Rapid Restoration Research Articles

Dynamic Analysis for Enhancing Urban Resilience Against Public Health Emergencies of International Concern

The frequent occurrence of Public Health Emergencies of International Concern (PHEIC) has posed significant challenges to urban public health, economic, and social systems, exposing gaps in urban resilience. This study developed a dynamic urban resilience assessment framework against PHEIC based on the system dynamics method, integrating index analysis and the SEIR (susceptible–exposed–infectious–recovered) epidemiological model to investigate the interactions and dynamic evolution of urban subsystems in New York, Hong Kong, and Nanjing during the COVID-19 epidemic. The findings revealed significant differences in the response mechanisms and recovery capacities across subsystems. For example, the stringent lockdowns policy in New York curbed virus spread and heavily impacted economic activities; the “close to Dynamic zero of COVID-19” policy in Hong Kong demonstrated stronger resilience in balancing public health and economic recovery; the dynamic control measures in Nanjing China allowed for the rapid restoration of urban functions with minimal resilience fluctuations. Although strict control measures can effectively suppress disease spread, they can have profound economic and social impacts. More scientific strategies, such as those seen in Hong Kong and Nanjing, offer a more balanced approach to managing both epidemic control and urban function recovery, providing key insights for future PHEIC response strategies.

CHANGES IN THE GLOBAL ENERGY SECTOR CAUSED BY RUSSIA'S WAR AGAINST UKRAINE

Problems. The Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia's refusal to accept the planned volumes of natural gas to the countries of the European Union caused a global energy and financial crisis, and changed the movement towards the development of renewable energy. the transition to sustainable and clean energy sources has become problematic for many countries. Objective. General review and analytical analysis of trends in the development of energy consumption and the introduction of renewable sources in electric power systems in 2017-2023 using the results of research International Energy Agency (IEA), listed in World Energy Outlook (WEO) [1-6]. Methodology of implementation Trends in the development of the world system of renewable power plants to ensure climate neutrality, zero emissions, and a clean ecological environment have been analyzed for the study of the topic article. The study of changes and ways to limit the negative consequences of hostilities in Europe and the Middle East was carried out according to the long-term plans of the IEA. Results. An overview of changes in the structure of energy resources in the world energy balance is presented. It is shown that the energy crisis has led to a sharp increase in the production of fossil fuels, primarily coal and oil. The construction of new capacities for the production of 250 billion tons of liquefied gas has begun. in order to stabilize fuel prices and reduce the price of electricity. Statistical and forecast information on the structure of the world energy balance and annual electricity production by types of generation is provided. The environmental negative consequences registered for the last three years are considered: increased CO2 emissions; air pollution with fine dust; pollution of soils and water horizons; changes in climatic indicators. The problems that have arisen for the implementation of new projects for the construction of renewable sources, the development of electric power infrastructure, security and reliability of power supply are analyzed. An analysis of the proposed measures under several scenarios to increase the production and use of solar, wind and nuclear energy, reduce dependence on traditional energy sources and the prospect of zero carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 is carried out. Conclusions. Actions aimed at reducing energy consumption, projected reduction in fuel prices, planned restarts of nuclear power and further implementation of renewable power plants – these are the proposed measures that make it possible to solve the problems that have arisen around the world. Confidence in meeting the tasks is confirmed by 83 countries and the European Union to meet their commitments to achieve zero carbon dioxide emissions on time and in full. Learning from the experience and directions of development of the world energy sector will create an opportunity for the rapid restoration of the energy structure in Ukraine in the post-war period.

Shear force-ROS sequential responsive drug delivery system for improving cerebral thrombosis microcirculation and neurological function.

The ischemic strokes seriously threaten human health with high incidence and disability rates. Cerebral embolism and impaired brain function are the two major clinical features of this disease. Therefore, rapid restoration of cerebral blood supply and synchronous improvement of impaired neurological function is the key to treating strokes. Herein, based on the microenvironment of cerebral thrombosis and pathological characteristics of damaged neurons, we constructed a shear force and reactive oxygen species (ROS) dual-responsive system (UK@Fuc/CDPC-PTPCS) for sequential targeted delivery of thrombolytic agent urokinase (UK) and neuroprotective drug cytosolic choline (CDPC). Results proved that after intravenous administration, UK@Fuc/CDPC-PTPCS can quickly locate to cerebral thrombosis site via the active recognition capability of fucoidan (Fuc) to P-selectin overexpressed on activated platelets. Subsequently, the sharply increased blood shear force separated the core-shell structure by breaking the host-guest interaction of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), so the UK loaded in the shell was first released to rapid thrombolysis and then restored cerebral blood supply. Afterward, the stroke homing peptide (SHp) modified CDPC-PTPCS core actively recognized ischemic damaged neuronal cells. Then high intracellular ROS triggered CDPC release at specific sites to exert neuroprotective effects. This study offered a new therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke.

A visually-induced optogenetically-engineered system enables autonomous glucose homeostasis in mice.

With the global population increasing and the demographic shifting toward an aging society, the number of patients diagnosed with conditions such as peripheral neuropathies resulting from diabetes is expected to rise significantly. This growing health burden has emphasized the need for innovative solutions, such as brain-computer interfaces. brain-computer interfaces, a multidisciplinary field that integrates neuroscience, engineering, and computer science, enable direct communication between the human brain and external devices. In this study, we developed an autonomous diabetes therapeutic system that employs visually-induced electroencephalography devices to capture and decode event-related potentials using machine learning techniques. We present the visually-induced optogenetically-engineered system for therapeutic expression regulation (VISITER), which generates diverse output commands to control illumination durations. This system regulates insulin expression through optogenetically-engineered cells, achieving blood glucose homeostasis in mice. Our results demonstrate that VISITER effectively and precisely modulates therapeutic protein expression in mammalian cells, facilitating the rapid restoration of blood glucose homeostasis in diabetic mice. These findings underscore the potential for diabetic patients to manage insulin levels autonomously by focusing on target images, paving the way for a more self-directed approach to blood glucose control.

Innovative strategies for the rapid restoration of intestinal function in patients undergoing abdominal surgery: use of probiotics. Pilot study of 15 patients.

The clinical value of probiotics in patients undergoing abdominal surgery, particularly colorectal surgery, remains uncertain despite their well-documented health benefits. This pilot randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the effects of perioperative and postoperative oral administration of two probiotics, Clostridium butyricum CBM588® and Bifidobacterium longum ES1, on immune function, systemic inflammatory response, postoperative infections, and recovery after colorectal surgery. Fifteen adult patients underwent colorectal resection, with two groups receiving probiotics and one acting as a control. Blood and fecal samples were collected, and clinical parameters were assessed. Results showed the safety of probiotics, resistance to antibiotics and gastric acid, and potential benefits in reducing postoperative infections and intestinal inflammation. Future trials should provide more conclusive evidence on the efficacy and safety of perioperative probiotic administration in colorectal surgery, aiming for improved patient outcomes and reduced healthcare costs.

Identification of Anthropogenic Impact and Indicators of Landscape Transformation in the Fatala River Basin (Republic of Guinea)

The aim of this study is to identify the main factors of anthropogenic impact and indicators of landscape transformation in the Fatala River Basin in the Republic of Guinea. Our fieldwork in the Boke and Kindia regions was the main source of materials and data. The landscape and ecological situation of nine key study plots were characterized. These key plots make up a representative series of transformed and natural landscapes. We complemented our fieldwork with Landsat satellite image analysis. We learned that the main factors of anthropogenic impact in the Fatala River Basin are the systematic burning of vegetation, mechanical disturbances of soil and vegetation cover, the depletion of fertile topsoil, grazing, and the littering of the landscape with household waste. The indicators of landscape transformation are deforestation, changes in the natural vegetation cover, and mechanically disturbed lands. We identified five main stages of agro-landscape development, starting from the clearing of a plot by burning vegetation (stage I) and ending with the completion of the agricultural activity in the plot and its abandonment to restore the topsoil (stage V). The limiting factors of nature management are elevation differences, the rapid restoration of vegetation cover, and rocky/gravelly substrate. It is possible to identify transformed landscapes in large or hard-to-reach regions using satellite images. Thus, natural or quasi-natural landscapes can be identified based on the lower surface temperature relative to the surrounding lands. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference moisture index (NDMI) could be useful for identifying agricultural pasture plots within a tropical forest using long-term satellite data series. We revealed a tendency for landscape deterioration in the middle and upper parts of the Fatala River Basin, while vegetation cover is being restored in the lower part of the basin. Finally, we propose some measures to rehabilitate transformed landscapes and increase the efficiency of agricultural production in the study region.

ATP Restoration by ATP-Deprived Cultured Primary Astrocytes

A high cellular concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is essential to fuel many important functions of brain astrocytes. Although cellular ATP depletion has frequently been reported for astrocytes, little is known on the metabolic pathways that contribute to ATP restoration by ATP-depleted astrocytes. Incubation of cultured primary rat astrocytes in glucose-free buffer for 60 min with the mitochondrial uncoupler BAM15 lowered the cellular ATP content by around 70%, the total amount of adenosine phosphates by around 50% and the adenylate energy charge (AEC) from 0.9 to 0.6. Testing for ATP restoration after removal of the uncoupler revealed that the presence of glucose as exclusive substrate allowed the cells to restore within 6 h around 80% of the initial ATP content, while coapplication of adenosine plus glucose enabled the cells to fully restore their initial ATP content within 60 min. A rapid but incomplete and transient ATP restoration was found for astrocytes that had been exposed to adenosine alone. This restoration was completely prevented by application of the pyruvate uptake inhibitor UK5099, the respiratory chain inhibitor antimycin A or by the continuous presence of BAM15. However, the presence of these compounds strongly accelerated the release of lactate from the cells, suggesting that the ribose moiety of adenosine can serve as substrate to fuel some ATP restoration via mitochondrial metabolism. Finally, the adenosine-accelerated ATP restoration in glucose-fed astrocytes was inhibited by the presence of the adenosine kinase inhibitor ABT-702. These data demonstrate that astrocytes require for a rapid and complete ATP restoration the presence of both glucose as substrate and adenosine as AMP precursor.

Iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease – what is known?

Anemia is the most common disease in the world, affecting about 30–40% of people. Children, adolescents, and women are most often affected by anemia. The main causes of true iron deficiency (ID and IDA) are insufficient iron intake, increased iron loss (chronic bleeding), increased iron requirement, and impaired iron absorption (gastrointestinal diseases). Chronic diseases, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases, obesity cause an increase in the synthesis of hepcidin in the liver and block the entry of iron into the bloodstream, leading to functional iron deficiency. Anemia of chronic diseases (ACD) or anemia of chronic inflammation (the second most common anemia) is associated with the fact that iron is present in the body, but the absorption of iron in various areas is limited. Until recently, it was believed that treatment with iron supplements in the absence of iron deficiency does not bring benefit to patients with ACD. The opinion has been repeatedly expressed about the harm of iron therapy, since iron is necessary for the growth of some pathogenic microorganisms and tumor cells. However, the real clinical significance of these mainly theoretical provisions is unknown. Therefore, the prescription of iron preparations for anemia is justified and logical. Ferrous sulfate (ferrous iron) is most often prescribed orally due to its low cost, high bioavailability and effectiveness. The drug Tardiferon, containing iron sulphate 247.25 mg (in terms of iron (II) 80.00 mg), is widely used in patients with IDA and ID, since divalent iron has a high ability to overcome the intestinal barrier by “passive” transport and quickly create high concentrations in the blood, restoring the level of hemoglobin and iron stores in the body. The drug Tardiferon has a relatively low dose of iron – 80 mg with slow-release technology to avoid irritating effects on the intestine, contributing to good tolerability. A number of studies confirmed a high safety profile – patients did not refuse to take the drug due to side effects. Timely examination and identification of patients with anemia allows you to prescribe an effective correction. The drug Tardiferon promotes rapid restoration of hemoglobin and iron stores in the body and has good tolerability.

Microfluidic colorimetric biosensor for rapid and sensitive detection of Shewanella oneidensis MR‑1

Extracellular respiratory bacteria (ERB) assume a significant role in biological and environmental remediation, so the rapid detection of ERB is essential to monitor its biological repair process. This study developed a microfluidic colorimetric biosensor for rapid and sensitive detection of ERB model strain Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. In the process of separation and enrichment of bacteria based on immune magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), the biological signal is significantly amplified by the excellent peroxidase activity of flower-like CoOOH (FL-CoOOH). Firstly, immune MNPs, samples and immune FL-CoOOH were mixed and incubated within the microfluidic chip’s channel. Magnetic capture in the separation chamber yielded MNP-bacteria-CoOOH complex. Then, 3, 3′, 5, 5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate was added to make the FL-CoOOH nanozyme catalyze the formation of yellow product. Finally, the target bacteria in the microplate were quantitatively detected. Based on the excellent simulated enzyme activity and stability of FL-CoOOH, the detection can be completed within 45 min after the introduction of the microfluidic chip. The detection was 5×101∼5×106 CFU/mL. Compared with the previously reported colorimetric sensors for MR-1, the sensitivity was increased by 99.54 % to 23 CFU/mL. This study uniquely integrates optical sensors and microfluidic technology for rapid ERB detection with enhanced portability. The design of biosensor can facilitate further investigations into extracellular respiration mechanisms and rapid ecological environment restoration applications.

091. Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Breast Cancer Surgery Care in 8 Institutiona Around Southeast and South Asia

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic brought about unprecedented disruptions to surgical services globally, which could have led to delays in surgical care for breast cancer patients. This study analysed the institutional responses of tertiary hospitals from selected Asian countries to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We identified all patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer from 16 institutions (9 countries: Singapore, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka and Vietnam) from 11 Mar 2020 to 10 Mar 2021 (“covid”) and compared them to those diagnosed 11 Mar 2019 to 10 Mar 2020 (“precovid”). The following data were collected and retrospectively analysed: number of breast cancer surgeries and timeliness of surgery (days from diagnosis to surgery); type of surgery (breast conserving surgery [BCS], mastectomy without [Ms] and with reconstruction [MRecon]), and clinical stage at diagnosis. Results: 4816 patients (2550 in “precovid” and 2266 in “covid” cohort) were included. Median age at diagnosis was 57 for both cohorts (r, 20-117) (p=0.79). In overall number of cases (n=4877), there is no statistically significant difference between pre- (n=2515, 51.6%) v. covid (n=2362, 48.4%) period (p=0.26). Sequence of treatments was similar in both cohorts (upfront surgery [n=3983 cases, 53.7% v. 46.3%, p=0.08; or surgery after neoadjuvant therapy [n=878 cases, 48.9% v. 51.1%, p=0.79]). Five of 16 institutions experienced a decrease in number of surgeries (p<0.05) during the first year of the pandemic, and across all 3 types of surgery, while 1 institution received more cases (p=0.002). Two other institutions had statistically significant more patients with neoadjuvant therapy (p=0.003 and p<0.001) and 1 of these two showed an increase in BCS (p=0.04) and MRecon (p=0.04) cases during covid compared to the precovid period. Five of 12 institutions had significantly longer waiting time from diagnosis to surgery (p<0.05). Trend analysis per quartile during covid period demonstrated that number of surgeries and timeliness dipped mainly in the first quartile, followed by rapid rebound in surgeries across all institutions in the next 2 quartiles. There was no difference in clinical stage at presentation in the 2 time periods. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic initially impacted the number of breast cancer surgeries performed by institutions in Asia. This was followed by rapid adaptation and restoration of surgical services by institutions.

Culprit vessel revascularization prior to complete angiography as a strategy to minimize delays in primary percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The rapid restoration of blood flow in patients with acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation through percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is crucial for the survival of this population. Attempts to decrease the time from diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) to arrival at the catheterization laboratory have been extensively investigated. However, strategies during the procedure aiming to reduce the time to reperfusion are lacking. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate culprit vessel revascularization prior to complete angiography as a strategy to minimize delays in primary PCI for patients with STEMI. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central. Outcomes: vascular access-to-balloon, door-to-balloon, and first medical contact-to-balloon times; death, reinfarction in 30 days, Bleeding Academic Research Consortium ≥3 type, coronary artery bypass grafting referral, and left ventricular ejection fraction %. Statistical analysis was performed using the R program (version 4.3.2). Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 statistics. We included 2050 patients from six studies, of which two were randomized controlled trials and four were observational studies. Culprit vessel revascularization prior to complete angiography was associated with a statistically significant decrease of times: vascular access-to-balloon time (mean difference -6.79 min; 95% CI: -8.00 to -5.58; P < 0.01; I2 = 82%) and door-to-balloon time (mean difference -9.02 min; 95% CI: -12.83 to -5.22; P < 0.01; I2 = 93%). In this meta-analysis, performing PCI on the culprit lesion prior to complete coronary angiography led to significantly shorter reperfusion times, with no discernible differences in complication rates.

Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Protective Effects of Plant-Derived Natural Active Compounds.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of death among patients with cardiovascular diseases. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been the preferred clinical treatment for AMI due to its safety and efficiency. However, research indicates that the rapid restoration of myocardial oxygen supply following PCI can lead to secondary myocardial injury, termed myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), posing a grave threat to patient survival. Despite ongoing efforts, the mechanisms underlying MIRI are not yet fully elucidated. Among them, oxidative stress and inflammation stand out as critical pathophysiological mechanisms, playing significant roles in MIRI. Natural compounds have shown strong clinical therapeutic potential due to their high efficacy, availability, and low side effects. Many current studies indicate that natural compounds can mitigate MIRI by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Therefore, this paper reviews the mechanisms of oxidative stress and inflammation during MIRI and the role of natural compounds in intervening in these processes, aiming to provide a basis and reference for future research and development of drugs for treating MIRI.

Measuring post-disaster accessibility to essential goods and services: proximity, availability, adequacy, and acceptability dimensions

Rapid restoration of access to essential goods and services has long been regarded as paramount for community recovery. Yet, there remains ambiguity in how access should be defined, measured, or operationalized. Defining accessibility as the ability to use available goods and services with a reasonable level of effort and cost requires evaluating it across six dimensions (proximity, availability, adequacy, acceptability, affordability, and awareness) while considering the perspective of both users and providers in the evaluation. But common distance-based metrics that focus solely on physical access and travel time often fall short of fully capturing these requirements, overlooking the user's perception. This paper introduces a new spatio-temporal accessibility metric that combines four out of these six dimensions, including proximity, acceptability, adequacy, and availability. The metric considers uncertainty in measuring each dimension and addresses both user and provider perspectives in measuring the acceptability and adequacy dimensions. The variation in the metric across the disaster timeline serves as a proxy for community recovery. The metric aligns with common engineering-oriented functionality-based resilience frameworks as the functionality level of the providers has been incorporated in its development. Operating at the household level, the metric determines the ratio of post-disruption access time to the intended good or service against its pre-disruption access time and yields a unitless ratio between zero and one, with zero expressing a total loss in accessibility and one signifying the same level of accessibility as pre-disruption. The proposed metric, while being scientifically principled, is a practical tool whose output is easily understood even by non-expert individuals. The metric is illustrated for schools and pharmacies using the Lumberton Testbed and data collected following the 2016 flood in Lumberton, North Carolina after Hurricane Matthew. Findings provide new insight into recovery plan prioritization and can be used to trigger protective actions. The paper concludes by discussing issues and barriers related to developing and validating accessibility metrics while highlighting areas for future research.

Socioecological impacts of pine monocultures on Guaraní territories in Argentina: the hidden costs of modern development

ABSTRACT This study examines the socioenvironmental impacts of pine (Pinus taeda) monocultures established by forestry companies on Guaraní territories in the Province of Misiones, Argentina. Conducted from an interdisciplinary perspective, the research addresses the concerns of a Guaraní community (Puente Quemado II) about the effects on their way of life and the potential toxicological risks resulting from changes to their territory, including large monocultures of pine. By incorporating inputs from ethnography, ethnobiology, biology, ecology, ecotoxicology and toxicology, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of the impacts of the forest monoculture system on the communities. The findings indicate that the implementation of the monoculture system has negative impacts on the communities in terms of cultural and material resources, as well as toxicological risks. Collectively, these factors represent a high risk to their existence within the territory. However, conditions in the area allow rapid ecological restoration, which, with appropriate policies, could serve as a strategy for historical repair efforts and the fulfillmentt of indigenous communities’ rights.

Severe multiple injuries in a 15-year-old boy with pelvic fracture complete anterior dislocation of the sacroiliac joint and rupture of the internal and external iliac arteries: A case report of a rare injury.

Anterior dislocation of the sacroiliac joint combined with pelvic fractures is relatively rare in clinical practice. It is often associated with hemodynamic instability and severe injuries to other regions, resulting in a complex condition, prolonged treatment duration, and high rates of mortality and disability. However, there are few reports in the literature describing the diagnosis and treatment of anterior dislocation of the sacroiliac joint. In this case, the patient sustained a pelvic fracture with anterior sacroiliac joint dislocation and rupture of both the internal and external iliac arteries following a motor vehicle accident, making it an even rarer and more challenging case to treat. Reporting such cases can enhance the understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of anterior sacroiliac joint dislocation with rupture of the iliac arteries and provide valuable references for similar cases. The patient was riding an electric bicycle and was hit by a small truck, resulting in a pelvic fracture, anterior dislocation of the sacroiliac joint, and rupture of the internal and external iliac arteries. The patient was diagnosed with open pelvic fracture (type C1.2), left complete anterior dislocation of the sacroiliac joint, left acetabular fracture, left internal and external iliac arteriovenous rupture. emergency room resuscitation, intensive care unit resuscitation, 6 surgeries and perioperative management. He has been discharged from the hospital for more than 1 year and was rechecked every month after discharge, the fracture has healed, there is no obvious pain and discomfort in and around the wound, he has been fitted with a prosthesis, and he is doing the walking function exercise. Pelvic fracture with anterior sacroiliac dislocation is clinically rare and critical, and is associated with large vessel rupture, severe organ damage, and high mortality and disability rates. Rapid restoration of pelvic stability and hemodynamic stability is the key to treatment. Rapid transfer to a tertiary trauma center, rapid examination through the green channel to clarify the diagnosis, close intensive care, and reasonable multidisciplinary teamwork for surgical intervention are all valuable experiences that we have concluded.

Концептуальні засади визначення ефективності виконання завдань і заходів державних цільових програм розвитку для підвищення ефективності управління автомобільними дорогами

Introduction. Effective functioning of road transport is only possible when the quantitative growth, quality level, and technical condition of roads meet the demands of road transport. This combination of road network characteristics can only be achieved with adequate funding to implement all planned works. Investments in road infrastructure can become a catalyst for economic recovery and growth, as they will improve logistics capabilities, reduce freight and passenger transportation costs, and enhance regional competitiveness. Problem Statement. In the first decades of independence, the road industry faced chronic underfunding, which negatively affected its development. The situation worsened with the full-scale military aggression of the Russian Federation in 2024. According to the World Bank's “Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment (RDNA3)” report, post-war recovery needs for public roads and bridges alone are estimated at around USD 28.8 billion. For the rapid and quality restoration and development of Ukraine, this issue is critically important, as the state of the roads affects transportation costs, prices, employment levels, and the overall pace of economic development. Furthermore, the full-scale invasion by the Russian Federation raises questions about ensuring reliable logistics routes, prompt transportation of humanitarian aid, and the country's defense capabilities.

Renal Artery Blood Flow and Surface Parenchymal Perfusion During Renal Artery Endoshunting in a Porcine Model

ObjectiveIschaemia and reperfusion can result in permanent tissue damage. During complex open abdominal aortic surgery, transient clamping of renovisceral arteries may be required to successfully complete the vascular repair. Endovascular shunting (endoshunting) presents an alternative technique for managing such temporary renovisceral ischaemia. This study aimed to investigate the performance of endoshunting to the renal circulation in a porcine model. MethodsThis study of five domestic pigs investigated arterial volume flow rates during endoshunting of a single renal artery and the associated impact on renal perfusion parameters (laser Doppler renal parenchymal perfusion, renal oxygen extraction, and selective urinary output). The study was performed in three steps: baseline registrations (30 minutes), endoshunting (120 minutes), and restitution (60 minutes). The right kidney was used as the experimental side and the left kidney as control. ResultsThe median arterial flow rate in the left control kidney remained constant throughout the experiment. On the right (endoshunted) side, the baseline median arterial flow rate was 267 (range, 160 – 404) mL/min. Following activation of the endoshunt, the median arterial volume flow dropped by 59% to 110 (range, 45 – 150) mL/min (p = .018). During endoshunting, the median kidney surface perfusion decreased to 42% of the baseline value. On the control side, a rise in the median parenchymal perfusion was observed after endoshunt activation, which was again normalised following restitution of native right renal artery flow. During endoshunting, the median regional urine production was 0.32 (range, 0.12 – 0.50) mL/hour but resumed after renal artery flow restitution. ConclusionOn average, the endoshunted kidneys showed a rapid restoration of blood flow, parenchymal perfusion, and urine production after 120 minutes of endoshunting. This suggests that endoshunting to the kidney using an endoshunt system might be a promising strategy to preserve renal function when a temporary interruption of native renal artery blood flow is needed during complex vascular surgical repairs involving the renal arteries.

Methodological concept and applied principles of adaptogenic construction organization considering modern innovative and investment trends

The article explores the concept of adaptogenic construction organization, which ensures the ability of construction enterprises and projects to effectively adapt to changes in the external environment under the influence of modern innovative and investment trends. The key characteristics of such organizations are outlined, including digital transformation, the implementation of advanced technologies, ecological sustainability, and innovative management methods with a particular emphasis on modular construction and other types of post-war reconstruction. The development of modular technologies is examined, covering various aspects of this approach, from its economic benefits to ecological and architectural opportunities, which experienced a breakthrough after World War II for the rapid and cost-effective restoration of housing stock. Examples of failures in modular construction technologies are provided, serving as practical lessons for the industry. Special attention is paid to flexible management mechanisms and risk minimization, which enhance the competitiveness of construction companies in conditions of market instability and uncertainty. Other innovative methods, such as skyscraper construction, rehabilitation of existing buildings, and the introduction of green technologies, are also explored, as they have become crucial for urban recovery after destruction. The article reviews modern construction standards and ecological management practices, which help Ukraine move toward sustainable development and improve the environmental situation in the construction sector. An analysis of international standards (LEED, BREEAM, ISO 14001, ISO 50001, EDGE, WELL, and others) is conducted, which contribute to increasing sustainability and energy efficiency in modern construction development projects. Examples of the implementation of innovative approaches in the construction of residential and commercial buildings are presented, as well as projects that apply sustainable development principles. The article also emphasizes the need for legislative adaptation and the introduction of new technologies in the construction industry. Successful examples of the rehabilitation of existing buildings, innovative approaches to the creation of public spaces, and the integration of ecological practices into urban environments are highlighted.

Autoimmune Diseases Following Environmental Disasters: A Narrative Review of the Literature.

Environmental disasters are extreme environmental processes such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, tsunamis, floods, cyclones, storms, wildfires and droughts that are the consequences of the climate crisis due to human intervention in the environment. Their effects on human health have alarmed the global scientific community. Among them, autoimmune diseases, a heterogeneous group of disorders, have increased dramatically in many parts of the world, likely as a result of changes in our exposure to environmental factors. However, only a limited number of studies have attempted to discover and analyze the complex association between environmental disasters and autoimmune diseases. This narrative review has therefore tried to fill this gap. First of all, the activation pathways of autoimmunity after environmental disasters have been analyzed. It has also been shown that wildfires, earthquakes, desert dust storms and volcanic eruptions may damage human health and induce autoimmune responses to inhaled PM2.5, mainly through oxidative stress pathways, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and epithelial barrier damage. In addition, it has been shown that heat stress, in addition to increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, may also disrupt the intestinal barrier, thereby increasing its permeability to toxins and pathogens or inducing epigenetic changes. In addition, toxic volcanic elements may accelerate the progressive destruction of myelin, which may potentially trigger multiple sclerosis. The complex and diverse mechanisms by which vector-borne, water-, food-, and rodent-borne diseases that often follow environmental diseases may also trigger autoimmune responses have also been described. In addition, the association between post-disaster stress and the onset or worsening of autoimmune disease has been demonstrated. Given all of the above, the rapid restoration of post-disaster health services to mitigate the flare-up of autoimmune conditions is critical.

Fully-Coupled Electric-Thermal-Flow Modeling and Investigation of Dynamic Thermal-Ledge Behavior in Aluminum Electrolysis Cell

Aluminum electrolysis cells (AECs) require effective thermal regulation to operate flexibly alongside renewable energy sources. Prior to implementing thermal regulation strategies, it is essential to predict the dynamic variations in the thermal field and ledge characteristics of a full-scale cell. This study introduces a transient electro-thermal-flow coupling model for a full-scale AEC, aimed at investigating the interactions between ledge distribution and various operational fields, including thermal, electric, and flow fields. The model facilitates the calculation and assessment of the dynamic properties of the ledge and thermal balance under ±15% flexible current variations. Results indicate that during a current increase, ledge melting predominantly occurs in the electrolyte layer, while ledge solidification is primarily observed in the metal layer during a current reduction. Regions with a thicker ledge and faster velocity tend to melt more during current increases and are less likely to return to their original shape and thickness during current reductions, complicating the rapid restoration of thermal equilibrium. To achieve uniform ledge distribution and real-time adaptation to flexible current variations, it is recommended to install distributed cooling devices on the sides of the AEC to enable differential ledge regulation at various locations.