Rare Books Research Articles

Rare Editions of N. M. Karamzin’s Works in Novosibirsk Libraries

Lifetime and rare editions of works of great writers, researchers, public figures are of special cultural and historical value and enjoy the increased attention of the keepers of book collections and visitors of book museum exhibitions. The purpose of this article is to introduce into scientific circulation the rare copies of domestic and foreign editions of works of the historian and writer N. M. Karamzin (1766 – 1826), stored in the Novosibirsk State Regional Scientific Library (NSRSL) and the State Public Scientific and Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPSTL SB RAS). Among them are books from the library of the Kolyvan-Voskresensk mining plants, including those received there from personal collections of mining engineers, copies of the journal “Vestnik Evropy” for 1802-1803 from the collection of V. S. Mikhalkov, a volume of “History of the Russian State” used in one of the oldest educational institutions in Russia – the Smolensk Boys’ Gymnasium, a volume of a lifetime edition of the “History of the Russian State”, which belonged to the historian, archaeographer P. M. Stroev, the compiler of the “Key, or alphabetical index to the “History of the Russian State” by N. M. Karamzin”.Special attention should be paid to the first complete Russian-language edition of “On Ancient and New Russia in its Political and Civil Relations”, written in 1811, addressed directly to Emperor Alexander I and for censorship reasons first published only abroad, in Berlin, in 1861. A copy from the Department of Rare Books and manuscripts of the State Public Scientific Library of SB RAS is unique in that it contains proofreading notes of the historian A. N. Pypin. Relying on this copy of the Berlin edition of N. M. Karamzin’s work and consulting the handwritten copies of it which were at his disposal, he prepared the first complete publication of the text of this manifesto of Russian conservatism in Russia in 1900 as an appendix to his monograph “Social Movement in Russia under Alexander I”. A careful study of valuable publications from the collections of Novosibirsk libraries deepens our knowledge about the book culture of Siberia and, more broadly, about the history of Russian-language book culture, about the history of the formation of Novosibirsk book collections, demonstrates the continuity of these collections in relation to the outstanding book collections of the past.

The History of Bibliography in the Works of A.Yu. Samarin

The article discusses the issues of the history of Russian bibliography, researched by Doctor of Historical Sciences A.Yu. Samarin and presented in his scientific publications. Drawing different archival documents this researcher made a great contribution into studies of the activities of the prominent figures of the Russian bibliorgraphy: V.S. Sopikov, metropolitan Evgeny (Bolkhovitinov), N.F. Bokachev, N.P. Smirnov, P.K. Simoni, D.V. Ulyaninsky, N.Yu. Ulyaninsky, N.N. Orlov, M.N. Kufaev, P.N. Berkov, E.L. Nemirovsky, L.I. Fursenko as well as historians dealing with the problems of bibliography such as A.A. Novoselsky, B.F. Porshnev, S.S. Ilizarov and others. The works by A.Yu. Samarin also present a new look on the formation of mandatory copy system in Russia and the results of studying the bibliographic activities of the Russian State Library in the field of rare book.

Rarer Still

Pursuing professional development in special collections is hard for a paraprofessional, especially when many library schools offer limited instruction in special collections and inadequately prepare students for a professional position. When the "traditional" resources are underwhelming, it is important to know where to seek out knowledge, training, and professional connections. In this column, I explore my path in the field of rare books libraries, and offer advice for others who may be struggling to figure out their own path.

Multiscale analysis of Benjamin Franklin’s innovations in American paper money

Benjamin Franklin was a preeminent proponent of the new colonial and Continental paper monetary system in 18th-century America. He established a network of printers, designing and printing money notes at the same time. Franklin recognized the necessity of paper money in breaking American dependence on the British trading system, and he helped print Continental money to finance the American War of Independence. We use a unique combination of nondistractive, microdestructive, and advanced atomic-level imaging methods, including Raman, Infrared, electron energy loss spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, to analyze pre-Federal American paper money from the Rare Books and Special Collections of the Hesburgh Library at the University of Notre Dame. We investigate and compare the chemical compositions of the paper fibers, the inks, and fillers made of special crystals in the bills printed by Franklin's printing network, other colonial printers, and counterfeit money. Our results reveal previously unknown ways that Franklin developed to safeguard printed money notes against counterfeiting. Franklin used natural graphite pigments to print money and developed durable "money paper" with colored fibers and translucent muscovite fillers, along with his own unique designs of "nature-printed" patterns and paper watermarks. These features and inventions made pre-Federal American paper currency an archetype for developing paper money for centuries to come. Our multiscale analysis also provides essential information for the preservation of historical paper money.

Hyperbolic entropy of uncertain sets and its applications

As a powerful tool to model some unsharp concepts in real life, uncertain sets have been studied by more and more scholars. In order to characterize the degree of difficulty of uncertain sets, the hyperbolic entropy of an uncertain set and the hyperbolic relative entropy of uncertain sets are introduced in this paper. After that, this paper derived a key formula to calculate the hyperbolic entropy of an uncertain set via membership function, and some mathematical properties of hyperbolic entropy are also investigated in this paper. Finally, the hyperbolic entropy is applied in some research fields such as uncertain learning curve, clustering of rare books and portfolio selection of collecting rare books.

The Conceptual Model Establishment of the SSTL of Ukraine Electronic Library

The aim of the article is to analyze peculiarities and prerequisites for the creation of a full-system model of the electronic library of the State Scientific and Technical Library of Ukraine (SSTL of Ukraine), to study definite areas of forming the electronic library (EL) Concept of full-text scientific and scientific-technical information resources.
 Research methods are of scientific knowledge character – analytical-synthetic, structural-resource, statistical, content-analysis of theoretical-methodological approaches to the forming a conceptual apparatus and modern fund of electronic documents of SSTL of Ukraine.
 Scientific novelty consists in analytical study and grounding the specifics and prerequisites for the creation of a full-system model of the electronic library of the SSTL of Ukraine. Definite directions of forming the EL Concept of the State Scientific and Technical Library of Ukraine as a “road map” for project solutions realization with their further implementation were determined and justified.
 Main conclusions. The formation of a full-system model of the electronic library of the SSTL of Ukraine involves providing Internet users with a free and open access to the scientific and scientific-technical information resource space of the institution, and requires a comprehensive approach to the realization of solutions under implementation. In this sense, the “road map” is the theoretical and methodological development and grounding of the EL Concept. The introduction of a full-system EL conceptual model will enable the SSTL of Ukraine to ensure wider availability of documents, the provision of which to users is limited or complicated (rare books, dissertations, deposited manuscripts, archives); to organize a fund of documents that exists exclusively in electronic format, its cataloging and providing access to it; to provide the users with qualitatively new opportunities for working with large volumes of electronic data with a simultaneous performing the functions of an insurance fund for documents preservation.

The Library of Grand Duke Nikolai Konstantinovich Romanov: an Experience of Reconstruction Based on a Printed Catalog

This study aims to recreate the existence picture of the personal library of Grand Duke Nikolai Konstantinovich Romanov (1850—1918) in the Turkestan region, using the only known source — “The Catalog of Books Donated to the Turkestan Public Library by His Imperial Highness Grand Duke Nikolai Konstantinovich”. “The Catalog...” was published in 1906 in Tashkent. It includes 1289 entries (books, documents and periodicals) in nine European languages. The reconstruction of the content of N.K. Romanov’s personal library with the help of “The Catalog...” allows to shed some light on the owner’s personal traits and helps to introduce new sources about the repertoire of Russian grand ducal libraries into scientific circulation. Historical and bibliological analysis, as well as “De Visu” study of library and archival collections, allows to consider little-studied issues related to the personal library of Grand Duke N.K. Romanov. The article identifies rare books and reveals the features of each copy. The bookplate found on some publications (“KN” monogram) belonged to Grand Duke Konstantin, Nikolai Konstantinovich’s father. N.K. Romanov’s personal library was universal: it contains publications on philosophy, history, geography, law, pedagogy, economics, mathematics, natural sciences, agriculture, technology, medicine, naval sciences, art history, as well as fiction, educational and reference literature. Chronologically, the collection includes publications of the 16th—19th centuries. It held unique materials on the study of the Turkestan region by Russian and foreign researchers. A bibliographic search made it possible to identify the vast majority of the lost books. However, there is not enough information about how each publication was collected. Further research work shall result in publication of an updated catalog of N.K. Romanov’s personal library stored in the Alisher Navoi National Library of Uzbekistan.

A Researcher by Vocation, a Science Manager by Duty: to the 50th Anniversary of A.Yu. Samarin

This article charts the career of Alexander Yuryevich Samarin, Deputy Director General for Scientific and Publishing Activities at the Russian State Library (RSL), Doctor of Historical Sciences, and the Honoured Worker of Culture of the Russian Federation. It details his professional journey, starting from his studies at the V.I. Lenin Moscow State Pedagogical University (1990—1995), and concludes with his current position. A.Yu. Samarin has authored more than 560 scientific papers and has received over ten state and public awards. As a scientist, A.Yu. Samarin is recognized for his meticulous study of sources related to his research topics, and for his deep interest in the individuals who have made significant contributions to history. His most prominent administrative achievements include streamlining the operations of the RSL Research Department of Rare Books (Book Museum); his advocacy for establishing a legal framework for book monuments; his efforts to restore library science, bibliography, and book science as part of the Nomenclature of scientific specialties; holding the International Scientific Conference “Library Science in the 21st Century: Content, Organisation, Digitalisation, and Scientometrics” (2021). Finally, the article highlights the release of two editions of a joint monograph titled “Scientific Research in Libraries: Topics, Organisation, and Presentation of Results” in 2021 and 2023.

Three Early Russian Documents about the Daodejing: An Analysis

It has been nearly 200 years since the Daodejing and Daoist thought was first introduced to Russia in the first half of the 19th century. Although the study of Daoist philosophy and Laozi in Russia started relatively late, the Daodejing has been the most translated classic of Chinese culture in Russia. The early dissemination of the Daodejing in Russia was deeply influenced by the government and religion, and there were some controversial and neglected materials that were difficult to verify due to the lack of documents and manuscripts. For example, the first translation manuscript of the Daodejing in Russia has almost become a rare book that is nearly impossible to find and inconvenient to read; the authorship of the first article introducing Laozi’s thought in Russia remains a mystery; the first complete translation was completed by a Japanese theologian living in Russia, but it has not received enough research attention. The insufficient research on the early dissemination of Laozi studies in Russia has had a negative impact on the studies of Laozi in Russia. Therefore, this paper, on the basis of various documentary and manuscript references, aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the early dissemination of Laozi studies in Russia, paying particular attention to the three early Russian documents in the 19th century about the Daodejing, namely, the first translation manuscript of the Daodejing, the first article introducing Laozi’s thought in Russia, and the first complete Russian translation of the Daodejing. A detailed review of these three documents can help to correct some misconceptions and misunderstandings of the early dissemination of the Daodejing in Russia, and, to some extent, reveal the early dissemination characteristics of Laozi studies in Russia.

Lutherische "Orthodoxie" als historisches Problem. Leitidee, Konstruktion und Gegenbegriff von Gottfried Arnold bis Ernst Troeltsch by Christian Volkmar Witt

Reviewed by: Lutherische "Orthodoxie" als historisches Problem. Leitidee, Konstruktion und Gegenbegriff von Gottfried Arnold bis Ernst Troeltsch by Christian Volkmar Witt Joar Haga Lutherische "Orthodoxie" als historisches Problem. Leitidee, Konstruktion und Gegenbegriff von Gottfried Arnold bis Ernst Troeltsch. By Christian Volkmar Witt. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2021. 300 pp. Most books present familiar material in new ways, fewer break new territory. Rarer still are those which change the way we think about a given period. This is such a rare book. The German church historian Christian Witt has written a book about the framing of the period that many until recently have referred to as Lutheran Orthodoxy. After this, it will be difficult or impossible to use the term "Orthodoxy" as a neutral category, suited to designate a period of church history. Packed with analytical tools from the theory of [End Page 230] institutional symbolic orders by sociologist Karl-Siegbert Rehberg, Witt deconstructs the function of a central term in history. A term that postulates a correct faith, ortho-doxa, "orthodoxy" does not merely function as a formula of identification of certain concrete features, it is also an instrument of demarcation and marginalisation (18). Witt uses the three concepts in the title (Leitidee, Konstruktion, Gegenbegriff) as perspectives on his material, stretching from Arnold to Troeltsch. Witt traces how the idea of truth is at work among central European church historians not merely in how they treat historical facts; he also uncovers how it is built into the very theories the interpretations rely on. These theories are in some ways connected through their truth-claims, or their resistance to making truth claims. To highlight this aspect of the conceptual framework, Witt draws on the historian Reinhard Koselleck, a scholar close to Carl Schmitt, who viewed politics through the categories of friend and foe. Indeed, one could read the whole German Begriffsgeschichte as an attempt to utilise Schmitt´s understanding of the political as a battle ground. Witt's twelve pages about "Gegenbegriff" (oppositional concept) could serve as a fruitful theoretical reflection on a wider range of materials, due to its unpacking of an almost silent pejorative potential in the analytical tools. In the conclusion, Witt in a more direct manner comes to the fore and fleshes out his understanding of heterodoxy, the opposite of orthodoxy. Witt underlines that the so-called heterodox theologian does not become heterodox by framing himself in the image of a different doctrinal conception. It is much more likely that the heterodox would construe his own identity as orthodox (40). Witt's deconstruction of the (in)famous Gottfried Arnold´s (1666–1714) supposedly Impartial History of the Church and of Heresy (1699)—the most unwillingly ironic title of all time—is perhaps the most fruitful part of this work. One could claim that Witt's presentation of Arnold offers nothing new. Arnold´s revisionist claims and radical pietist assumptions have been previously noted. For Arnold, to be orthodox meant to be a hard-headed persecutor of true believers. The strength of Witt´s text lies in showing how far the implications [End Page 231] and consequences of Arnold's fundamental distinction reverberated among church historians. By Witt's thorough step-by-step analysis of how Arnold unleashed his pejorative power, Arnold's method and its results become clear. In one sense, Witt's book is a portrayal of the rhetorical power of historians. Witt's nuanced tracing of how the normative choices of a man at the close of the seventeenth century dominated successive research is simply mindboggling. Witt traces the categories of interpretation influenced by Arnold through several church historians from the eighteenth to the twentieth century. For example, the analysis of the normative positions of supposedly neutral Enlightenment theologians such as Johann Semler (1725–1791) is rewarding. The search for an "inner attitude" (102) corresponded to Semler's lamenting how the Catholic church attempted to create a monopoly of the truth by allegedly suppressing an original plurality (109). The chapter on August Tholuck (1799–1877) and his book Der Geist der lutherischen Theologen Wittenbergs (1852) is a gem. Witt shows how Tholuck fought on two fronts, against the rationalism of yore and the confessionalism of...

A Study on the Sources of Chief Physician Kãtib-zãde Meḥmed Refî' Efendi's Risãla 'Illat Mathãna: Did Kãtib-zãde Actually Use the Works of European Authors as Sources?

The aim of this study was to identify the Eastern and Western authors and physicians quoted by Kãtib-zãde Meḥmed Refî' Efendi (died 1769), the chief physician of the Ottoman Empire, in his work Risãla 'illat mathãna. The study also aimed to determine whether Kãtib-zãde Meḥmed Refî' Efendi benefited from the views of the physicians that he mentioned in his treatise and, if so, from which works he benefited. In this study, a copy of Kãtib-zãde Meḥmed Refî' Efendi's Risãla 'i rãbi' fî al-mathãna, with the registration number T 3796/4 in the Turkish manuscripts section of the Istanbul University Rare Books Library, was examined. Eastern and Western physicians mentioned by Kãtib-zãde Meḥmed Refî' Efendi in this work were first identified; then, a literature search was conducted regarding these authors and their works. In his Risãla 'illat mathãna, Kãtib-zãde Meḥmed Refî' Efendi mentions the names of eminent Eastern physicians and quotes from their works. For example, he mentions Ibn Sînã (980-1037) and his work al-Qãnūn fî al-Ṭibb, Najîb al-dîn al-Samarqandî (died 1222) and his work al-Asbãb wa l-'alãmãt, and Ibn Mãsawayḩ (died 857). He also mentions the names of Western physicians and their works. For example, he mentions Lazarus Riverius (1589-1655), Ioannes Fernelius (1497-1558), Petrus Forestus (1521-1597), and Amatus Lusitanus (1511-1568). Regarding sources, Kãtib-zãde Meḥmed Refî' Efendi refers to The Canon of Medicine and a commentary on al-Asbãb wa l-'alamãt written by al-Kirmãnî in his work. His main Western source was Lazarus Riverius's Praxis Medica. More specifically, he draws on the section of Praxis Medica titled "Dysuria seu ardoris urine curatio." Kãtib-zãde Meḥmed Refî' also refers to other Western physicians, including Ioannes Fernelius, Petrus Forestus, and Amatus Lusitanus. These physicians are actually the physicians mentioned and quoted in the section of Lazarus Riverius' work mentioned above.

(2952) Proposal to conserve the name Coccidioides posadasii against Posadasia esferiformis, Coccidium posadasi, Pseudococcidioides mazzae, Geotrichum louisianoideum, Glenospora meteuropea, Glenospora metamericana and Trichosporon proteolyticum (Ascomycota)

(2952) Proposal to conserve the name <i>Coccidioides posadasii</i> against <i>Posadasia esferiformis</i>, <i>Coccidium posadasi</i>, <i>Pseudococcidioides mazzae</i>, <i>Geotrichum louisianoideum</i>, <i>Glenospora meteuropea</i>, <i>Glenospora metamericana</i> and <i>Trichosporon proteolyticum</i> (<i>Ascomycota</i>)

Book Monuments in the National Museum of the Republic of Tyva

One of the urgent problems of domestic librarianship is highlighted, namely, the composition and content of book monuments stored in regional centers. These include the Aldan-Maadyr National Museum of the Republic of Tyva, one of the subjects of the Siberian Federal District of the Russian Federation. In 2011 the rare book sector was created in the museum, which concentrates the book monuments. The purpose of the article is to analyze printed publications published in the Tuvan People’s Republic, and now are the part of the book monuments of the National Museum of the Republic. It describes their composition, content and state of preservation. Newspapers, magazines, books, brochures and other types of printed products issued in the Tuvan People’s Republic give an idea of the state of the book culture of the country existed for twenty-three years: from 1921 to 1944. It shows the origin of printing and its development and graphic basis of local book publishing, its thematic repertoire and other aspects. The article gives recommendations on treatment of printed publications of the Tuvan People’s Republic, which can help to expand the directions and topics of museum information, educational, educational activities intended for the general public.

An ophthalmologist fought against trachoma in Turkey and his books from an archive: Dr Nuri Fehmi Ayberk and The Development of Ophthalmology in Turkey.

Dr Nuri Fehmi Ayberk is an influential figure in the Turkish ophthalmology in training new specialists in the field and contributing to the fight against trachoma. This article includes his short biography, studies, information and cover pictures of some of his works from the original archive of Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of History of Medicine and Ethics, Fatma-Ömer Ekimci Library. He took an active role in the establishment of the Turkish Ophthalmological Association in our country (1928) and served as a founding member. Conducting such studies on the biographies and rare books subgroup of the history of medicine is an important contribution to ensure that the biographies of physicians who have left their mark in the past and have achieved success in different specialties are narrated, remembered, and the information and cover pictures of their works in different archives meet with the reader.

Domestic Publications of the 19-20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Centuries: Book Monuments or Rare Editions

The purpose of the article is to investigate the basic questions of revealing, studying, stocktaking and preserving rare books and book monuments in libraries. The chronological criterion of recognizing a document as a single book monument leaves no place for doubts, but the criterion of social significance (see point 5 of the Order № 1780 ‘On Approval of Regulations on Register of Book Monuments') raises many questions as there are no works analyzing the criterion of social significance.Only an individual approach to each document will make it possible to explore all the peculiarities of a book creation and existence. The decision for recognizing or not a document as a book monument can be made by a regional council of experts. Libraries use different approaches to technical processing and organizing storing of documents from the category under study (e.g. only the monuments being singled out from the general collection, monuments and rare books being stored together; rare books being a part of the general collection etc.).The professional community should work out recommendations, which could help to organize properly library collections that include book monuments and rare books.

Book Heritage in the Collection of the National Museum of the Komi Republic

The Scientific Library of the National Museum of the Komi Republic is one of the oldest libraries in the region. For more than 110 years of its history, a unique book collection has been formed, containing rare printed editions of the mid-18th - early 20th centuries from private collections of famous scientists, public figures, writers, teachers, as well as books and periodicals of scientific, educational and other government institutions of both the Komi region and Russia. The purpose of the article is to outline the main stages in the history of the Scientific Library of the National Museum of the Komi Republic collection, designed to identify and expose its unique rare editions for visitors.The first stage (1911-1919) is connected with the activities of the Ust-Sysolsk local historians and the Arkhangelsk Society for the Study of the Russian North, the second (1920-1930) was conducted by the Society for the Study of the Komi Territory. The third stage is limited by the period of the Great Patriotic War. Archaeographic expeditions for to collect handwritten books and early printed publications became significant for the fourth (1960s-1970s) period.In 2011, a new stage began in the life of the library, associated with the transfer of the book stock to the building of the Literary Museum named after I. Kuratov, one of the departments of the museum. When creating the space of the Literary Museum, a special place was assigned to the scientific library: the combination of the educational resource of the exposition and the scientific library with the reading room and book storage. Research activity is one of the main directions in the work of the library. Studies are actively carried out aimed at scientific and bibliographic description and examination of rare editions, identification, attribution and cataloging of book signs. Publications covering the results of researches become the concluding summing up both at the regional and Russian levels. The priority direction is a wide demonstration of their collections using computer technologies, which contributes to the expansion of opportunities for public access to rare book collections and allows expanding the list of visitors.

THE CHARACTER PORTRAYAL OF MURIEL SPARK AND THEIR UNIQUE PROFICIENCY

Muriel Spark is considered as one of the most engaging, most tantalizing writers of her generation. What is extraordinary about Sparks achievements is that she is having a large international readership. She manages to engage with many of the most serious intellectual issues of her time. It is typical of her work that it both gestures to words and acknowledges many of the debates and concerns of the age without, ever, being wholly reliant on them. She says: I possessed one very rare book … rare books didnt interest me, for their rarity but for their content … we have all started to write our memoirs, the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth. And we are lodging them for seventy years in a safe place until all the living people mentioned therein shall be living no longer. 1 These works… will be both valuable to the historian of the future … you should easily be able to rectify any lack or lapse in form, syntax, style, characterization, invention, local color, description, dialogue, construction and other trivialities. 2 Her literary style, therefore, has self-consciously mixed the exactness and intensity of poetic language with the more expansive and relaxed mode of the contemporary novel. Spark, to a large extent, derived her stylistic principles from her neoclassical poetry and she has, in this regard applied the neoclassical tenets of lucidity, precision and formal elegance to her prose. The paper discusses some universal experiences and worldly phenomena which Mrs. spark very beautifully reveals through her characters.

David McKitterick. Readers in a Revolution: Bibliographical Change in the Nineteenth Century

This deeply researched and engaging book from David McKitterick is very much a continuation of his previous book The Invention of Rare Books: Private Interest and Public Memory, 1600–1840 (Cambridge, 2020). McKitterick’s focus segues in Readers in a Revolution: Bibliographical Change in the Nineteenth Century to ensuing developments in attitudes and access to old books during the period, with particular attention to England and France between the 1830s and 1890s. Book historians have focused on changes to the materiality of the book during this period, stemming from technological innovations that impacted its production, dissemination, and accessibility to readers. The socio-cultural impact of the Industrial Revolution in Britain in particular underlies this study. While McKitterick spends some time on shifts in literacy, changes in available leisure time for the working classes, and the cultural pursuits made possible by the public libraries movement and increased opening hours for museums and galleries, his focus here is the acquisition of books, particularly those classified as rare, amongst the great variety of collectors in mid-nineteenth-century Britain.

Collecting Sarah Piatt at the Ohio State University's Rare Books &amp; Manuscripts Library

Collecting Sarah Piatt at the Ohio State University's Rare Books &amp; Manuscripts Library

팔하 서석지 『筆鑑』의 서학론 분석

This paper examines Pal Ha's calligraphy theory and calligraphic spirit as portrayed in his work featured in 『Pilgam』. I would like to replace the conclusion by synthesizing what was discussed in the main body.&#x0D; First of all, as a professional calligrapher who worked in the Daegu calligraphy circle, he learned calligraphy from Changam in his youth, and was also an early teacher of Seokjae Seo Byeong-oh who is the renovation of Daegu literary painting, and is considered the origin of Daegu calligraphy in the 20th century.&#x0D; Pilgam was compiled to convey to his son Gyeong-soon, and is a rare professional calligraphy theory book in the late Joseon Dynasty. It comprehensively covers Palha’s calligraphic theories from basic techniques of one-stroke technique and Eight Principles of Yong (永字八法) to writing method, brushstroke method, letter closing method, ink usage, theory on copying practice with classics, theory on calligraphic font and the like along with appendices of Seobeopwonin (書琺原因), Jegapumpyeong (諸家品評, criticism on calligraphic masters) and his copying practice of 「Jinchocheonmun (眞草千文)」.&#x0D; The theory on calligraphic technique on 『Pilgam』 classified and examined one-stroke technique, Eight Principles of Yong, writing method, brushstroke method and letter closing method and the gist is as follows. The one-stroke technique and Eight Principles of Yong facilitated studying calligraphy (學書) with illustrations and metaphorical explanations with natural objects. The writing method stressed control of five fingers (指實), space given to the palm (掌虛), lifting the elbow (縣腕) and standing of a brush (管直). The brushstroke method placed much value on hiding of brush tip (藏鋒) and the principles of ‘movement inevitably followed by halt (無垂不縮)’ and ‘coordination of the top and the bottom (承上接下).’ The letter closing method put emphasis on harmony of sparseness and denseness (疏密) and untrimmedness (參差).&#x0D; The calligraphic view on 『Pilgam』 classified and examined theory on copying practice with classics, theory on calligraphic font and theory on criticism and the gist is as follows. The copying practice with classics emphasized academic attitude of learning strong points and supplementing weak points (取長補短) along with notions that one should establish a system for Lishu by using Zhuanshu; that for Xingshu by using Kaishu and; that for Caoshu through Caoshu written by Zhangzhi.&#x0D; As demonstrated above, 『Pilgam』 pursued the theory on calligraphic technique based on classical theories for learning calligraphy including one-stroke technique, Eight Principles of Yong and writing method and the calligraphic view of creating new by learning from the past (法古創新) and learning strong points and supplementing weak points (取長補短). Palha’s such calligraphic theory would be a proper guideline for calligraphic researchers as the basis for calligraphic study and creation.