Resource Consumption Rates Research Articles

Resource Scheduling for Multitarget Imaging in a Distributed Netted Radar System Based on Maximum Scheduling Benefits.

As a new radar system with improved performance, distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar provides a new idea for the development of netted radar. Aiming at the limited resource allocation problem of netted radar, this paper extends the idea of distributed MIMO radar to netted radar and proposes a resource scheduling algorithm for multitarget imaging in distributed netted radar based on the maximum scheduling benefits. Under the condition of the cognition of the target characteristics, the algorithm comprehensively considers the angle and dwell time to complete the multiradar and multitarget matching. Then it uses the principle of compressed sensing to calculate the pulse resources required for sparse imaging of each target on the corresponding radar. In this paper, the scheduling benefit of a radar system is expressed by weighting the three factors of the scheduling success rate, the hit value rate and the pulse resource consumption rate. The resource scheduling model is established according to the maximum scheduling benefits and solved using a heuristic algorithm. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional algorithm, this method improves the scheduling benefits of the radar system.

How to advance regional circular bioeconomy systems? Identifying barriers, challenges, drivers, and opportunities

High rates of resource consumption and waste generation have put pressure on environmental systems and one of the solutions to this concerning behavior is a circular bioeconomy (CBE). However, for a CBE to succeed, new businesses and business models are needed, for which many drawbacks might be faced. Therefore, this article aimed (i) to identify the drivers, opportunities, challenges, and barriers for businesses in a CBE both from theoretical and practical perspectives, and (ii) to present the regional differences in those aspects for different continents. A mixed-method approach was adopted, comprising a systematic literature review and semi-structured interviews with 32 organizations from 18 countries in 4 continents (Africa, America, Australia, and Europe). Eight barriers and twenty challenges, as well as fifteen drivers and eight opportunities were identified. The main barrier and challenge pointed out by stakeholders were lack of financial resources/capital, and price competitiveness with traditional/linear product offers. The most prominent driver and opportunity were establishment of public policies/governmental support, and waste recovery. Regional aspects of CBEs (by continent) were also identified. Advancing CBEs requires setting strategies to overcome the lack of financial resources/capital, developing and/or making the adequate technology available locally, and enabling price competitiveness with traditional (linear and non-renewable-based) options. This study also unveils a series of managerial and business implications. There is the risk of rebound effects, such as waste becoming mainstream feedstock and bioproducts being introduced to the market on low-price strategies, thus triggering increased consumption. Premium pricing strategies need to be considered for bio-based products (compared with non-bio-based products). Moreover, technological development plays a role in driving innovation, and pioneers might lead the development of policies. For CBE systems to succeed there needs to be further technological development and greater connection among the actors in the value chain, converging in resilient circular business models for a CBE.

Dynamic Relationship Between Water Resources and New Urbanization Based on a Vector Autoregressive Model: A Case Study of Hebei Province, China

Overly rapid urban expansion in the past has significantly changed water resources, resulting in an imbalance between water resources and the sustainable development of new urbanization. To facilitate the sustainable development and utilization of water resources and promote the high-quality development of new urbanization, this study constructs evaluation index systems for water resources and new urbanization. The analytic hierarchy process, entropy method and projection pursuit method are used to determine the weight of each index, and Hebei Province is taken as an example for empirical analysis. The results indicate an upward trend for water resources in Hebei during the 2000–2019 period, while the water resources support capacity and water environmental pollution showed trends of gradual improvement but changed greatly, the water ecological carrying capacity gradually increased, and the negative impact of water disaster damage on the comprehensive situation of regional water resources gradually increased. Meanwhile, a qualitative breakthrough has been made in the development of new urbanization. Based on their evaluation results data, the long-term equilibrium relationship between water resources and new urbanization as well as the dynamics are empirically analyzed using a vector autoregressive model with a variable cointegration test, generalized impulse responses, and a decomposition prediction method using evaluation result data for the 2000–2019 period. There is indeed a supporting and inhibiting dynamic relationship between new urbanization and water resources as well as its components. At the early stage of urbanization, the endowment of water resources, the background value of the water environment, the ecological capacity of water and man-made water disasters were not fully considered, which led to the sharp contradiction between water resources and new urbanization. For a period, the decline in water resource support capacity and serious water environmental pollution have gradually become important factors limiting new urbanization in Hebei, and the constraining effects of the reduced water ecological carrying capacity and water disaster damage have gradually decreased. For future development, decision makers in Hebei should take measures such as adjusting the economic growth mode, improving resource utilization efficiency and technical level, and fully considering the positive role of new urbanization in promoting water resources and water environments. At the same time, Hebei Province should reduce the rate of water resource consumption by strengthening water conservation measures, optimizing the water utilization structure, and increasing investments in water pollution prevention and control to enhance the stability of water environments to realize the coordinated development of water resources and new urbanization.

Моделирование динамики хода роста древостоев на основе термодинамического подхода

The forest ecosystem is a common example of the functioning of open thermodynamic systems. The work analyzes the change in the entropy of an open thermodynamic system where the following processes can be realized: absorption of short-wave solar radiation – differentiation process; total biomass growth process associated with the consumption of resources for respiration and competition. As a result of these processes, the negative entropy flow enters the system, and the positive entropy is produced in the system. As the stand grows, its biomass reaches a maximum, which corresponds to the steady state in the ecosystem. It is shown that, in accordance with the Prigogine’s theorem, the specific entropy production in an open system takes on a minimum positive value. With a further increase in the age of the stand, the steady state of the open thermodynamic system evolves to an equilibrium state, at which a decrease in the plant biomass is observed, and the entropy tends to a maximum value in accordance with the 2nd law of thermodynamics (ecosystem decay). The analysis of the behavior of an open thermodynamic system forms the basis of a new ecological and physiological model of the stand growth dynamics. The model proposed uses the following parameters: the biomass of an individual tree and the number of trees per hectare. In order to model the biomass growth dynamics of an individual tree, the von Bertalanffy equation is used. It contains a dynamic equation describing growth of an individual due to resource uptake and limitation of growth due to resource consumption. The equation that characterizes the dynamics of stand size derives from the condition of reaching the maximum biomass of the stand during the stand’s growth. In general, the stand’s dynamics model has only three independent parameters. They are the onset time of the steady state, the resource consumption rate and the factor linking the area and biomass of the organism. The model verification is presented by calculating the biomass dynamics for full (normal) pine plantations of the first five quality classes (Ib, Ia, I, II, III). The model’s quality is assessed by the dimensionless Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient, the value of which is usually greater than 0.95. This corresponds to a description of the data that is close to ideal.

Constructing carbon sink-oriented waste management system towards reduction and maximum recovery via high-precision packaging waste inventory

Towards circular economy and carbon neutrality, the low-valued recyclable packaging in residual municipal solid waste (rMSW) should be transformed from incineration to recycling and non-recyclables should be reduced. This study confirmed that small amount of packaging plastic recycling in rMSW could contribute to great carbon sink. We firstly investigated high-resolution rMSW composition inventory including the used product types and polymers. Then the environmental performance of low-valued recyclables recycling and non-recyclables reduction was accurately assessed. Lastly, for contaminated plastic packaging, the trade-offs between cleaning resource consumption and recovery rate were quantified. Although recyclable plastic and Al-PE-Paper packaging only accounted for 7.7% and 2.0% in rMSW, compared with incineration, recycling low-valued recyclables and further restricting non-recyclables decreased greenhouse gas from +153.8 to -112.7 and -196.2 CO2-eq/t rMSW, respectively. This study revealed the significance of packaging waste recycling and indicated the path for recycling-oriented waste management in the further.

Thoughts and suggestions on ecological cultivation of Gastrodia elata

Due to the special biological characteristics, Gastrodia elata suffers from high resource consumption and low utilization rate in modern agricultural production, which significantly block the green and healthy development of this industry. Based on the theory and technology in ecological cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials, this study analyzed the challenges in ecological cultivation of G. elata, such as waste of fungus material, a few cultivation modes available, continuous cropping obstacles, frequent occurrence of diseases, and poor stability of ecological structure. According to the production practice, the following suggestions were proposed for ecological cultivation of G. elata: following the principle of environmental protection and no pollution, selecting suitable habitats to yield high-quality medicinal materials, committing to green control of diseases and pests, upgrading industrial structure to maximize the benefits, establishing a sound mechanism for protecting the genetic diversity of wild G. elata, carrying out simulative habitat cultivation to improve medicinal material quality, adopting science-based planning of fungus resources to relieve forestry pressure, enhancing the recycling and utilization of fungus materials, and applying diversified cultivation modes to improve the stability of ecological structure. The result is expected to provide a reference for the quality development of G. elata industry.

Life Cycle Assessment of Substitutive Building Materials for Landfill Capping Systems in Vietnam

The growing population and urbanization rates in developing countries causes huge pressure on the construction sector to aid the equivalent infrastructure growth. Natural resources are essential to attain the required infrastructure needs. The demand in the construction sector for materials causes significant environmental effects due to the higher consumption rate of finite natural resources. To address such an issue, the study focuses on the landfill capping application demand in Vietnam, based on its extensive landfill presence in its current state and their need to be closed in the years ahead. The study considers utilization of secondary raw materials arising from industrial or anthropogenic waste as an alternative material as a landfill mineral sealing layer, to replace the dependence on conventional clay and bentonite. The selected alternative materials were tested to satisfy the permeability conditions for the landfill sealing layer standards, where results indicated very low permeability values for the mixtures, meeting German quality requirements which require k ≤ 5 × 10−9 m/s for landfill class I (landfills without further environmental requirements) and k ≤ 5 × 10−10 m/s for class II (conventional landfill for non-hazardous waste) for sealing layers of landfills. Further, the various mixes of alternative mineral layers in a life cycle analysis for a functional unit of one hectare landfill mineral sealing layer resulted in lower environmental footprints than the conventional layer. The results of the mineral sealing layer showed that the higher bentonite composition of about 20% in the mix ratio and transport distance of 65 km for the ashes increased the overall environmental footprint of the mix. In this case, mix 6 and mix 7, having 20% bentonite, tended to possess higher impacts, despite the alternative ashes holding zero allocation, along with the 65 km transportation distance associated with ashes. The avoidance factor over the alternative mixes has an effective approximate 25–50% Global Warming Potential (GWP) impact reduction. There was a significant mineral resource scarcity impact reduction on the use of secondary raw materials.

Flight maneuver intelligent recognition based on deep variational autoencoder network

The selection and training of aircraft pilots has high standards, long training cycles, high resource consumption, high risk, and high elimination rate. It is the particularly urgent and important requirement for the current talent training strategy of national and military to increase efficiency and speed up all aspects of pilot training, reduce the training cycle and reduce the elimination rate. To this end, this paper uses deep variational auto-encoder network and adaptive dynamic time warping algorithms as support to explore the establishment of an integrated evaluation system for flight maneuver recognition and quality evaluation, solve the industry difficulty faced by current flight training data mining applications, and achieve accurate recognition and reliable quality evaluation of flight regimes under the background of high mobility. It will fully explore the benefits of existing airborne flight data for military trainee pilots, support the personalized and accurate training of flight talents, and reduce the rate of talent elimination.

Strategic supplier selection for renewable energy supply chain under green capabilities (fuzzy BWM-WASPAS-COPRAS approach)

The supplier selection problem (SSP) is a significant issue in renewable supply chain management (RSCM). Selecting a strategic green supplier can not only discover the sustainable development of supply chains but also optimize the consumption rate of resources and decrease the negative environmental effects, which adopts to the green development context. As a multiple criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) problem, choosing a strategic green supplier is important to renewable supply chains. However, how to choose a strategic green supplier for supply chains is a great effort. Hence, In the present work, evaluating a set of strategic suppliers is primarily based on green capabilities by using an integrated fuzzy Best Worst Method (FBWM) with the other two techniques, namely COPRAS (Complex Proportional Assessment of Alternatives) and WASPAS (Weighted Aggregated Sum-Product Assessment). Initially, nine strategic supplier selection criteria have been identified through literature review and a real-world case study of Iran's renewable energy supply chain is deliberated to exhibit the proposed framework's applicability. The applied methodology and its analysis will provide insight to decision-makers of strategic supplier selection. It may aid decision-makers and the procurement department in differentiating the significant strategic green supplier selection criteria and assess the strategic green supplier in the local and global market supply chain. Finally, the strengths and limitation of the framework are discussed by using comparative analysis with other methods.

Методика нормирования материальных ресурсов для автобусов

Abstract. The industry standards for the consumption of material resources currently in force in road transport are advisory in nature and are used by carriers in their current work for production planning. Industry standards, regulated, for example, by order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation No. 158 dated May 30, 2019, establish resource consumption on an average for all road carriers of the Russian Federation. Taking into account the individual operating conditions of the rolling stock and the organization of the transport process is possible only by a correction factor to the fuel consumption rate, the calculation method of which is not regulated. The result is low convergence of planned and actual traffic figures. An effective solution to this problem is the use of resource consumption rates calculated on the basis of statistical data on the consumption of material resources obtained using the means of objective control and data storage of ERP systems. This will make it possible to fully take into account the complex of significant factors that determine the volume of consumption of material resources, reduce the amount of inventory, increase the turnover of funds, and increase the accuracy of rationing and pricing processes for any trucking company. However, the substantiation of such resource consumption norms requires an assessment of the influence of significant factors, the establishment of a relationship between them and the development of a mathematical apparatus for normalization. Therefore, the purpose of this study, which is to increase the efficiency of passenger transportation by buses based on ensuring the reliability of material resource consumption rates, taking into account individual operating conditions, is aimed at solving an urgent scientific and practical problem. Theoretical studies are carried out on the basis of the analysis of scientific and regulatory and technical literature, the legal framework, systemic, statistical, factorial and technical and economic analysis, economic and mathematical modeling of the transport process, and expert evaluation. Experimental studies were carried out in the conditions of operating passenger transport enterprises using the methods of mathematical statistics, computer modeling, field observations. The main results of scientific novelty are: a set of qualitative characteristics and quantitative indicators of factors that determine the consumption of material resources in the operation of the bus fleet; mathematical models for calculating the consumption rates of fuels and lubricants, spare parts and car tires, as well as the corresponding standard operating costs; dependence of indicators of operating consumption of diesel fuel, resource mileage of automobile tires on the magnitude of significant factors established for domestically produced buses of various capacities. Further research is supposed to be carried out in the direction of the development of resource saving methods in the motor transport complex.

КОНЦЕПЦІЯ МІСЬКОГО МЕТАБОЛІЗМУ ЯК ПІДҐРУНТЯ ДЛЯ РОЗБУДОВИ ЦИРКУЛЯРНИХ МІСТ В УКРАЇНІ

The paper goal is to investigate the sustainability of Ukrainian cities from the perspective of urban metabolism model. Based on the study of the features and advantages of the concept of urban metabolism for the development of sustainable and circular cities, the authors applied and analyzed the integral indicators of resource consumption, waste production, economic functions of cities, and also analyzed the institutional capacities, plans and environmental policy measures of 14 regional centers of Ukraine. The scoring helps to determine the ratio of the urban metabolism indicators of the selected cities of Ukraine and to identify the main imbalances in the consumption and use of resources, as well as to identify the cities that require the activation of institutional support for sustainable development. The application of such method highlighted that the urban metabolism concept works and can be applied in conditions of insufficient data and statistical information, as it is now in Ukraine. In research result it is clear that Vinnytsia and Khmelnitskyi are the most sustainable among the selected cities from the perspective of circular economy. Rivne, Kharkiv and Dnipro are characterized by balanced flows, but have higher rates of resource consumption and waste production. Poltava, Odesa, Cherkasy and Sumy require significant environmental policy adjustments in relation to resource consumption and waste management. The capital of Ukraine, Kyiv occupies an average position among all cities, which is enhanced by significant economic and innovative development and high level of public environmental activity. The lowest level of anthropogenic pressure is observed in Chernivtsi.

Functional responses of an invasive mud crab across a salinity gradient

Environmental gradients may alter the ecological impacts of invasive alien species. In marine systems such as the Baltic Sea, current salinity is variable and seawater freshening is projected in future, potentially facilitating novel keystone predators. Here, we examine the influence of salinity variation in the western Baltic Sea (i.e. ambient 10, then 7 and 4 ppt) on the functional response (FR) of the Harris mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii towards benthic macroinvertebrate prey at different densities. Rhithropanopeus harrisii displayed a Type II FR across salinities towards larval chironomids, due to a consistently high resource consumption rate at low prey densities. Feeding rates were significantly reduced at 4 ppt (mean 6 chironomid prey killed day−1) compared to 10 ppt and 7 ppt (9 killed day−1). Search efficiencies tended to be greatest at 10 ppt, whereas handling times were shortest — and maximum feeding rate highest — at the intermediate 7 ppt. These results suggest a slight reduction in predatory impact by R. harrisii at lower salinities. Nevertheless, across most prey densities, FRs were not significantly different, indicating sustained interaction strength across a range of salinity regimes.

Research on Distance Teaching System of English Course Based on Wireless Network Technology

The development in technology is taking place with an accelerating pace across the globe. The increasing expansion and advancement in the field of information technology and the modern teaching system provide a technical support for the development of a distance teaching system to learn English courses. Multimedia teaching system of English course based on B/S framework (system 1) and English teaching system based on MVC architecture (system 2) were the two most prominent and widely used approaches for the distance teaching system of English learning courses. These systems comprehensively consider the current English teaching needs, develop the existing architectures, discuss the system architecture and functions, and establish the corresponding development environment. However, the mentioned systems have the problem of high proportion of memory resource consumption and high failure rate of the communicating nodes. In order to reduce the proportion of memory resource consumption and node failure rate of distance teaching system and effectively improve the teaching effect, this study designed a distance teaching system of English course based on wireless network technology. In order to analyze the functionality and stability of the wireless network technology in distance teaching of English course, the server-side and client-side modules of the system are designed. The server side is mainly used to maintain and control the overall functions of the system, while the client side is used to access/request the contents from the server. On this basis, the system software module is designed. The memory consumption results are accounted for under 30%, which is significantly lower than the earlier-mentioned systems, and the node failure rate of the system proposed in this paper does not increase significantly and remains below 4% all the time which indeed is a very low amount of failure rate. The experimental results show that the memory resource consumption ratio and node failure rate of the proposed system are very low, and the application feedback effect is significantly better than the other systems.

Application of Industry 4.0 tools to empower circular economy and achieving sustainability in supply chain operations

This study considers how effective South African manufacturing enterprises have used Industry 4.0 tools and applications to achieve sustainability in supply chain operations. Organization Information Processing Theory (OIPT) suggests Industry 4.0 tools should enhance operational capabilities. South African manufacturers were surveyed and 200 responses were received. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the conceptual model. We provide evidence that using Industry 4.0 tools to improve resource consumption rate and reduce waste and pollution is most likely to enhance sustainable supply chain operations. Both the control orientation and the flexible orientation of the production team enhance their ability to generate positive sustainable outcomes from Industry 4.0 use. The results may not be generalizable to other, less developed nations, which struggle with Industry 4.0 implementation but should generalize to other developing nations. This study has a clear implication that there are viable pathways to sustainable supply chain operations, driven by Industry 4.0 applications, through improving resource consumption and reducing waste and pollution.

BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN CONTEXT OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY

With the beginning of Anthropocene epoch, nature is facing a lot of environmental problems that drastically increased in the last century. On the current rate of resource consumption, soon nature will lose the ability for self-restoration. In order to avoid inevitable consequences of resources exploitation, new approaches should be developed in all areas of human life. Linear economy concepts that were utilized for a long time and were based on use and disposal of each separate resource depending on the purpose is not sufficient anymore. More holistic approach should be applied to overcome the challenges that we are facing now. Application of circular economy concepts for wastewater treatment facilities has a great potential to enhance sustainability of water management. This paper will focus on circular economy concepts applied for modern pilot installation that combines biological treatment and membrane separation and discusses the potential for the full-scale implementation. Since, pilot plant was operated without any chemicals addition it eases the use of the waste sludge that is received as a by-product for different purposes as agricultural application and biogas production.

Research on Computer Image Processing Technology in Navigation and Navigation

In view of the existing navigation systems used on ships, the Baidoo satellite signal access recognition rate is low, and the target recognition accuracy is poor. The paper proposes a computer image recognition method for the positioning target of the ship navigation system based on the Baidoo satellite. In view of the large resource consumption and low calculation rate of the traditional method in the calculation process of the Baidoo satellite signal, the compressed sensing image processing algorithm of single-layer wavelet transform is introduced to perform directional exclusive calculation on the Baidoo satellite signal. The research in the thesis found that the Baidoo satellite ship navigation system positioning target accurate recognition method based on the single-layer wavelet transform-based compressed sensing image processing algorithm can quickly, effectively and accurately lock and identify the set target in the Baidoo satellite navigation.

Total Site Material Recycling Network Design and Headers Targeting Framework with Minimal Cross-Plant Source Transfer

Proper resources recycle or reuse planning helps the industrial sites to reduce reliance on raw resources. There are a lot of previous researches that had applied the Pinch Analysis on the resources recycling problem. However, there is not much work completed on targeting the materials headers or mains from the sources of the plants. This work extends the Material Recovery Pinch Diagram to provide an insightful yet straightforward approach to targeting the material headers/mains with minimum fresh resource consumption (e.g. water, hydrogen or CO2) with single quality. The flowrates and the concentration of the exchanged streams in the material headers, as well as the minimum number of headers, can be targeted using a Pinch-based strategy, which can be applied at either process or Total Site scale. This study also proposes a novel algorithm to minimise the cross-plant material source transfer for the Total Site material network with header/mains design while ensuring the overall minimum fresh resource target is satisfied. A Source Transfer Diagram is proposed to identify optimal reuse opportunities of the purged sources from individual plants. A case study is used to demonstrate the proposed framework, comparing results obtained using direct integration and centralised headers. The benefits of this framework are two-fold. It provides the minimum resource consumption rates for the overall network, and it also enables the network and mains/header design through graphical visualisation, which is a non-linear problem. The graphical interface allows users to explore different source mixing options from individual plants while ensuring the number of headers, resource consumptions, and cross-plant source transfer are minimal.

A Modelling of Cyclic Thermal and Impact Loads on Excavator Bucket

Open brown coal mining is usually complicated with high temperatures of coal massif, caused by spontaneous combustion, which significantly accelerates wear rate and resource consumption of excavator bucket. During excavation of hot coals, subjected to spontaneous combustion, excavators work in extreme conditions, which lead to a great reduction of their service life. In order to prolong excavators’ service life, repair and maintenance techniques are employed in mines. However, making a proper schedule of those techniques in such dangerous mines is a difficult task. This is also aggravated by a lack of techniques of in-situ resource analysis. In this study, an attempt to assess resource consumption rate of a hydraulic excavator bucket, working at excavation of self-ignited coal, has been made. In order to calculate the resource of a bucket, a computer model of the bucket fatigue life assessment has been made, using finite element analysis. Proposed model allows calculating stresses, induced during one digging cycle, and assessing residual resource of the bucket, which is related to its resource. It has been determined that thermal loads significantly accelerate bucket resource consumption, especially the bottom part of the bucket and the tooth caps. According to the research, tooth caps will fail after 253 hours of digging, and bottom part after 102 days. It has been concluded that, in order to increase service life of excavators operating in mines subjected to spontaneous combustion, it is necessary to revise the existing maintenance and repair system.

Feasibility of solar air conditioning system for Afghanistan’s climate

Among the broad varieties of power supply in Afghanistan such as city power produced from water dams, fuel generators, and imported electricity from neighboring countries, solar energy production is growing at a noticeable pace. Its preference is because of cost and sustainability perimeters. Given the climate of the country air conditioning inside buildings is required throughout the year, which is an important requirement for the comfort of its residents. Because it requires a great amount of energy, therefore, most companies are working on different principles to provide new products of solar air conditioning systems. The solar air conditioning system provides heating and cooling by utilizing solar energy. Recently, climate change and air pollution proved to be a major challenge for humans, and the current rate of resource consumption will result in a total depletion of natural energy resources in the earth. In this paper, we are assessing the feasibility study of solar-powered air conditioner technology in Afghanistan. Considering the weather of the country, there exists enormous potential for solar energy production. Afghanistan receives 4 – 6.5 kWh/m2 /day solar insolation on average with 300 sunny days a year. In conclusion, the air conditioning complication which can be addressed by solar energy production is sustainable, cost-effective, and environment-friendly manner in Afghanistan.

Emergent Field-Driven Robot Swarm States.

We present an ecology-inspired form of active matter consisting of a robot swarm. Each robot moves over a planar dynamic resource environment represented by a large light-emitting diode array in search of maximum light intensity; the robots deplete (dim) locally by their presence the local light intensity and seek maximum light intensity. Their movement is directed along the steepest local light intensity gradient; we call this emergent symmetry breaking motion "field drive." We show there emerge dynamic and spatial transitions similar to gas, crystalline, liquid, glass, and jammed states as a function of robot density, resource consumption rates, and resource recovery rates. Paradoxically the nongas states emerge from smooth, flat resource landscapes, not rough ones, and each state can directly move to a glassy state if the resource recovery rate is slow enough, at any robot density.