Rapid Upper Limb Assessment Research Articles

Risk Assessment of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Printing Workers by Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA)

This study aims to assess the risk of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) in printing industry workers. The study included 100 workers working in different press and pre-press units of Printing presses situated in the Thane district. The study employed demographic details, job details, self-reported Nordic Body-Map Questionnaire (NBM) to collect data, along with the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) to evaluate the working posture of the workers. The results showed that 37% of the participants experienced musculoskeletal complaints, with left knee pain being the most prevalent (13%), followed by right knee pain (11%) and Hips (11%). The RULA assessment revealed that a significant percentage of participants were at intermediate to high risk of developing WMSDs due to their working posture.

Health risk assessment and prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among the aged brick molders, in India.

The Brickfield Industry is the major and oldest informal industry in India, where millions of brickfield workers make their livelihood. Aged brickfield workers are also involved in different activities in the brickfield, especially in brick mold activities owing to poor socioeconomic conditions. A cross-sectional study was designed to determine the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among the aged brick molders and compare them with aged control subjects. A Nordic Questionnaire was applied to assess the discomfort felt among both groups of workers and the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method was used to evaluate posture during their job. The RULA posture analysis showed that the posture adopted by aged brick molders required changes immediately. The result of the ART tool also stated that the brick molding activities' exposure level was high and required further investigation urgently. The study concluded that due to working in a forward bending posture for a prolonged period, aged brickmolders suffered from severe low back and knee pain along with upper-limb disorders due to repetitive activities.

Evaluation of the effect of corrective exercise intervention on musculoskeletal disorders, fatigue and working memory of office workers

Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of corrective exercise intervention (corrective exercise reminding and training software) on musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), fatigue, posture and working memory among office workers. Methods: A total of 66 office workers participated in the present study. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires (including the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire, multidimensional fatigue inventory and Borg rating scale), direct observations of work postures using rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) and rapid office strain assessment, and the n-back test. Results: There was a significant difference between the two groups (intervention and control) in terms of the severity of musculoskeletal discomfort after the intervention. There was a significant decrease in the mean score of trunk posture and the total RULA score in the intervention group after the intervention. The severity of perceived discomfort in all areas except the knee declined during the intervention. There was also a significant difference in physical and mental fatigue scores before and after the intervention. There was a significant difference in the accuracy score of office workers after the intervention compared to before the intervention. Conclusions: Overall, the results confirm the effectiveness of this low-cost, simple and easy-to-use ergonomic intervention.

Čimbenici rizika i učestalost mišićno-koštanih tegoba radnika pri radu u tehnici batika uzrokovanih položajem tijela i rada mišića ruku

The batik industry as one of Malaysian cultural heritage is mainly located on the East Coast of Malaysia, particularly in the states of Kelantan and Terengganu. Most of the industry is home-based. Hence, the traditional batik work environment and tasks impose threats to the well-being of the artisans. This study investigates ergonomic issues and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in two of Kelantan’s batik industries. The artisans’ natural working postures and the environments of the two places were observed and video recorded. Muscle activations on the wrist of the artisan doing the paint (canting) were imitated. Surface electromyography (sEMG) investigations were performed in the laboratory. A questionnaire survey was also distributed among craftsmen and artisans involved in the batik industry in Kelantan. Results illustrate evidence of the need to educate batik industries on ergonomic risk factors. According to the survey of 33 respondents, the most affected body parts are the waist (60%), back and feet (57%). The walkthroughs and site visits showed that batik making process demands awkward postures which include standing, precision handling of hand tools, trunk bending & rotating and overreaching repetitively between 4 to 8 hours. The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) index obtained from the assessments ranges from 7-8. It was also shown from the sEMG data that trunk bending affects muscle contraction of the wrist during painting movement. Therefore, immediate interventions are required to improve batik artisans’ postural working conditions, especially on the neck, trunk, legs, wrists and arms.

Work posture risk comparison of RULA and REBA based on measures of assessment-score variability: A case study of the metal coating industry in Thailand

This study examines the work posture risk comparison of RULA and REBA based on measures of assessment-score variability. During the metal coating process, chemicals were frequently employed, necessitating a heightened level of caution among the employees. The Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaires (CMDQ) revealed the manifestation of physical discomfort among employees. In this study, the rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) and the rapid entire body assessment (REBA) were used to identify ergonomic concerns related to the work of employees in the black oxide coating department of a metal coating firm. The sensitivity of risk assessment between the two methods was investigated, considering the mean and variability of the assessment scores. Consideration was given to the diverse and crucial work positions of employees at each station, focusing exclusively on the standing working posture. In the black oxide coating section, there were 12 steps that 20 workers had to complete. Under the same working postures, the overall average RULA score was determined to be at a high-risk level, whereas the overall average REBA score was at a moderate-risk level. As a result, the RULA method had a greater capacity for risk warning than the REBA method. Levene's test was also applied to determine whether the variances of the risk scores computed using the two techniques were equal. The results of the analysis showed that the variances in the scores using the two methods were not significantly different.

Analysis and Assessment of Passenger Comfort Level in Sustainable Public Bus Transportation System

Passenger comfort and safety is one of the main factors in making the experience of using public transportation more comfortable and attractive to passengers. This study aims to assess facility design factors such as seats and handrails that are related to ergonomics, in addition to design factors, namely safety factors by identifying and minimizing hazards that can occur to passengers and procedures that need to be carried out in the event of an accident. To assess the comfort of passengers on the bus, it was measured using the Rapid whole-body assessment (REBA) guidelines, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and anthropometry to accurately measure body posture, as well as Quality Function Deployment (QFD). As the result, the new handle and passenger seat were proposed to comply with the ergonomic perspective. How much level of Customer satisfaction increase, can be seen in the result of this research. From using REBA Method there’s a change of score in value from before using our design customer posture got 4 for body posture evaluation score, and after using our design costumer posture score got 3 for body posture evaluation score. From using RULA method there’s a change of score in value from before using our design customer posture got 4 for body posture evaluation score, and after using our design costumer posture score got 2 for body posture evaluation score. It is concluded that the new design work and proof the new design was comply with ergonomic aspect. With this research, it will be beneficial for the sustainability of consumer comfort in Transjakarta public transportation. Because with the realization of the results of this research, improvements in Transjakarta public transportation facilities to support consumer comfort can be achieved and increase customer satisfaction.

Analysis of Ergonomic Factor Measurement for Transjakarta Bus Drivers

Transjakarta transportation accidents have increased from year to year. Transjakarta buses having an accident can result in the driver not feeling comfortable while driving so that the driver experiences a lack of concentration. Therefore, the authors conducted a study that aimed to investigate the ergonomic factors experienced by Transjakarta bus drivers. The author uses the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method by taking 30 Transjakarta bus driver data and by using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) method by taking 30 driver data using a questionnaire. The results of the RULA method have been used to test the correlation using the Minitab software. The results of the RULA on reaching the steering wheel activity were 3-4 which means that further investigation was needed and may require changes to improve. And for the average time to reach the button was 5-6 which means the need for immediate investigation and change. NBM results show that most of them experience pain in the waist so that it is necessary to improve the position of the waist. Correlation Test Results The activity of reaching the button and the activity of reaching the steering wheel is -0.209 and the P-Value is 0.268 so that the results of an inverse relationship between the activity of reaching the steering wheel and reaching the button are found. The greater the activity reaches the wheel, the smaller the activity reaches the button. The correlation found has a very weak relationship between variables.

Prevalence of Upper Limb Dysfunction in Fashion Designer Students Using Fades Chairs

Background: Fashion design students face an increased risk of upper limb dysfunction due to prolonged sitting, notably exacerbated by the lack of arm and backrests in specialized chairs like the Fades chair. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of upper limb dysfunction among fashion design students using Fades chairs. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan, from April to July 2023, involving 169 participants aged 18-25 from the University of Management and Technology (UMT) and the National College of Arts (NCA). The study excluded participants with systemic diseases and utilized the Numeric Pain Rating Scale and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) for data collection, analyzed with SPSS version 25. Results: Results revealed varying levels of risk: 26.04% low risk, 46.15% medium risk, and 26.63% very high risk based on RULA for right-sided limb assessment, with similar trends for left-sided assessment. Regarding pain levels, 50.09% experienced severe upper back pain, 43.2% neck pain, 46.2% shoulder pain, 18.3% elbow pain, and 23.7% wrist pain. Conclusion: In conclusion, the use of Fades chairs significantly contributes to upper limb dysfunction among fashion design students, posing moderate to severe risks. This dysfunction could potentially impair their performance.

Ergonomic Risk Identification and Postural Analysis in Electrical Transformers Manufacturing Company located in Southern India

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are the major factors resulting in discomfort at work in manufacturing industries to workers and these conditions contribute to the poor health of the workforce, subsequently to lower productivity. Therefore, the design of a workstation based on Ergonomic principles is becoming significant to reduce the effects of MSD. This study aimed to identify and assess the ergonomic risks associated with the work tasks in the company through posture analysis and develop recommendations for reducing those risks. Methods: About 36 manufacturing workers from five sections were randomly selected for the cross-sectional study. The chosen team members were from Core building, Core winding, Assembly, Tanking and Tank fabrication sections with experience of more than two years. The presence of MSDs was assessed using a Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire. For postural analysis, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) were utilized. Few selected postures were analysed using CATIAV5 software and improvements reducing the risks of postures were recommended. Results: All of the 36 workers selected for the study were male with a mean age of 32 years and, average experience of 10 years, and 75% of workers had normal body mass index. The MSD questionnaire indicated discomfort of 86% mostly in the lower back portion of the body. The combined findings of RULA and REBA showed that about 44% of postures were in the high-risk group. Conclusion: Well-defined ergonomic interventions such as redesigning the workstation are suggested to reduce awkward postures and manual handling risks, leading to improvement in job performance and productivity.

Comparison of Ergonomic Assessment Results in the Automotive Polymer Industry: Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) Methods

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) encompass injuries to muscles, nerves, joints, and connective tissues, affecting the neck, back, and limbs. The polymer automotive industry, particularly in manufacturing automotive components using plastic injection tools, involves workers with diverse postures. Non-ergonomic postures can lead to muscle tension and health issues, emphasizing the importance of safety and ergonomics. This study employs the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) methods to assess working postures. In the production sector, the average RULA score is 3.8 (31.67%), indicating moderate risk and suggesting further investigation. Conversely, the non-production sector's average RULA score is 3.4 (28.33%), indicating a lower risk but still necessitating changes. CMDQ analysis on 12 respondents reveals posture variation. In the production sector, the average CMDQ score is 2.5 (20.83%), signaling moderate risk and advocating for further investigation. This study lays groundwork for downstream polymer industries to enhance efficiency, quality, and safety.

Association of ergonomics and musculoskeletal disorders among school teachers

Objective: To find the association between ergonomics and musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) among school teachers. Methods: 40 subjects were selected for the study, to assess the prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) with the standardized Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ) and evaluate for ergonomics in class and while working on computers/smart phones, and awareness of the same was noted with the help of checklists and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Rapid Upper limb Assessment (RULA) tools. Results: REBA scores revealed that majorly, teachers were at medium risk levels of getting MSDs, with 72.72% of primary teachers, and 75.86% of secondary teachers for tasks performed, whereas RULA scores concluded that 48.27% of secondary teachers and 45.45% of primary teachers were in the medium risk level of getting MSDs. Conclusions: The research revealed an association between ergonomics and the prevalence of MSDs in school teachers, and demonstrated the sites involved in the MSDs.

Understanding Musculoskeletal Loadings among Supermarket Checkout Counter Cashiers: A Biomechanical Analysis

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) are highly prevalent among supermarket cashiers. These disorders are frequently related to the adoption of awkward postures and manual materials handling. This study aimed to analyze musculoskeletal loadings in supermarket cashiers, considering the handling of different products and different checkout conditions. To accomplish this, we employed an inertial motion capture system to measure full-body kinematics while simulating 19 cashier tasks. The study included five female cashiers from a supermarket in Northern Portugal, ranging in age from 19 to 61 years old. Using joint angles, material load, and muscle function as input parameters, we conducted the musculoskeletal loadings assessment using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) methods. Results showed that RULA scores were higher for the microtasks that involved product scanning. Regarding microstasks analyzed by REBA, the replacement of paper rolls for the receipt machine at the checkout counter yields the highest scores. Based on these findings, there is a compelling need to redesign supermarket checkout workstations to alleviate the physical demands placed on cashiers and to ensure organizational sustainability.

Impact of Fatigue on Ergonomic Risk Scores and Foot Kinetics: A Field Study Employing Inertial and In-Shoe Plantar Pressure Measurement Devices.

(1) Background: Occupational fatigue is a primary factor leading to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs). Kinematic and kinetic experimental studies have been able to identify indicators of WRMSD, but research addressing real-world workplace scenarios is lacking. Hence, the authors of this study aimed to assess the influence of physical strain on the Borg CR-10 body map, ergonomic risk scores, and foot pressure in a real-world setting. (2) Methods: Twenty-four participants (seventeen men and seven women) were included in this field study. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) (n = 24) and in-shoe plantar pressure measurements (n = 18) captured the workload of production and office workers at the beginning of their work shift and three hours later, working without any break. In addition to the two 12 min motion capture processes, a Borg CR-10 body map and fatigue visual analog scale (VAS) were applied twice. Kinematic and kinetic data were processed using MATLAB and SPSS software, resulting in scores representing the relative distribution of the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Computer-Assisted Recording and Long-Term Analysis of Musculoskeletal Load (CUELA), and in-shoe plantar pressure. (3) Results: Significant differences were observed between the two measurement times of physical exertion and fatigue, but not for ergonomic risk scores. Contrary to the hypothesis of the authors, there were no significant differences between the in-shoe plantar pressures. Significant differences were observed between the dominant and non-dominant sides for all kinetic variables. (4) Conclusions: The posture scores of RULA and CUELA and in-shoe plantar pressure side differences were a valuable basis for adapting one-sided requirements in the work process of the workers. Traditional observational methods must be adapted more sensitively to detect kinematic deviations at work. The results of this field study enhance our knowledge about the use and benefits of sensors for ergonomic risk assessments and interventions.

Structured Multidisciplinary work Evaluation Tool (SMET) questionnaire: Translation, cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Persian version.

To assess relevant environmental conditions in any work-setting requires a multidisciplinary perspective that is practical, valid, and reliable. This includes the physical, environmental, and psychosocial risk-factors. The Structured Multidisciplinary work Evaluation Tool (SMET) questionnaire simultaneously considers multiple work-related demands. This study translated and culturally adapted the SMET into Persian and evaluated its psychometric properties in Persian industrial workers. Cross-sectional translation and cross-cultural adaptation in five standardized phases. A convenience sample (n = 211) recruited from an industrial-occupation setting completed: the SMET; and the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) criteria; plus light and noise levels were concurrently assessed. Psychometric properties included: validity, with face (from confirmed language clarity, simplicity, and readability), content (via the content validity index, CVI, for equivalency and relevancy), criterion (through Pearson's r correlation with relevant criteria), and construct (through known group validity between participants with/without work-related musculoskeletal disorders, WMSDs); internal consistency (Cronbach's α); and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC2.1). Validity was confirmed with: face through the adaptation; content from suitable CVI values for items (CVI range = 0.78-1.0) and scale-total (CVI = 0.86); criterion from SMET associations with levels for light (r = - 0.42) and noise (r = 0.21), plus RULA (r = 0.42) and NASA-TLX (r = 0.39); and construct through participants with WMSD having significantly higher SMET total-scores (p = 0.01). Internal consistency (α= 0.89) and reliability (ICC2.1 = 0.87) were acceptable and strong. This study indicated that the SMET Persian version had acceptable psychometric properties in an industrial occupational setting. Further investigation in longitudinal populations is recommended.

Managing ergonomic risk assessment among assembly operators in the small‐scale fabrication sector

AbstractIn the small‐scale fabrication sector, employee health and safety are the most important aspects for improving productivity and quality. There is a lack of risk assessment and limited information on human handling and ergonomic approaches in the working environment of the small‐scale fabrication sector. This study aims to analyze the association of human handling risk factors with work‐related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) symptoms among assembly operators and to evaluate the proposed ergonomic intervention for a high‐risk work task using ergonomic risk assessment tools such as Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). A questionnaire survey and observation were conducted across seven work categories. The analysis using RULA and REBA revealed that cleaning, fitting, and assembling have a high‐risk level that requires ergonomic intervention. The virtual design of the proposed ergonomic workstation for high‐risk work tasks was created using CATIA software and evaluated using RULA and REBA analyses. Job and organizational factors were found to be the main contributors to WMSD, while individual factors, awareness levels, and ergonomic risk assessment had insignificant effects on WMSD. Based on RULA and REBA scores, the proposed ergonomic intervention significantly reduces risk by 30%–47%, improving overall health and safety for operators in diverse work activities.

Inertial Motion Capturing in Ergonomic Workplace Analysis: Assessing the Correlation between RULA, Upper-Body Posture Deviations and Musculoskeletal Discomfort

(1) Background: Mobile movement analysis systems, for example, those based on Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), enable digital real-time methods of collecting data in workplace ergonomics, but the relationship between observational method scores such as Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), upper-body posture, and their influence on musculoskeletal discomfort, has not yet been well investigated. This field study aimed to evaluate the relationship of these variables in two different target groups: production and office workers. (2) Methods: There were 64 subjects (44 men and 20 women) participating. Data collection was divided into two categories: (1) Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) (n = 64) and 3D stereophotogrammetric posture analysis (n = 58), and (2) Investigation of workload via IMU-based motion capture (MoCap) and the Borg CR-10 body map (n = 24). Correlation tests and regression analysis were performed using SPSS and MATLAB software to examine the relationship between the upper-body posture and RULA. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied to examine group differences. (3) Results: The findings did not support the authors’ hypothesis that posture risk at work significantly correlates with static upper-body posture and musculoskeletal discomfort. Pelvic tilt had a weak but significant influence on RULA. The data revealed interesting trends in physical exertion, musculoskeletal discomfort, and differences between production and office workers. However, the statistical analysis did not support this. Such approaches have the potential to enhance the accuracy of assessment outcomes and, in turn, provide a stronger foundation for enhancing ergonomic conditions.

Work Posture Analysis of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) Complaints in MSME Workers Balloon Bouquet

It is known that MSDs have become a health problem for workers in developing and developed countries over the past few years. Musculoskeletal disease is the second leading cause of disability in the world, with low back pain being the leading cause of disability. If referring to this explanation, the activities of MSME workers, balloon bouquets that can potentially cause musculoskeletal complaints, one of which is the activity of pumping balloons manually and stringing balloons with awkward postures and carrying out work with a sitting work posture which causes musculoskeletal problems, especially shoulder & waist problems because there is pressure on the spine. The type of research used by the author in this study is the qualitative method. Qualitative research researchers become the main instrument in collecting data that can be directly related to the instrument or object of research. Data collection method using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) observation sheet and Nordic Body Map (NBM) checklist sheet as well as interview guidelines. Workers often experience complaints of aches or pains both while working, and after doing work on the right shoulder, left shoulder, back, upper arm, forearm, and waist. The posture of workers when making a bouquet of balloons either when pumping, forming, or assembling balloons on average has a high risk level for complaints of musculoskeletal disorders because workers carry out work with a sitting, bending, squatting, and half-sitting work attitude, there are repetitive movements.

Analisis Postur Kerja Karyawan Menggunakan Metode Rapid Upper Limb Assessment Di PT. BSM

PT BSM is a manufacturing company that has several employees who work with postures that do not meet ergonomic standards. The quality of this work posture is a key factor in assessing the work efficiency of employees at PT BSM. The research aims to assess the level of risk for PT BSM employees based on work posture to support the design of changes that are useful for reducing the risk of injury or employee discomfort. The research method used is the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method to assess the upper body position and posture of workers while working, especially within the ergonomics framework for lathe and Milling machine employees. The research results indicated that both employees had a low level of work posture risk, so it is recommended to evaluate work posture to ensure employee safety and comfort in carrying out their duties. Keywords: Ergonomics, Rapid Upper Assessment, Work Posture

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Risk Assessment during Manual Lymphatic Drainage with Compressive Bands among Physiotherapists.

Complete decongestive therapy is the standard treatment for lymphedema. Manual lymphatic drainage and short-stretch multilayer compression bandaging are two daily stages of complete decongestive therapy during which physiotherapists work with patients. The aim of this study was to assess the risks of musculoskeletal disorders to which physiotherapists are exposed during these two phases. Five physiotherapists performed five 20 min manual lymphatic drainages, followed by the compression bandaging phase. From the video recordings, 8477 postures defined by 13 joint angles were grouped into clusters using hierarchical cluster analysis. The risk of musculoskeletal disorders in physiotherapists' postures was assessed using ergonomic tools. Seven clusters, called generic postures (GP), were identified and defined throughout the mean joint angle values and standard deviation. Four seated GPs were found for the drainage phase, and three standing GPs were identified for the bandaging phase. This phase corresponded to a quarter of the total duration. The GP's ergonomic scores ranged from 4.51 to 5.63 and from 5.08 to 7.12, respectively, for the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). GP1, GP3, and GP4 presented the highest ergonomic scores (RULA scores: 5.27 to 5.63; REBA scores: 6.25 to 7.12). The most affected areas were the neck (flexion > 20° for all GPs), trunk (flexion between 25 and 30° for GP2, and GP7 during the bandaging phase and GP4 during the drainage phase), and shoulder (flexion and abduction >20° for all GPs except GP5). These results highlighted that the two complete decongestive therapy phases could be described as a combination of GP. Ergonomic assessment showed that compression bandaging as well as drainage phases expose physiotherapists to moderate musculoskeletal disorder risks that require "further investigation and change soon".

The Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Ergonomic Risk Factor Profile in Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers (ojol) in Jakarta

Introduction: The increasing need for online motorcycle taxi driver (ojol) transportation continues to increase in Jakarta. This increases the activity of motorcycle taxi drivers, which can cause Carpal tunnel syndrome risks due to the awkward posture of the wrist while riding the motorcycle (the wrist posture is too long on the motorcycle handlebars with repetitive motion), which will affect the nerves and blood supply to the wrist and hand. This study aims to determine the risk of the motorcycle taxi driver’s upper limb using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Carpal tunnel syndrome risk factor using the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BTCSQ). Method: This research used a cross-sectional study approach with 97 respondents online motorcycle taxi drivers. The respondents were collected based on the activity of online motorcycle taxi drivers who were in or passing through the data collection location and willing to take part in the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BTCSQ). The RULA assessment and analysis were performed and supported by video (recording from a cycle of the activity while the respondents were riding the motorcycles). The respondents’ criteria were an online motorcycle taxi driver with a minimum of 1 year of working experience, at least 3 hours working duration per day, and not clinically suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and wrist problems. This study has been approved by Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana ethical committee. Result: The results of BCTSQ and RULA in online motorcycle taxi drivers have found that there’s mild–moderate risk respectively in Jakarta. In RULA, it was found that there were 87.6% of respondents were reported at moderate risk which had an impact on musculoskeletal problems, especially the upper limb. In the BCTSQ, the result showed that there were mild complaints in 38.1% of respondents regarding the wrist which was at risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome. Discussion: With RULA results, in the form of moderate risk, Further ergonomics investigation and assessment are needed to find out further risk factors, mitigation plans, and best improvements to reduce the risks. The occurrence of mild complaints in the wrist based on BCTSQ requires further clinical examination of carpal tunnel syndrome to reduce the incidence of CTS cases in online motorcycle taxi drivers. Conclusion: This research’s result has found mild-moderate risk factors from the activity and working posture among online motorcycle taxi drivers in Jakarta. Further investigation and research ergonomically are needed.