Rates Of Postpartum Depression Research Articles

India’s Silent Struggle: A Scoping Review on Postpartum Depression in the Land of a Billion Mothers

Background: Postpartum emotional issues, including postpartum blues, postpartum psychosis, and postpartum depression (PPD), affect many mothers worldwide. The prevalence of postpartum blues ranges from 300 to 750 per 1,000 mothers, while postpartum psychosis has a prevalence of 0.89–2.6 cases per 1,000 births. PPD affects 100–150 new mothers per 1,000 births, and its prevalence can go above 25% globally. Depression in mothers can have long-lasting impacts on children and the next generation, affecting their growth, development, and relationships. However, the condition of PPD is frequently misdiagnosed, and women who suffer from it do not receive treatment. There is a lack of solid systematic evidence that looks at the overall burden of PPD and the risk factors that are associated with it in India. The awareness of PPD is critical in managing the symptoms and seeking professional support, and studies are needed to evaluate and assess the situation in India. Methodology: This study is a systematic literature review with a scoping review approach aimed at providing existing evidence on the awareness and prevalence of PPD in India. The search strategy for the electronic bibliographic search included a list of related terms and factors of awareness and prevalence of PPD. The search encompassed six prominent databases. The assessment tools used in studies from 2012 to 2023 study the factors using the Postpartum Depression Literacy Scale (PoDLiS) and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, which measure the awareness and prevalence of PPD. Results: The study found a significantly low volume of studies conducted in India to determine the prevalence of PPD. The materials or studies accessible are hospital-based research with a minimal number of samples. The reported prevalence rate of postpartum depression (PPD) in India varies across different studies, ranging from 4% to 48.5%. Among mothers who gave birth either naturally or by cesarean section in a hospital setting, one study reported the lowest prevalence rate (4%). The prevalence of PPD among women in India is estimated to be 18% based on the average score across all research. A study that evaluated the moms in the community found that PPD was prevalent in new mothers at a rate of 21.5%. There are three studies, in particular, that focus on how aware people are of PPD. Two studies found that 54% of the family members of postpartum moms and women undergoing tertiary pediatric care are aware of PPD. Discussion: Many studies point to the lack of social support as a significant risk factor for mental health complications after delivery. History of depression, anxiety, adverse life events, partner abuse, low economic status, complications at childbirth, and a traumatic childbirth experience are some of the associated factors identified in the studies. Studies have also shown that women who undergo a cesarean section have a higher risk of developing PPD than those with a vaginal delivery.

Feasibility and acceptability of a community health worker administered behavioral activation intervention for postpartum depression: a single arm pilot study from India.

Women in India experience high rates of postpartum depression (PPD), with minimal availability of screening or treatment. India has an extensive network of community health workers, known as accredited social health activists (ASHAs). While they are knowledgeable about most maternal-child health problems, they have minimal knowledge about PPD. We trained ASHAs to deliver a simple home-based intervention, behavioral activation (BA), which involves individuals in activities that are sources of positive reinforcement to counter depression. The research questions guiding this study were as follows: 1) What are the feasibility and acceptability of ASHAs screening for and delivering a brief behavioral activation intervention addressing PPD among women in Belagavi, South India? 2) What impact did the brief behavioral activation intervention have on PPD? The mixed methods evaluation used interviews with participants and interventionists, and depression scores were assessed before and after the evaluation. After a 2-day training with 17 ASHAs that focused on understanding PPD, screening using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and implementing the BA protocol, ASHAs and researcher supervisors screened the mothers 6-12 weeks postpartum presenting at pediatric immunization clinics. Mothers who screened positive were invited to participate in an ASHA-led 5-week BA intervention, with ASHAs visiting the mothers' homes. We assessed post-intervention EPDS scores and conducted satisfaction assessments and individual interviews. All 26 women who screened positive on the EPDS agreed to be enrolled in the study. All participants had a significant reduction (p < 0.001) in PPD scores. Both ASHAs and mothers had high enthusiasm for the intervention methods and activities. This ASHA-delivered BA intervention was found to be feasible, acceptable, and effective in treating PPD in rural Indian mothers. This corroborates literature that demonstrates the efficacy of a BA intervention among individuals with generalized depression in South Asia. In communities with minimal mental health resources, interventions led by trained community workers have the potential to address PPD.

Psychological Outcomes Associated with Severe Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorder with Cesarean Hysterectomy: A Retrospective Survey Study

This retrospective survey study assesses rates of postpartum depression (PPD) and postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with prior hysterectomy for severe placenta accreta spectrum. 50% of patients met the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale threshold for PPD, and 35% met the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5 (PCL-5) threshold for PTSD. Patients who underwent a delayed hysterectomy were more likely to report symptoms of PTSD (75% vs. 8%, p&lt;0.01) and had higher median PCL-5 scores than an immediate hysterectomy (51 [IQR 16,61]) vs. 11 [IQR 2,21], p=0.01). Larger, prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine standardized interventions for patients at high risk of psychological sequelae.

The Effect of Spousal Support on Postpartum Depression and Quality of Life

Objective: The study was conducted to determine the effect of spousal support on postpartum depression and quality of life.&#x0D; Methods: The descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 201 mothers between the 4th and 12th week postpartum in a Lokman Hekim Hospital of Ankara. The data were collected with the Personal Information Form, the Spouse Support Scale, the Edinburg Postpartum Depression Scale, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Short Form. The data were evaluated using the SPSS 22.0 program, parametric methods, correlation and regression analyses and descriptive statistics. &#x0D; Results: The mean scores of the participants were 66.23±18.19 on the Spouse Support Scale, 6.14±7.90 on the Edinburg Postpartum Depression Scale and 15.09±3.72 on the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale. The postpartum depression rate was 25.4%. There was a negative and high correlation between the Spouse Support Scale and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (r=-.84, p

Sleep and Mood Among Women With Histories of Depression When They Used a Responsive Infant Bassinet During the COVID-19 Pandemic

ObjectiveTo describe the experiences of women with histories of depression who used a responsive infant bassinet during the first 6 months after birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. DesignSecondary qualitative descriptive study with analytic expansion. SettingUnited States. ParticipantsWomen (N = 139) who gave birth up to 6 months previously and had histories of depression. MethodsWe used Kyngäs’s method of inductive content analysis to analyze 109 open-ended responses that were collected between August 2020 to November 2021 as part of a previously conducted longitudinal study of women who used a responsive bassinet. ResultsMost participants indicated that the responsive bassinet improved their infants’ sleep, which, in turn, subjectively improved their sleep and mood. External stressors and challenges presented barriers to good sleep for the participants and their infants, and participants described how these challenges contributed to their symptoms related to mood. When participants reported that they used the responsive bassinet, they shared that their infants were swaddled in the supine sleep position. Participants who did not use the bassinet commonly reported unsafe sleep practices. We identified seven themes from the data: Improved Maternal Sleep Quality, Barriers to Good Maternal Sleep, Mood and Sleep Go Hand and Hand, External Stressors Impair Mood, Improved Infant Sleep Quality, Barriers to Good Infant Sleep, and Safe Sleep Positioning. ConclusionThese findings can be used to inform clinicians on how a responsive bassinet may offer women at high risk for postpartum depression improved sleep and instrumental support. Future researchers should use validated measures to objectively evaluate rates of postpartum depression and sleep quality in high-risk women when using a responsive bassinet.

Home Visits for Postpartum Depression Intervention among Low-Income Latinas: Results from the PST4PPD Project

ABSTRACT Research shows that U.S. Latinas are at risk for high rates of postpartum depression (PPD) but have low rates of treatment compared to non-Hispanic White mothers. This study examined the feasibility of a multi-site home-visiting intervention (PST4PPD) conducted by bilingual community health workers (CHW) among low-income Latina mothers. A one-group, pre/posttest design and paired sample’s t-test were used to measure changes in depressive symptoms and self-efficacy for participants (n = 76) across five sites. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to assess depression; the New General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Maternal Efficacy Questionnaire measured general self-efficacy and parenting self-efficacy. Depression scores decreased significantly from pretest to posttest. Participants’ general self-efficacy, maternal self-efficacy, and PPD knowledge increased. With a 76% completion rate, demonstrable improvements were seen in participants’ depression and self-efficacy. Implications for addressing modifiable factors such as self-efficacy and stress management are discussed.

Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression among women attending primary healthcare centers in northern of West Bank/ Palestine: a cross-sectional study, 2022

BackgroundPostpartum depression (PPD) has a huge negative impact on the health of the mother and the family, both physically and mentally. Few postpartum depression studies have been done in Palestine. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and the most probable risk factor of PDD among Palestinian women in the northern West Bank.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study of 380 mothers, ages 18 and 44 years, visiting vaccination clinics with their infants after 7-12 weeks of delivery between 1 May 2022 and 30 June 2022. Postpartum women seeking care at the seven largest primary health care centers of the Ministry of Health in four cities in the Northern West Bank in Palestine were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire that included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and demographic and birth details. A score of 13 or higher was used to indicate PPD risk. Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20. The level of significance was set at 5%.ResultsThe median age of the participants was 27 years with a range of 26 years. A total of 129 women had an EPDS score of 13 or more, giving a prevalence rate of post-partum depression of 33.9%. The predictors of postpartum depression were stressful life events during pregnancy (p-value 0.003, OR: 2.1, 95% CI [1.27-3.4]), vacuum use during delivery p-values 0.002, OR: 4, 95% CI: [1.64-9.91]), low social support (p-value less than 0.001, OR: 2.5, 95%CI: [1.7-4.2]) and husband’s low level of education (p-value less than 0.001, OR: 5.2, 95%CI: [2.7-10]).ConclusionThe study showed a high prevalence of PPD among Palestinian mothers in the northern West Bank. Our study found that PPD risk factors include lack of social support, the husband’s low education, and stressful events during pregnancy. This will emphasize the importance of PPD screening and early intervention, especially among vulnerable women.

High psychological stress levels related to delivery can increase the occurrence of postpartum mental disorders.

The study sought to explore the relationship between high psychological stress levels related to delivery and postpartum mental disorders. A total of 284 parturients were included in the study from July 2021 to January 2022. The stress level at 1 month postpartum was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Parturients with an IES-R score ≤ 9 were included in the low psychological stress level group, and those with an IES-R score > 9 were included in the high psychological stress level group. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Union Physio-Psycho-Social Assessment Questionnaire (UPPSAQ-70), Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) were conducted at 42 ± 7 days postpartum to assess the mental health of parturients.The parturients' mental health after birth was assessed by the EPDS, UPPSAQ-70, and SCL-90. Semi-structured diagnostic interviews were conducted at 42 ± 7 days postpartum by using the M.I.N.I. The incidence rate of postpartum mental disorders was 20.42% (58/284), the incidence rates of postpartum depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder were 17.96% (51/284), 11.97% (34/284), 4.58% (13/284) and 1.41% (4/284), respectively, and the comorbidity rate was 58.62% (34/58). A history of mental disorders and pregnancy complications were risk factors for postpartum depression (p = 0.028, p = 0.040, respectively); a history of mental disorders, a lack of physical exercise, partner violence and pregnancy complications were risk factors for postpartum anxiety disorders (p = 0.003, p = 0.007, p = 0.031, p = 0.048, respectively); and the delivery of female infants was a risk factor for postpartum obsessive-compulsive disorder (p = 0.022).The risk of postpartum depression, anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder was 9.125 times (95% CI = 3.900 ~ 21.349, p < 0.01), 7.310 times (95% CI = 2.588 ~ 20.649, p < 0.01) and 6.259 times (95% CI = 1.347 ~ 29.093, p < 0.01) higher in postpartum women with high psychological stress levels related to delivery than in those with low psychological stress levels, respectively. The incidence of postpartum mental disorders is high and has a positive correlation with the level of psychological stress. This may lead to a new perspective of the effect of psychological stress on postpartum mental disorders and attract more attention to other mental disorders in addition to postpartum depression.

Land allotment, transportation access, and indigenous maternal mental health

American Indian/Native Alaskan (AI/AN) mothers experience higher rates of postpartum depression than any other racial group in the United States. In addition, historical forced relocation and decimation of ancestral lands limit AI/AN mothers' access to quality personal or public transportation to access perinatal health care. This study used story inquiry, a decolonizing qualitative approach, to understand the impact of transportation on perinatal care and maternal mental health care access for Keetoowah mothers in Tahlequah, Oklahoma (N = 8). This study includes three themes: (1) transportation access and historical trauma; (2) perinatal health care and transportation, and (3) transportation access and affordability solutions.

Pregnancy in Medical Training: A Survey of Physician Moms on Their Experiences During Residency and Fellowship

Resident physicians undergo physically and emotionally rigorous training; this is particularly difficult for the pregnant resident and affects their unborn child. This study aims to elucidate pregnant residents' perspectives regarding their prenatal and postnatal experiences, across all specialties, with a focus on pregnancy complications, postpartum health, and policy execution. This is a nationwide cross-sectional survey study developed to characterize resident and fellow perceptions about work schedules while pregnant, perceived discrimination, complications during pregnancy, lactation and lactation support, marital distress, parental leave policy, and overall satisfaction with the parental leave period. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize survey responses. The experiences of physician mothers in online Facebook support groups: Physician Mom Group, Surgeon Mom Group, and Dr Mothers Interested in Lactation Knowledge, were queried by an electronic survey distributed using Qualtrics XM. Physicians who had children during their U.S. residency training were eligible to participate and 1,690 physician mothers from all specialties completed the survey. One thousand six hundred and ninety responses from members of the Facebook support groups were analyzed. Most surveyed physicians (1353/1519, 89.1%) were required to work until delivery and 63.6% (993/1561) of women took in-house calls during the last month of pregnancy. Half (820/1560, 52.6%) thought that the physical demands of their jobs compromised their own health and safety, or that of their child, and 1259 complications were reported among 1690 respondents, an average of three complications for every four respondents. Twenty-nine percent (442/1519, 29.1%) of physician mothers suffered from postpartum depression. Ninety-two percent (1479/1602, 92.3%) of respondents breastfed, but only one-third (483/1456, 33.2%) breastfed for more than 12 months and 52.7% (769/1458) would have liked to breastfeed longer. Marital distress was reported by nearly half (756/1650, 45.8%) of respondents during pregnancy and/or the first year of their child's life due to parental leave policies. The majority (957/1688, 56.7%) did not have a parental leave policy at their institution. Nearly two-thirds (946/1518, 62.3%) of respondents took 6 or fewer weeks off, and 79.7% (1211/1520) felt their duration of time off was inadequate. Nearly 30% (457/1593, 28.7%) stated they would recommend against a female medical student going into their field of medicine based upon their own experiences during pregnancy. Many mothers experienced discrimination from colleagues and worked until delivery despite concerns about the health and safety of themselves or their unborn children, and many reported experiencing a pregnancy-related complication. Most did not have a parental leave policy, which likely contributed to the disproportionately higher rates of postpartum depression among physician mothers compared to the general public. Residency training parental leave policies should be more accommodating to improve mental health, career satisfaction, and retention of the next generation of physician mothers.

Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Postpartum Anxiety Disorder and Depression in Syrian Migrant Women Living in Turkey: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The global migration trend has brought attention to the mental health of immigrant populations, especially postpartum women. The prevalence of postpartum anxiety and depression among these populations remains a growing concern. This study aimed to explore the factors associated with postpartum anxiety and depression among immigrant women, with a special emphasis on Syrian migrants in Turkey. A cross-sectional design was employed, enrolling postpartum women who visited the Strengthened Migrant Health Center in Istanbul between July and December 2022. Data were collected using a three-part questionnaire comprising sociodemographic details and scores from the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI). The average age of participants was 25.73 years. The mean EPDS and BAI scores were low at 1.27 and 3.85, respectively. Notably, 97.1% of women scored below the EPDS cut-off point of 13. EPDS scores showed a significant relationship between income levels and COVID-19 vaccination status, while BAI scores were significantly associated with educational levels. There was an inverse correlation between EPDS scores and the number of cohabitants in a household. The observed low rates of postpartum depression and anxiety could be attributed to the accessible health services and psychosocial support for immigrants in Turkey. It would be useful to conduct multicenter and comprehensive epidemiological studies on migrant puerperas.

Incidence ofPostpartum Depression Decreases After Initial Expansion ofMilitary Maternity Leave.

Postpartum depression impacts 1 in 8 women in the United States. Research has indicated maternity leave duration, and compensation can have an impact on postpartum depression symptoms. The U.S. military increased their maternity leave provision from 6 to 12 weeks in 2016. The aim of this study was to expand upon current literature on the role of maternity leave on postpartum depression by analyzing objective data from 2011 to 2019 utilizing military health records. All deliveries to active duty women in the Military Health System from 2011 to 2019 were considered for analysis. A total of 60,746 women met inclusion criteria. Active duty women were stratified by year of delivery to identify if they had 6 weeks (2011-2015) or 12 weeks (2016-2019) of maternity leave. International Classification of Disease (ICD)-9 and ICD-10 codes were used for the identification of postpartum depression diagnosis. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between maternity leave provision and postpartum depression diagnosis adjusting for covariates. Overall, 4.8% of the women were diagnosed with postpartum depression. Active duty women who were allotted 12 weeks (2016-2019) of maternity leave had higher odds of postpartum depression diagnosis than those allotted 6 weeks (2011-2015) (12 weeks vs. 6 weeks of leave: odds ratio [OR] = 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20-1.39, P < 0.0001). However, there was a 50% reduction in odds of postpartum depression during 2016-2017 (the 2 years following the 12-week leave implementation) in comparison to 2011-2015 (OR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.43-0.57, P < 0.0001). The trends were similar across military branches. Additionally, between 2011 and 2019, the lowest rates of postpartum depression were observed during 2016-2017, but the rates significantly increased starting 2018. Overall, women with lower military ranks had higher postpartum depression rates than those with higher ranks. Our results indicate increasing paid maternity leave in the military from 6 to 12 weeks did initially lower the odds of postpartum depression diagnosis among active duty women from immediately after policy implementation (2016) and prior to the release of the Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guidelines on Pregnancy Management (2018). Later, increased odds of depression (2018-2019) are likely due to increased depression screening protocols at the Military Treatment Facilities in the perinatal period.

Effects of the online and offline hybrid continuous group care on maternal and infant health: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThe group care is a well-established maternal care model that has been widely used in many developed countries, but in China, it is confined to prenatal care services. In addition, affected by traditional birth culture, Chinese women tend to focus more on their fetuses and newborns but lack attention to their own intrapartum and postpartum care. The aim of this study was to construct and implement a prenatal, intrapartum, and the postpartum continuous group care model that combines online and offline service in Hainan Province, China, and to evaluate the effect on maternal women and newborns.MethodsThis study was a randomized controlled trial involving 144 pregnant women in a first-class tertiary general hospital in Hainan Province, China. Women were divided into an intervention group and a control group using the random number table, with 72 women in each group. The control group received routine maternal care services, and the intervention group received the continuous group care based on the routine maternal care services. Count data such as rate of cesarean section and incidence rate of fetal macrosomia were analyzed with the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, and the General Self-efficacy Scale scores were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, with two-sided probability values.ResultsCompared with the control group, the rate of excessive prenatal weight gain, cesarean section, and 42-day postpartum depression were significantly lower in the intervention group (P < 0.05), and higher General Self-efficacy Scale scores (in the expectant period and 42 days postpartum) and exclusive breastfeeding rate (42 days postpartum) (P < 0.05). The incidence of fetal macrosomia was significantly lower in the intervention group (P < 0.05). But there was no significant difference in birth weight, preterm birth, the incidence of low-birth-weight infants and 1-min Apgar score (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe continuous group care with online and offline service can effectively control the gestational weight gain, reduce the rate of cesarean section, macrosomia, and postpartum depression. It can improve the self-efficacy of women and the rate of exclusive breastfeeding effectively.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Regestry (ChiCTR2200065765, 04/11/2022, Retrospectively registered).

The situation of postpartum depression using EPDS score

Background: During the postpartum period there was an increased the risk of psychiatrics disorders among the women. It was called postpartum depression. The symptoms were anxiety, sadness, anxious. The objective of this paper was researching on postpartum depression based on The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Method: A total of 275 pregenants in postpartum period were studied at Hue Central Hospital, from 01/2021 to 01/2022. A cross-study was conducted. Results: The results showed that the mean age was 29.2 ± 5.4. According to EPDS, 0 - 8 scores group was 80.4%, 9 - 12 scores group was 10.5%, ≥ 13 scores group was 9.1%. Women in dirvoce, separation situation which had score higher than 13 was 22.5%. In group ≥ 13 EPDS scores: postpartum depression rate 54.4%; The percentage of pregnant women giving birth to all boys or all girls was 17.6%. The rate of adverse pregnancy including stillbirth, malformation was 6.5%. Anxiety, sadness, anxious 38.7%. Without ahouse servant, the rate was 22.6%. Baby care ability no normaly was 45.2%. The rate of mother with neurology asthenia, emotion changes was 90.3% (≥ 13 EPDS scores), p &lt; 0.05, the rate of mother who unwanted to taking care of the baby was 51.6%, thought that baby was caused harming herself was 6.4%. Conclusion: Postpartum depression was a common disease, lasted about 6 weeks. Screening and consult early was necessary. Key words: depression, postpartum, women.

Association between Islamic religiosity, social support, marriage satisfaction, and postpartum depression in teenage mothers in West Java, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study.

Postpartum depression is a prevalent mental health issue among mothers after giving birth. Adolescent mothers are believed to have a higher rate of postpartum depression than adult mothers. However, research on postpartum depression among teenage mothers in Indonesia remains limited. This research gap emphasizes the need for more comprehensive studies to address the mental health and well-being of postpartum mothers in Indonesia, especially among adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the correlations between Islamic religiosity, social support, marital satisfaction, and postpartum depression in teenage mothers in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 203 adolescent postpartum mothers selected through cluster sampling. Data were collected using validated questionnaires from July to August 2020 in Cianjur and Sukabumi districts, West Java Province, Indonesia. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, and multiple logistic regression were employed for data analysis. The study revealed that 35.96% of teenage mothers experienced symptoms of postpartum depression. Among the variables studied, marriage satisfaction (p = 0.002), education level (p = 0.012), family income (p = 0.003), number of children (p = 0.044), and baby weight at birth (p = 0.0001) were significantly associated with postpartum depression. However, social support (p = 0.688) and religiosity (p = 0.788) showed no significant association with postpartum depression. Multiple logistic regression analysis further confirmed that marriage satisfaction (p = 0.001; OR = 0.365; 95% CI 0.197 - 0.676), family income (p = 0.001; OR = 0.326; 95% CI = 0.165 - 0.644), and the number of children (p = 0.026; OR = 3.68; 95% CI = 1.173 - 11.547) were the most significant factors associated with postpartum depression. The study highlighted a high prevalence of postpartum depression among adolescent mothers. Marital satisfaction, family income, and the number of children were identified as key factors associated with postpartum depression in this population. These findings emphasize the importance of considering these factors in nursing and midwifery practice to provide targeted support and interventions, ultimately improving the mental health outcomes for teenage mothers during the postpartum period.

Examining the Benefits of Water Births in a Hospital Setting: Perspectives from Midwives and Nurses

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of midwifery-led care on maternal outcomes, maternal satisfaction, and newborn health in a hospital setting. Specifically, the study sought to compare the effects of midwifery-led care to standard care models, assess maternal preparedness for childbirth, explore rates of medical interventions, evaluate maternal satisfaction, and examine newborn health outcomes. Methods: A total of 200 expectant mothers receiving prenatal care at a tertiary hospital were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups: Group A (midwifery-led care) and Group B (standard care). Participants' demographic information, medical history, and preferences related to prenatal care were collected using a structured questionnaire. Validated surveys, including the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), were used to assess postpartum depression. Medical records and prenatal visits were reviewed throughout the pregnancy, and postpartum follow-ups were scheduled to assess maternal outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed to compare outcomes between the two groups. Results: Participants in the midwifery-led care group reported significantly higher levels of birth preparedness (p &lt; 0.001), and rates of medical interventions during childbirth, including cesarean sections, were significantly lower compared to the standard care group (p &lt; 0.05). Maternal satisfaction scores were significantly higher in the midwifery-led care group (p &lt; 0.001). Additionally, the midwifery-led care group showed lower rates of postpartum depression (p &lt; 0.01) and higher rates of exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks postpartum (p &lt; 0.05). Neonates born to mothers in the midwifery-led care group had significantly lower rates of neonatal complications (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: The findings of this study provide strong evidence for the positive impact of midwifery-led care on maternal outcomes, maternal satisfaction, and newborn health. The personalized and woman-centered approach of midwifery-led care contributes to improved maternal preparedness, reduced medical interventions, increased maternal satisfaction, lower rates of postpartum depression, and better newborn health outcomes. These results highlight the potential benefits of integrating midwifery-led care models into maternity services, aiming to enhance the overall birthing experience and improve maternal and infant health outcomes.

Stratified Post-Reproduction: An Analysis of Black Women’s Barriers to Postpartum Depression Treatment

Stratified reproduction is defined as a systemic devaluation of one group’s reproductive capacity over another’s (Harris &amp; Wolfe, 2014). This article seeks to analyze the effects of stratified reproduction on the experiences of Black women with postpartum depression. Beginning with a thorough analysis of postpartum depression, its prevalence, and its methods of treatment, the paper then goes on to evaluate the existing research done on postpartum depression in Black women specifically. After analyzing evidence that indicates higher rates of mental illness among Black mothers, the paper examines stratified reproduction and a new term “stratified post-reproduction” is defined. In comparison, stratified post-reproduction, a term coined by the author, serves to elucidate the ways in which the prioritization of and concentration on white women’s post birth experiences by the medical community at large leads to a lower quality of treatment of non-white women and mothers of other marginalized groups (Primm et al., 2010). This creates a system that increases the rates of postpartum depression among Black women and keeps Black women from seeking post-birth care for this depression. The paper concludes by offering community based, feminist, and Black centered approaches to treating and caring for Black mothers in the period directly after birth. It is important to center Black voices and experiences in conversations about systemic oppression and thus the article cites research analyzing interviews done with Black mothers and focuses on research conducted by people of color and women.

Burden and Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression in Southwest Saudi Arabia.

The burden of postpartum depression (PPD) is significant because it remains unrecognized, and it not only affects the mother adversely but also has a negative consequence on the family life and the development of the infant. The aim of the study was to measure the prevalence of PPD and identify the risk factors of PPD among mothers attending the well-baby clinic of six Primary Health Care centers in Abha city, Southwest Saudi Arabia. A total of 228 Saudi women having a child aged between two weeks to one year were recruited in the study by using a consecutive sampling technique. The Arabic version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used as a screening tool to measure the prevalence of PPD. The mothers were also inquired about their socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors. The prevalence rate of postpartum depression was 43.4%. Family conflict, and lack of support by spouse and family during pregnancy were found to be the strongest predictors of developing PPD. Women who had reported family conflict were at six times higher risk for developing PPD compared to those who did not have a family conflict (aOR = 6.5, 95% CI = 2.3-18.4). Women who reported a lack of spousal support during pregnancy encountered 2.3 fold increased risk for PPD (aOR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.0-4.8) and women who had not received family support during pregnancy period were more than three times (aOR = 3.5, 95 % CI 1.6-7.7) likely to experience PPD. The risk of PPD among Saudi postnatal women was high. PPD screening should be an integral part of postnatal care. Awareness of women, spouses and families about potential risk factors can be a preventive strategy. The early identification of high-risk women during the antenatal and post-natal period could help to prevent this condition.

Postpartum Depression and Its Contributing Factors among Mothers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in North Jakarta, Indonesia

Background: Postpartum depression is a common psychological problem that occurs after birth. It has become especially prevalent in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Several factors contribute to postpartum depression. However, a limited study evaluated factors contributing postpartum depression among mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in Indonesia.Purpose: This study aimed to explore postpartum depression among mothers and its contributing factors during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional design. A total of 110 postpartum mothers were recruited by accidental sampling with the following inclusion criteria: mothers between one month and one year after birth, married, a singleton birth and the baby alive, and the mother is healthy with no complications. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to measure postpartum depression. Descriptive statistics, t-test, Fisher exact test, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression were performed to analyze the data.Results: The prevalence of postpartum depression during the pandemic period was 31.82%. Factors contributing to postpartum depression were the mother’s age (p=0.011), childcare stress (p=0.001), stressful life events (p=0.003), and pregnancy status (p=0.0001). A logistic regression showed that pregnant status (Unplanned/unwanted pregnancy) was the most contributor to postpartum depression (β=0.377, t=5.138, p=0.0001).Conclusion: This study identified a high rate of postpartum depression with related factors, including mother’s age, childcare stress, life stress, and unplanned/ unwanted pregnancy. Screening for postpartum depression is required to ensure early detection among postpartum mothers.

Postpartum Depression in India: Perceptions by Key Stakeholders

While postpartum depression (PPD) rates in India are among the highest in the world, screening and treatment is minimal. Socio-cultural issues including perceptions of stakeholders play role in this treatment gap. Efficient identification and treatment of women experiencing PPD has great importance for not only maternal, but infant outcomes. Infants born to mothers with PPD have a higher likelihood of lower birth weight, breastfeeding, maternal-infant bonding, and even cognitive delays throughout childhood. With the goal of improving maternal mental health outcomes, researchers conducted group and individual interviews with 26 stakeholders working with peripartum women in India to explore social perceptions of PPD. Analysis followed the social ecological model (SEM). Three themes were found: low awareness, minimal resources, and traditions and customs. Conclusion: Findings of this research can be used to develop interventions based on the three themes and their relation to the facets of the SEM framework.