Heartbeat Rate Research Articles

IOT Based Heart Attack Detection and Heart Rate Monitor

Abstract: In today's world, many people are losing their lives due to heart attacks and the shortage of specialist doctors available to take immediate action. Hence this system provides the implementation of heart rate monitoring and controlling of a patient. For this, we have used the technology called the "GSM" to detect and monitor the heart rate of a patient. In this system, the patient will be equipped with the hardware consisting of sensors and other devices for measuring the heartbeat along with the notification unit to notify and provide data in real-time. The heartbeat sensor with advance measuring technique will calculate the heartbeat of the patient, and transmit it over the internet that can be easily accessed by the patient itself and the doctors through different electronic devices such as tablets, phones, and computers. The heartbeat limits are set on a system that informs about the high and low rate of heartbeat. It also provides continuous data for analyzing the chance of an attack on a patient

Ecotoxicological evaluation of the UV-filter octocrylene (OC) in embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio): Developmental, biochemical and cellular biomarkers

Octocrylene (OC), an UV-filter (OUVF) is used in many cosmetic products to protect the skin against the harmful effects of UV radiation. Octocrylene has been detected in the environment and become an emerging contaminant of concern. However, the eco-toxicological data on octocrylene and their molecular effects and mechanism of action on freshwater fish are very limited. In this research work, the potential toxicity of octocrylene and its mechanisms on morphology, antioxidant and AChE activity, apoptosis, and histopathological changes were investigated in embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio) at different concentrations (5, 50 and 500 μg/L). Embryos/larvae (96 hpf) treated with 50 and 500 μg/L of OC caused developmental abnormalities, and decreased hatching rate and heartbeat rate. The oxidative damage (LPO) and antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT and GST) activities were apparently elevated (P < 0.05) at the highest test concentration (500 μg/L). However, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was significantly inhibited at the highest test concentration. Also, OC induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The zebrafish exposed to 50 and 500 μg/L showed histopathological changes including elongated yolk sac, swim bladder inflammation, muscle cell degeneration, retinal damage and pyknotic cells. In conclusion, octocrylene has induced oxidative stress at environmentally relevant concentrations leading to developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, and histopathological damage in zebrafish embryos/larvae.

Additive influence of exercise pressor reflex activation on Valsalva responses in white and black adults.

This study aimed to determine if activation of the exercise pressor reflex exerts additive or redundant influences on the autonomic responses to the Valsalva maneuver (VL), and if these responses differ between White and Black or African American (B/AA) individuals. Twenty participants (B/AA n = 10, White n = 10) performed three separate experimental trials. In the first trial, participants performed two VLs in a resting condition. In a second trial, participants performed 5min of continuous handgrip (HG) exercise at 35% of the predetermined maximal voluntary contraction. In a third and final trial, participants repeated the 5-min bout of HG while also performing two VLs during the 4th and 5th minutes. Beat by beat blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were recorded continuously and the absolute systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), and heart rate (HR) responses were reported for phases I-IV of each VL. No significant group by trial interactions or main effects of group were observed for any phase of the VL (all p ≥ 0.36). However, significant main effects of time were observed for blood pressure and heart rate during phases IIa-IV (all p ≤ 0.02). Specifically, the addition of HG exercise exaggerated the hypertensive responses during phases IIb and IV (all p ≤ 0.04) and blunted the hypotensive responses during phases IIa and III (all p ≤ 0.01). These results suggest that activation of the exercise pressor reflex exerts an additive influence on autonomic responses to the VL maneuver in both White and B/AA adults.

External validation of a model for selecting day 3 embryos for transfer based upon deep learning and time-lapse imaging

Could objective embryo assessment using iDAScore Version 2.0 perform as well as conventional morphological assessment? A retrospective cohort study of fresh day 3 embryo transfer cycles was conducted at a large reproductive medicine centre. In total, 7786 embryos from 4328 cycles with known implantation data were cultured in a time-lapse incubator and included in the study. Fetal heartbeat (FHB) rate was analysed retrospectively using iDAScore Version 2.0 and conventional morphological assessment associated with the transferred embryos. The pregnancy-prediction performance of the two assessment methods was compared using area under the curve (AUC) values for predicting FHB. AUC values were significantly higher for iDAScore compared with morphological assessment for all cycles (0.62 versus 0.60; P = 0.005), single-embryo transfer cycles (0.63 versus 0.60; P = 0.043) and double-embryo transfer cycles (0.61 versus 0.59; P = 0.012). For the age subgroups, AUC values were significantly higher for iDAScore compared with morphological assessment in the <35 years subgroup (0.62 versus 0.60; P = 0.009); however, no significant difference was found in the ≥35 years subgroup. In terms of the number of blastomeres, AUC values were significantly higher for iDAScore compared with morphological assessment for both the <8c subgroup (0.67 versus 0.56; P < 0.001) and the ≥8c subgroup (0.58 versus 0.55; P = 0.012). iDAScore Version 2.0 performed as well as, or better than, conventional morphological assessment in fresh day 3 embryo transfer cycles. iDAScore Version 2.0 may therefore constitute a promising tool for selecting embryos with the highest likelihood of implantation.

A COMMERCIAL-OFF-THE-SHELF FREQUENCY MODULATED CONTINUOUS WAVE RADAR FOR VITAL SIGN MONITORING

Objective: Radar systems are capable of retrieving remotely micro-movements with very high precision. Millimeter-wave radars are already used in several medical applications (e.g. sleep disorders, heart beat rate, patient monitoring) and have shown promising results towards a remote Doppler cardiogram or arterial pulse wave measurements techniques. In this work, we tested a 122 GHz commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar for vital (respiratory and cardiac) signals monitoring. This required the setting up of a very precise experimental bench and the investigation of a robust data processing procedure. Design and method: An experimental bench (see Figure 1-a) has been set up with a high precision Newport linear actuator: a small target can be then displaced with less than 3 μm accuracy. Such system can replicate the thorax displacements due to the respiratory and cardiac activity. Two different motions were simulated: a ‘large’ 8 mm displacement at 0.15 Hz (a.k.a. respiratory) and a ‘small’ 0.5 mm at 1 Hz (a.k.a. cardiac). Furthermore, a shaker system can be used to reproduce completely arbitrary movements, even from real acquired Electrocardiogram (ECG) data. In this case, however, a reference measurement system would be necessary to determine the accuracy. Results: A first measurement set was dedicated to evaluate the accuracy of the radar system: around 50 acquisitions for each type of displacements were carried out. The accuracy of the radar measurements results in the order of ∼10 μm (see Figure 2). A second measurement set tested the dynamic resolution: in this case, a 0.4 Hz sinusoidal signal and a 0.8 Hz pulsation mix were fed to the shaker system. The radar is capable of retrieving both signal signatures (see Figure 3), with errors due to the combination of sharp pulse rise and low radar sampling frequency Conclusions: We show that a COST radar is able to retrieve vital signs chest displacements with a good accuracy in both amplitude and dynamics, thus representing a valid option for a remotely continuous cardiovascular monitoring. Next objectives are In Vivo measurements with an in-house radar system and measurements of blood pulse waves.

FedRadar: Federated Multi-Task Transfer Learning for Radar-Based Internet of Medical Things

Owing to increasing connected medical devices and rapid development of deep learning technologies, the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has attracted great attention for healthcare monitoring with intelligent sensors. Radar serves as a non-contact healthcare device, continuously measuring human’s vital signs and behavior to provide daily and comprehensive long-term record on health status. However, radar sensor data collected from various users and families usually involve sensitive personal information, while traditional deep learning technologies using IoMT radar data may present high privacy leakage risks. This paper proposes FedRadar, a novel federated multi-task transfer learning framework for radar-based heartbeat rate and activity monitoring in IoMT to solve these challenges. It deals with the decentralized structure, training personalized multi-task models collaboratively, combining the shared relevance knowledge of human’s physiological information while keeping personal radar data locally for privacy protection. First, the multi-task neural network is built on the spatial-temporal radar data to capture the potential relationship and shared representations between human’s vital sign and activity. Furthermore, the federated learning with knowledge transfer scheme is designed to achieve personalized local models by transferring coarse relevant features and keeping fine-grained individual information. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of FedRadar with 2.8% and 2.5% superior than local training model respectively on the accuracy of heartbeat rate estimation and activity classification in realistic constructed radar datasets. In addition, FedRadar is extensible and suitable to continuously monitor multiple health indicators with privacy protection in IoMT. The FedRadar codes and constructed radar datasets are available on https://github.com/bupt-uwb/FedRadar.

Sparsity-Based Multi-Person Non-Contact Vital Signs Monitoring via FMCW Radar.

Non-contact technology for monitoring the vital signs of multiple individuals, such as respiration and heartbeat, has been investigated in recent years due to the rising cardiopulmonary morbidity, the risk of disease transmission, and the heavy burden on medical staff. Frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars have shown great promise in meeting these needs, even using a single-input-single-output (SISO) setup. However, contemporary techniques for non-contact vital signs monitoring (NCVSM) via SISO FMCW radar, are based on simplistic models and present difficulties in coping with noisy environments containing multiple objects. In this work, we first develop an extended model for multi-person NCVSM via SISO FMCW radar. Then, by utilizing the sparse nature of the modeled signals in conjunction with human-typical cardiopulmonary features, we present accurate localization and NCVSM of multiple individuals in a cluttered scenario, even with only a single channel. Specifically, we provide a joint-sparse recovery mechanism to localize people and develop a robust method for NCVSM called Vital Signs-based Dictionary Recovery (VSDR), which uses a dictionary-based approach to search for the rates of respiration and heartbeat over high-resolution grids corresponding to human cardiopulmonary activity. The advantages of our method are illustrated through examples that combine the proposed model with in-vivo data of 30 individuals. We demonstrate accurate human localization in a noisy scenario that includes both static and vibrating objects and show that our VSDR approach outperforms existing NCVSM techniques based on several statistical metrics. The findings support the widespread use of FMCW radars with the proposed algorithms in healthcare.

Multi-biomarkers hazard assessment of microplastics with different polymers by acute embryo test and chronic larvae test with zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Microplastics as emerging contaminants show various composition features in the environment. However, influence of polymer types on the toxicity of microplastics is still unclear, thus affecting evaluation of their toxicity and ecological risks. In this work, toxic effects of microplastics (fragment, 52–74 μm) with different polymer types including polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) to zebrafish (Danio rerio) were studied using acute embryo test and chronic larvae test. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) was used as a control representing natural particles. Results showed microplastics with different polymers had no influence on embryonic development at environmental relevant concentration (102 particles/L), but could lead to accelerated heartbeat rate and increased embryonic death when exposed to SiO2, PE and PS at higher concentrations (104 and 106 particles/L). Chronic exposure for zebrafish larvae indicated different polymers of microplastics did not affect zebrafish larvae’ feeding and growth, nor induce oxidative stress. But larvae’ locomotion level and AChE (acetylcholinesterase) activities could be inhibited by SiO2 and microplastics at 104 particles/L. Our study demonstrated negligible toxicity of microplastics at environmental relevant concentration, while different polymers of microplastics have similar toxic effects as SiO2 at high concentrations. We suggest that microplastic particles may have the same biological toxicity as natural particles.

Elevated temperature decreases cardiovascular toxicity of nanoplastics but adds to their lethality: A case study during zebrafish (Danio rerio) development

To highlight the key role of global warming on the toxicity of contaminants, the cardiovascular toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) was estimated in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) at different exposure temperatures, and the toxicity mechanisms were explored via multi-omic analyses. Polystyrene NPs (50 nm) at 0.1 mg·L−1 entered zebrafish embryos at 24 h post-fertilization and caused cardiovascular toxicity in the developing zebrafish at 27 ℃. This was explained by the down-regulation of the branched-chain amino acid and insulin signaling pathways owing to induced oxidative stress. Elevated exposure temperatures promoted the accumulation of NPs in developing zebrafish, increased the levels of oxidative stress and enhanced the oxidative phosphorylation rate in mitochondria, thus resulting in an additive effect on the mortality of zebrafish larvae. Notably, elevated exposure temperatures reduced the cardiovascular toxicity of NPs, as the effective concentration of NPs for inhibiting embryonic heartbeat rate increased from 0.1 mg·L−1 at 27 ℃ to 1.0 mg·L−1 at 30 ℃. Experiments of transgenic zebrafish Tg(myl7:GFP) and multi-omic analyses revealed that elevated temperatures enhanced the myocardial contractility of larvae, thus reducing the cardiovascular toxicity of NPs. However, the health risks of enhanced myocardial contraction caused by NP exposure at elevated temperatures requires further consideration.

Recent Advances in 2D Wearable Flexible Sensors

AbstractA variety of wearable technology for detecting human safety as well as environmental conditions have new research directions owing to 2D heterostructured transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), graphene (Gr), and reduced graphene‐oxide (rGrO). This in‐depth review article compiles the most recent and effective methods for ultrathin, large‐area flexible sensors with conformal adhesion to human skin that are essential for the development of wearable electronic skins. The results presented in this review aim to design flexible, comfortable wearable devices to monitor users’ continuous health conditions and to show the essential parameters (vital human activity signals such as heartbeat and pulse rate, expressions, and voice recognition) on smartphones in real‐time, allowing users to monitor their health issues in a convenient setting. When used to detect gases, higher selectivity biomolecules, and other organic and inorganic molecules, 2D TMDs can produce superior sensitivities and stability due to their unique and fascinating properties that result from the close interaction between the components. The understanding and control of excitonic effects and associated wearable applications in van der Waals heterostructures over a wide spectral response range is also encouraged. The review concludes by summarizing the present difficulties and opportunities.

Bicytopenia and Urinary Infection Due to Chryseobacterium&amp;lt;i&amp;gt; indologenes &amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report

Chryseobacterium<i> indologenes</i> was saprophytic gram-negative rods which can give multiple organ failure among the immunocompromised patients. In this paper, we herein report a case of bicytopenia and severe urinary infection due to Chryseobacterium<i> indologenes</i> in immunocompetent patient. The case consisted of a 45-year-old Malagasy male immunocompetent patient, admitted for acute onset of fever and chills three days after laparotomy. He had no past medical history. Clinical examination showed low blood pressure 80/40mmHg, heart rate beat 130 bpm. He presented distended bladder. The remainder of the physical examination was unremarkable. Laboratory test showed anemia and thrombocytopenia and elevated C reactive protein. Urine culture was positive for multiresistant C. <i>indologenes</i>, but the antibiogram was unavailable. The patient’s inflammatory and vasculitis work-up was unremarkable. Malignancy work-up was also negative. Bladder catheter was removed. Clinical improvement was observed on empiric levofloxacin® and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole® antibiotic therapy. Bicytopenia and severe form urinary infection in an immunocompetent patient was a manifestation of C. <i>indologenes</i> in our case. Association of broad-spectrum antibiotic might be used in nosocomial infection if the antibiogram was unavailable in this infection. Removing the bladder catheter may also be an important consideration. Furthermore, there was no similar case in our hospital. So, more epidemiological studies are required to explain the transmission mechanism and develop effective preventive measures.

Effects of bisphenols on lipid metabolism and neuro–cardiovascular toxicity in marine medaka larvae

Bisphenols are environmental endocrine disruptors that have detrimental effects on aquatic organisms. Using marine medaka larvae, this study explored the effects of bisphenol compounds [bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol AF (BPAF)] on the early growth and development of aquatic organisms. Marine medaka larvae were exposed to bisphenol compounds at concentrations of 0.05, 0.5, and 5 μM for 72 h, and changes in heartbeat rate, behavior, hormone levels, and gene expression were determined. Bisphenols were shown to have a toxic effect on the cardiovascular system of larvae and can cause neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption, such as changes to thyroid-related hormones. Functional enrichment showed that bisphenols mainly affect lipid metabolism and cardiac muscle contraction of larvae, which implied that the main toxic effects of bisphenols on marine medaka larvae targeted the liver and heart. This study provides a theoretical foundation for evaluating the toxicological effects of bisphenols on the early development of aquatic organisms.

Developmental Toxicity Assessment of Drymaria Cordata (Linn.) Willd using Zebrafish Embryo.

Drymaria cordata (Linn.) Willd is a creeping herb belonging to the Caryophyllaceae family, widely used as a traditional medicine in Africa and North-east India for various ailments. Many therapeutic applications of D. cordata have been reported in various scientific studies, but the teratogenicity study of this herb has not been documented till now. The present study aimed to assess the developmental toxic effect and median lethal concentration (LC50) of methanol extract of Drymaria cordata leaf (DCME) using zebrafish embryos. After spawning of male and female zebrafish, healthy zebrafish embryos were selected by microscopic screening and transferred into 96-well plate for the study. Embryos were exposed to DCME at concentrations ranging from 50-400 μg/ml in 2% DMSO from 24 hpf to 72 hpf. Developmental and morphological abnormalities were microscopically evaluated. Fifty percent lethal concentration (LC50) of DCME was determined by observation from 24 hpf to 72 hpf. The concentration-dependent toxic effects of DCME on developing embryos of zebrafish were found in the study in a time-dependent manner. At 72 hpf, the median lethal concentration (LC50) of DCME was found with visible developmental defects, such as heartbeat rate, less pigmentation, oedema, spinal curvature, immature yolk sac as well as reduced hatching rate and a slow growth. The median lethal dose was found to be 448 μg/ml at 72 hpf for zebra fish embryos, meriting further studies on toxicological profiling of the plants.

Pulse Monitoring System

An electrical device called a heartbeat sensor is used to detect a person's heart rate, or heartbeat pace. The fundamental things we do to keep ourselves healthy are to monitor our body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. We utilise thermometers and a sphygmomanometer to check the blood pressure and arterial pressure in addition to measuring body temperature. A heartbeat sensor can be used to monitor heart rate in addition to manually checking the pulse at the wrists or neck. In this experiment, the heartbeat is found using fingertip pulse oximetry. The amount of blood in the fingertip increases during diastole and decreases during systole of the heart. If you could somehow count the number of pulses in one minute, that would be the heart rate in beats per minute. The subsequent pulsing of blood volume inside the fingertip is precisely proportional to heart rate (bpm).

Enantioselective effect of trifloxystrobin in early-stage zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos: Cardiac abnormalities impacted by E,E-trifloxystrobin enantiomer

Trifloxystrobin (TFS) is one of the extensively used strobilurin fungicides, which is composed of four enantiomers and its active form is E,E-TFS. In this study, we assess the acute toxicity of four enantiomers, E,E−, E,Z-, Z,E−, and Z,Z-TFS in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Among the four enantiomers, only E,E-TFS was found to be acutely toxic, with an estimated LC50 value of 0.68 mg/L. Treatment with E,E-TFS resulted in various phenotypic changes in the embryos, including pericardial and yolk-sac edema, spine curvature, and blood pooling. And it shortened the whole body length in the treated embryos by increasing the total intersegmental vessel numbers using a Tg(fli1a:EGFP) zebrafish line. Further study using Tg(cmlc2:EGFP) zebrafish line revealed that E,E-TFS treatment was associated with cardiac malformations, a failure of heart function, and a lowered heartbeat rate at the concentration of 0.25 mg/L. Also, the differential gene expression analysis identified significant down-regulation of vmhc and cacna1c genes encoding ventricular myosin heavy chain and calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha 1C, which are crucial for heart development. These results suggest the need for regular monitoring of E,E-TFS enantiomers after field application and further research into their potential chronic effects on environmental organisms.

The IoT Based Health Monitoring with Alcohol Detection And Control System

Accidents caused due to drunken drive are increasing tremendously in this modern world. To prevent these kinds of accidents, we propose an IoT based health monitoring system with alcohol detection and control. The proposed project is designed to reduce accidents caused due to drunken driving. Globally the cases of accidents are increasing due to this aspect. In order to prevent these accident cases, in this project an IoT based method has been designed. In that Arduino, Alcohol Sensor, Heart beat rate sensor, Global System for Mobile communication, Wi-Fi modem, are utilized. Once the alcohol rate and heart beat rate are exceeding the specified limit, the command will be given to the ignition system of the vehicle to stop the operation of the vehicle.

Arrythmia Disease Prediction using Deep Learning Techniques

The major goal of this study is to put into practise a straightforward algorithm to identify the illness arrhythmia. Any issue with a person's heartbeat's pace or rhythm is referred to as arrhythmia, which is a sickness. The heart cannot adequately pump blood when it is not beating appropriately. The danger that the organs may shut down or suffer damage is very great when this occurs, making it impossible for the lungs, brain, and all other organs to function properly. Arrhythmias are frequently thought to be unimportant and untreated. The doctor once stated that if someone develops an arrhythmia, they should determine whether it is abnormal or only interferes with the heart's normal function. The results of the ECG report are typically examined by the doctors to determine the heartbeat rate. Maximum accuracy in identifying the disease is possible with deep learning. The model is created as the source data are used to train it and build the model. These data are used by the model to train itself, and it uses the previously learned data to forecast the occurrence of the disease. As a result, the disease's presence is established, and the model is supplied with data from the reports. Hence, by doing so, the likelihood of diagnosing errors and the amount of time needed to analyse the report are both significantly decreased.

HEART ATTACK PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING

Early detection is essential for both the treatment and prevention of heart attacks, which account for the majority of deaths worldwide. A machine learning model for predicting a person's risk of having a heart attack based on various medical factors is the goal of this project. Patients' medical histories, lifestyle, and physical characteristics, such as temperature, humidity, heart rate (in beats per minute), and spo2 (blood oxygen levels) by corresponding sensors. Using machine learning algorithms like the naive Bayes classifier, SVM classifier, and KNN classifier, the data will be cleaned, pre-processed, and analyzed. Using metrics like precision, recall, and the F1-score, the model will be trained and tested on a dataset of patients who are known to be at risk for heart attacks. The final model will be put into use as a web application that lets users enter their medical information to get a customized heart attack risk score. This project aims to provide individuals and healthcare professionals with an easy-to-use, wearable device and accurate tool for identifying heart attack risk factors and taking preventative measures. Key words – Body Temperature, Heart rate, breathing rates, blood oxygen level, smart wearable system

Development of Adaptive Spectrum Noise Cancellation Technique for Enhancing Heartbeat Rate Monitoring

Most of the Heart Rate Monitor (HRM) seems to be a portable monitoring device that can measure and displays real-time heartbeat rate in addition to storing heartbeat rate data for future studies. It is generally used to capture heart rate data during various types of physical exercise. Heart rhythm problems arise whenever the electrical impulses that coordinate the heartbeats aren't working properly. The ineffective signaling causes the heart to beat too fast (tachycardia), overly slowly (bradycardia), or sporadically. In present study, a focused approach on Adaptive Spectrum Noise Cancellation (ASNC) were used for enhancing heartbeat rate monitoring for humans. It finds that simply a photodetector and a source of light are applied to the surface of the skin to monitor the proportional changes in the blood flow. It is concluded that for accurate measurement of heart rate while moving or running, the proposed device ASNC utilizes the application of embedded accelerometer and gyroscope sensors to identify and eradicate the artifacts adaptively. In future, the proposed model may adopted for modification and commercialization of wearable heart-rate sensors based upon photoplethysmography (PPG), it would be better in terms of utility as well as adoptability.

Design and Implementation of Heart Attack Detection and Medication Using Ad a fruit Flora Module

In this project we are trying to decrease the rate of death due to the lack of timely medication during a situation of a heart attack. As we all know the risk of having a heart attack is more now a day’s due to mental stress in daily life. But at the time of a heart attack, if the patient gets the prescribed medicine in time, then the death of the patient can be avoided. So, we have designed a watch which will regularly monitor the heart rate of the person wearing it and then according to the rate of heart beat it will calculate whether the heartbeat of the patient is normal or not. Because in both the case of low heart beat and high heart rate can cause a heart failure. A bradycardia is a condition in which the heart rate is too low, and a tachycardia is a condition in which the heart rate is too high. Thesetwo situations may potentially result in a heart attack or heart failure. The model we created will monitor the heart rate on a regular basis, and if the person's heart rate becomes too high, it will have the prescribed prescription stored in two compartments of the smartwatch. This may aid in the early treatment of the patient and maybe save many lives.