Rapid Removal Of Pb Research Articles

A magnetic macroporous α-Fe2O3/Mn2O3 nanocomposite as an efficient adsorbent for simple and rapid removal of Pb(II) from wastewater and electronic waste leachate.

A magnetic nanocomposite adsorbent, comprised of macroporous iron oxide/manganese oxide (α-Fe2O3/Mn2O3), is prepared, characterized, and used for lead(II) removal from both industrial wastewater and leachate of electronic waste. The synergistic interaction between iron oxide and manganese oxide significantly enhances the adsorption performance. The surface characteristics and structural composition of the nanocomposite are examined using high-resolution transmission microscopy, X-ray spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller methods. Under optimized conditions, the present method offers a significantly high adsorption capacity (377.5 ± 8.9 mg.g-1), short contact time (10 min), and an excellent removal efficiency (98.0 ± 0.9%) compared with most of the previously suggested methods. The adsorption kinetics of Pb(II) on the nanocomposite surface follows pseudo-second-order kinetics and exhibits a good fit with the Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) model. These findings highlight the applicability of the α-Fe2O3/Mn2O3 magnetic nanocomposite as a promising efficient adsorbent for the rapid removal of lead(II) from hazardous wastewater. Moreover, the proposed nanocomposite adsorbent exhibits remarkable stability and can be easily isolated from the test sample solution for subsequent reuse. The efficacy of the developed adsorptive removal procedure is confirmed by achieving a complete lead(II) ion removal from some industrial wastewater discharged from lead battery factories and from the leachate of electronic waste.

Synthesis of biochar-iron oxide magnetic nanocomposite for efficient and rapid removal of Pb(II) heavy metal from water

Abstract In this study, magnetic biochar-iron oxide (MBC-IO) nanocomposite was easily synthesized as a strong adsorbent to remove toxic Pb(II) heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The physical and chemical properties of the prepared adsorbent were analyzed using SEM, FTIR, XRD, BET, and zeta-potential analyses. An experimental design, using the response surface methodology (RSM), was implemented to study the effect of operational parameters on the Pb(II) adsorption performance. The maximum adsorption capacity of MBC-IO nanocomposite was found to be 504 mg/g, at an adsorbent dosage of 0.08 g/L, pH 7, contact time of 10 min, and initial lead concentration of 50 mg/L. The kinetics and isotherm studies illustrated that the adsorption data were well described by pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively. In addition to rapid Pb2+ removal, the synthesized adsorbent was also employed to compare the adsorption capability of Cd2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ cations that had significant efficiency in the removal of heavy metals. The reusability investigation depicted that MBC-IO nanocomposite exhibits magnetic properties, enabling its facile separation from aqueous solutions with the assistance of an external magnetic field. These capabilities make the synthesized nanocomposite a good candidate for water purification industries.

Efficient and Rapid Removal of Pb(II) and Cu(II) Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions by MgO Nanorods

In this study, the adsorption capability of MgO nanorods for the quick and effective elimination of Cu(II) and Pb(II) heavy metals from wastewater was examined. The MgO nanorods were produced via simple coprecipitation process. Various characterization techniques were used to investigate the morphological and chemical properties of the as-prepared nanomaterial. Moreover, the influences of initial heavy-metal ion concentration, pH, and contact time were investigated to evaluate the removal efficiency of the nanomaterials. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second order and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models, according to kinetics and isotherm investigations, respectively. MgO nanoparticles exhibited a high adsorption capacity for Cu(II) (234.34 mg/g) and Pb(II) (221.26 mg/g). The existence of interfering ions in the aqueous solution leads to a decrease in the adsorption capacity. Surface complexation was determined as the key contributor to the adsorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II) heavy-metal ions onto MgO nanorods. Notably, regeneration experiments demonstrate the potential applicability of MgO nanorods for the elimination of Pb(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution.

Preparation and characterization of amino/thiol bifunctionalized magnetic nanoadsorbent and its application in rapid removal of Pb (II) from aqueous system.

To explore the effect of coexisted amino and thiol groups on adsorption of heavy metal, a novel magnetic nanoparticle was prepared by sequentially modification with (3-Chloropropyl) trimethoxysilan, polyetherimide, epichlorohydrin and thiourea. Subsequently, it was characterized by TEM, N2 adsorption/desorption, FTIR Spectroscopy, zeta potential, and VSM. The maximum adsorption capacity for Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ reached 110.13 mg·g-1, 40.23 mg·g-1 and 29.37 mg·g-1, respectively. The adsorption of the magnetic nanoparticles with different surface group for heavy metals were compared, which indicated that the amino and thiol group played an important role in the adsorption of heavy metals. Especially, the adsorption capacity increased dramatically after modification with the thiol group, which was attributed to the synergistic coordination of -NH2 and -SH. The adsorption kinetics is consistent with the quasi-second-order kinetics equation, and the adsorption thermodynamic process is consistent with the Langmuir isotherm equation. The effects of experimental conditions, such as pH, the concentration of metals, adsorption time and temperature, on adsorption of Pb2+ were studied in detail. In addition, over 90% of removal rate was remained after 6 cycles. The magnetic nanoadsorbents was a promising nanoadsorbent with high adsorption speed, simultaneous adsorption of various heavy metals, strong anti-interference ability and reusability.

Unary and binary adsorption studies of lead and malachite green onto a nanomagnetic copper ferrite/drumstick pod biomass composite.

Modern-day practices are the major contributors in water quality deterioration, consequently results in clean water scarcity. Herein, co-precipitation procedure was adopted to develop a nanomagnetic copper ferrite/drumstick pod biomass (CuFe2O4/DC) composite, which was characterized, and optimized to sequester malachite green (MG) and lead (Pb(II)) in unary and binary systems from aqueous environment. Mesoporous CuFe2O4/DC surface with 16.96 m2/g BET surface area and acid functionalities predominance was observed. Under the studied experimental conditions, MG adsorption on CuFe2O4/DC in unary system was comparatively higher than that of Pb(II). MG and Pb(II) equilibrium results were fitted to Langmuir isotherm model, their respective maximum monolayer adsorption capacities at 328 K being 952.4 and 921.1 mg/g. On the other hand, binary system (in presence of MG) fastened Pb(II) adsorption kinetics and increased its uptake capacity. Additionally, humic acid (HA) matrix enhanced Pb(II) adsorption kinetics. Recovery studies showed maximal MG and Pb(II) elution with C2H5OH and 0.1 mol/L HCl, respectively. An 82.7% drop in Pb(II) adsorption was found after the first regeneration cycle, while only 17.6% fall in MG adsorption was witnessed after five consecutive regeneration cycles. Hence, it could be concluded that CuFe2O4/DC is a cost-effective and promising adsorbent for an efficient and rapid removal of Pb(II) and MG from both unary and binary systems.

Rapid removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solution by phosphate-modified baker's yeast.

Phosphate-modified baker's yeast (PMBY) was prepared, and used as a novel bio-sorbent for the adsorption of Pb2+ from aqueous solution. The influencing factors, absorption isotherms, kinetics, and mechanism were investigated. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization and elemental analysis of PMBY showed that phosphate groups were successfully grafted onto the surface of yeast. The kinetic studies suggested that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order chemisorption. The adsorption process of Pb2+ using PMBY was spontaneous and endothermic. Furthermore, the adsorption of Pb2+ on PMBY can rapidly achieve adsorption equilibrium (in just 3 min), and the maximum adsorption capacity of Pb2+ on PMBY was found to be 92 mg g−1 at 30 °C, which was about 3 times that of the pristine baker's yeast. The suggested mechanism for Pb2+ adsorption on PMBY was based upon ion-exchange, electrostatic interaction and chelation between the phosphate groups and Pb2+. However, compared with the pristine baker's yeast, the higher capacity and rapid adsorption of PMBY for Pb2+ was mainly due to the chelation and electrostatic interactions between the phosphate groups and Pb2+. In addition, the regeneration experiments indicated that the PMBY was easily recovered through desorption in 0.01 M HCl, and that PMBY still exhibited 90.77% of the original adsorption capacity for Pb2+ after five regeneration cycles. These results showed the excellent regeneration capability of PMBY for Pb2+ adsorption. PMBY has shown significant potential for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution due to its rapid adsorption, high-capacity and facile preparation.

Porous lignin based poly (acrylic acid)/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites: Swelling behaviors and rapid removal of Pb (II) ions

Lignin grafted N, N′-methylene-bisacrylamide (LM) was copolymerized with acrylic acid (AA) to fabricate lignin based poly (acrylic acid) (LBPAA) nanocomposites, and organo-montmorillonite (OrgMMT) was uniformly dispersed in LBPAA by ultrasonic method. The water absorbency in KCl solution was 302.9 g/g for LBPAA/OrgMMT (3 wt% OrgMMT, 43.65 wt% LM, and 53.35 wt% poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)), higher than PAA/OrgMMT (104.5736 g/g), and PAA (131.8 g/g). The Pb2+ adsorption for LBPAA/OrgMMT was demonstrated to be pH-dependent and followed Freundlich multilayer adsorption, with the removal following a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The Pb2+ absorption capacity of LBPAA (PAA 48.50/48.50 LM)/OrgMMT (3 wt%) was 1.0803 mmol·g−1, the highest among the composites. When the mole ratio of Na+ and Pb2+ was less than 0.21, the Pb2+ adsorption capacity of LBPAA/OrgMMT decreased slightly. The negative ΔG0 indicated that the Pb2+ adsorption process for composite hydrogel and PAA was spontaneous. XPS analysis data indicated that Pb2+ ions formed Pb-O bonds by hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups for efficient lead ion adsorption. This study demonstrates that LBPAA/OrgMMT can be used as a water retention agent with salt tolerance and as an adsorbent for removing Pb2+ ions from industrial waste water.

Influence of ultrasonication on preparation of novel material for heavy metal removal from wastewater

The present research introduces a new concept on rapid removal of Pb(II) ions from wastewater using novel agro-based material. The two types of materials such as sulfuric acid modified Caryota urens seeds (SMCUS) and ultrasonic assisted Caryota urens seeds (UACUS) were prepared and performance was compared for Pb(II) ions removal. The functional groups available on the C. urens were discussed by using FT-IR report. Adsorption influencing parameters such as initial metal ion concentration, pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and temperature were studied to predict the optimum conditions. Several isotherm and kinetic models were applied to examine the experimental data. The present adsorption-adsorbate system best obeys the Freundlich and pseudo-first-order models. Langmuir monolayer capacity of the SMCUS and UACUS for Pb(II) ions was found to be 93.7 and 175.9mg/g, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters explain that the adsorption of Pb(II) ions was spontaneous and exothermic.

A thin-layer chromatography plate prepared from BODIPY-based receptor immobilized SiO2nanoparticles as a portable chemosensor for Pb2+

A new fluorescence receptor based on BODIPY-immobilized silica nanoparticles (BODIPY-SiO(2)) exhibits a high affinity and selectivity for Pb(2+) over competing metal ions in water. An overall emission change of ca. 100-fold at the emission maximum was observed for Pb(2+). The fluorescence receptor BODIPY-SiO(2) can remove 97% and 95% of the initial 100 ppb Pb(2+) from human blood and waste solution, respectively. Experiments show the fluorescence receptor BODIPY-SiO(2) can be a potentially useful and effective agent for the selective separation and rapid removal of Pb(2+)in vivo. We also prepared a portable chemosensor kit by coating a 4 μm thick film of BODIPY-SiO(2) onto a glass substrate. We found that this BODIPY-SiO(2) film detects Pb(2+) ions at pH 7.4 with a sensitivity of 3.2 nM. Finally, we tested the effect of pH on BODIPY-SiO(2) with Pb(2+) ions between pH 3.0 and 11.0. The fluorescence changes of BODIPY-SiO(2) were almost constant between pH 3 and 11. The results imply that the BODIPY-SiO(2) film is applicable as a portable chemosensor for detection of Pb(2+) ions in the environmental field.

A Selective Fluoroionophore Based on BODIPY‐functionalized Magnetic Silica Nanoparticles: Removal of Pb2+ from Human Blood

Get the lead out: The title fluorescence receptor exhibits a high affinity and selectivity for Pb(2+) over competing metal ions in water (see picture) with an overall emission change of approximately 8-fold at the emission maximum for Pb(2+). The fluorescence receptor can remove 96 % of 100 ppb Pb(2+) from human blood, and can be useful and effective for the selective and rapid removal of Pb(2+) in vivo.

Sorption of lead onto two gram-negative marine bacteria in seawater

Laboratory adsorption experiments performed at environmentally significant lead (Pb) and cell concentrations indicate that the marine bacteria examined have significant binding capacities for Pb. However, the behavior governing Pb sorption onto gram-negative bacteria in seawater may be quite complex. The sorption kinetics appear to involve two distinct phases, i.e., a rapid removal of Pb from solution within the first few minutes, followed by a slow but nearly constant removal over many hours. Also, the average binding coefficient, calculated for Pb sorption onto bacteria and a measure of binding intensity, increases with decreasing sorption density (amounts of bacteria-associated Pb per unit bacterial surface) at low cell concentrations (10 5 cells ml −1), but decreases with decreasing sorption density at higher cell concentrations (10 7 cells ml −1). The latter effect is apparently due to the production of significant amounts of extra-cellular organics at high cell concentrations that compete directly with bacterial surfaces for available lead. Lead toxicity and active uptake by marine bacteria did not appear significant at the Pb concentrations used.

210Pb and 226Ra distributions in the Circumpolar waters

210Pb and 226Ra profiles have been measured at five GEOSECS stations in the Circumpolar region. These profiles show that 226Ra is quite uniformly distributed throughout the Circumpolar region, with slightly lower activities in surface waters, while 210Pb varies with depth as well as location or area. There is a subsurface 210Pb maximum which matches the oxygen minimum in depth and roughly correlates with the temperature and salinity maxima. This 210Pb maximum has its highest concentrations in the Atlantic sector and appears to originate near the South Sandwich Islands northeast of the Weddell Sea. Concentrations in this maximum decrease toward the Indian Ocean sector and then become fairly constant along the easterly Circumpolar Current. Relative to 226Ra, the activity of 210Pb is deficient in the entire water column of the Circumpolar waters. The deficiency increases from the depth of the 210Pb maximum toward the bottom, and the 210Pb/ 226Ra activity ratio is lowest in the Antarctic Bottom Water, indicating a rapid removal of Pb by particulate scavenging in the bottom layer and/or a short mean residence time of the Antarctic Bottom Water in the Circumpolar region. 226Ra is essentially linearly correlated with silica and barium in the Circumpolar waters. However, close examination of the vertical profiles reveals that Ba and Si are more variable than 226Ra in this region.