Rate Of Products Research Articles

Association rules combined fuzzy decision quality control technology in intelligent manufacturing

In the context of the rapid development of intelligent manufacturing, effective quality control has become the key to improving manufacturing efficiency and product quality. Traditional quality control methods are often inadequate when faced with complex production data and changing manufacturing environments. Therefore, exploring new intelligent quality control technologies to cope with these challenges in intelligent manufacturing has become an important research direction. In view of this, the study proposed a quality control technology that combines association rules and fuzzy decision-making. Firstly, association rule mining methods are used to analyze production data and extract the relationships between key quality factors. Secondly, based on these association rules, fuzzy decision technology is used to adjust and optimize the production process, ultimately achieving quality control of products in the intelligent manufacturing production process. The data showed that when running on the training set and validation set, the research method reached a stable state at 18 and 46 iterations of the system, respectively, with a minimum cost loss function value. In both batch production lines, the detection efficiency under the operation of the research method remained at 2200 units per minute. During the process of repeating the system for 6 times, the research method consistently achieved maximum control accuracy and minimum time consumption. The satisfaction of the four experts with the operation of the research method in small batch production and large batch production was 9.32 and 9.2, respectively, significantly higher than other algorithms. The above results indicated that the proposed method can effectively improve the efficiency of product quality control, reduce production costs, and ultimately reduce the rate of defective products in the production process.

Efficient Bayesian inference for a defect rate based on completely censored data

This paper discusses the challenging issues that reliability practitioners face in conducting destructive tests that lead to completely censored lifetimes, especially in estimating the defect rate of products. Manufacturers need to measure the defect rate for quality control purposes, but obtaining enough defective devices for accurate estimation is not easy when the defect rate is relatively low. To address the issues, a Bayesian approach for estimating the defect rate is proposed in this paper. The proposed method is devised to make up for the heavy computational burdens of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. To quantify the uncertainty in the Bayesian estimation, a nonparametric bootstrap technique is employed to construct a credible interval for the defect rate. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated through a variety of Monte Carlo simulation studies. The efficiency of the proposed Bayesian estimation procedure is validated using a real-world dataset of return-springs in DC motor systems under an accelerated destructive degradation test.

Linkage vector autoregressive model

AbstractTo accommodate linkage effects of individuals, we develop a new linkage vector autoregressive (LAR) model for dynamic panel data. A main feature of the LAR model is incorporating dynamic network information in autoregressive time series modeling. The dynamic network can be given, or we can formulate the network links as a function of historical data, where unknown parameters of the function can be estimated from the data. We propose a simulation technique to check the stationarity condition of the LAR model and suggest a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method for estimation. Empirical results for the quarterly growth rates of gross domestic product (GDP) in 45 countries indicate that (i) the autoregressive (AR) coefficient for the aggregated growth rate is hard to distinguish from zero; (ii) a panel AR model with individual effects has a positive autocorrelation; and (iii) the alternative LAR models are preferred to the panel AR model. Depending on the specification of the linkage variables, the sign and size of the linkage effect can differ. The logistic linkage function has a flexible structure to accommodate the size of the linkage of individual GDP growth rates, and it strengthens the dynamics.

Identification of the Yield Rate by a Hybrid Fuzzy Control PID-Based Four-Stage Model: A Case Study of Optical Filter Industry

With the vigorous development of emerging technology and the advent of the Internet generation, high-speed Internet and fast transmission 5G wireless networks contribute to interpersonal communication. Now, the Internet has become popular and widely available, and human life is inseparable from various experiences on the Internet. Many base stations and data centers have been established to convert and switch from electrical transmission to optical transmission; thus, it is entering the new era of optical fiber networks and optical communication technologies. For optical communication, the manufacturing of components for the purpose of high-speed networks is a key process, and the requirement for the stability of its production conditions is very strict. In particular, product yields are always low due to the restriction of high-precision specifications associated with the limitations of too many factors. Given these reasons, this study proposes a hybrid fuzzy control-based model for industry data applications to organize advanced techniques of box-and-whisker plot method, association rule, and decision trees to find out the determinants that affect the yield rate of products and then use the fuzzy control Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) method to manage the determinants. Since it is unrealistic to test the real machine online operation at the manufacturing stage, the simulation software supersedes this for improved results, and a mathematical neural network is used to verify the given data to confirm whether its result is similar to that of the simulation. The study suggests that excessive temperature differentials between substrate and cavity can lead to low yields. It suggests using fuzzy control technology for temperature management, which could increase yield, reduce labor costs, and accelerate the transition to high-speed networks by mass-producing high-precision optical filters.

Influence of Environment by Spacing and Phosphorus Fertilizer Interaction on the Productivity of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) in the Major Nitisol Production Areas in Ethiopia

Though Faba bean is an important pulse crop grown in the highlands of Ethiopia, its productivity is far below its potential due to several constraints, such as optimum plant density and fertilizer rates meant for major faba bean growing areas. Hence, a field experiment was conducted to determine the appropriate seeding and fertilizer rates for faba bean production at Holeta, Jima, Kulumsa, and Sinana areas during the 2019 to 2021 main cropping seasons. Factorial combinations of phosphorus fertilizer (23, 46, and 69 kg P2O5/ha), intra-row spacing (7, 10, and 13 cm), and inter-row spacing (30, 40, and 50 cm) were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Due to the non-homogeneity of variances across locations, a separate combined ANOVA was done for Kulumsa and Jimma that were found homogeneous. Similarly, a separate combined ANOVA over years was done for Holeta. On the other hand, Sinana's two-year data lacked homogeneity across years and with either of the other testing sites. Hence, results of each year presented. Based on the ANOVA results, the lowest fertilizer rates of 23 kg P2O5/ha together with 10 cm intra-row spacing and 40 cm inter-row spacing, were found to be optimum for the study areas around Kulumsa and Jimma while, the highest fertilizer rate of 69 kg P2O5/ha together with 10 cm intra-row spacing and 40 cm inter-row spacing, were found to be economically optimal for faba bean production in West Shewa acidic nitisols. On the other hand, to get reliable results, the experiment should be repeated at least once in one growing season at Sinan testing sites.

Correlation Analysis Between Cereal Food Consumer Ratings and Nutritional Composition

Since contemporary information-retrieval systems rely heavily on the content of titles and abstracts to identify relevant articles in literature searches, great care should be taken in constructing both. With the popularization of food safety and health knowledge, consumers are increasingly concerned about the nutritional value of food. Research has shown that when consumers purchase food products, the nutritional composition table on the food packaging can affect their purchasing intention. Therefore, it is important to explore the impact of various factors in the ingredient table on consumer ratings and purchase intentions. The paper takes nutritional data of cereal products as a sample to investigate customer ratings of different products and conduct regression analysis and correlation research between ratings and nutritional components of cereal products. Based on the obtained regression equation, the paper predicts the rating of cereal products on the market. The paper finds that there is a correlation between consumer ratings and nutritional composition in the cereal product. Using regression equations to predict the test set, the prediction accuracy is good, which indicates that we can refer to the nutritional composition table of cereal products to roughly predict the consumer ratings of products in the market. Based on research, cereal manufacturers can attract consumers to purchase products by optimizing brand promotion strategies, enhancing brand image, and other means. Also, manufacturers can also choose high protein and low fat cereal raw materials to meet consumer demand and expand market consumption of cereal products.

Business cycle and herding behavior in stock returns: theory and evidence

This study explains the role of economic uncertainty as a bridge between business cycles and investors’ herding behavior. Starting with a conventional stochastic differential equation representing the evolution of stock returns, we provide a simple theoretical model and empirically demonstrate it. Specifically, the growth rate of gross domestic product and the power law exponent are used as proxies for business cycles and herding behavior, respectively. We find stronger herding behavior during recessions than during booms. We attribute this to economic uncertainty, which leads to strong behavioral bias in the stock market. These findings are consistent with the predictions of the quantum model.

Issues of improving financing of agricultural clusters

Agricultural clusters play a pivotal role in the economic development of Uzbekistan, acting as key contributors to the nation’s agricultural output. This research delves into the critical issue of enhancing the financial mechanisms that support these agricultural clusters. The period from 2018 to 2023 witnessed notable growth rates in agricultural production across various regions of Uzbekistan. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, the overall growth rate remained consistently positive, reaching 104.1% in the third quarter of 2023. The Republic of Karakalpakstan, Andijan, and Bukhara demonstrated robust growth, showcasing the effectiveness of agricultural clusters in these regions.

To analyse the trend and growth rate in area, production and productivity of major spices crops in northern hills zone of Chhattisgarh

To analyse the trend and growth rate in area, production and productivity of major spices crops in northern hills zone of Chhattisgarh

To analyse the trend, growth rate in area, production and productivity of major vegetable crops in Chhattisgarh plain zone

To analyse the trend, growth rate in area, production and productivity of major vegetable crops in Chhattisgarh plain zone

Emerging investigator series: in-depth chemical profiling of tire and artificial turf crumb rubber: aging, transformation products, and transport pathways.

Crumb rubber generated from end-of-life tires (ELTs) poses a threat to environmental and human health based on its widespread use. Of particular concern is the use of ELT crumb rubber as infill for artificial turf fields, as people are unknowingly exposed to complex mixtures of chemicals when playing on these fields. Additionally, there is concern regarding transport of rubber-related chemicals from artificial turf into the environment. However, existing knowledge does not fully elucidate the chemical profile, transformation products, and transport pathways of artificial turf crumb rubber across different ages. To address these knowledge gaps, we utilized a multi-faceted approach that consisted of targeted quantitation, chemical profiling, and suspect screening via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). We collected and processed 3 tire and 11 artificial turf crumb rubber samples via solvent extraction, leaching, and a bioaccessibility-based extraction. Nineteen rubber-derived chemicals were quantified using parallel reaction monitoring and isotope dilution techniques. In solvent extracts, the most abundant analytes were 1,3-diphenylguanidine (0.18-1200 μg g-1), N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD, 0.16-720 μg g-1), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (0.47-140 μg g-1), and benzothiazole (0.84-150 μg g-1). Chemical profiling assessed changes in sample diversity, abundance, polarity, and molecular mass. Suspect screening identified 81 compounds with different confidence levels (16 at level 1, 53 with level 2, 7 at level 3, and 5 at level 4). The formation rate of transformation products and clustering analysis results identified time-based trends in artificial turf field samples. We found that the first two years of aging may be critical for the potential environmental impact of artificial turf fields. Our analysis provides insight into the chemical complexity of artificial turf crumb rubber samples ranging from 0-14 years in age.

Characteristic research on the liquid product from co-hydrothermal liquefaction of oily scum and lignocellulosic biochar

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an effective way to treat solid wastes with high moisture content. The co-hydrothermal liquefaction (co-HTL) experiments of oily scum (OS) and poplar sawdust biochar (BC) at the different hydrothermal temperatures were performed in this work. The changes of the appearance and components of the liquid products were comprehensively studied. The results showed that the addition of BC into OS significantly reduced the moisture content of the residue hydrochars obtained after co-HTL. As the hydrothermal temperature increased, the liquid products obtained from co-HTL turned clearer and lighter in color, and the recovery rate of the liquid products significantly increased. The co-HTL of BC and OS could effectively improve the liquid quality and enhance the recovery rate of hydrochars. The carbon numbers of the liquid products obtained from co-HTL were concentrated in C5-C11, which were main compositions of gasoline. This work can provide basic data and theoretical reference for OS efficient treatment and engineering practice.

Liming application rates and plant population on the performance of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in humid rainforest

Confectionary groundnut production is limited by soil acidity in southern Nigeria. This study attempted an improvement of soil quality by limiting pH adjustment to tolerable levels. The influence of lime rates and plant spacing on the yield indicators of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Calabar, South Eastern Nigeria was evaluated to portend the best suitable rates for groundnut production. A 4 × 3 factorial in randomized complete block design, 4 lime rates (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 t/ha), 3 planting distances (30 × 30, 30 × 50, and 25 × 50 cm) with three replications were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Fisher’s least significant difference at 5% probability level. Plant spacing and lime application significantly increased growth as well as yield contributing factors of groundnut. The highest percentage of seedling emergence (95.22) and tallest plants were observed with a lime rate of 1.5 t/hailed at 30 × 30 and 25 × 50 cm were statistically similar (p > 0.05) but greater (p < 0.05) than yield from 30 × 5 cm spaced groundnut. Lime applied at 0.5 to 1.5 t/ha had a statistically similar yield, higher than control. The results recommend that liming at the rate of 1.0 t/ha is beneficial for groundnut cultivation in Calabar.

Does the Team Manager Raise the Profit-Sharing Rate in Team Production and Product Market Competition?

Does the Team Manager Raise the Profit-Sharing Rate in Team Production and Product Market Competition?

Design of toll-plaza: A case study of Bengaluru-Chennai highway

This study aims to calculate the number of bays needed in the design year 2037 for a toll plaza on the Bengaluru – Chennai Highway (National Highway No. 48). Data on the classified traffic volume count was gathered from the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) office and relates to the “Nemili toll plaza” on the Bengaluru – Chennai Highway (NH-48). Average daily traffic is calculated using the tollable traffic data that has been gathered as a base. A suitable seasonal correction factor was assumed in order to estimate the annual average daily traffic. Using growth elasticity values derived from the Annual Average Growth Rates (AAGR) of Population, Per-Capita Income, and Net State Domestic Product of the influencing states collected from credible sources and state influencing factors, traffic in the horizon year (2037) was estimated. The necessary number of Electronic Toll Collection (FASTag) bays at the Nemili toll plaza was determined in accordance with Indian Road Congress standards based on the traffic flow forecast for the upcoming year.

Integrated Management of Slow- release Nitrogen Fertilizer Types and Rates for Wheat Production under Middle Nile Delta Soil Conditions

Integrated Management of Slow- release Nitrogen Fertilizer Types and Rates for Wheat Production under Middle Nile Delta Soil Conditions

Does Petroleum Products Pricing Stimulate Economic Growth in Nigeria? An Empirical Investigation Applying ARDL Approach

The rising prices of petroleum products and energy in Nigeria, coupled with a surge in poverty and a decline in living standards, necessitate an investigation into how the pricing of petroleum products has impacted Nigeria’s economic growth from 1990 – 2022. To achieve the purpose of the study, data on growth rate of gross domestic product, premium motor spirit price, automotive gas oil price, household kerosene price, compressed natural gas price and crude oil price were sourced from the World Bank and Petroleum Product Pricing and Regulatory Agency (PPPRA) and analysed by employing the Auto regressive Distributed lag (ARDL) method. Our results and findings revealed that: Prices of Premium Motor Spirit, automotive gas oil, dual purpose kerosene and crude oil were all negatively and marginally related to economic growth in the long run. Only price of compressed natural gas was positively but marginally related to economic growth. This implies that petroleum products prices had retarding effect on economic growth in Nigeria in the long run. In the short run, premium motor spirit and automotive gas oil had mixed effect on economic growth while price of household kerosene and price of crude oil were positively related to economic growth but price of compressed natural gas were negatively related to economic growth. Petroleum products prices proxied by prices of Premium Motor Spirit, Automotive Gas Oil, Household Kerosene, Compressed Natural Gas and Crude oil had less impact on economic growth in the long but had serious implications on economic growth in the short run in Nigeria over the period of the study. Based on this conclusion, the study recommended Increase investment in compressed natural gas, proper utilization of crude oil revenue and strengthening existing policies in the oil and gas sector as possible measures towards improving economic growth in Nigeria.

УПРАВЛІННЯ СЕСТЕЙНОВИМ РОЗВИТКОМ У ВІЙСЬКОВІЙ ТА ПІСЛЯВОЄННІЙ ЕКОНОМІЦІ: СТРАТЕГІЧНІ РІШЕННЯ ДЛЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

The study identifies global and national challenges to sustainable development. In particular, global problems include climate change, infectious disease epidemics, population ageing, and human rights violations, which require cross-border cooperation between countries to be effectively addressed. The economic security of a country is determined by the state of the national economy, which makes it possible to maintain resilience to internal and external threats, ensure high competitiveness in the global economic environment and is characterised by the ability of the national economy to grow in a sustainable and balanced manner. The macroeconomic security of a country is characterised by indicators that reflect the stability and resilience of its economy, in particular, the growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, employment (unemployment), public debt, and foreign trade balance. One of the components of the country's economic security is production security, which ensures the most efficient use of the country's existing production capacities, their modernisation and expanded reproduction. The following areas are highlighted as important measures for managing business activity under martial law and post-war recovery: strategic planning, risk management, crisis management, financial stabilisation, communication and cooperation, innovation and adaptation. Violations of rules, laws and regulations in areas such as employment, product and service safety, and public health have a significant impact on economic security through increased economic costs in the form of financial sanctions for businesses; loss of consumer confidence; threats to public health through the provision of unsafe products or services of poor quality; reduced investment; loss of competitiveness; and other negative consequences.

Non-conventional bulk heterojunction nanoparticle photocatalysts for sacrificial hydrogen evolution from water.

Photocatalyst systems combining donor polymers with acceptor molecules have shown the highest evolution rates for sacrificial hydrogen production from water for organic systems to date. Here, new donor molecules have been designed and synthesised taking inspiration from the structure-performance relationships which have been established in the development of non-fullerene acceptors. While a conventional bulk heterojunction (BHJ) pairing consists of a donor polymer and acceptor small molecule, here we have successfully reversed this approach by using new p-type small molecules in combination with a n-type conjugated polymer to produce non-conventional BHJ (ncBHJ) nanoparticles. We have applied these ncBHJs as photocatalysts in the sacrificial hydrogen evolution from water, and the best performing heterojunction displayed high activity for sacrificial hydrogen production from water with a hydrogen evolution rate of 22 321 μmol h-1 g-1 which compares well with the state-of-the-art for conventional BHJ photocatalyst systems.

Simoctocog alfa (Nuwiq®) in children: early steps in life's journey for people with severe hemophilia A.

People with severe hemophilia A usually experience their first bleed early in life. In children with severe hemophilia A, primary prophylaxis is recommended to prevent recurrent and potentially life-threatening bleeds that significantly impact day-to-day life. Factor VIII (FVIII) prophylaxis is well-established in children and has been shown to reduce the development of hemophilic arthropathy. However, a major challenge of FVIII therapy is the development of neutralizing anti-FVIII antibodies (FVIII inhibitors). Simoctocog alfa (Nuwiq®) is a human cell line-derived recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) whose immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety have been studied in 167 children with severe hemophilia A across two prospective clinical trials and their long-term extensions. In 105 previously untreated children, the inhibitor rate of 16.2% for high-titer inhibitors (26.7% for all inhibitors) was lower than published rates for hamster cell line-derived rFVIII products. There was no inhibitor development in previously untreated children with non-null F8 mutations and in previously treated children. In a case series of 10 inhibitor patients, 8 (80%) underwent successful immune tolerance induction with simoctocog alfa with a median time to undetectable inhibitor of 3.5 months. In an analysis of 96 children who enrolled in the extension studies and received long-term simoctocog alfa prophylaxis for up to 5 years, median spontaneous, joint, and total annualized bleeding rates were 0.3, 0.4, and 1.8, respectively. No thromboembolisms were reported in any of the 167 children, and there were no treatment-related deaths. Optimal care of children should consider several factors, including minimization of inhibitor development risk, maintaining tolerance to FVIII, highly effective bleed prevention and treatment, safety, and impact on long-term outcomes such as bone and joint health. In this context we review the pediatric clinical data and ongoing studies with simoctocog alfa.