Marriage Rates Research Articles

Attitudes Toward Marriage and Subjective Well-Being Among Indian Young Adults

The institution of marriage is central to Indian society, and yet society is changing rapidly as the Indian economy grows and modernizes, especially in urban India. Marriage rates are falling in western countries and other eastern countries, but they do not seem to be in India as a whole. Attitudes to marriage and subjective well-being seem to be linked in other countries with intention to marry and we wanted to see if a similar link existed among emerging adults in urban India. A total of 113 participants (mostly women) responded to our online survey of which 46 were college students and the rest were unmarried adults who found the survey on social media. The questions inquired about their attitudes to marriage, subjective well-being, and intention to marry. As was true in other countries, our participants’ attitudes toward marriage were related to subjective well-being, but unlike in other countries, intention to marry was not correlated with their subjective well-being. Further, they were ambivalent about their marriage intentions. Marriage rates in India do not seem to be reducing, so this result may reflect an urban trend among emerging adults.

THE MATURITY OF MARRIAGE AGE AS A STRATEGY TO PREVENT PREMARITAL SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN SAMARINDA

Premarital sexual behavior has become a significant social issue among adolescents in Indonesia, particularly concerning the high rates of child marriage and unintended pregnancies. Despite efforts to promote Marriage Maturity to reduce these rates, its effectiveness requires further investigation, especially in the context of adolescent motivation to avoid risky sexual behavior. This study aims to explore adolescent motivation to avoid premarital sexual behavior by applying the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), which involves threat appraisal and coping appraisal in adolescent decision-making to delay early marriage. This research employs a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Informant consisted of adolescents aged 15-19 years in Samarinda City who had received information about marriage maturity. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with six purposively selected Informant using intensity sampling techniques. Data validity was ensured through source triangulation and documentation. Collected data were analyzed using QSR NVIVO 12 Pro. The findings reveal that adolescents’ understanding of marriage maturityis still limited, and the threat of premarital sexual behavior is perceived as low by most Informant. Factors such as perceptions of severity adolescents are quite good because they have seen firsthand the impacts of premarital sex. For response efficacy and self-efficacy in delaying the age of marriage, these are relatively high among adolescents exposed to PUP. This is because they have parental and peer support providing information related to PUP. Additionally, social environment, media exposure, and education levels shape adolescents' responses to marriage maturityas a protective measure.

Empowering the Islamic Community to Minimize Child Marriage in Lampung Province

The number of child marriage cases in Lampung Province has increased significantly in recent years, despite existing regulations aimed at preventing it. Data from the Bandar Lampung Religious High Court shows an increase in marriage dispensation requests from 233 during the 2017-2019 period to 714 in 2020. The reasons behind this practice vary, including parenting patterns, the influence of social media, and cultural norms that consider child marriage to be customary. The Lampung community, predominantly Muslim, is influenced by Islamic traditions and values in daily life. Therefore, empowering the Islamic community is considered crucial to reducing the rate of child marriage. This article analyzes the efforts to empower the Islamic community in Lampung through education, awareness, legal regulation, and economic empowerment. This research uses a literature review method focusing on empowering the Islamic community, the causes and impacts of child marriage, as well as case studies and best practices from other regions. Scholars and religious leaders play a key role in changing social norms through interpretations of Islamic teachings that support the protection and welfare of children. With a holistic approach involving all layers of society, the practice of child marriage can be significantly minimized.

STRATEGIES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF POPULATION AND CIVIL REGISTRATION IN RECORDING MARRIAGE CERTIFICATES FOR THE CHINESE-INDONESIAN COMMUNITY IN SINGKAWANG, WEST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE

Singkawang is a city home to a majority Chinese-Indonesian population with diverse cultural practices, one of which is the tradition of photo marriage (kawin foto). Within the Chinese-Indonesian community, this practice is often considered sufficient without formally registering the marriage with the Department of Population and Civil Registration. Consequently, the ownership rate of marriage certificates among the Chinese-Indonesian community in Singkawang remains low. This study aims to explore the strategies employed by the Department of Population and Civil Registration to address the low rate of marriage certificate ownership, focusing on the cultural practices and traditions of the Chinese-Indonesian community as objects of the study. The study employs a descriptive qualitative method with an inductive approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique utilized is the ASOCA framework, which includes Ability, Strength, Opportunity, Culture, and Agility. The findings of this study indicate that 1) the Department of Population and Civil Registration has implemented strategies to encourage marriage registration, which include socialization among the Chinese-Indonesian community regarding marriage registration, building collaborations among institutions as well as vihara (Buddhist temples) or klenteng (Chinese temples), improving public services, providing foreign language training for staff, and offering mobile or on-the-spot services. 2) The challenges identified include: limited public knowledge about marriage registration, the absence of formalized written agreements, the inability of some vihara and klenteng to issue marriage blessing certificates, a shortage of civil servants (ASN) in the Department of Population and Civil Registration, the inactive status of the Dukcapil Online system, and insufficient foreign language skills among staff members. 3) To address these challenges, the Department of Population and Civil Registration has conducted socialization to the community and submitted requests for additional civil servants. Keywords: Marriage Certificate, ASOCA, Photo Marriage, Chinese-Indonesian Community, Registration, Strategy.

Factors Affecting Early Marriage in Dau District, Malang Regency

Indonesia still in 8th largest early marriage rate in the world. Many factors cause early marriage to occur, therefore this study aims to analyze the factors that influence early marriage in Dau District, Malang Regency. To analyze the factors that influence early marriage in Dau District, Malang Regency. The design of this study was observational analytic use Cross Sectional approach. The population in this study were women who married in 2022 in Dau District of Malang Regency, amount 511 women and the sample were 60 women. The independent variables in this study are education, family income, surrounding cultural beliefs, peers, knowledge, attitudes and mass media, while the dependent variable is early marriage. Data analysis of the results of this study used bivariate analysis with Chi-Square statistical test and multivariate analysis with logistic regression test. The results of the study showed that there was associated between variables of education (p value 0.00), peers (p-value 0.008), and attitude (p value 0.023) with the incidence of early marriage and the most variable affecting incidence of early marriage is education.

VOLUNTARY CHILDLESS SEBAGAI PILIHAN TAHDID AL-NASL UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN KELUARGA BERENCANA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HILAH

The background of this study is the childfree phenomenon that has re-emerged in the public eye amidst the decline in the ideal age marriage rate and the still high rate of early marriage. This study describes the phenomenon of voluntary childlessness, or the absence of children as an option in the context of tahdid al-Nasl (birth control) to realize family planning, with a hilah perspective approach. The focus of the study is the application of hilah in the case of voluntary childless couples who assume that they have supported the family planning program with their willingness to live without children so that they are able to reduce the birth rate. This study is normative with a literature study approach to collect primary legal materials. The results of this study indicate that voluntary childlessness is included in the hilah ghair syar'iyyah, or cases that are not permitted; the practice of family planning is permitted in Islam, but there are terms and conditions for its implementation and the goals to be achieved.

Refined Marriage Rates and Coresidential Relationships by Sexual Identity and Age: A Research Note

AbstractThis research note estimates refined marriage rates and coresidential relationships among individuals identifying as gay, lesbian, and straight in the United States seven years after the legalization of same-sex marriage. Data to estimate refined marriage rates or coresidential relationships by sexual identity are not available in a single national dataset so we leverage data from the U.S. Census Bureau's 2022 American Community Survey and Household Pulse Survey, to estimate refined marriage rates and the share in a coresidential union for straight, lesbian, and gay populations aged 18 to 64, based on the unmarried population and age. Findings highlight the importance of considering age alongside sexual identity when analyzing marital behavior and coresidential relationships. Both refined marriage rates and percentage living in coresidential relationships were lower among gay identifying males across all age groups, whereas rates among lesbian identifying females were comparable to those among straight identifying males and females. This study contributes to research on contemporary relationship dynamics as well as calling for new demographic data and investigations into the complexities of marriage and cohabitation among diverse populations.

Factor influencing child marriage in Tanjung Terdana Village 2020-2022

<p><strong><em>Background: </em></strong><em>Child marriage is a marriage that takes place at an age under 19 years that can threaten life and health. Indonesia's child marriage rate is ranked 7th globally and is ranked 2nd in ASEAN. Child marriage brings more harm than good, it tarnishes children rights in so many aspects including the health rights. It can affects children’s growth and development, especially females under the age of 19 can experience such serious injuries considering the reproductive organ is still immature for them to have sex, let alone pregnant and give birth. Apparently, the child marriage can be influenced by many factors, such as culture, socio-economic and environment. Altough the marriage age has been regulated in laws, the number of child marriage is still arrising.</em></p><p><strong><em>Objectives: </em></strong><em>This study aims to determine the factors that affecting child marriage in Tanjung Terdana Village, Pondok Kubang District, Central Bengkulu Regency.</em></p><p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>The research method is analytic observational with a cross-sectional design. The population is a reproductive age women that married in KUA Pondok Kubang distric in 2020-2022. Samples were taken by a total sampling technique of 31 reproductive age women, and data was collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis used a chi square, fisher’s exact and logistic regression.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>The results indicate that culture, environment and sosio-economic influence the child marriage with a value (p-value) <0,05, where the most dominant factor is culture.</em><em></em></p><strong><em>Conclusions: </em></strong><em>The health workers can work and collaborate cross-sectorally with the local community leaders in order to develop counseling and education programs about reproductive health in the community, especially among adolescents.</em>

Counseling on the Prevention of Early Marriage in Adolescents at Smpn 5 Praya Timur

Child marriage among teenagers has become a serious social issue, particularly in Central Lombok Regency. This phenomenon shows a tendency for teenagers to opt for marriage at a young age rather than continuing their education, which brings negative impacts on health, education, and socio-economic welfare. According to data from BKKBN NTB, in 2015, West Nusa Tenggara had the second-highest rate of child marriage in Indonesia, with a percentage of 5.81%. Despite government regulations aimed at preventing early marriage, their implementation has been less than optimal. SMP Negeri 5 Praya Timur, located in Beleke Lebe Sane Village, East Praya District, Central Lombok Regency, faces this issue directly, with many students deciding to leave school to marry at an early age. A lack of understanding regarding the negative impacts of early marriage, particularly related to reproductive health and education, is one of the primary causes of this phenomenon. The community service activity conducted at SMP Negeri 5 Praya Timur aimed to provide comprehensive counseling to students about the dangers of early marriage and the importance of continuing education to higher levels. The method used was Participatory Action Research (PAR), which involved active participation of students in understanding issues related to early marriage. This counseling was expected to raise student awareness about the risks of early marriage and motivate them to pursue further education. The results of this activity showed an increase in students' understanding of the negative impacts of early marriage and the importance of education as a path to a better future.

White Marriage in the light of the applicable laws of Iran and the Kurdistan Region

Among the unexpected phenomena in some societies, white marriage (Cohabitation) arises, which means the coexistence of a girl and a boy without an official or legal marriage. Cohabitation is considered a common and acceptable subject and has been legally regulated in many Western countries, but in some Middle Eastern countries, such as Iran, which is widely felt and growing, it remains unacceptable both in terms of Sharia and legal norms. The proliferation of this controversial phenomenon, Cohabitation, in Iran, which neighbors the Kurdistan Region, could potentially have adverse effects on the region's future as it may reduce the rate of official marriage, the cessation of childbirth, and increase moral deviations in society. In the Kurdistan Region, there is currently no legal provision that criminalizes this type of marriage, nor is there any legal remedy to prevent its spread. Therefore, this study aims to introduce Cohabitation and present its rules and consequences based on the applicable laws of Iran and the Kurdistan Region. The most important outcome that our research has reached, by using analytical and comparative methods, is the illegitimacy and illegality of this form of marriage under the Islamic holy religion and the laws of both Iran and the Kurdistan Region, despite the absence of any usual consequences associated with valid marriages, such as dowry, alimony, inheritance, and the non-fixity of descent for their children.

The Retreat from Marriage and Childbearing in China: Examining the Aspirations of Young Women and Men

The modernization of China has led to considerable economic and cultural change, and the rates of marriage and fertility have been declining. Despite recent changes in fertility policy, which allow for more births, the resulting pattern has been one of lower fertility. In addition, marriage rates have been declining, while cohabitation and singlehood have increased. Using a sample of young adults, this study examines the respective aspirations for marriage and childbearing of women and men in China. The results show that approximately 16% of females and 18% of males do not aspire to marry. In terms of childbearing, almost one‐third of females do not wish to have any births, while only one‐tenth of males feel likewise. Parental factors are shown to be substantially associated with males' marriage aspirations, while females' aspirations for both marriage and childbearing are strongly linked to their valuation of marriage and parenthood, themselves. The implications of the findings, along with the future of marriage and fertility patterns in China, are discussed within the second demographic transition paradigm.

Socio-Culture and Health Factors Determining Stunting in Children Under-Five in Banggai Kepulauan Regency, Central Sulawesi

Stunting is still a serious global health problem and needs to be addressed. Stunting is defined as a problem in the growth and development of children under the age of five (toddlers). The purpose of this study was to reveal the factors that cause stunting in toddlers. The research location chosen was in Labotan Kandi Village, Banggai Kepulauan Regency, Central Sulawesi. The number of stunted toddlers recorded based on the February 2022 weighing was 19 children. Data collection was carried out through a series of observations, interviews, and documentation studies. The findings show that there are several factors causing stunting under-fives as limited parental knowledge regarding stunting problems that many children/toddlers experience. In addition, there are several other contributing factors, namely low education (the majority do not go to school and only graduate from elementary school), are trapped by poverty and economic instability, high rates of early marriage, limited access to health services, and minimally implemented local food processing. by a stunting toddler mother in Labotan Kandi Village, Banggai Islands Regency. From these findings, it appears that the problem of stunting still needs to find solutions and appropriate management policies.

Child-led Marriage in Thailand’s Deep South

Abstract Interventions to end child marriage tend to rely on a monolithic representation of girls as victims have stereotyped it as a marriage between a young girl and an older man. Shifting this lens to the idea that children are not powerless in decision-making, this paper aims to unpack how the practitioners exercise agency in marriage, and explore the child marriage trends in 1990 to 2020 in the Malay-Muslim community in Thailand. The findings showed that the child marriage rate has declined and since 2006 most of the women who married under 15, married men whose age difference was between 0–4 years. Interview results based on the fieldwork in 2019 and 2022 underlined that social media changed the norms around marriage, which influenced some youths to decide to marry and divorce early. This paper aims to study child marriage as a today’s practice, not as the result of traditions.

PENCEGAHAN PERNIKAHAN DINI USIA REMAJA

Early marriage in Indonesia, especially in rural areas, is a serious issue that negatively affects the health and education of the younger generation. The government's free education program aims to create a golden generation, but the high rate of early marriage hinders the achievement of this goal. This study identifies factors that influence early marriage, such as knowledge, education level and family economic conditions. Through socialization activities at Darul Hamidin Junior High School in Padamara, East Lombok, the author sought to increase students' understanding of the dangers of early marriage. Lecture and discussion methods were used to deliver material related to the negative impact of early marriage, with the aim of raising awareness and motivating adolescents to stay away from the practice. The results of the socialization showed an increase in students' understanding after the activity. This research emphasizes the need for collaborative efforts from various elements of society to reduce the number of early marriages and support a more qualified generation to achieve national education goals.

Rare Inherited Coagulation Deficiencies: A Single-Center Study

Background: Rare factor deficiency (RFD) is characterized by a deficiency of factor (F)I, FII, FV, FVII, FX, FXI, FXII, FXIII, or a combined deficiency of FV+FVIII or vitamin K-dependent factors. The prevalence of RFD ranges from 1/1,000,000 to 3,000,000. Combined deficiencies of vitamin K-related factors have been described in 30 families worldwide, and these patients can present with a wide range of clinical symptoms, from mucocutaneous bleeding to life-threatening symptoms such as central nervous system and gastrointestinal bleeding. Objective: This study aimed to contribute to the literature on RFD. Material and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 43 children with RFD. Results: The most common factor deficiencies were FVII (n=13); whereas the other deficiencies were FI (n=1), FV (n=2), FV+FVIII (n=2), FX (n=6), FXI (n=5), FXII (n=9), FXIII (n=3), and vitamin K-dependent combined factor deficiency (n=2). Acute and severe bleeding was controlled by treatment in 6 patients, and 12 patients with recurrent bleeding symptoms received prophylaxis. RFDs were more common in regions with high rates of consanguineous marriage, and in our study, 16 (16/43) of the cases were found to have consanguineous marriages between parents. Conclusions: It is important to improve genetic counseling and access to testing for family members with RFD due to autosomal recessive inheritance. Delays in diagnosis and treatment and lack of adequate prevention are important risk factors for life-threatening bleeding.

Declining appeal of marriage? Trends in marital intentions in South Korea, 1991–2018

ABSTRACT Research on declining marriage rates in Korea has predominantly focused on economic-structural factors. This study uses five nationally representative cross-sectional surveys from 1991–2018 to examine the marital intentions of never-married Korean women and men aged 20–29 by their education, employment, and partnership. The analysis shows that the share of single young adults not intending to marry increased, especially between 2015 and 2018, when uncertainty about marriage intentions also grew. Marital intentions vary little by education and employment but are closely related to partnership status. The ambivalence toward marriage grew in tandem with a fall in the number of young Koreans having a dating partner. The rise in negative and uncertain marriage intentions suggests that the decline in marriage rates is likely to continue, contributing to a further rise in childlessness and a decline in fertility as reproduction in Korean society occurs almost exclusively within marriage.

The frequent variant A57F in the GNE gene in patients from Russia has Finno-Ugric Mari origin.

GNE-myopathy is a distal myopathy with adult-onset and initial involvement of anterior leg compartment. A founder effect has been demonstrated for some patients from several large cohorts in different countries. In this study, we investigated the allele frequency of the c.169_170delinsTT (p.(Ala57Phe)) variant in the GNE gene (NM_001128227.3) among different ethnic populations (Mari, Tatar, and Bashkir) and estimated the age of the mutation's spread event. The c.169_170delinsTT variant in the GNE gene was detected in the Mari population with an allele frequency of 0.003788 but was not found in the Tatar or Bashkir populations. The disease incidence is estimated to be 1.43 (95% CI: 0.00092-43.78) per 100,000 in the Mari population. According to our study, the estimated age of the mutation's spread is 160.46 years (95% CI: 45.55-244.14). By comparing the information gathered with historical data on migration patterns in the Middle Volga region and estimating the age of the variant's dissemination, we propose hypotheses regarding its origin and the pathways through which it spread. In the current context of increased rate of interethnic marriages, investigating the spread of common pathogenic variants from historically isolated populations is important for molecular genetic diagnosis. This approach aids in optimizing diagnostic processes and reducing the diagnostic odyssey for patients.

Implementation of Regent Regulation Number 19 of 2023 Against Early Marriage Rates in Bojonegoro Regency (Case Study of Bojonegoro Religious Affairs Office)

Abstract Introduction to the Problem: The impact of early marriage on children is also seen in the risk of a large psychological condition because mentally almost all of them are not ready to assume great responsibility in fostering family relationships so that it can lead to divorce, even from a health perspective a woman who marries under the age of 20 is at risk of cervical cancer because she is a teenager. Bojonegoro Regency is one of the districts in the spotlight related to the high rate of early marriage in East Java, Bojonegoro Regency is included in the top 10 high marriage rates in East Java. Purpose/Study Objectives: This study aims to find out about how the implementation of marriage incentives at the Bojonegoro Regency Religious Affairs Office based on the Regent's Regulation and to find out how the impact analysis of Regent's Regulation Number 19 of 2023 on the level of early marriage in Bojonegoro Regency. Design/Methodology/Approach: The method used in this research is empirical juridical which is focused on examining phenomena that occur in the field and making it the main source of data, such as the results of interviews and also the results of field studies. Which uses a qualitative approach and field study data analysis. Findings: The results showed that the implementation of the provision of Marriage Capability Incentives is in accordance with Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Marriage, and Regent Regulation Number 19 of 2023 concerning the provision of marriage capability incentives, but even so it is not enough to reduce the high rate of early marriage in Bojonegoro Regency. Paper Type: Research Article

Changing patterns of family formation among internally displaced populations in Yemen: evidence from cross-sectional surveys

Introduction: Yemen has one of the highest rates of child marriage in the Middle East and North Africa region and is home to one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises. How the conflict and resulting displacement have impacted family formation patterns is not entirely clear. In this study, we investigate the impact of displacement on child marriage and early childbearing by comparing time-to-first-marriage and time-to-first-birth among displaced and non-displaced girls.MethodsWe used data collected through cross-sectional multistage stratified cluster household surveys in three governorates in Yemen with high concentrations of internally displaced persons (IDPs). Employing an analytic sample 1,861 girls aged 15–24, we compared entry into first marriage and time to first birth between IDPs and non-displaced persons using Kaplan Meier curves and Cox regressions.ResultsWe found high rates of child marriage in this population, with 37.8% and 34.5% of ever-displaced and never-displaced girls aged 20–24 married before age 18. Overall, those who were displaced had 30% higher hazard of overall marriage compared to their host counterparts (95% CI 1.16–1.47), and 23% increased hazard of child marriage (95%CI 1.01–1.51). Stratification by governorate revealed heterogeneity across governorates, with displaced populations at higher hazard of marriage in Aden and Maarib but not in Hadramout. We found that child brides and displaced participants were more likely to initiate earlier childbearing compared to non-child brides (HR = 3.44; 95% CI 2.94 4.0) and host counterparts (HR 1.35; 95% CI 1.15–1.58). Despite generally having lower age at first birth, child brides experienced a 19% lower hazard of first birth after marriage compared to those married over 18, indicating that child brides tended to wait longer before first birth (95% CI 0.72–0.92). We did not find a significant association between displacement status and marriage to birth interval after adjusting for child marriage status.ConclusionOur results highlight the impact of forced displacement on time-to-first-marriage and suggest that those who are displaced are more vulnerable to child marriage. We did not find compelling evidence for child marriage driving an increase in early childbearing. Nonetheless, our findings highlight the need for interventions that focus on prevention and mitigation of child marriage in this setting, particularly among IDPs who are at increased vulnerability.

Socialization of Early Marriage as an Effort to Reduce the Rate of Early Marriage at SMPN 2 Satap Kayangan

Early marriage is a social problem that occurs very often both in urban and rural areas, including in Pendua Village. The aim of this community service is to convey about the disadvantages and negative impacts of early marriage. Through outreach using early marriage educational film screening techniques, it is hoped that it will provide awareness for middle-level students to local communities regarding the impact of early marriage. The method applied is socialization by showing educational films related to early marriage. The targets of this socialization are middle-level students in Pendua Village. The results of socialization show that early marriage has more negative impacts on both the bride and groom and their future offspring. From these outreach efforts, it is hoped that there will be increased awareness among students and the public regarding the negative impacts of early marriage and strengthen support for preventive measures.