Rate Of Consolidation Research Articles

Influence of type of drainage boundary on coefficient of horizontal consolidation

Vertical drains are used widely to accelerate the consolidation of soft clay deposits when preloading is used as a ground improvement technique. One of the essential input parameters required in Barron's theory is the coefficient of horizontal consolidation, ch. The values of ch can be determined by the radial consolidation test, using either a central sand drain or a porous plastic peripheral drain. This paper presents the laboratory tests carried out to understand the reason for the difference in values of ch determined from inward and outward radial flow consolidations tests. A 150 mm wide instrumented consolidation cell was used to carry out the inward or outward radial consolidation tests. The total stress measurements during consolidation showed non-uniform stress distribution in clay with higher effective stress values close to the drainage boundary. This stiffening of the clay close to the drain retards the consolidation rate resulting in reduced values of ch. As a result, the ch values determined by radially outward consolidation tests with a larger drainage boundary area are lower to those obtained by inward radial flow tests. The pore water pressure measurements showed significantly higher undissipated pore water pressure away from the drainage boundary for the outward flow tests.

In search of the ideal periosteal flap for bone non-union: The chimeric fibula-periosteal flap

Ten patients underwent fibula-periosteal chimeric flaps (2016-2022) at the Canniesburn Plastic Surgery Unit, UK. Preceding non-union 18.6 months, with mean bone gap of 7.5cm. Patients underwent preoperative CT angiography to identify the periosteal branches. A case-control approach was used. Patients acted as their own controls, with one osteotomy covered by the chimeric periosteal flap and one without, although in two patients both the osteotomies were covered using a long periosteal flap. A chimeric periosteal flap was used in 12 of the 20 osteotomy sites. Periosteal flap osteotomies had a primary union rate of 100% (11/11) versus those without flaps at 28.6% (2/7) (p=0.0025). Union occurred in the chimeric periosteal flaps at 8.5 months versus 16.75 months in the control group (p=0.023). One case was excluded from primary analysis due to recurrent mycetoma. The number needed to treat =2, indicating that 2 patients would require a chimeric periosteal flap to avoid one non-union. Survival curves with a hazard ratio of 4.1 were observed, equating to a 4 times higher chance of union with periosteal flaps (log-rank p=0.0016). The chimeric fibula-periosteal flap may increase the consolidation rates in difficult cases of recalcitrant non-union. This elegant modification of the fibula flap uses periosteum that is normally discarded, and this adds to the accumulating data supporting the use of vascularised periosteal flaps in non-union.

Consolidation by Vertical Drains Considering the Rheological Characteristics of Soil under Depth and Time-Dependent Loading

Vertical drains have been widely used in soil improvement projects to accelerate consolidation and improve the strength of soft soil. Previous consolidation models are mainly based on instantaneous loading, which cannot reflect the actual time-variable loading condition. This paper presents a set of analytical solutions for consolidation with vertical drains under depth and time-dependent loading, involving one-step loading, multi-step loading, and cyclic loading. A four-element model, which is a combination of the Merchant model and Maxwell model, is introduced to consider the rheological characteristics of the soil. By simulating the results of a consolidation test, it is found that the four-element model is more accurate than the Merchant model in predicting the changes in pore pressure and settlement during the clay consolidation process. Based on the solutions obtained, several factors affecting consolidation behavior are investigated. It has been shown that the rheological behavior becomes more and more obvious at the later stage of consolidation with the decrease both in the modulus of the spring in the Kelvin body and the viscosity coefficient of the independent dashpot. With the increase in the viscosity coefficient of the dashpot in the Kelvin body, the rate of consolidation becomes faster at an initial stage but slower at a later stage. For cyclic loading, the consolidation degree in each cycle reaches a maximum at the end of unloading and reaches a minimum at the beginning of the loading.

Analytical Solutions for One-Dimensional Large-Strain Nonlinear Consolidation of Soft Soils by Considering a Time-Dependent Drainage Boundary

Over the past decades, many advances have occurred for theories on large-strain nonlinear consolidation of soft soils with regard to traditional drainage boundaries, which are completely permeable and impermeable cases and which may not truly reflect the whole process of drainage boundary. Thus, some further considerations related to a time-dependent drainage boundary are adopted in the analysis of soft soil consolidation by incorporating biologarithmic compressibility and permeability models. Also, the analytical solutions are obtained by means of variable substitution and Laplace transform. Additionally, the proposed solution is degenerated and compared with the existing solution and the laboratory tests to validate its correctness and feasibility. Finally, the soil consolidation behavior is analyzed under different values of the interface parameter, nonlinear compressibility and permeability, and external loading. The results indicate that the drainage boundary permeability is largely determined by the interface parameter; the larger the interface parameter, the better the boundary permeability. Besides, the consolidation rate decreases with the increasing value of Ic(α − 2) when the external loading remains constant. While the parameter Ic(α − 2) is a constant value, the consolidation rate varies with the external loading. Therefore, appropriate parameter values are more conducive to the full consolidation of soft soil foundations.

Semianalytical Solution for Consolidation of Reclaimed Land with Horizontal Drains

In land reclamation projects, the scheme of dredged clays with a multiplicity of horizontal drains is often adopted to shorten the vertical drainage path for seepage flow of pore water, but studies of consolidation theory on layered clay–sand reclamation are relatively inadequate. In this investigation, a novel semianalytical solution is obtained, applying the boundary transform technique based on the plane-strain consolidation theory. The correctness of the presented solution is investigated by comparing against results obtained from finite-element analyses and field tests. Subsequently, a detailed parametric analysis is conducted to explain how the consolidation efficiency is affected by geometric and physical parameters of soft soils and horizontal drains. It is revealed that the rate of consolidation increases with the horizontal permeability of dredged clay but decreases with the width of reclaimed land. For the effect of horizontal drains, the consolidation efficiency increases with the thickness, horizontal permeability coefficient, and layout number. Moreover, the optimal design method of layered horizontal drains is described in detail, and a figure considering the optimal thickness, layout number, and position of horizontal drains is provided as theoretical guidance for use in design.

Comparative effectiveness of three treatment options for slade and dodds grade III-IV scaphoid nonunion: a retrospective study

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical efficacy of open debridement screw fixation combined with bone grafting, percutaneous screw fixation, and percutaneous screw fixation combined with injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the treatment of Slade and Dodds Grade III to IV scaphoid nonunion (SNU).MethodsThis retrospective study included patients with Grade III (25 patients) and Grade IV (28 patients) SNU. They were treated with open surgery bone grafting and internal fixation (group A), percutaneous screw fixation (group B) or percutaneous screw fixation and PRP injection (group C) from January 2015 to May 2020. The fracture consolidation rate, VAS score, and Mayo wrist function score were compared across the three groups.ResultsThe consolidation rate was not significantly different among the three groups for both Grade III and IV SNU. However, patients in group C reported significantly less pain and better wrist function 7 days after surgery compared to group A and B, for both nonunion grades. At 3 months after surgery, group C had significantly better VAS and Mayo wrist scores compared to group A for both nonunion grades, and compared to group B for Grade IV SNU. At 6 and 12 months after surgery, patients with Grade IV SNU in groups A and C had significantly better VAS and Mayo wrist scores compared to group B.ConclusionThis study suggests that percutaneous screw fixation with PRP injection could be a more effective method for treating Grade IV SNU. This approach may reduce postoperative wrist pain and improve wrist function in the early stages after surgery for patients with both Grade III and IV SNU.Type of study/level of evidenceIV.

An analytical solution for consolidation of soils with stone columns and vertical drains by considering the deformation of stone columns

The composite foundation reinforced by stone columns and vertical drains is widely used in various projects. However, available calculation methods for such consolidation are rarely reported in the literature. Firstly, a set of basic equations are proposed to describe the seepage relations among stone columns, vertical drains, and soft soils in this study. Then, the governing consolidation equation, in which the average total excess pore water pressure (EPWP) serves as a variable, is derived by considering the deformation of stone columns during consolidation under the assumption of equal strain conditions. Moreover, the analytical solution for the consolidation equation is obtained by the method of separation of variables, and its reliability is verified by degenerating into the solution for the consolidation of composite foundations reinforced by stone columns and comparing it with the field measurements. Finally, a parametric study is performed to investigate the consolidation behavior. The results show that the consolidation rate can be significantly increased by installing vertical drains between the stone columns compared to reducing the column spacing; for some composite foundations reinforced by stone columns with a high ratio of replacement, the deformation of columns during consolidation cannot be ignored; the smear effect caused by vertical drains can be ignored in such composite foundations.

Effect of Underreamed Pervious Concrete Columns on Load-Carrying Capacity of Loose Cohesionless Soils

Weak confinement governs the bulging failure of granular columns. Pervious concrete columns have granular columns like drainage with stiffness of concrete column are thus independent of the confinement from the weak surrounding soil can be treated as an alternative solution. Moreover, it is well established that under-reaming bulb enhances the bearing resistance to the pile shaft. Therefore, the present experimental and analytical study investigates circular pervious concrete column (CPCC) and under-reamed pervious concrete column (UPCC) in improving the bearing capacity of loose pond ash fill. CPCC and UPCC are constructed in a model pond ash fill subjected to vertical loading. The load-carrying capacity, settlement failure mechanism, and consolidation parameters were examined. Theoretical analysis for evaluating the load-carrying improvement factor (LCF) with nondimensional parametric variation of area replacement ratio (Ra), underreamed bulb ratio (Br), and length ratio of the column (RL) was also done. Efficacy of CPCC was also numerically studied (Plaxis 3D). Experimental results show that the vertical settlement is reduced by 52.8% with CPCC and UPCC. UPCC renders higher load-carrying capacity than CPCC. Both CPCC and UPCC undergo deformation at depth of 4D during failure. For the same area replacement ratio (Ra), the experimental and theoretically computed values are found in good agreement. The rate of consolidation is reduced from 53 to 23 days by using CPCC signifying its drainage potential.

Analytical Solutions for Radial Consolidation of Soft Ground Improved by Composite Piles Considering Time and Depth-Dependent Well Resistance

Composed of a stiffer core with gravel shell, composite pile is a new pile technology with a variety of shapes and sizes to improve soft soils. Compared with piles with single materials, composite ground improved by composite piles avoids some drawbacks with slow consolidation and limited increase in load bearing capacity. After converting unit cells with noncircular composite piles into cylindrical ones using an annular conversion method, based on an equal strain assumption and the hypothesis that water volumes flowing into and out of the gravel shell are equal, an analytical model is proposed to investigate consolidation characteristics of soft ground improved by composite piles. Furthermore, the hypothesis that the discharge capacity of the composite pile is exponentially decreased with time owing to clogging, and linearly varied with depth is employed in the derivation. In addition, detailed solutions subjected to an instantly applied load are obtained using a Bessel function, and the degeneration of this answer is calculated to verify its accuracy. Then, some comparisons between this method and previous studies including mathematical methods and a case are made to verify the feasibility and applicability of the presented solution. Finally, a parametric study is conducted to find detailed effects of time-dependent clogging and depth-dependent well resistance on consolidation. The results show that consolidation rate is proportional to B1, while it is negatively correlated with B2, α3, and H.

Analysis of One-Dimensional Consolidation for Double-Layered Soil with Non-Darcian Flow Based on Continuous Drainage Boundary

The boundary drainage performance controls the rate of pore water discharge in the soil and plays an important role in the prediction of soil consolidation and settlement. Based on a continuous drainage boundary that can reflect the change of boundary drainage performance with time, a one-dimensional consolidation model of double-layered soil considering non-Darcian flow is established. The finite-difference method and semianalytical method are used to solve the consolidation equation, and the reliability of the two methods is verified by comparing with existing solutions. Based on the proposed solution, the consolidation behaviors of the double-layered soil are explored in depth through a systematic parametric study. The results show that, if the time effect of drainage boundary and the influence of non-Darcian flow are ignored, the estimated consolidation rate is relatively fast in the whole consolidation stage. The non-Darcian flow has a greater influence on soil consolidation under the continuous drainage boundary condition compared with that under the traditional drainage boundary condition. The consolidation rate of the foundation can be improved by appropriately increasing the permeability of the underlying soil layer or decreasing the compressibility of the underlying soil layer.

Translated article] Comparative clinical and biomechanical study of different types of osteosynthesis in the treatment of distal femur fractures

Introduction and objectivesDistal femoral fractures represent a problem due to their high number of complications. The aim was to compare the results, complications and stability achieved with retrograde intramedullary nailing and the angular stable plate in the treatment of distal femoral diaphyseal fractures. Material and methodA clinical and experimental biomechanical study was carried out using finite elements. The results of the simulations allowed us to obtain the main results related to the stability of osteosynthesis. For clinical follow-up data, frequencies were used for qualitative variables, and Fisher's exact test and χ2 test were used to evaluate the significance of the different factors, with the condition of P<.05. ResultsIn the biomechanical study, the retrograde intramedullar nails demonstrated superiority, obtaining lower values in terms of global displacement, maximum tension, torsion resistance, and bending resistance. In the clinical study, the rate of consolidation of the plates was lower than nails (77% vs. 96%, P=.02). The factor that most influenced the healing of fractures treated with plate were the central cortical thickness (P=.019). The factor that most influenced the healing of nail-treated fractures was the difference between the diameter of the medullary canal and the nail. ConclusionsOur biomechanical study shows that both osteosynthesis provide sufficient stability, but biomechanically behaves differently. Nails provide greater overall stability being preferable the use of long nails adjusted to the diameter of the canal. Plates form less rigid osteosynthesis, with little resistance to bending.

Suitability analysis of vertically installed scoria gravel drains for enhancing consolidation performance of clayey ground

In alleviating challenges associated to long-lasting consolidation of clay, highly permeable materials such as sand and crushed aggregate are used as drain. Despite the fact that granular vertical drains are effective in shortening the prolonged consolidation period of clay, limited information exist regarding applicability of scoria gravel as vertical drain that no concisely documented information is observed in literatures. This study hence aimed at evaluating suitability of scoria gravel as vertical drain in perpetuating consolidation process of soft clay under road embankment. Finite element-based simulation was used to model the drains. To incorporate the effect of gradual load increment on consolidation rate, staged construction approach was employed. Various dimensions of scoria vertical drain (SVD) have been considered to investigate the effect of dimension parameters. Besides, comparison has been made between performances of SVD and crushed aggregate drains (CAD) in impacting the consolidation process. The numerical analysis result revealed that provision of group of SVD considerably accelerated consolidation rate. With increase in drain diameter, the consolidation rate goes increasing whereas it is inversely related to increase in drain spacing. For SVD installed at spacing of 2 m, diameter of 0.4 m and length of 8 m any arbitrary settlement magnitude is achieved 25 days earlier than the case without drain. No considerable difference was witnessed in performance of the square and triangular installation patterns though the consolidation rate remains slightly faster in the case of triangular installation. In speeding up consolidation rate, SVD was observed to perform slightly better than the CAD.

Analytical Solution for Consolidation Behaviors of Combined Composite Foundation Reinforced with Penetrated PCCSs and Floating DM Columns

As the composite pile, the precast concrete piles reinforced with cement-treated soil (PCCS) is formed by driving the precast cement (PC) pile into the deep mixing (DM) column, which has been successfully and widely utilized to support buildings and embankments over soft soil. To increase the pile spacing and give full play to the economic merits of the PCCS, a reinforcement scheme, which involves the combined use of rigid piles and flexible columns, employing penetrated PCCSs and floating DM columns is proposed and utilized for soft soil ground treatment. However, there is a lack of feasible method for consolidation behaviors of this combined composite foundation (CCF) reinforced with penetrated PCCSs and floating DM columns under flexible loads. This paper developed an analytical solution to predict the average consolidation degree of this CCF based on a cylinder consolidation model and double-layer ground consolidation theory. The excess pore pressure and average consolidation degree were calculated by considering the composite pile penetration into the cushion. The analytical method agrees well with results obtained by numerical analysis. Additionally, a parametric study was conducted systematically to analyze the effect of key influence factors on the average consolidation degree of this CCF. The results indicate that the consolidation rate of this CCF can be much faster than that of the natural ground. The consolidation rate strongly depends on the compressive modulus and area replacement ratio of PCCSs. The increasing inner core-outer core modulus ratio and the inner core-subsoil modulus ratio increase the consolidation rate of this CCF. In addition, the consolidation rate increases with the gravel cushion-subsoil modulus ratio, while it decreases with the loading period.

Comparison of different models for land consolidation projects: Aydin Yenipazar Plain

Reallocation of land is one of the most essential and challenging stages of land consolidation (LC) projects. In this study, the success of two different methods used in the reallocation phase was evaluated. One of these methods is interview-based reallocation, and the other is fuzzy logic-based reallocation method. The projects' success was determined by consolidation rate, number of enterprises, number of parcels per enterprise, average parcel size, and shareholding status of the parcels. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the project carried out by both methods was successful. Consolidation rate, number of enterprises, and average parcel size values give better results with the fuzzy logic method. The number of parcels per enterprise turned out to be equal (1) in both methods. It was found that the number of single shares in the shareholding status of the parcels is higher in the fuzzy logic method. It was also revealed that single share parcel areas are more in the interview-based distribution method. It is possible to say that the fuzzy logic method is more successful than the interview-based method.

Effect of clay with high water adsorption capacity on process of secondary consolidation of peat

Introduction. Primary consolidation of peat, underlying an embankment, is completed 3 to 5 years after its filling. It is followed by secondary consolidation, caused by removal of bound moisture from micropores. At this stage, the settlement rate depends on the degree of peat decomposition, temperature, content of various chemicals in the pore water, vibration effects, and other factors. To reduce the embankment deformation, caused by the secondary consolidation, peat is either modified by binding compounds, having filling agents, or other actions are taken to accelerate the settlement process for a short term and to decelerate it thereafter using temporary surcharge, electroosmosis and other actions.&#x0D; &#x0D; Materials and methods. The authors studied the effect of peat dehydration using clayey materials with high water adsorption capacity, such as bentonite and saponite waste generated by the diamond mining industry. 100 days oedometer tests were carried out. In the course of testing, vertical cylindrical elements, made of the above materials, were installed in the specimens. These cylindrical elements occupied about 10 % of the specimen volume.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results. Bentonite inclusions, formed without any peat extraction, had a powerful effect on development of deformations. Intensive dehydration of peat led to a 2–4 times increase in the coefficient of secondary consolidation сαε. Following 25 to 30 days of intensive settlement, the value of the cαε coefficient went down by an average of 1.5 times relative to its initial value. The effect of elements, made of saponite-containing waste, turned out to be different. The value of the cαε coefficient increased by 11 to 15 %, but 20 to 30 days later it went down by an average of 2 times relative to the initial value. Higher resistance of elements to vertical loading served as the factor preventing the development of settlement.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusions. Clay has a high water adsorption capacity, and its intrusion into peat results in accelerated water migration from micropores and boosts the rate of secondary consolidation. In addition to peat dehydration, secondary consolidation was accelerated by mechanical compaction in the process of adding clay into specimens followed by clay swelling.

Estudio comparativo clínico y biomecánico de distintos tipos de osteosíntesis en el tratamiento de fracturas distales de fémur

Introduction and objectivesDistal femoral fractures represent a problem due to their high number of complications. The aim was to compare the results, complications and stability achieved with retrograde intramedullary nailing and the angular stable plate in the treatment of distal femoral diaphyseal fractures. Material and methodA clinical and experimental biomechanical study was carried out using finite elements. The results of the simulations allowed us to obtain the main results related to the stability of osteosynthesis. For clinical follow-up data, frequencies were used for qualitative variables, and Fisher's exact test and χ2 test were used to evaluate the significance of the different factors, with the condition of P<.05. ResultsIn the biomechanical study, the retrograde intramedullar nails demonstrated superiority, obtaining lower values in terms of global displacement, maximum tension, torsion resistance, and bending resistance. In the clinical study, the rate of consolidation of the plates was lower than nails (77% vs. 96%, P=.02). The factor that most influenced the healing of fractures treated with plate were the central cortical thickness (P=.019). The factor that most influenced the healing of nail-treated fractures was the difference between the diameter of the medullary canal and the nail. ConclusionsOur biomechanical study shows that both osteosynthesis provide sufficient stability, but biomechanically behaves differently. Nails provide greater overall stability being preferable the use of long nails adjusted to the diameter of the canal. Plates form less rigid osteosynthesis, with little resistance to bending.

Consolidation Attributes and Deformation Response of Soft Clay Reinforced with Vertical Scoria Drains under Road Embankment

Application of vertical drains in soft clay soils is a common practice widely known to facilitate the consolidation rate. To overcome the adverse impact of a long-lasting consolidation process, highly permeable materials such as sand and crushed aggregates are used as drains. However, limited information exists regarding the applicability of scoria gravel as a vertical drain that no concisely documented information is observed in the literature. This study hence aimed at investigating suitability of scoria as a vertical drain in perpetuating the consolidation process of soft clay under highway embankment. Finite element-based numerical simulation was used to model the drain. The model was carried out by using 3D version of Plaxis software. In order to incorporate the effect of gradual load increment on the consolidation rate, the staged construction approach was employed. Both the square and triangular installation patterns were considered in the model in order to explore the critical effects of the drain installation pattern on the rate of consolidation. The numerical analysis also included varying dimensions of the vertical drain so as to investigate the effects of the dimension parameters of the vertically installed scoria drains. The conducted numerical analysis revealed that the rate of consolidation was considerably accelerated with provision of a group of scoria drains. With increase in the diameter of the drain, the consolidation rate increases, whereas the consolidation rate is inversely related to increase in drain spacing. For the drain installed at a spacing of 2 m, a diameter of 0.4 m, and a length of 8 m any arbitrary settlement magnitude is achieved 25 days earlier than the case without drains. Besides, incorporation of scoria drains lessens the pore pressure developed. The comparative analysis conducted on the effect of drain arrangement revealed that no considerable difference was witnessed in the performance of the square and triangular installation patterns even though the consolidation rate remains slightly faster in the case of the triangular installation pattern.

Experimental research on the influence of stratum permeability on the time-varying properties of active grout

In the construction of underground projects, the water-binder ratio is generally considered as one of the main factors affecting the cement-based backfill grouting performance. In addition, when the backfill grouting is consolidated in the formation. The difference in the permeability of the formation will affect the consolidation rate and consolidation drainage of the backfill grouting, resulting in changes in the water-binder ratio of the grout, which in turn affects the development of its performance after consolidation. However, it is difficult to simulate the consolidation and hardening process of backfill grouting in the formation with the current indoor test equipment. Therefore, the influence of the permeability difference of the stratum on the time-varying law of backfill grouting and consolidation is less studied. In this paper, the self-made consolidation test device is used to study the time-varying law of grout consolidation in different permeable formations, and the time-varying law of grout performance is studied by using the samples after consolidation. The results show that with the increase of formation permeability coefficient, the dissipation time of excess pore water pressure of grout decreases, and the volumetric strain increases. The grout consolidation rate is determined by the relative permeability coefficient between the grout and the formation, and the difference in consolidation causes changes in the moisture content of the grout after consolidation. The change of the ratio of bound water to free water affects the time-varying law of strength after consolidation.

Consolidation analysis around cavity expansion in presence of vertical drains

As a ground improvement technique, the new method composed by a cylindrical cavity expansion (CCE) combined with vertical drains (VD) greatly accelerates the consolidation of soft soil. In fact, the cylindrical cavity applies a radial displacement in the soil. Excess pore pressures will be consequently generated and the consolidation process will occur at the vicinity of the cavity wall. The dissipation of excess pore pressures can be enhanced in presence of VD installed at a radial distance rd from the center of the cylindrical cavity. Because of CCE installations in soft soil, surrounding soil properties are altered in such a manner that horizontal permeability of the soil in the smear zone reduces. The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the subsequent consolidation around CCE using the Finite Difference Method (FDM) by taking into account the CCE installation disturbance. Parametric analysis aimed to investigate the effect of the extent of the disturbed zone, the soil permeability reduction in the smear zone on the rate of consolidation around CCE.

Consolidation behavior of various types of slurry tailings co-disposed with waste rock inclusions: a numerical study

The co-disposition of mine tailings and waste rock in tailings storage facilities (TSFs) could contribute to increase the consolidation rate and decrease long-term settlement of tailings. Non-linear change of tailings properties during the filling process and interaction between tailings and waste rock inclusion (WRI) are critical to mechanical analysis but can, however, be complicated to simulate. The question of net volume gains or losses of tailings was also raised. In this study, fully coupled analysis which considered continuous variation of hydraulic conductivity and stiffness of tailings were performed to assess the evolution of consolidation of various tailings types in the presence of WRI. Effects of volume ratio of tailings over WRI on the net volume was investigated. Finally, effect of several practical aspects such as filling rates, and instantaneous filling assumption were considered. Results indicated that WRI could increase by 3.3 times the rate of consolidation of tailings. The zone of influence of WRI on tailings consolidation varied for each tailings. Using updated properties showed significant differences compared to models with constant values. The application of WRI can reduce volume available for the storage of tailings and net volumetric change due to settlement of the tailings with or without WRI could be estimated explicitly. Equations predicting evolution of net volume with the changes in the volume ratio of tailings and WRI were accordingly proposed. WRI effects were more pronounced with the increase of the filling rate. Finally, instantaneous filling assumption had little effect on the simulated rate of consolidation.