Rapid Synthesis Route Research Articles

Co-effect of soft template and microwave irradiation on morphological control of gold nanobranches

Short-range order sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-bound micelles and long-range order poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)–SDS supramolecular assemblies in PVP–SDS aqueous solution illustrate the potential template application in directing hierarchical assembly of inorganic nanostructure. In this paper, ginger-like Au nanobranches with equivalent circle diameter around 50 nm were prepared in PVP–SDS aqueous solution under microwave irradiation through a one-pot, facile, rapid, and morphology-controlled synthesis route. Based on the experimental results, the possible growth mechanism of the ginger-like gold nanobranches is inferred to be a template-mediated and microwave-assisted hierarchical assembly via the unique co-effect of PVP–SDS soft template and microwave irradiation. At first, the precursors AuCl4− surrounding the SDS-bound micelles were rapidly reduced to Au0 by sodium citrate assisted by microwave irradiation and simultaneously assembled into abundant Au nanocrystals with diameters around 10 nm according to the bound micelle templates. And then several tiny Au nanocrystals linked by PVP chains within a limited space were instantly mediated by the long-range order PVP–SDS supramolecular assemblies to fabricate into polycrystal ginger-like Au nanobranches. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern indicates that the Au nanobranches are face-centered cubic phase, which is verified by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern.

Novel route for rapid biosynthesis of lead nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Jatropha curcas L. latex

We are reporting a novel, low-cost and eco-friendly route for rapid synthesis of lead nanoparticles by using 0.5% aqueous extract of Jatropha curcas L. latex. Lead nanoparticles were characterized initially by UV–vis spectroscopy and shown distinct peak at 218 nm. This peak was highly specific for lead nanoparticles. Formation of Pb (0) was confirmed by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD).Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed for estimating the size and shape of nanoparticles. The average size of lead nanoparticles was found to be in the range of 10 to 12.5 nm. Energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) showed distinct peaks of lead. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed to find the role of cyclic peptides namely curcacycline A (an octapeptide) and curcacycline B (a nonapeptide) as a possible reducing and capping agents present in the latex of Jatropha curcas L. Lead nanoparticles formed by the above method were monodisperse.

One-minute microwave-assisted chemical bath deposition of nanostructured ZnO rod-arrays

Microwave-assisted chemical bath deposition (MACBD) is an emerging route for rapid synthesis of films and nanostructured particles. In this paper we report MACBD of ZnO rod-array films on bare glass substrates from an aqueous bath of tetra ammonium zinc complex. The deposition time is reduced to about 1 min as compared to around 60 min for conventional CBD. X-ray diffraction study shows that as-deposited films are uniaxially out-of-plane textured along the c-axis. Scanning Electron Microscopy reveals that the films consist of elongated elliptical tapered rods of diameters 250 to 350 nm. Atomic Force Microscopy shows that the films consist of about 350 nm grains. The RMS roughness is about 60 nm. The energy band gap is 3.27 eV as estimated from optical data. The films are n-type with electrical conductivity of 1 × 10 − 4 S/cm.

Facile Synthesis of Monodisperse Spherical MCM-48 Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Controlled Particle Size

A rapid and facile synthesis route to the monodisperse spherical MCM-48 mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) with cubic Ia3̅d mesostructure is developed based on the modified Stöber method. The phase domain of MCM-48-type MSNs can be extended by controlling the stirring rate and molar ratios of silica source and surfactant. The formation of monodispersed spherical MCM-48-type MSNs is obtained using triblock copolymer Pluronic F127 as a particle size designer. The average size of monodisperse spherical MSN can be controlled within the range of 70−500 nm depending on the amount of F127. Moreover, the pore diameter of MSNs can be precisely controllable in pore diameters from 2.3 to 3.3 nm using different alkyl chain surfactants and simple posthydrothermal treatment. An investigation of MCM-48-type MSN materials using powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen physisorption clearly reveals that MSNs show high specific surface area, high pore volumes, controllable morphological aspects, and tunable pore diameters. The MCM-48-type MSNs thus obtained are demonstrated as a good hard template for the preparation of other mesoporous nanoparticles, such as mesoporous metal oxides. The present discovery of the extended synthesis conditions and the binary surfactant system in MCM-48 synthesis offers reproducible and facile synthesis of the monodisperse spherical MCM-48 mesoporous silica nanoparticles with precise structural control, and thus has vast prospects for future applications of ultrafine mesostructured nanoparticle materials.

ChemInform Abstract: Green Route for Rapid Synthesis of 2,2′‐Dithiobis(benzothiazole) by Microwave Irradiation.

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Rapid temperature-assisted sonochemical synthesis of mesoporous silica SBA-15

A rapid synthesis route to synthesize ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15 in a short time via ultrasonic irradiation without hydrothermal treatment was reported. The present synthesis route effectively reduces the total synthesis time from days to a few hours, which is much shorter than the conventional SBA-15 synthesis methods. The synthesis time and temperature during sonication have been systematically varied in order to investigate their influence on the structural ordering of the materials. The resultant materials exhibited a hexagonally ordered mesostructure with high surface area over 560 m 2/g, pore volume over 0.6 cm 3/g and large pore diameter in the range of 4.1–4.9 nm. This study shows that the sonochemical mediated synthesis of SBA-15 has several advantages: an easy way to control the temperature and time of the synthesis and significant reduction in the total synthesis time. By varying the temperature and time of the synthesis, the structural properties of the SBA-15 materials can be finely tuned.

Highly bacterial resistant silver nanoparticles: synthesis and antibacterial activities

In this article, we describe a simple one-pot rapid synthesis route to produce uniform silver nanoparticles by thermal reduction of AgNO3 using oleylamine as reducing and capping agent. To enhance the dispersal ability of as-synthesized hydrophobic silver nanoparticles in water, while maintaining their unique properties, a facile phase transfer mechanism has been developed using biocompatible block co-polymer pluronic F-127. Formation of silver nanoparticles is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV–vis spectroscopy. Hydrodynamic size and its distribution are obtained from dynamic light scattering (DLS). Hydrodynamic size and size distribution of as-synthesized and phase transferred silver nanoparticles are 8.2 ± 1.5 nm (σ = 18.3%) and 31.1 ± 4.5 nm (σ = 14.5%), respectively. Antimicrobial activities of hydrophilic silver nanoparticles is tested against two Gram positive (Bacillus megaterium and Staphylococcus aureus), and three Gram negative (Escherichiacoli, Proteusvulgaris and Shigellasonnei) bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values obtained in the present study for the tested microorganisms are found much better than those reported for commercially available antibacterial agents.

Green Route for Rapid Synthesis of 2,2′-Dithiobis(benzothiazole) by Microwave Irradiation

A green route for rapid synthesis of 2,2′-dithiobis(benzothiazole) (DM) by microwave irradiation is discussed. The reaction time was shortened to 5 min, and the yield of product was good.

Structural and optoelectronic properties of C60 rods obtained via a rapid synthesis route

High purity single crystal C60 rods with uniform dimensions are synthesized by a rapid and facile approach which can be completed over a timescale of typically a few minutes. The morphology of the fullerene product has been characterized in detail by scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, demonstrating that the resulting materials are solid, hexagonal cross-sectioned rods with novel faceted tips. High resolution transmission electron microscopy investigations reveal that the rods are face-centered cubic packed single crystals. Vibrational and electronic spectroscopy studies provide compelling evidence that the rods are a van der Waals solid since the electronic structure of the component C60 molecules is largely preserved. The structures obtained are found to possess novel optoelectronic properties exhibiting low energy absorption not reported in related structures and materials to date. Furthermore significant room temperature photoluminescence is obtained from the C60 rods accompanied by a small blue shift of the spectra which is also observed for the first ‘allowed’ absorption transitions. Given their rapid synthesis, excellent purity, optical and charge transport properties these fullerene structures are expected to be a promising materials for nanoelectronic devices including thin film organic solar cells and photodetectors.

Rapid formation of CdS, ZnS thin films by microwave-assisted chemical bath deposition

A rapid synthesis route, microwave-assisted chemical bath deposition (MA-CBD) method, has been developed for the fabrication of cadmium sulfide (CdS) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that the structures of as-deposited CdS and ZnS films are sphalerite and wurtzite, respectively. The optical transmission measurements reveal that the band gaps of the typical CdS and ZnS films are 2.51 eV and 3.91 eV, respectively. The results show that the MA-CBD is a very time saving method to fabricate the CdS, ZnS films.

A rapid synthesis route for the preparation of CdS nanoribbons by microwave irradiation

A rapid synthesis route for the preparation of CdS nanoribbons has been developed. CdS nanoribbons of about 4 nm in diameter have been prepared by the microwave irradiation of an ethylenediamine (en) solution of 1-pyrrlidine dithio carboxylic acid ammonium salt (APDTC) and cadmium chloride under ambient air. The nanoribbons are characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, absorption spectroscopy, diffuse reflection spectroscopy, and PL spectroscopy.