock fatigue deformation. This can be understood as the factor representing the relationship between stress and deformation rate of salt rock; (3) Parameter d0 characterizing the initial nucleation area and parameter μd representing crack growth rate factor jointly affect/modify the stress–strain relationship in the critical failure stage or stage III of the model.

Pressure-driven structural transformation and lattice deformation in TiB reinforced titanium matrix composites: An in-situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction study

Understanding the mechanical responses of structural materials to extreme pressures has particular implication for not only their intrinsic solid properties, e.g., phase transformation, equation of state, lattice deformation, but also the mechanical engineering for extreme environments. In this work, the structural transformation of TiB reinforced Ti (Ti-TiBw) composite particles under hydrostatic, uniaxial and dynamic pressures has been comparatively investigated by diamond anvil cells combined with in-situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction. According to the variation of critical pressure of α → ω martensitic transformation, it is found that, under uniaxial pressure, the presence of nano-TiBw network could largely enhance structural resistance to deviatoric stress for the composites. A fit to the equation of state of Ti-TiBw composites under hydrostatic and uniaxial pressure yields the bulk modulus of ∼120 and ∼ 133 GPa, respectively, which increases 2.56% and 11.76% relative to pure Ti. Furthermore, the lattice deformation behaviors in Ti-TiBw composites and pure Ti during martensitic and its reversible transformation vary with pressure, deviatoric stress and compression rate. Due to the constraints by rigid TiBw network rather than “soft” grain boundary, the lattice deformation along the basal, prismatic, and pyramidal planes in Ti-TiBw system suggests an isotropic behavior, though the deviatoric strain of basal plane displays obvious dependence upon uniaxial pressure.

Study of the Influence of Damage Structures in Coal Seam Floors on the Damage of Small Hidden Faults

In order to study the catastrophe law of small hidden faults along the floors of deep quarries under the coupled conditions of high stress and strong seepage, this paper proposes a concept of damage structure that can replace the overall performance of a population of tiny fracture swarms within a non-homogeneous rock mass. Numerical simulation software is used to simulate and analyze the influence of damage structure on the evolution of surrounding rock, regarding its plastic zones, shear stress, and displacement, and the pore water pressure distribution in small hidden faults along coal seam floors. This study shows that under the influence of damage structure, the shear stress of the rock above the fault shows “N”-type change, the displacement of the surrounding area shows “S”-type change, and the shear stress of the rock below the fault and the pore water pressure above the fault show “M”-type change. The damage structure changes the performance of the coal seam floor’s water barrier by reducing the strength of the rock surrounding the fault, blocking the release rate of the shear stress of the surrounding rock, weakening the support pressure of the fault, reducing the degree of expansion of the surrounding rocks and shifting the direction of concentration of the pore water pressure. The results of this study can provide a reference for technology for water damage prevention and control of coal seam floors containing small hidden faults, under the influence of non-homogeneous rock bodies.

Laboratory study on the effect of stress cycling pattern and rate on seismicity evolution

Recent laboratory and field studies suggest that temporal variations in injection patterns (e.g., cyclic injection) might trigger less seismicity than constant monotonic injection. This study presents results from uniaxial compressive experiments performed on Red Felser sandstone samples providing new information on the effect of stress pattern and rate on seismicity evolution. Red Felser sandstone samples were subjected to three stress patterns: cyclic recursive, cyclic progressive (CP), and monotonic stress. Three different stress rates (displacement controlled) were also applied: low, medium, and high rates of 10−4 mm/s, 5 × 10−4 mm/s, and 5 × 10−3 mm/s, respectively. Acoustic emission (AE) waveforms were recorded throughout the experiments using 11 AE transducers placed around the sample. Microseismicity analysis shows that (i) Cyclic stress patterns and especially cyclic progressive ones are characterized by a high number of AE events and lower maximum AE amplitude, (ii) among the three different stress patterns, the largest b-value (slope of the log frequency-magnitude distribution) resulted from the cyclic progressive (CP) stress pattern, (iii) by reducing the stress rate, the maximum AE energy and final mechanical strength both decrease significantly. In addition, stress rate remarkably affects the detailed AE signature of the events classified by the distribution of events in the average frequency (AF)—rise angle (RA) space. High stress rates increase the number of events with low AF and high RA signatures. Considering all elements of the AE analysis, it can be concluded that applying cyclic stress patterns in combination with low-stress rates may potentially lead to a more favourable induced seismicity effect in subsurface-related injection operations.

A Mind-Body-Spirit Framework for Addressing Self-Care in Social Work Education

ABSTRACT Despite high rates of compassion stress within the field of social work and the growing acknowledgment that self-care is critically important to ethical social work practice and to the practitioner’s overall well-being, social work education has not yet adequately responded to the self-care and wellness needs of students and new professionals, nor has it fully prepared them for the stressful realities of social work practice. Self-care education is essential for student/practitioner success and necessitates innovative programmatic and curricular development. It also entails more discussion and explication of conceptual frameworks upon which self-care education will be designed and implemented. Given that self-care relates to individuals’ unique biopsychosocial needs, as well as their preferred methods of healing and cultural beliefs, this paper calls for a mind-body-spirit framework for self-care education. The need for such a framework is examined and a sample curriculum is presented and discussed.

DEM study on the loading rate effect of marble under different confining pressures

Abstract Based on the conventional triaxial compression test of marble, the microscopic parameters corresponding to the macroscopic mechanical properties of marble were obtained by PFC2D, and on this basis, discrete element method models were established to conduct numerical tests of triaxial compression of marble under different confining pressures and loading rates to study the effect of loading rates on the rock specimens. Under the same confining pressure, brittle damage occurs in marble when the loading rate is low, and the damage type transforms from brittle to ductile as the loading rate increases. The peak strength, cracking stress, damage stress, cohesion, and internal friction angle of marble appear to increase with the increase in the loading rate under the same confining pressure. The characteristic stresses and strength parameters are linearly related to the loading rate. The influence of the loading rate on the peak strength is the most significant. With the increase in the confining pressure, the fitting coefficient of the linear relationship between initiation stress and loading rate decreases from 18.9 to 15.4 for different confining pressures, indicating that the growth rate of initiation stress decreases with the increase in the confining pressure when the loading rate is increased, and the increase in confining pressure suppresses the growth rate of initiation stress with loading rate.

Erosion Investigation of Dimple Wall using Erosion-Coupled Dynamic Mesh.

The erosion of the dimple walls is investigated experimentally and numerically. A mathematical simulation framework was proposed to describe quantitatively the morphological evolution of the dimple wall quantitatively. As the wall shape continues to evolve, the wall shear stress, mesh deformation, and erosion rate would decrease and gradually tend to be constant. Two distinct regions have been identified along the dimple's windward wall surface: the wall's central area and the lateral area. In the central region, the wall profile flare occurs mainly in the early stage. In the lateral region, profile flare occurs mainly in the later stages of erosion. The microhardness of the wall surface shows a positive correlation with the erosion rate. The liquid-solid two-phase impinges on the wall at a smaller angle, and the wall material removal process is mainly based on the microcutting and slip mechanism. The results provide theoretical implications for the design of dimple-shaped, wide-channel welded plate heat exchangers.

A study of heat and mass transfer flow of a variable viscosity couple stress fluid between inclined plates

In this paper, the Poiseuille flow of non-isothermal couple stress fluid of Reynolds model between two heated parallel inclined plates has been studied. The strongly nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations have been investigated using the Asymptotic Homotopy Perturbation method (AHPM) and the Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method with DJ Polynomials (OHAM-DJ). Employing both these techniques, the approximate solutions for velocity profile, temperature distributions, shear stress, average velocity and volumetric flow rate have been achieved. The results obtained using both these methods are in the form of infinite series, hence the results can be obtained easily. Comparison of various results, obtained through these methods, is carried out. Here, it is worth to mention that the results gained by both these approaches are in excellent resemblance. The effect of different parameters on the flow problem has been studied numerically as well as presented graphically.

Is the Jaumann Stress Rate Applicable? — Discussions on Choosing Proper Rate Expressions of a Finite Deformation Constitutive Model

The rate form constitutive expression plays an important role in finite deformation theory and is widely used in the finite element method (FEM) software. However, the choice of objective stress and strain rates in constitutive expressions has caused many controversies. This paper aims to clarify these controversies by distinguishing the related concepts: constitutive behavior, constitutive model and constitutive expression, and discuss the influence of constitutive model choices and constitutive expression choices separately. As a certain constitutive model may correspond to many different rate form constitutive expressions, the conversion relationships among them are derived, which can help clarify many controversies. First, it is proven that three different stress–strain curves in the controversial simple shear example actually correspond to three constitutive models. For each constitutive model, the corresponding different rate form constitutive expressions yield consistent calculation results. We also demonstrate that the applicability of a constitutive model is completely independent of the choice of objective stress rates in the constitutive expressions. Second, we find that for FEM simulation, the element tangent stiffness matrix can serve as an indicator to evaluate the validity of different constitutive expressions and their corresponding FEM formulations. Moreover, even though non-work-conjugate stress-strain rates are adopted, such as the Jaumann stress rate/deformation rate, different rate form constitutive expressions can correctly reflect the constitutive model with the proper tangent modulus tensors. All these conclusions have been verified by examples. For convenience, we recommend using the constitutive expressions in terms of the second Piola–Kirchhoff stress versus Green’s strain tensor and Truesdell stress rate versus deformation rate for experimental measurements and FEM simulations. Of course, other objective stress rates are all applicable and have no effect on the calculation results as long as the correct conversion relationships are used.

A Study Investigating Factors Related to Self-Immolation and Its Association with Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Women of Reproductive Ages

Background: Self-immolation is one of the most common methods of suicide among Iranian women. This study was designed and conducted to investigate factors related to self-immolation and its association with depression, anxiety, and stress in women of reproductive age.&#x0D; Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was performed on self-immolated women admitted to the burn ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia during the years 2021-2020 the nineteen women of reproductive ages were included in the study through convenience and census. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and DASS-21.&#x0D; Results: The average age of the participants in this project was 29.57 ± 7.79 years. About half of the women lived in rural areas and lived in the house of their father-in-law and lived with him. And the wife's family stated. Most of them were married, housewives and Kurdish speakers had low incomes and economic status and undergraduate education, and most of them had set themselves on fire with oil. 89.5% of the participants had severe depression, 94.5% had severe anxiety, and 52.6% had severe stress.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study showed that the rate of depression, anxiety, and stress is high in women who have attempted suicide by self-immolation. It is suggested that special measures be taken to reform the culture of the northwestern region of the country to perhaps reduce the burden of the problems of women in this region.

The impact of fluid attraction and fluid identity on stress, anxiety, and depression

Introduction This study sought to determine whether gender, fluid identity, and fluid attraction groups differed significantly in stress, depression, and anxiety among LGBTQA + sexual minorities compared to non–sexual minorities. Methods Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), this study conducted two-way analyses of variance to determine whether male or female sexual minorities had significantly different levels of stress, depression, and anxiety when compared to non–sexual minorities. Individuals were also placed in one of eight groups based on sexual orientation, fluid identity, and fluid attraction to determine whether fluidity played a unique role in contributing to mental health. Results Results showed that both gender and fluidity accounted for 3.7% to 9.7% of the variance in stress (R 2 = 4.1%), depression (R 2 = 3.7%), and anxiety (R 2 = 9.7%). Non–sexual minorities who reported both fluid attraction and fluid identity also reported the highest rate of stress, anxiety, and depression, revealing that fluidity had a unique impact on mental health apart from sexual orientation. This consistent pattern did not occur among sexual minorities. Sexual minorities had varying degrees of stress, depression, and anxiety, depending on the combination of static or fluid attraction or identity. Conclusion Fluid attraction, fluid identity, and gender significantly impacted stress, depression, and anxiety regardless of sexual orientation.

Simulating body deformations with initial stresses using Hooke‐like isotropic hypoelasticity models based on corotational stress rates

AbstractWe use isotropic hypoelastic models based on corotational stress rates to simulate deformations of elastic bodies with initial stresses. Four material models based on different corotational stress rates are used: the Zaremba–Jaumann, Green–Naghdi, logarithmic, and Hill models. The main result of the study are new objective algorithms for integrating stresses that provide sufficiently accurate values of stresses for large time steps. In addition, a new approach to symmetrizing tangent stiffness matrices that has a clear mechanical interpretation was used in computations. All four material models were implemented in a homemade FE system for nonlinear analysis of deforming bodies. The developed algorithms were verified and validated by solving both uniform deformation problems that have exact solutions and applied problem of plate bending with non‐equilibrated initial stresses. The performance of the developed software was assessed by comparing numerical solutions obtained using this software with similar solutions obtained using the commercial MSC.Marc nonlinear FE system. Comparative analysis of the obtained solutions shows that our software is comparable in performance with one of the leading commercial software packages for solving problems of isotropic hypoelasticity with initial stresses.

Computational biomedical simulations of Cattaneo Christov heat flux model in diseased arteries with a combination of aneurysm and stenosis

In present article, computational biomedical simulations of Cattaneo Christov heat flux model in diseased arteries with a combination of aneurysm and stenosis is implemented in order to investigate its effects on the blood flow across the cylinder, the magnetic field is also applied. Stenosis causes a decrease in cross sectional area of the vascular lumen and is produced by the addition of fats and other hydrocarbons below the vascular endothelium of the arterial wall. For the heat transfer, Fourier law has parabolic nature which represents the temperature field moves fast with initial disturbance and spreads in whole substance. Cattaneo introduced additional parameter of relaxation time in the classical Fourier's law to get around this problem, creating the option of carrying heat by the motion of thermal waves with a slow pace. Using a mild stenotic assumption, we normalized the bi-directional, non-linear momentum and energy equations and reduce them to a unidirectional flow. Using the finite difference method, we discretized the associated partial differential equations. The resulting algebraic problem is solved numerically by using Matlab software. As a result, numerical solutions are obtained and these results are used to test the effects of different emerging parameters on flow pattern that are demonstrated in velocity, temperature, wall shear stress and flow rate profiles. The cross-sectional behavior of the blood flow patterns is also developed using streamlines for general readers.

Thermal and mechanical creep of clay in hypoplasticity

Clays and clay soils or shales have attracted a lot of interest in a variety of applications, including the development of geothermal resources [1], energy foundations [2], oil exploration [3], energy storage [4], and the storage of nuclear waste [5]. The continued operation of ground source heat pump installations can lead to considerable long-term settlements, which could negatively affect the adjacent or underlying foundations [1]. Therefore, thermal volume change has been widely experimentally investigated in clays [4, 7, 8, 9]. Especially in [4] the authors studied the thermal and mechanical consolidation of saturated marine clays through laboratory element tests, where excess pore pressures were generated by heating samples at constant water content and then allowed to dissipate. In constant stress creep experiments described in [4] it was documented that thermal creep strains typically increased linearly with log time at rates controlled by the prevailing temperature.&#x0D; On the other hand, the mechanical time dependency of the stress–strain behaviour of soft soils, especially highly plastic clay, is generally too significant to be ignored [10, 11]. The constitutive modelling of the time-dependent stress–strain behaviour of soils has been an active area of research for five decades and has attracted much attention from the international geotechnical community in recent years as denoted in [12]. In [13] a visco-hypoplastic (VHP) model for normally and overconsolidated clays has been proposed. Probably the most salient feature of hypoplasticity itself is that loading and unloading can be described with only one equation as with the strain and stress rate denoted as and , respectively. The elastic stiffness tensor is represented by ; is the degree of nonlinearity and is the flow rule (direction of hypoplastic strain). The last part of the equation expresses the time-dependent strain rate (i.e. viscous) with the material parameters as the viscosity index and being the compression index. denotes the overconsolidation ratio. As may be observed, the model is not restricted solely to time-dependent clay materials, because does not represent a singularity for the constitutive equation as in other hypoplastic models. The model has been extended in [14] to account for the small-strain stiffness and the mechanical behaviour under cyclic loading. It follows the critical state theory and incorporates a loading surface for the definition of , see Fig. 1A). Time-dependent one-dimensional behaviour of clays is in most cases explained by the isotache framework, which assumes a unique relation between effective stress, strain, and strain rate in compression, shown as loci of constant strain rate in space, see Fig. 1B). The creep deformation at constant effective stress (; Fig. 1C)) corresponds to a decrease in strain rate of the soil (path A to B in Fig. 1C)). Consolidation stress history, represented by swelling along the path AC, causes a marked reduction in compressive creep rates at low (CD), while expansive/dilative creep strains occur at higher (CEE).&#x0D; Due to the temperature dependency of the compressibility of clays the isotachs may be considered as temperature dependent as well. As shown in [6] the isotache loci at a given strain rate for normally consolidated states are functions of strain rate and temperature. Increases in temperature cause additional compressive thermal creep strains for NC and lightly OC states (BB and DD in Fig.1C)) and augment the swelling strains at higher (EE).&#x0D; In the framework of hypoplasticity, the non-isothermal behaviour has not gained much attention [15]. This work is devoted to the extension of the VHP model formulation to present a unified model for both thermal and viscous strains in clays. The model predictions are assessed through comparisons with existing laboratory experiments from [7] on two clays with measurements of both isothermal/mechanical creep and thermally induced creep strains, providing a thorough calibration scheme as well.