Exploitation Rate Research Articles

Length-based growth, mortality, and biological reference points of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Lacepède, 1803) from the Yeji arm of Lake Volta, Ghana

Individuals of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from Lake Volta, Ghana (West Africa), were examined between January and December 2020 for growth, mortality, and exploitation rate using total length measurement. Monthly length-frequency data were collected from 244 samples and analysed using the FiSAT II Tool. The estimated asymptotic total length (L∞), the coefficient of growth (K), and the calculated growth performance index (phi) were 27.3 cm, 0.57, and 2.63 pear year, respectively. The total mortality rate (Z), natural mortality rate (M), and fishing mortality rate (F) were 1.57, 0.92, and 0.66 pear year, respectively. The exploitation rate (E = 0.42) was below the optimum level of 0.5, which indicates that the species is underexploited. Based on the Emsy (0.56) value, analyses show that the exploitation rate is below the sustainable limit, hence the need for continuous monitoring of fishing efforts to ensure that the limit reference point is not exceeded.

Length-Weight Relationship and Population Dynamics of Fringescale Sardinella Sardinella fimbriata (Clupeiformes, Clupeidae) from Malampaya Sound, Palawan, Philippines

The study investigated the growth, mortality, exploitation rate and recruitment of Fringescale sardinella (Sardinella fimbriata Valenciennes, 1847) found in Malampaya Sound, Palawan, Philippines. A total of 1200 samples were collected from April 2023 to March 2024. The relationship between length and weight was expressed as y = 0.0291 x 2.561 for combined sex, y = 0.0404 x 2.4254 for males, and y = 0.0355 x 2.4856 for females. The resulting b values pinpoint to a negative allometric growth. The calculated regression model showed a significant association during which the p-values were below 0.0000 and the r2 values ranged between 0.76 and 0.79. Estimation using the FISAT II software resulted in an asymptotic length (L∞) = 16.28 cm, growth rate (K) = 0.68 yr-1, maximum length (Lmax) = 15.78 cm, theoretical age at birth (t0) = –0.5515 years and growth performance index (ɸ’) = 2.256. The estimated average total mortality rate (Z), natural mortality (M), and fishing mortality (F) were 2.69, 1.68, and 1.01 per year, respectively. Recruitment occurs throughout the year and peaks in June. It can be noted that the exploitation is calculated as 0.38, which is considered lightly exploited. To have a sustainable population and avoid overfishing, an optimum total yield (E50) can be set at an exploitation rate of 0.278. The maximum yield (Emax) is at an exploitation rate of 0.421.

Population Dynamics of Indian Makerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) in Northern Bone Bay Waters, Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the parameters of Rastralliger kanagurta population dynamics in the waters of Northern Bone Bay. To analyze the parameters of population dynamics, measurements were made of the total length of the sample fish in centimeters. The research was conducted in March – September 2022 at the Palopo City Pontap Fish Landing Site. Sampling is carried out every two weeks. The results of the growth parameter analysis obtained each value of growth coefficient = 0.84 per year, asymptotic length = 30.5 cm and to = -0.189 years. Furthermore, for mortality parameters, natural mortality was obtained at 1.64 per year, capture mortality = 2.47 per year, and total mortality at 4.11 peryear and exploitation rate at 0.6%. The results show that the growth rate of Rastralliger kanagurta is very high and can reach maximum length at a relative age of 15 years. Mortality parameters show that Rastralliger kanagurta mortality in northern Bone Bay waters is higher from fishing than natural mortality. The exploitation Rastralliger kanagurta in the waters of northern Bone Bay is 60% greater than the maximum exploitation rate of 50%. Based on the results of this study, management of fishery resources is needed so that the population is not disturbed.

Population Dynamics and Sustainable Management of the Blue Runner Caranx crysos (Mitchill,1815) within Côte d’Ivoire’s Coastal Waters

Background and objectives: The blue runner Caranx crysos is exploited by artisanal marine fisheries but the knowledge on its population dynamic, is still sketchy. The present work was conducted to obtain information on population parameters and assess the stock of the species within Côte d’Ivoire’s coastal waters.
 Methodology: Fish were caught using gill nets in several sampling sites and then measured to the nearest mm and weighted to the nearest g. Data on fish length measurement were recorded during the period from April 2022 to May 2023, followed by the analysis of the recorded values with FiSAT.
 Results: The asymptotic length (L∞), the growth rate (K), the growth performance index (Ø'), the theoretical age (t0) and the maximum age (Tmax) obtained from length frequency data were 38.85 cm, 0.70 per year, 3.02, -0.12 year and 4.18 year respectively. From the study the total mortality rate (Z) estimated was 2.33 year-1, the natural mortality rate (M) was 1.75 year-1 and fishing mortality (F) was 0.58 year-1. The current level of the exploitation rate (E) and the maximum exploitation rate (E max) were estimated as 0.25 and 0.42 respectively indicating a low exploitation of Caranx crysos within Côte d’Ivoire’s coastal waters.
 Conclusion: Although Caranx crysos was underfished, fishing effort must be carefully monitored as well as a policy of adherence to conventional mesh sizes for responsible management of the fishery.

Assessment of the age and growth of three fin fish species from a tropical estuary (Cochin, west coast of India)

Data on three fin fish species were collected from the Cochin estuary (part of the Vembanad–Kol wetland system, India) from January 2018 to December 2019. The present study presents the first comprehensive results on fisheries demographics within this estuary, based on length-frequency data, to calculate vital demographic dynamic factors and estimate the stock of the commercially important three fin fish species. A variety of evaluations were conducted using the FiSAT II program. Caranx heberi had an asymptotic length (L) of 304.5 mm and a growth constant (K) of 1.1 year-1, while Etroplus suratensis had an asymptotic length (L) of 158.55 mm as well as a growth constant (K) of 1.1 year-1. For all the species studied, the age at zero-length (t0) had been calculated and varied from −0.04 to −0.14. Oreochromis mossambicus had longevity (tmax) of 4.76 yr and a growth performance index (ɸ) of 4.51, whereas E. suratensis had 2.72 and 4.44. E. suratensis had overall mortality (Z), natural mortality (M), and fishing mortality (F) of 2.93, 1.2 and 1.73 year-1, respectively, while C. heberi had 1.42, 1, and 0.42 year-1. The present exploitation level is greater than the optimum exploitation rate, according to the relative yield per recruit (Y/R) study, indicating over-exploitation of two examined finfish species and moderate exploitation for one species. Management measures such as mesh size limitations, restricted fishing efforts, and the proclamation of restricted seasons are required to save these species from extinction.

POPULATION PARAMETERS OF BLUE SWIMMING CRAB PORTUNUS PELAGICUS IN THE TIWORO STRAIT, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI

The blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) has a wide distribution in the fishing ground waters for fishermen's activity in the Tiworo Strait. The coastal area of Tiworo Strait has quite a lot of crab potential. Therefore, it is used as one of the pilot locations for sustainable crab management projects of the Indonesian Blue Swimming Crab Association (APRI). Growth, total mortality, natural death, fishing mortality, and the exploitation rate were the population parameters of crabs that need to be known so that management can be carried out in a sustainable manner of fisheries. A study on the population parameters of crabs has been conducted in the Tiworo Strait, based on carapace width frequencies data collected from Juli to December 2021 and analyzed using FISAT (FAO-Iclarm Stock Assessment Tool) II. The total sample is 7,809 samples, where the number of male blue swimming crabs is 3,295 samples and 4,514 females. The average size of the blue swimming crab carapace width caught was 107.57 mm for males and 110.65 mm for females. The results of the study showed that the growth rate (K) was 1.01/year, the total mortality rate (Z) was 0.67/year, the natural death rate (M) was 1.25/year, and the fishing mortality rate was 0.58/year. The exploitation rate (E) of blue swimming crab was 0.86, which showed symptoms of over–exploitation, so the management of crabs in these waters must be carried out more carefully to sustain the availability of crab resource stocks. 
 Keywords: blue swimming crab, width, weight, Tiworo Strait

POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE THREE-SPOT SWIMMING CRAB (PORTUNUS SANGUINOLENTUS) IN PATI WATERS, CENTRAL JAVA

Currently, Portunus sanguinolentus is one of the fishery commodities that has experienced a decline in population due to exploitation pressures and habitat or environmental damage. This has an impact on changes in the population structure and reproductive strategy of P. sanguinolentus, with parameters that can change, among others, the size of the first gonad becoming smaller, changes in spawning areas and seasons, and changes in the balance of the sex ratio. This study aims to determine the population dynamics of P. sanguinolentus in Pati Regency, Central Java, and whether it is useful for the processing industry to make a new product. Data and information were obtained through observation, interviews, and enumeration, which were carried out at each fish landing site. Collecting data from catches in fishing areas below 12 miles with a maximum depth of 15 m for 5 months. The FISAT II software was used to analyze the growth parameters, mortality rate, and exploitation rate. Obtained weight data of 7.72 kg with a total sample of 107 ind. Detailed data were obtained for 46 females with an average width of 106.24 mm and 61 males with a width of 103.95 mm, and the average weight of the entire sample was 74.26 g.

FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING AND WEALTH LOSS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH EARLY MEMORY LOSS: THE WALLET STUDY

Abstract Angisani and Lee (2019) used the HRS to determine that wealth loss was related to early memory loss. Using methods described elsewhere (Lichtenberg et al., 2022), we investigated personal finance behaviors and wealth loss. using 12 months of checking account statements and follow up interviews with 114 older adults; 67 of whom had self-reported cognitive impairment (CI), and two-thirds of who were African American. Participants were largely recruited from research registries with the Michigan ADRC and the Michigan Center for Urban African American Aging Research. Mean age was 72 years mean education was 15 years, and 70% of the sample were women. There were no differences between the group on demographic variables, financial literacy (3-item Lusardi and Mitchell scale) or annual income. Bivariate analyses (t tests) indicated that those with CI were significantly more likely to suffer wealth loss across the 12 month period. Those with CI had significantly poorer scores on a person-centered financial decision making scale, and reported significantly lower IADL skills. In addition, those with CI were more likely to financially helping others on a regular basis, and reported a higher rate of financial exploitation. Correlations between wealth loss and CI (r=.22; p<.05), decision-making (r=.54; p<.05) and helping others on a regular basis (r=.51; p<.05). A logistic regression predicting wealth loss resulted in two measures significantly predicting wealth loss; financial decision-making and helping someone else financially on a regular basis. Conclusions: (1) early CI is related to wealth loss and (2) decision-making intersects with wealth loss.

Spatio-temporal Distribution and Population Dynamics of the Red Mullet Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 from the South-east Black Sea

A total of 2930 Mullus barbatus individuals collected from the Southeastern Black Sea coast between March 2017 and April 2018 were investigated regarding growth, mortality rates and the distribution determined by depth and season. M. barbatus is abundant along of 30-45 m depth in winter. Total length-weight relationship was determined as W=0.005L3.2344. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters for all individuals were calculated as L∞=28.19 cm, K=0.16 years-1, t0=-0.144 years. The maximum age was 5 years. The total length at 50% maturity was estimated as 11.63 cm in males and 11.68 cm in females. Exponential coefficients of natural mortality, total mortality, and fishing mortality rate of red mullet are estimated as 0.33 year-1, 1.001 year-1 and 0.67 year-1, respectively. The exploitation rate of population was calculated as 0.66 year-1. The fact that exploitation rate is above 0.5 may reflect a high fishing pressure on stock.

Assessing the Fishing Impact on the Marine Ecosystem of Guishan Island in the Northeastern Waters of Taiwan Using Ecopath and Ecosim

The northeastern waters of Guishan Island constitute one of the crucial fishing grounds for coastal trawl fishery in Taiwan and have been exploited for many decades. To construct the marine ecosystem and to examine the interactions among trophic levels of fisheries resources in the waters of Guishan Island, historical catch, catch composition, biological information, fishing effort, environmental data such as sea surface temperature, salinity, and nutrients were analyzed using Ecopath with Ecosim. The results indicated that the longline and drift net fisheries have a very minor incidental catch of cetaceans, with a fishing mortality (F) of 0.01 year−1 and an exploitation rate (E) of 0.03. The F and E were 0.308 year−1 and 0.617 for small skates and rays, and were 0.261 year−1 and 0.580, respectively, for small sharks. The F and E of the dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurus, an important pelagic species, were 0.411 year−1 and 0.245, respectively. Fisheries had negative impact on major commercial species except the dolphinfish and the oil fish, Lepidocybium spp., which benefited from the reduction of their predators or competitors. The keystone species of the Guishan Island marine ecosystem is phytoplankton, which has the lowest trophic level and great biomass, and is an important energy source of the ecosystem. The influences of zooplankton and anchovy rank as second and third, respectively, with regard to the keystone species in the ecosystem due to their great biomass. Regarding the biomass of less abundant species, carangids had the highest influence followed by hairtail due to their feeding habits. The results of simulations using Ecosim indicated that the hairtail, small sharks, skates and rays, mackerels, and marine eels will benefit if fishing efforts are reduced by 30%. On the other hand, the biomass of phytoplankton, zooplankton, demersal benthivores, and shrimps will decrease due to the increase in the biomass of their predators.

Bivalvia Community Structure in The Poton Bako Beach Area, Jerowaru, East Lombok

The bivalvia class is a class within mollusca that includes all types of shellfish that have a pair of shells. The aim of this research is to determine the structure of the bivalve community in the coastal waters of Poton Bako, East Lombok. This research was conducted on the coast of Poton Bako, Jerowaru, East Lombok. This research uses a proportional sampling method with quadratic transects. This research variable includes type and bivalves. In this study, 275 individuals of bivalve species were found. The research results show that the ecological condition of Poton Bako is in the relatively good category because the level of Bivalvia diversity is moderate at 1.38 with a high evenness index of 0.60 and a low dominance index of 1.13. In this research, it is necessary to carry out further research regarding distribution patterns, exploitation rates, characteristics of pemadak, and conservation efforts.

Was Marx right? Development and exploitation in 43 countries, 2000–2014

We assess Marx's hypotheses about capitalist development on a global scale by constructing a new dataset of Marxist variables (profit rates, exploitation rates, composition of capital, and shares of productive activity) for 43 major economies, derived from world input-output data and national accounts in the 2000–2014 period. Consistent with Marx's hypotheses, the average profit rate declines at the world level, between countries, and within countries. The global rate of exploitation increases until 2008 but stagnates after the financial crisis, while capital intensity continued to increase. At the cross-country level, rich countries became increasingly dominated by unproductive activity. China absorbed much of the world's productive activity and kept the labor share of value added roughly constant at the world level.

To pool or not to pool data? Applying a generalized depletion model to assess American eel elver Anguilla rostrata fisheries from multiple rivers in Nova Scotia, Canada

AbstractSpatial scales are important for examining health of exploited fishery stocks and guiding management actions. However, information about the optimal spatial scale is still unclear for assessment of transit fisheries, such as elver fisheries of the American eel Anguilla rostrata. We applied a generalized depletion model to assess catch and effort data from three nearby rivers (within 50 km) to test the hypothesis that modeling on pooled and separate data from nearby rivers would give similar estimates of abundance and exploitation rate. Overall, pooling data from rivers within 50 km did not result in large differences (<20% in relative difference) in estimates of abundance and exploitation rate with close mean abundance estimates and similar temporal trends in abundance, exploitation rate, and relative escapement. Pooling nearby river systems can greatly reduce modeling effort, at the cost of ignoring fine‐scale variability in elver recruitment and having coarser spatial scale for the management. When only an index of annual recruitment and exploitation rate are of interest, pooling data may be practical from different locations up to 50 km.

Analysing crisis situations of seedlings and crisis conditions in palmyra palm stands in Burkina Faso

The regeneration system of Borassus aethiopum in Burkina Faso is the subject of several hypotheses. However, it is challenging to implement appropriate conservation strategies due to the lack of usage of bioeconomic approaches to support this or that perspective. The objective of this study is to settle this debate by assessing the status of palm tree stands using a bioeconomic model based on a dynamic equilibrium price. The data used in the study was gathered from thirty farming households in the study area in 2010, 2015, and 2020, as well as from monitoring thirty farm sites. The results show that, on average, there is an equilibrium between the rate of harvesting and the rate of regeneration of the palmyra palm. Nonetheless, market prices do not reflect the species' value, as they are between 28% and 166% below their implicit level. To ensure a proportionality coefficient between the equilibrium price and the resource constraint, a dynamic Pigouvian tax should be applied, taking into account the gap, the rate of exploitation, and regeneration.

Resource differences in the populations of Protosalanx chinensis between Dalong Lake and Amuta Lake in Daqing, Northeast China

The population structure of Protosalanx chinensis is affected by a variety of factors, including water environment, intraspecific differentiation, interspecific competition and commercial fishing. To investigate the growth performance and the current status of resource utilization of P. chinensis in two important fish farming grounds (Dalong Lake and Amuta Lake) in Daqing, Northeast China, we collected 1513 P. chinensis samples from April to December 2018 for measurement and recording the basic biological characteristics. We estimated the parameters including population growth, mortality and exploitation using Von Bertalanffy growth formula, Beverton-Holt model, Pauly's empirical formula and length-based Bayesian biomass estimation method. The results showed that the asymptotic body lengths of Dalong Lake (n=660) and Amuta Lake (n=853) populations were 183.75 and 169.10 mm, respectively. The growth performance indices were both 4.85, and the body mass growth equations were Wt=29.29×(1-e-2.1(t+0.07))3.2977 and Wt=28.72×(1-e-2.5(t+0.07))3.4168, respectively. The ages at inflection were 0.49 a and 0.43 a, and the condition factors were 5.30×10-4±1.38×10-4 and 4.00×10-4±1.61×10-4. The exploitation rates were 0.60 and 0.61, and the relative catch per unit of supplementation were 0.069 and 0.075, respectively. The current differences in population resources between Dalong Lake and Amuta Lake in Daqing were mainly manifested in the parameters related to growth characteristics. The main reason for such differences was changes in the survival conditions of P. chinensis populations after the period of dietary transition induced by the density differences.

Comparisons of Walleye Fecundity Before, During, and After Rehabilitation of the Red Lakes Fishery

Abstract The Red Lakes, Minnesota supported a substantial Walleye Sander vitreus fishery from the early to mid-20th century but experienced a major crash in the late 1990s. The population has since rebounded after a successful interagency recovery program and now supports valuable commercial and recreational fisheries. The variation in population densities associated with the collapse and subsequent recovery in the Red Lakes Walleye population provides a rare opportunity to study potential changes in relative fecundity (eggs/kg of body mass) under varying rates of exploitation: overexploited (1989 data), recovering (2004 data), and recovered (2017 data). We collected female Walleye in spring of 1989 (n = 30) from the Blackduck and Tamarac rivers and in spring of 2004 (n = 30) and 2017 (n = 30) from the Tamarac River. Results indicate that relative fecundity was significantly lower in 2017 (50,768, SD = 10,266) than in 1989 (58,216, SD = 6,211) and 2004 (61,964, SD = 7,472). We hypothesize that differences in relative fecundity among fishery states were due to differences in Walleye population abundances caused by varying exploitation rates in the years leading up to fecundity estimates.

Study on the pore evolution of Xinjiang oil shale under pyrolysis based on joint characterization of LNTA and MIP

During the in-situ exploitation of oil shale, the evolution of pore structure will affect the heat transfer medium and the transport capacity of products. In this study, using the oil shale from Jimsar region of Xinjiang, in combination with the low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiment (LNTA) and high-pressure mercury injection experiment (MIP), the effect of temperature on evolution law of its pores during pyrolysis were analyzed according to the LNTA and MIP joint characterization results. The results show as follows: the change curve of oil shale porosity with pyrolysis final temperature in Xinjiang shows an “S” shape. The pore volume increases slightly before 300 °C, and it shows an increasing trend in the subsequent temperature range, with the mesopore volume change being the most noticeable. However, the increase slows down after 600 °C. The evolution of full-scale pores in the pyrolysis process of oil shale is reflected by the joint characterization of LNTA and MIP, which indicates that the temperature has a controlling effect on the evolution of pore, and provides basic theoretical support for how to improve the oil recovery rate of exploitation of oil shale.

Biological aspect approach in sustainable management of coral catshark Atelomycterus marmoratus (Anonymous [Bennett], 1830) in Bali Strait, Indonesia

Abstract. Lelono TD, Bintoro G, Harlyan LI, Setyanto A, Rihmi MK, Rudianto D. 2023. Biological aspect approach in sustainable management of coral catshark Atelomycterus marmoratus (Anonymous [Bennett], 1830) in Bali Strait, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5873-5882. Coral catshark (Atelomycterus marmoratus) is a shark species that thrives in many coral reefs. to evaluate the biological aspects of A. marmoratus and their type of growth curve for a time series to support their sustainability. Sampling was performed from August 23rd, 2019, to March 31st, 2020. The morphological analysis was performed by recording or photographing to reduce possible errors. Then, the length-weight relationship, sex ratio, length at first captured and matured, and spawning ratio were evaluated. The present study demonstrated that the coral catshark captured in the cohort that produces two cohorts only happens in February. The sex ratio is 41.6% male and 48.4% female, which is considered healthy, whereas the remaining percentage is so severely damaged that its gender cannot be determined. The FISAT-II software analysis results in a von Bertalanffy growth formula of Lt = 76.21 (1-e-2.01(t+0.0596)) with t max = 1.49/ year and L max = 77.39 cm. They grow steadily or tend to slow down after they reach the age of 1.5 years, with an asymptotic length of 77.39 cm. The Lc value (67.5 cm) is more significant than their Lm value (53 cm), indicating that their sustainability is highly possible to maintain because only fish that have passed the spawning stage are captivated. The spawning potential rate (SPR) is 35%, with M = 0.66, E = 1.85, and F = 0.78. These results indicate that the exploitation rate of coral catshark is moderate because 20% < SPR < 40%. In conclusion, the A. marmoratus length-weight relationship is categorized as negative allometric, where the length grows faster than the weight.

First report on population dynamics and stock status of Badis badis in a wetland ecosystem (NW Bangladesh): Insights from new recorded maximum length

Badis badis (Hamilton, 1822) is a popular ornamental fish species in the world. This study provides valuable insights into some biological indices of B. badis using a sample of 293 individuals. These individuals were captured from June 2021 to May 2022 using several traditional fish harvesting gears and traps in the Babu Mondoler beel, a wetland ecosystem in NW Bangladesh. Biometric data were collected for each individual, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of this species. The recorded results revealed a wide range of total length (TL), varying from 2.30 to 11.33 cm. Notably, we observed a maximum length of 11.33 cm TL and a maximum body weight (BW) of 18.18 g, ranging from 0.20 to 18.18 g, setting a new record and showcasing the diversity in size within the population. The estimated allometric coefficient (b) showed that combined sexes had negative allometric growth (b = 2.67). Growth parameters were assessed as L∞ = 11.93 cm, K = 0.95 year−1 and Ø′ = 2.13. The tmax was 3.16 years. The Lm was measured at 7.02 cm TL and tm = 0.89 year. In this study, KF (1.4240 ± 0.3194) was best for the wellbeing of B. badis in the study area. The a3.0 was estimated at 0.0079 and the relative weight WR (100.90 ± 16.994). Physiological status showed that maximum fatty fish were observed at 10.00–12.00 cm TL; lowest at 4.0–6.00 cm TL. Moreover, the Z, Mw, F and E were estimated to be 3.29 year−1, 1.45 year−1, 1.84 year−1and 0.56, respectively. Additionally, the Lopt for this species was found to be 7.91 cm TL. The findings from this study hold great potential for enhancing the assessment and management of the specimen in the study area and its ecological community. These valuable insights into the population parameters, growth patterns, and exploitation rates of B. badis can inform future management strategies, ensuring the sustainable utilization of this fishery resource in Bangladesh and others neighboring countries.

Stock Status of a Few Small Indigenous Fish Species Exploited in the River Ganga, India

The River Ganga produces a substantial amount of its fish from small native species, defined here as those with a maximum length of 25 cm. The FiSAT program was utilized to estimate stock assessments of four important small indigenous species from the River Ganga: Johnius coitor, Cabdio morar, Salmostoma bacaila, and Gudusia chapra. Fish samples were collected monthly for a year (April 2020–May 2021) from four predetermined sampling sites along the River Ganga (Farakka, Berhampore, Balagarh, and Tribeni) in West Bengal, India. The estimated exploitation rate for Johnius coitor, Salmostoma bacaila, and Gudusia chapra was relatively lower than the optimum level of 0.5 and considerably lower than Emax values, indicating that their stocks are experiencing low fishing pressure in the region. The FiSAT results indicated that the species Cabdio morar was found to be heavily exploited. The total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M), and fishing mortality (F) rates for all four of the SIF species were examined, and they were contrasted with data from previous studies. On the lower stretch of the River Ganga, all of the fish stocks are optimally exploited (Eopt), except for the species Cabdio morar. The population dynamics of all of the species have been described for the first time on the lower stretch of the River Ganga. According to the findings, all of the fish stocks throughout the lower stretch of River Ganga are optimally exploited (Eopt), except for Cabdio morar. The study also emphasizes the importance of increasing sustainable fishing efforts, focusing on SIFs throughout the lower stretch of the River Ganga in order to safeguard the livelihood and nutritional status of fishermen.