Rapid Selection Research Articles

Исследование параметров воздуха при сушке крупноблочных металлических конструкций в сушильной камере тентового типа

One of the stages in the manufacture of large-block metal structures is their coloring followed by drying. A feature of this process is the need to maintain a temperature determined by the characteristics of the paint, which is difficult at low ambient temperatures. The solution of the problem is the use of a tent-type mobile drying chamber at the stage of drying the painted part at the place of its assembly. At the same time, the drying process can be controlled by changing the location of the fan heater and exhaust ventilation, changing the performance of the heater fan and the temperature of the supplied air. The solution of this technological problem is the goal of the study. The study uses the methods of numerical modeling and experimental studies. As a modeling tool, the SOLIDWORKS software package and office packages for statistical data processing have been used. It is found out that the distribution of temperatures in the shelter depends on the thermal resistance of the walls of the drying chamber, the main characteristic of the heater fan, the dimensions of the chamber and the painted module, the gaps between the walls, the ambient temperature and the air coming from the heater, the fan parameters, the fan placement methods and draft ventilation. The calculation considers the aerodynamic resistance of the drying chamber with the part placed in it, the influence of free convection, heat loss and features of air distribution inside the shelter. Based on the results obtained, the authors proposed a calculation method that allows determining the temperature decrease inside the chamber relative to the temperature of the air coming from the heater. To automate the calculation results, a program has been developed to determine the parameters of air after heating with a fan heater. The results obtained makes it possible to solve an important practical problem of ensuring high quality of painting works in a tent-type shelters under various climatic conditions, including negative ambient temperatures due to a reliable forecast of the uneven temperature field in the painting chamber. The developed technique is designed for the rapid selection of heaters, including the supply of a fan, the power of the heating element, and the air temperature at the outlet of the heater depending on the ambient temperature, the permissible range of temperature changes of the paint, the geometric parameters of the tent shelter and the painted product. The scientific value of the study is the results of the study of mixed convection in the tent shelter, the revealed essential regularities of the process and the obtained criterion equation to calculate the temperature range of the paint coating of the product in the chamber. The obtained results have determined the ways to further increase of energy efficiency and to improve the design of tent shelters.

Chemical process modelling using the extracted informative data sets based on attenuating excitation inputs

BackgroundOperation designs on rapid developed advanced chemical processes require proper models and parameter identification of these models needs input-output data sets with high information content. The optimal parameter identification experiment requires additional persistently exciting input to excite the chemical process for informative data sets, which ensure the process dynamic information. However, the optimal identification experiment with persistently exciting input is a time-consuming, high-cost task which may interfere with the process operation. As the requirement of low-cost identification, these experiments cannot be applied, some limited external excitations or extracted informative segments from historical data can support chemical process modeling. MethodsAttenuating excitation is a typical limited excitation can be used as identification experiment input. This paper proposed the identification experiments using informative data sets composed of attenuating excitation inputs, designed by users or extracted from historical process data. A goal-orientated hybrid algorithm based on Expectation - Maximization method and Exhaustive method is proposed to achieve rapid and effective informative segments selection and obtain required parameter estimates. This method also can be used to verify the theorical attenuating excitation inputs design. Significant findingsA numerical case and an ethylene distillation column process demonstrate the feasibility of identification with attenuating excitation inputs and the robustness of the proposed algorithm. The result is capable for attenuating excitation input design or historical informative data mining for chemical process modeling, which has less or no impact and cost on chemical normal operations, decreases the process information waste and improves the data utilization.

Infection leaves a genetic and functional mark on the gut population of a commensal bacterium

Gastrointestinal infection changes microbiome composition and gene expression. In this study, we demonstrate that enteric infection also promotes rapid genetic adaptation in a gut commensal. Measurements of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron population dynamics within gnotobiotic mice reveal that these populations are relatively stable in the absence of infection, and the introduction of the enteropathogen Citrobacter rodentium reproducibly promotes rapid selection for a single-nucleotide variant with increased fitness. This mutation promotes resistance to oxidative stress by altering the sequence of a protein, IctA, that is essential for fitness during infection. We identified commensals from multiple phyla that attenuate the selection of this variant during infection. These species increase the levels of vitamin B6 in the gut lumen. Direct administration of this vitamin is sufficient to significantly reduce variant expansion in infected mice. Our work demonstrates that a self-limited enteric infection can leave a stable mark on resident commensal populations that increase fitness during infection.

Multi-condition wear prediction and assessment of milling cutters based on linear discriminant analysis and ensemble methods

Accurate prediction of tool wear in multi-conditions is still a thorny problem, and rapid and accurate construction of prediction models for multi-conditions is an essential part of achieving intelligent manufacturing. For multi-conditions, a novel method of rapid selection of milling tool wear prediction model based on linear discriminant analysis and the ensemble method was proposed in this paper. The linear discriminant analysis is used to divide similar working conditions, and determining the optimal prediction model for different working conditions relies on ensemble methods. Compared with the traditional transfer learning algorithm, the proposed method can be used for the rapid construction of new models and prediction of new working conditions, which are validated by real experiments. The results show that the selection of prediction models based on working condition division is superior to other models. Therefore, this method provides a guarantee for rapidly constructing accurate tool wear multi-condition predictive models.

Preparation of Molecularly Imprinted Cysteine Modified Zinc Sulfide Quantum Dots Based Sensor for Rapid Detection of Dopamine Hydrochloride.

By combining surface molecular imprinting technology with cysteine-modified ZnS quantum dots, an elegant, molecularly imprinted cysteine-modified Mn2+: ZnS QDs (MIP@ZnS QDs) based fluorescence sensor was successfully developed. The constructed fluorescence sensor is based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) coated on the surface cysteine-modified ZnS quantum dots and used for rapid fluorescence detection of dopamine hydrochloride. The MIP@ZnS quantum dots possess the advantages of rapid response, high sensitivity, and selectivity for the detection of dopamine hydrochloride molecules. Experimental results show that the adsorption equilibrium time of MIP@ZnS QDs for dopamine hydrochloride molecules is 12 min, and it can selectively capture and bind dopamine in the sample with an imprinting factor of 29.5. The fluorescence quenching of MIP@ZnS QDs has a good linear (R2 = 0.9936) with the concentration of dopamine hydrochloride ranged from 0.01 to 1.0 μM, and the limit of detection is 3.6 nM. In addition, The MIP@ZnS QDs demonstrate good recyclability and stability and are successfully employed for detection of dopamine hydrochloride in urine samples with recoveries was 95.2% to 103.8%. The proposed MIP@ZnS QDs based fluorescent sensor provides a promising approach for food safety detection and drug analysis.

A p21-GFP zebrafish model of senescence for rapid testing of senolytics in vivo.

Senescence drives the onset and severity of multiple ageing-associated diseases and frailty. As a result, there has been an increased interest in mechanistic studies and in the search for compounds targeting senescent cells, known as senolytics. Mammalian models are commonly used to test senolytics and generate functional and toxicity data at the level of organs and systems, yet this is expensive and time consuming. Zebrafish share high homology in genes associated with human ageing and disease. They can be genetically modified relatively easily. In larvae, most organs develop within 5 days of fertilisation and are transparent, which allows tracking of fluorescent cells in vivo in real time, testing drug off-target toxicity and assessment of cellular and phenotypic changes. Here, we have generated a transgenic zebrafish line that expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the promoter of a key senescence marker, p21. We show an increase in p21:GFP+ cells in larvae following exposure to ionising radiation and with natural ageing. p21:GFP+ cells display other markers of senescence, including senescence-associated β-galactosidase and IL6. The observed increase in senescent cells following irradiation is associated with a reduction in the thickness of muscle fibres and mobility, two important ageing phenotypes. We also show that quercetin and dasatinib, two senolytics currently in clinical trials, reduce the number of p21:GFP+ cells, in a rapid 5-day assay. This model provides an important tool to study senescence in a living organism, allowing the rapid selection of senolytics before moving to more expensive and time-consuming mammalian systems.

Spontaneous spheroids from alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stromal cells maintain pluripotency of stem cells by regulating hypoxia-inducible factors

BackgroundSpontaneous spheroid culture is a novel three-dimensional (3D) culture strategy for the rapid and efficient selection of progenitor cells. The objectives of this study are to investigate the pluripotency and differentiation capability of spontaneous spheroids from alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AB-MSCs); compare the advantages of spontaneous spheroids to those of mechanical spheroids; and explore the mechanisms of stemness enhancement during spheroid formation from two-dimensional (2D) cultured cells.MethodsAB-MSCs were isolated from the alveolar bones of C57BL/6 J mice. Spontaneous spheroids formed in low-adherence specific culture plates. The stemness, proliferation, and multi-differentiation capacities of spheroids and monolayer cultures were investigated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunofluorescence, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and oil-red O staining. The pluripotency difference between the spontaneous and mechanical spheroids was analyzed using RT-qPCR. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIFs) inhibition experiments were performed to explore the mechanisms of stemness maintenance in AB-MSC spheroids.ResultsAB-MSCs successfully formed spontaneous spheroids after 24 h. AB-MSC spheroids were positive for MSC markers and pluripotency markers (Oct4, KLF4, Sox2, and cMyc). Spheroids showed higher Ki67 expression and lower Caspase3 expression at 24 h. Under the corresponding conditions, the spheroids were successfully differentiated into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. AB-MSC spheroids can induce neural-like cells after neurogenic differentiation. Higher expression of osteogenic markers, adipogenic markers, and neurogenic markers (NF-M, NeuN, and GFAP) was found in spheroids than in the monolayer. Spontaneous spheroids exhibited higher stemness than mechanical spheroids did. HIF-1α and HIF-2α were remarkably upregulated in spheroids. After HIF-1/2α-specific inhibition, spheroid formation was significantly reduced. Moreover, the expression of the pluripotency genes was suppressed.ConclusionsSpontaneous spheroids from AB-MSCs enhance stemness and pluripotency. HIF-1/2α plays an important role in the stemness regulation of spheroids. AB-MSC spheroids exhibit excellent multi-differentiation capability, which may be a potent therapy for craniomaxillofacial tissue regeneration.

Abstract 1769: A combination approach of a cellular library and single cell microfluidics analysis for the rapid selection of CAR-T cells

Abstract Within the last decade CAR-T cells have changed the landscape of treatment regimen for leukemia and myeloma, which is reflected by the first FDA approval of this class of living drugs in 2017. As of today, the clinical trial situation aims on CAR-T applicability in solid tumors, which is more arduous due to antigen heterogeneity and limited CAR-T persistence. More personalized and multi-target oriented cellular products may offer a solution to overcome these problems but then CAR identification and selection display the major bottleneck in the drug development process. Usually, matching scFvs are selected from targeting screens of a phage-display library and hits are subsequently cloned in CAR backbones and tested for functionality and possible limiting factors as the occurrence of tonic signaling. This makes the whole process very time consuming and laborious. Within this project, we propose a novel CAR-T selection method that rapidly shortens the discovery procedure. We have developed a full length CAR library in nS/MARt DNA vectors that is electroporated in a Jurkat reporter cell line reflecting entirely its full diversity. By this, we can quickly identify the amount of tonic signaling CARs and exclude them from further selection. For on-target selection we first perform a bulk pre-selection followed by a single cell functionality screening using the Berkeley Lights Lightning™ device. This allows us to export hits as clonal viable cells that undergo long length Nanopore CAR-RNA sequencing. Our findings show the feasibility of our approach and that it can shorten the timeframe needed for the full selection process from weeks to days. Citation Format: Eren Boga, Luisa Berger, Alice De Roia, Inka Zörnig, Robert Embacher, Stefan B. Eichmüller, Dirk Jäger, Richard Harbottle, Patrick Schmidt. A combination approach of a cellular library and single cell microfluidics analysis for the rapid selection of CAR-T cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1769.

A Critical Review on Human Malaria and Schistosomiasis Vaccines: Current State, Recent Advancements, and Developments.

Malaria and schistosomiasis are two major parasitic diseases that remain leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Co-infections of these two parasites are common in the tropics, where both diseases are endemic. The clinical consequences of schistosomiasis and malaria are determined by a variety of host, parasitic, and environmental variables. Chronic schistosomiasis causes malnutrition and cognitive impairments in children, while malaria can cause fatal acute infections. There are effective drugs available to treat malaria and schistosomiasis. However, the occurrence of allelic polymorphisms and the rapid selection of parasites with genetic mutations can confer reduced susceptibility and lead to the emergence of drug resistance. Moreover, the successful elimination and complete management of these parasites are difficult due to the lack of effective vaccines against Plasmodium and Schistosoma infections. Therefore, it is important to highlight all current vaccine candidates undergoing clinical trials, such as pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic stage malaria, as well as a next-generation RTS,S-like vaccine, the R21/Matrix-M vaccine, that conferred 77% protection against clinical malaria in a Phase 2b trial. Moreover, this review also discusses the progress and development of schistosomiasis vaccines. Furthermore, significant information is provided through this review on the effectiveness and progress of schistosomiasis vaccines currently under clinical trials, such as Sh28GST, Sm-14, and Sm-p80. Overall, this review provides insights into recent progress in malarial and schistosomiasis vaccines and their developmental approaches.

Tejsavbaktérium-izolátumok egyes probiotikus tulajdonságainak in vitro vizsgálata

Bacteria carrying genes responsible for antibiotic resistance cannot be used in food production. For this reason,exploring the antibiotic resistance profile of probiotic candidates and the antimicrobial substances theyproduce are essential for probiotic strain selection. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate additionalelements of a complex in vitro test system for rapid and efficient selection of a large number of putativeprobiotic isolates. In a previous work, we had tested bacterial strains (n=217) isolated from Transylvanian rawsheep milk, cultured sheep milk, and sheep cheese samples and we reduced the sample number to a totalof six Gram-positive, non-hemolytic, catalase-negative, well-aggregating, good acid and bile acid toleratingstrains. In this research, we investigated the antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial production capacity of thepre-selected strains (n=6). The antimicrobial activity of the isolates was determined by the agar well diffusionassay. Strains E15, E66, E173, E198, and E216 were found to inhibit the growth of both Salmonella EnteridisATCC 13076 and the control strain (i.e., Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356). Antibiotic resistance testswere performed by the agar disk diffusion method. All six isolates belonging to the species of Levilactobacillusbrevis and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum were found to be resistant to several antibiotics and, therefore,cannot be used for the manufacture of commercial probiotic products. In conclusion, our in vitro test systemproved to be capable of effectively screening out unsafe isolates.

Bacterial Colony Phenotyping with Hyperspectral Elastic Light Scattering Patterns.

The elastic light-scatter (ELS) technique, which detects and discriminates microbial organisms based on the light-scatter pattern of their colonies, has demonstrated excellent classification accuracy in pathogen screening tasks. The implementation of the multispectral approach has brought further advantages and motivated the design and validation of a hyperspectral elastic light-scatter phenotyping instrument (HESPI). The newly developed instrument consists of a supercontinuum (SC) laser and an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF). The use of these two components provided a broad spectrum of excitation light and a rapid selection of the wavelength of interest, which enables the collection of multiple spectral patterns for each colony instead of relying on single band analysis. The performance was validated by classifying microflora of green-leafed vegetables using the hyperspectral ELS patterns of the bacterial colonies. The accuracy ranged from 88.7% to 93.2% when the classification was performed with the scattering pattern created at a wavelength within the 473-709 nm region. When all of the hyperspectral ELS patterns were used, owing to the vastly increased size of the data, feature reduction and selection algorithms were utilized to enhance the robustness and ultimately lessen the complexity of the data collection. A new classification model with the feature reduction process improved the overall classification rate to 95.9%.

An in vitro model of drug-resistant seizures for selecting clinically effective antiseizure medications in Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome.

FIRES is a rare epileptic encephalopathy induced by acute unremitting seizures that occur suddenly in healthy children or young adults after a febrile illness in the preceding 2 weeks. This condition results in high mortality, neurological disability, and drug-resistant epilepsy. The development of new therapeutics is hampered by the lack of validated experimental models. Our goal was to address this unmet need by providing a simple tool for rapid throughput screening of new therapies that target pathological inflammatory mechanisms in FIRES. The model was not intended to mimic the etiopathogenesis of FIRES which is still unknown, but to reproduce salient features of its clinical presentation such as the age, the cytokine storm and the refractoriness of epileptic activity to antiseizure medications (ASMs). We refined an in vitro model of mouse hippocampal/temporal cortex acute slices where drug-resistant epileptic activity is induced by zero Mg2+/100 μM 4-aminopirydine. Clinical evidence suggests that acute unremitting seizures in FIRES are promoted by neuroinflammation triggered in the brain by the preceding infection. We mimicked this inflammatory component by exposing slices for 30 min to 10 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS induced a sustained neuroinflammatory response, as shown by increased mRNA levels of IL-1β, CXCL1 (IL-8), TNF, and increased IL-1β/IL-1Ra ratio. Epileptiform activity was exacerbated by neuroinflammation, also displaying increased resistance to maximal therapeutic concentrations of midazolam (100 μM), phenytoin (50 μM), sodium valproate (800 μM), and phenobarbital (100 μM). Treatment of LPS-exposed slices with two immunomodulatory drugs, a mouse anti-IL-6 receptor antibody (100 μM) corresponding to tocilizumab in humans, or anakinra (1.3 μM) which blocks the IL-1 receptor type 1, delayed the onset of epileptiform events and strongly reduced the ASM-resistant epileptiform activity evoked by neuroinflammation. These drugs were shown to reduce ASM-refractory seizures in FIRES patients. The neuroinflammatory component and the pharmacological responsiveness of epileptiform events provide a proof-of-concept validation of this in vitro model for the rapid selection of new treatments for acute ASM-refractory seizures in FIRES.

A fitting algorithm based on multi-touch gesture for rapid generation of railway line

Human-computer interaction (HCI) technology plays a critically essential role in the computer-aided design of railway line locations. However, the traditional interactive design with a mouse+keyboard cannot well meet the rapid generation requirements of the railway line during scheme discussion. This research presents a fitting algorithm for the rapid generation of railway lines by using a multi-touch gesture algorithm. The fitting method from free hand-drawing lines to satisfied railway lines is proposed. Then the interactive operation hand gestures are defined and implemented into the railway line location design. The hand-drawing lines generated by defined gestures are automatically fitted with the target horizontal line by using the inflection detection algorithm based on Euclidean Distance (ED). Meanwhile, the vertical line can be fitted by a similar algorithm with an extreme point-to-point (EPP) and chord-to-point distance accumulation (CPDA). Moreover, a real-world example verification is carried out. The multi-touch gesture algorithm is applied for the automatic fitting of the railway line. Compared with the traditional interactive methods, the consumption time of railway line generation by using the multi-touch interactive mode is decreased by about 15%. This research provides fundamental support for rapid scheme discussion of railway line generation based on natural HCI, which is well-matched with modern handheld devices, and the requirements of rapid selection as well as the quick comparison of railway line schemes in the early stage of design.

The P323L substitution in the SARS-CoV-2 polymerase (NSP12) confers a selective advantage during infection

BackgroundThe mutational landscape of SARS-CoV-2 varies at the dominant viral genome sequence and minor genomic variant population. During the COVID-19 pandemic, an early substitution in the genome was the D614G change in the spike protein, associated with an increase in transmissibility. Genomes with D614G are accompanied by a P323L substitution in the viral polymerase (NSP12). However, P323L is not thought to be under strong selective pressure.ResultsInvestigation of P323L/D614G substitutions in the population shows rapid emergence during the containment phase and early surge phase during the first wave. These substitutions emerge from minor genomic variants which become dominant viral genome sequence. This is investigated in vivo and in vitro using SARS-CoV-2 with P323 and D614 in the dominant genome sequence and L323 and G614 in the minor variant population. During infection, there is rapid selection of L323 into the dominant viral genome sequence but not G614. Reverse genetics is used to create two viruses (either P323 or L323) with the same genetic background. L323 shows greater abundance of viral RNA and proteins and a smaller plaque morphology than P323.ConclusionsThese data suggest that P323L is an important contribution in the emergence of variants with transmission advantages. Sequence analysis of viral populations suggests it may be possible to predict the emergence of a new variant based on tracking the frequency of minor variant genomes. The ability to predict an emerging variant of SARS-CoV-2 in the global landscape may aid in the evaluation of medical countermeasures and non-pharmaceutical interventions.

Continuous and highly accurate multi-material extrusion-based bioprinting with optical coherence tomography imaging.

Extrusion-based bioprinting is a widely used approach to construct artificial organs or tissues in the medical fields due to its easy operation and good ability to combine multimaterial. Nevertheless, the current technology is limited to some printing errors when combining multi-material printing, including mismatch between printing filaments of different materials and error deposited materials (e.g., under-extrusion and overextrusion). These errors will affect the function of the printed structure (e.g., mechanical and biological properties), and the traditional manual correction methods are inefficient in time and material, so an automatic procedure is needed to improve multimaterial printing accuracy and efficiency. However, to the best of our knowledge, very few automated procedure can achieve the registration between printing filaments of different materials. Herein, we utilized optical coherence tomography (OCT) to monitor printing process and presented a multi-material static model and a time-related control model in extrusion-based multi-material bioprinting. Specifically, the multi-material static model revealed the relationship between printed filament metrics (filament size and layer thickness) and printing parameters (printing speeds or pressures) with different materials, which enables the registration of printing filaments by rapid selection of printing parameters for the materials, while time-related control model could correct control parameters of nozzles to reduce the material deposition error at connection point between nozzles in a short time. According to the experimental results of singlelayer scaffold and multi-layer scaffold, material deposition error is eliminated, and the same layer thickness between different materials of the same layer is achieved, which proves the accuracy and practicability of these models. The proposed models could achieve improved precision of printed structure and printing efficiency.

Machine-Guided Design of Oxidation-Resistant Superconductors for Quantum Information Applications

Decoherence in superconducting qubits has long been attributed to two-level systems arising from the surfaces and interfaces present in real devices. A recent significant step in reducing decoherence was the replacement of superconducting niobium by superconducting tantalum, resulting in a tripling of transmon qubit lifetimes (T1). The identity, thickness, and quality of the native surface oxide, is thought to play a major role, as tantalum only has one oxide whereas niobium has several. Here we report the development of a thermodynamic metric to rank materials based on their potential to form a well-defined, thin, surface oxide. We first computed this metric for known binary and ternary metal alloys using data available from the Materials Project and experimentally validated the strengths and limits of this metric through the preparation and controlled oxidation of eight known metal alloys. Then we trained a convolutional neural network to predict the value of this metric from atomic composition and atomic properties. This allowed us to compute the metric for materials that are not present in the Materials Project, including a large selection of known superconductors, and, when combined with Tc, allowed us to identify new candidate superconductors for quantum information science and engineering (QISE) applications. We tested the oxidation resistance of a pair of these predictions experimentally. Our results are expected to lay the foundation for the tailored and rapid selection of improved superconductors for QISE.

Visual Volatile-Compound Fingerprint Based on Headspace Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry Combined with Chemometrics Analysis and Exploration in the Authentic Identification of Lonicerae japonicae flos.

Headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometric (HS-GC-IMS) fingerprint of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF, Jinyinhua in Chinese) was developed. This method, combined with chemometrics analysis, was explored in the identification of authentic LJF. Seventy VOCs were identified from LJF, including aldehydes, ketones, esters, etc. The developed volatile-compound fingerprint based on HS-GC-IMS coupled with PCA analysis can successfully discriminate LJF from its adulterant: Lonicerae japonicae(LJ, called Shanyinhua in China) and can equally discriminate the LJF samples from different geographical origins of China. Total of four (compound 120, compound 184, 2-heptanone and 2-heptanone#2) and nine VOCs (styrene, compound 41, 3z-hexenol, methylpyrazine, hexanal#2, compound 78, compound 110, compound 124 and compound 180) were exploited, which might serve as the chemical markers for the difference of LJF, LJ and LJF from different regions of China. The result showed that the fingerprint based on HS-GC-IMS combined with PCA exhibited distinct advantages, such as rapid, intuitive and powerful selectivity, which demonstrated great application potential in the authentic identification of LJF.

Water-Soluble Fullerene C60 Derivatives Are Effective Inhibitors of Influenza Virus Replication

The influenza virus genome features a very high mutation rate leading to the rapid selection of drug-resistant strains. Due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains, there is a need for the further development of new potent antivirals against influenza with a broad activity spectrum. Thus, the search for a novel, effective broad-spectrum antiviral agent is a top priority of medical science and healthcare systems. In this paper, derivatives based on fullerenes with broad virus inhibiting activities in vitro against a panel of influenza viruses were described. The antiviral properties of water-soluble fullerene derivatives were studied. It was demonstrated that the library of compounds based on fullerenes has cytoprotective activity. Maximum virus-inhibiting activity and minimum toxicity were found with compound 2, containing residues of salts of 2-amino-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid (CC50 > 300 µg/mL, IC50 = 4.73 µg/mL, SI = 64). This study represents the initial stage in a study of fullerenes as anti-influenza drugs. The results of the study lead us conclude that five leading compounds (1-5) have pharmacological prospects.

Rapid selection of a cefiderocol-resistant Escherichia coli producing NDM-5 associated with a single amino acid substitution in the CirA siderophore receptor.

Cefiderocol is a novel siderophore-conjugated cephalosporin that is very promising for the treatment of infections caused by MDR bacteria. Its main advantages reside in its stability against MBLs for which no other commercially β-lactam can be used to date, and its uptake using the bacterial iron transport system in addition of porins.1 However, its first clinical uses also revealed acquired resistance mechanisms in Enterobacterales.2–6 Here, we describe the in vivo selection of a cefiderocol-resistant Escherichia coli ST361 producing NDM-5 after a short exposure to the antibiotic. Two isolates (E. coli 308F7 and 308F8) isolated from blood samples from the same patient 15 days apart were sent to the French National Reference Center (NRC) for antimicrobial resistance for expertise. During this period, the patient had been treated with cefiderocol for 10 days (2 g × 3/day). A homemade Carba-NP test coupled with the lateral flow immunoassay NG-Test CARBA 5 assay (NG Biotech, Guipry, France) revealed the production of an NDM-like carbapenemase. MICs were determined by commercial lyophilized broth microdilution (BMD) plates (EUMDROXF Sensititre®, Thermo Scientific, Les Ulis, France), and interpreted using EUCAST guidelines. Both isolates exhibited the same phenotype with high resistance to all β-lactams. The first isolate (E. coli 308F7, accession number JANUGM000000000) was susceptible to cefiderocol (MIC = 2 mg/L) whereas the second isolate (308F8, accession number JANUGN000000000) was resistant (MIC > 8 mg/L, Table S1). Both isolates belonged to ST361, determined by the MLST v2.0 tool (https://cge.food.dtu.dk/services/MLST/).

Electrochemical Sensing of Triazole Drugs based on Carbon Based Nanocomposites: A Review

India is the nation with international boarder wherein a huge number of soldiers are deployed. Fungal infections are a common complaints suffered by military personnel at warm, damp or wet environments. Anti-fungal drugs have their application in the treatment of fungal infections. They do so by either killing or controlling the fungi in the host with low toxicity. The Heterocyclic compounds with triazole linkages are known for their effective anticancer and antifungal properties. The sensitive, robust, reproducible quantification of triazole can take place at fast rates without any involvement of multiple steps of sample preparation. This is all possible because of the electrochemical activity of the triazole. There has been a significant increase in Carbon-based nanomaterials being preferred for sensor materials development. The properties of Carbon-based nanomaterials such as inherent electrical conductivity, chemical stability, strong adsorption capacity, and good biocompatibility are what make it preferable. The materials with these properties include an array of carbon compounds such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes, carbon nanofibers, carbon black, etc. CNTs are often counted in the list of important carbonaceous materials and they're also suitable for the fabrication of the electrodes. This is possible because of its high surface area, and good electrical properties. The materials based on CNTs are used to produce sensors that are hybrid in nature, drug delivery, and high-performance composites for plants to identify pathogens. Methods based on high performance liquid and thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography and spectrophotometry involves a series of sample preparations and are executed over costly equipments. Owing to numerous advantages such as rapid response, high performance, cost effective, high sensitivity and selectivity, electrochemical sensors became increasingly promising tool over other conventional analytical methods. Nanohybrid based electrochemical sensor is used for trace level estimation of triazole drugs in pharmaceutical dosage and biological samples.