Rapid Reduction Research Articles

Ketamine and Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy for Psychiatric and Existential Distress in Patients with Serious Medical Illness: A Narrative Review.

Context: Psychiatric and existential distress are common and difficult-to-treat symptoms that are frequently encountered in the palliative care setting; current treatment options are limited in efficacy and tolerability. Psychedelic-assisted therapies (PAT) have gained public and scientific interest in their potential to induce rapid and effective reductions in psychiatric and existential distress in patients with serious medical illness, but remain available only in the research setting. Ketamine as a pharmacologic agent has a large body of evidence in the treatment of refractory depression. Objectives: To review the evidence that exists for use of ketamine or ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) for psychiatric and existential distress in patients with serious medical illness, aiming to identify therapeutic signals and gaps in research. Methods: A literature search identified publications of (1) ketamine or KAP, (2) psychiatric or existential distress, and (3) palliative care or patients with serious medical illness. Identified reports were carefully reviewed with attention to population and treatment-related factors, which were described in a narrative and aggregate format. Results: Nine studies and 12 case reports were identified that reported positive results and a good safety profile. There was significant variation in patient population, setting, route of administration, dosing schedule, and concurrent treatments. Most reports were of ketamine as a pharmacologic agent for symptoms of psychiatric distress. Conclusion: Evidence suggests that ketamine may induce rapid and transient improvements in psychiatric symptoms in patients with serious medical illness. A large gap in research exists for KAP and symptoms of existential distress. There is a signal that suggests ketamine could be used in a psychedelic therapy model with potential benefits over classical psychedelics.

Compact Disc-Derived Nanocarbon-Supported Catalysts with Extreme Catalytic Activity.

Advanced carbon-metal hybrid materials with controllable electronic and optical properties, as well as chemical reactivities, have attracted significant attention for emerging applications, including energy conversion and storage, catalysis and environmental protection. However, the commercialization of these materials is hampered by several vital problems, including energy-intensive synthesis and expensive chemicals, and inefficient control of their structures and properties. Herein, we report the simple and controllable engineering of nanocarbon-metal self-assembled silver nanocatalysts (SSNs) derived from polycarbonate (PC)-based optical discs using microplasmas under ambient conditions. The plasma-engineered catalysts exhibited controlled properties including surface functionalities, hydrophilicities, Ag+/Ag0 metallic states, and Ag loading. The synthesized catalysts leverage localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties, enabling enhanced catalytic activity for the rapid reduction of carcinogenic 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to the valuable pharmaceutical intermediate 4-aminophenol (4-AP), achieving a high reaction rate constant of 0.2 ± 0.0 s-1 and completing the reduction in just 30 s. Demonstrating robust performance, the SSNs maintained up to 90% conversion efficiency after ten recycling cycles, underscoring their stability and reusability. This work not only presents an effective approach to upcycling optical disc waste, but also highlights the potential of plasma-engineered nanocatalysts in environmental remediation, offering a low-energy solution for high-efficiency pollutant reduction.

Activation of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons rapidly drives homeostatic sleep pressure.

Homeostatic sleep regulation is essential for optimizing the amount and timing of sleep for its revitalizing function, but the mechanism underlying sleep homeostasis remains poorly understood. Here, we show that optogenetic activation of locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons immediately increased sleep propensity following a transient wakefulness, contrasting with many other arousal-promoting neurons whose activation induces sustained wakefulness. Fiber photometry showed that repeated optogenetic or sensory stimulation caused a rapid reduction of calcium activity in LC neurons and steep declines in noradrenaline/norepinephrine (NE) release in both the LC and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Knockdown of α2A adrenergic receptors in LC neurons mitigated the decline of NE release induced by repetitive stimulation and extended wakefulness, demonstrating an important role of α2A receptor-mediated auto-suppression of NE release. Together, these results suggest that functional fatigue of LC noradrenergic neurons, which reduces their wake-promoting capacity, contributes to sleep pressure.

Case report: Tocilizumab for hypersensitivity reaction after oxaliplatin in a patient with NK/T-cell lymphoma

Oxaliplatin-induced hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) are commonly encountered in first-line therapies for various malignancies. Recent research indicates that these reactions can include cytokine release reactions (CRRs), which are characterized by a marked increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, sometimes rising as much as 40-fold. Standard management strategies for HSRs typically involve desensitization protocols and routine treatments. However, these conventional approaches may be insufficient for managing CRRs. Preliminary studies suggest that tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) antagonist, may play a crucial role in mitigating CRRs. In our case, a 65-year-old male with stage IV extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma developed a severe HSR on day 1 following the infusion of oxaliplatin during his fourth chemotherapy cycle. This reaction was marked by a substantial increase in IL-6 levels. Despite the administration of standard treatments, including epinephrine and corticosteroids, the patient required ventilatory support and vasopressors on day 1. On day 2, tocilizumab was administered, resulting in a rapid and significant reduction in IL-6 levels. Subsequently, the patient’s symptoms, including fever, dyspnea, and hypotension, resolved, and he was discharged on day 5. This case demonstrates that tocilizumab can be an effective intervention in managing severe HSRs associated with CRRs. To our knowledge, this is the first reported instance of tocilizumab successfully salvaging a patient experiencing oxaliplatin-induced HSR. Nevertheless, further research is required to validate the efficacy of tocilizumab in treating oxaliplatin-induced HSRs.

Catalytic degradation of dyes using gold nanoparticles supported over chitosan coated cotton cloth composite

Abstract The increasing environmental threat posed by various dye contaminants in wastewater necessitates the development of efficient catalytic systems for their removal. This research work investigates the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on chitosan-coated cotton cloth (CH-CC) as a versatile catalyst for the reduction of hazardous dyes, specifically methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RB), and congo red (CR). The Au-CH-CC composite was prepared by treating CH-CC with HAuCl₄ and reducing the formed ions using sodium borohydride. XRD, SEM, and EDX were adopted as characterization techniques which confirmed the successful formation of gold nanoparticles. The catalytic performance was evaluated via UV-visible spectrophotometry, revealing rapid dye reductions of 93%, 86%, and 98% for MB, RB, and CR in 12, 9, and 6 minutes, respectively. Kinetic analysis indicated pseudo-first-order kinetics by using the Au-CH-CC as catalyst, with respective rate constants of 0.18, 0.23, and 0.54 min⁻¹. The recyclability of the catalyst was demonstrated by retaining activity across three successive cycles. The findings in this study reveal the potential of utilizing Au NPs on biomass-derived materials for environmentally friendly dye remediation, presenting a sustainable approach to mitigating pollution from synthetic dyes.

Enhanced Efficiency of Anionic Guerbet-Type Amino Acid Surfactants.

This study investigates the surfactant properties and efficiency of linear and Guerbet-type amino acid surfactants. Utilizing a Wilhelmy plate method, we assessed the colloidal efficiency of these surfactants, with the lowest observed critical micelle concentration at 0.046 mmol L-1, significantly reducing surface tension to as low as 25.1 mN·m-1. Furthermore, the self-diffusion coefficients of the various surfactants have been determined through 1H pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance diffusion-ordered spectroscopy. The self-diffusion coefficients are linked to the surface tension reduction as a function of concentration to determine the characteristic time scale of diffusion. In this work, the characteristic time scale of diffusion of a series of surfactants was calculated to investigate the interfacial coverage efficiency. Our findings indicate an inverse relationship between the characteristic time scale of diffusion and critical micelle concentrations across surfactants with hydrocarbon tail lengths of 8-22 carbons. Shorter tails correspond to lower colloidal efficiencies, but rapid surface tension reduction, resulting in the characteristic time scale of diffusion values ranging from 120 ns to 2.15 s. This property is crucial for applications requiring rapid action, such as enhancing aerosol efficiency, improving dispersion, and wetting materials in products.

An Adsorbent for Efficient and Rapid Gold Recovery from Solution: Adsorption Properties and Mechanisms.

Adsorption is an efficient and highly selective method for gold recovery. Introducing rich N/S organic groups to combine with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as adsorbents is regarded as a practical and efficient approach to enhance gold recovery. Herein, a MOF (zirconium isothiocyanatobenzenedicarboxylate MOF, UiO-66-NCS) was designed to combine with amidinothiourea (AT) to form UiO-66-AT (zirconium amidothiourea-benzenedicarboxylate MOF) for efficient and rapid adsorption. The prepared UiO-66-AT delivers an improved adsorption capacity (about 903.02 mg/g at 1000 mg·L-1 of the initial Au3+) and an impressive adsorption rate within minutes (about 10 min for 200 mg·L-1 Au3+). Meanwhile, it exhibits sustainable stability after 5 cycles with a retention rate of 99.52% and excellent adsorption selectivity of 98.76% in actual wastewater. According to advanced characterizations and Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulation, the mechanism might be elaborated as electrostatic adsorption, chelating coordination, and chemical reduction. The modified active groups of the MOF provide the adsorption sites for Au(III) and the rapid reduction of Au(0). UiO-66-AT maintains a large adsorption capacity and high surface reduction activity while realizing stable application in multiple cycles, which is of good practical application value.

V‐/O‐Doping to Endow Ag2S‐based Bimetal Oxysulfide with Sulfur Vacancies and Heterovalent States for Rapid Reduction of Organic and Cr(VI) Pollutants in the Dark

AbstractA novel AgVOS oxysulfide catalyst for rapid catalytic reduction of toxic organic substances and Cr(VI) under dark is synthesized by a facile method. With the V/O co‐doping, the doped Ag2S catalyst has the effectively regulated electron transfer performance, the hydrazine‐driven V5+‐to‐V4+ reduction to disturb charge equilibrium, and the formed sulfur vacancy balanced by oxygen doping to maintain charge equilibrium. The formed sulfur vacancy acts as the active site for electrophilic nucleophilic reaction, while the orbital hybridization of O2p and S3p stabilizes the valence state of S2−. A suitable ratio of n(V4+/V5+) is regulated during the hydrazine‐driven synthesis to facilitate the electron transfer and enhance the V5+‐to‐V4+ reduction reaction. V/O co‐doped AgVOS‐3 prepared by a suitable hydrazine content exhibits super catalytic reduction performance of organic 4‐NP (4‐nitrophenol), MB (methyl blue), MO (methyl orange), and RhB (Rhodamine B, 20 ppm, 100 mL) dyes, which are completely reduced within 8, 8, 10, and 8 min, respectively. In comparison, Cr6+ (50 ppm, 100 mL) is also completely reduced within 6 min by AgVOS‐3, indicating its good catalytic reduction activity for organic and inorganic mixture pollutants. Furthermore, AgVOS‐3 has good stability after cyclic tests to maintain a reduction efficiency of 96.5%. Therefore, the AgVOS catalyst shows a promising application for industrial wastewater treatment.

Regional-specific trends of PM2.5 and O3 temperature sensitivity in the United States

Climate change poses direct and indirect threats to public health, including exacerbating air pollution. However, the influence of rising temperature on air quality remains highly uncertain in the United States, particularly under rapid reduction in anthropogenic emissions. Here, we examined the sensitivity of surface-level fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) to summer temperature anomalies in the contiguous US as well as their decadal changes using high-resolution datasets generated by machine learning. Our findings demonstrate that in the eastern US, stringent emission control strategies have significantly reduced the positive responses of PM2.5 and O3 to summer temperature, thereby lowering the population exposure associated with warming-induced air quality deterioration. In contrast, PM2.5 in the western US became more sensitive to temperature, highlighting the urgent need to manage and mitigate the impact of worsening wildfires. Our results have important implications for air quality management and risk assessments of future climate change.

Development and validation of a risk prediction model for acute kidney injury in coronary artery disease

BackgroundAcute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a sudden and often reversible condition characterized by rapid kidney function reduction, posing significant risks to coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. This study focuses on developing accurate predictive models to improve the early detection and prognosis of AKI in CAD patients.MethodsWe used Electronic Health Records (EHRs) from a nationwide CAD registry including 54 429 patients. Initially, univariate analysis identified potential predictors. Subsequently, a stepwise multivariate logistic model integrated clinical significance and data distribution. To refine predictor selection, we applied a random forest algorithm. The top 10 variables, including admission to the surgical department, EGFR, hemoglobin, and others, were incorporated into a logistic regression-based prediction model. Model performance was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) and calibration analysis, and a nomogram was developed for practical application.ResultsDuring hospitalization, 2,112 (3.88%) patients in the overall population of both the development and validation groups experienced AKI within 30 days. The final prediction model exhibited strong discrimination with an AUC of 0.867 (95% CI: 0.858 to 0.876) and well calibration capability in both the development and validation groups. Key predictors included surgical department admission, eGFR, hemoglobin, chronic kidney disease history, male sex, white blood cell count, age, left ventricular ejection fraction, acute myocardial infarction at admission, and congestive heart failure history. Bootstrap resampling confirmed model stability (Harrell's optimism-correct AUC = 0.866). The nomogram provided a practical tool for AKI risk assessment.ConclusionThis study introduced a refined AKI risk prediction model for CAD patients. This model showed adaptability to subgroups and held the potential for early AKI alerts and personalized interventions, thereby enhancing patient care.

Installing solar panels on heritage buildings: an Australian case study reveals a vexed issue

ABSTRACT Rapid greenhouse gas emission reductions are necessary to limit climate change. Barriers to emission reductions must be addressed, including in the built environment, which is one of the largest contributors. An ordinary case where a resident erected solar panels (photovoltaics) on the roof of a house in a heritage area reveals how barriers to such initiatives arise. The local planning authority, despite supporting climate mitigation strategies, refused a permit and the solar panels had to be removed. Climate mitigation strategies need to be integrated with built heritage. Policy revision, provision of decision-making guidance, and development of professional competency is recommended.

Subsurface warming associated with Pacific Summer Water transport toward the Chukchi Borderland in the Arctic Ocean

Recent rapid sea ice reduction in the Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean is potentially associated with inflow of Pacific-origin water via the Bering Strait. For the first time, we detected remarkable subsurface warming around the Chukchi Borderland in the Arctic Ocean over the recent two decades (i.e., the early 21st century). A statistically significant decadal trend of 16.6 ± 10.6 MJ m− 2 year− 1 in the subsurface ocean heat content during 1999–2020 was captured by shipboard hydrographic data, and associated with the transport of Pacific Summer Water from Barrow Canyon northwest of the Alaskan coast, where similar warming appeared. Satellite-derived geostrophic ocean velocity indicated that the northwestward ocean current flowing from Barrow Canyon to the Chukchi Borderland became faster in the late 2010s, in association with southeastward shift of the Beaufort Gyre, circulating clockwise around the Canada Basin. Therefore, we suggest that warming of the Pacific Summer Water passing over the Chukchi shelf and intensification of the northwestward ocean current along the shelf–basin boundary both acted to enhance the heat transport and contributed to the positive trend in downstream subsurface ocean heat content. Our findings fill important gaps in the understanding of ocean heat distribution/transport, which is a key factor for sea ice freezing/melting, in the central Arctic.

Pro-healing impact of liraglutide on skin wounds in normoglycemic mice.

Recent studies demonstrated that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) have promising prospects in promoting wound healing. In this study, we intend to investigate the pro-healing effect and potential molecular mechanism of topical administration of GLP-1RA liraglutide on wounds in normoglycemic mice. Two full-thickness wounds were created on the back of the C57BL/6 mice. The "lower" wounds were topically infiltrated with liraglutide every day after injury; while the "upper" wounds were infiltrated with saline solution. Wound area was measured daily during the 10-day study period. The wound tissue was stained with H&E and immunofluorescence. Western blotting was performed to detect the markers in macrophages. The results showed that topical administration of liraglutide resulted in a rapid reduction of wound size. The capillary density and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A were significantly increased in liraglutide-treated wounds. Findings from immunofluorescence and Western blotting revealed that liraglutide promoted phenotypic polarization of macrophages from M1 to M2. We further identified that M2a macrophages predominantly presented in the early and middle stages of inflammation phase and M2d macrophages presented in the middle and late stages. Our study suggested that GLP-1RA liraglutide could promote wound healing in normoglycemic mice, which is partly attributed to the modulation of the macrophage polarization from M1 subtype to M2 subtype.

The short-term comprehensive impact of the phase-out of global coal combustion on air pollution and climate change.

With the continuous intensification of global warming, the reduction and ultimate phase-out of coal combustion is an inevitable trend in the future global energy transformation. This study comprehensively analyzed the impact of phasing out coal combustion on global emissions and concentrations of air pollutants, radiative fluxes, meteorology and climate using Community Earth System Model 2 (CESM2). The results indicate that after the global phase-out of coal combustion, there is a marked decrease in the concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), with some regions experiencing a reduction of exceeding 50%. There is no significant change in global ozone (O3) concentration. There are decreasing AOD and positive radiative fluxes globally in the short term, though the cloud contributes minor negative radiative fluxes. The global air temperature may increase by approximately (0.02±0.15) °C on average with regional and seasonal variations, and the precipitation may potentially increase by approximately (2.7±40.6) mm yr-1 globally and over 20% in equatorial regions in the short term. But combined with the decreasing trend of cloud water content in the Northern Hemisphere, it indicates a potential increase in the extremity of precipitation events. This study provides references for global control of air pollution, mitigation strategies of climate change, and transformation of energy structures under the objective of "carbon neutrality", such as focusing on the negative climate impacts of exacerbating regional warming and increasing extreme precipitation resulting from the rapid reduction of aerosols in the short term.

Identifying weather patterns responsible for renewable energy droughts over India

Abstract. Energy systems across the globe are evolving to meet climate mitigation targets. This requires rapid reductions in fossil fuel consumption and significant uptake of renewable generation. Renewable energy sources are weather-dependent, causing production to vary at timescales from minutes to decades ahead. A consequence of this variability is that there will be periods of low renewable energy production, here termed renewable energy droughts. This energy security challenge needs to be addressed to ensure grid stability. India is chosen as a study area as it is a region that has both a large proportion of renewable generation and good subseasonal predictability. In this study, we use synthetic wind and solar photovoltaic production timeseries, previously derived for the Indian energy grid using ERA5 reanalysis from 1979–2022, to identify historical renewable energy droughts. These are defined as periods where wind and solar potential is in the lowest 2.5 % compared to climatology. These events commonly occur from November–February, with the longest historical event being 9 d long. We identify the weather regimes that cause the largest renewable energy droughts over India and investigate potential sources of predictability. Existing large-scale daily weather types and impact-based patterns are used to investigate the different weather patterns causing renewable energy droughts. Renewable energy droughts are caused by low seasonal wind speeds in combination with weather patterns bringing high cloud cover. These are mainly weak northeast monsoon and western disturbances. Sources of potential subseasonal predictability are considered for the largest renewable energy droughts, including the Madden Julian Oscillation and Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation. Although both have a stronger relationship with high energy potential days, links between phases of these two oscillations and renewable energy drought days are identified. These could help to provide early warnings for challenging security of supply conditions in the future.

Research progress on the impact of climate change on wheat production in China.

It is crucial to elucidate the impact of climate change on wheat production in China. This article provides a review of the current climate change scenario and its effects on wheat cultivation in China, along with an examination of potential future impacts and possible response strategies. Against the backdrop of climate change, several key trends emerge: increasing temperature during the wheat growing season, raising precipitation, elevated CO2 concentration, and diminished radiation. Agricultural disasters primarily stem from oscillations in temperature and precipitation, with the northern wheat region being mostly affected. The impact on wheat production is manifested in a reduction in the area under cultivation, with the most rapid reduction in spring wheat, and a shift in the center of cultivation to the west. Furthermore, climate change accelerates the nutritional stage and shortens phenology. Climate change has also led to an increase in yields in the Northeast spring wheat region, the Northern spring wheat region, the Northwest spring wheat region, and the North China winter wheat region, and a decrease in yields in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River winter wheat region, the Southwest winter wheat region, and the South China winter wheat region. To cope with climate change, Chinese wheat can adopt adaptation strategies and measures such as breeding different wheat varieties for different wheat-growing regions, implementing differentiated farmland management measures, promoting regional ecological farmland construction, and establishing scientific monitoring and early warning systems. While future climate change may stimulate wheat yield potential, it could cause climate-induced issues such as weeds, diseases, and pests worsen, thereby posing challenges to the sustainability of farmland. Moreover, it is essential to conduct comprehensive research on pivotal areas such as the microscopic mechanism of climate change and wheat growth, the comprehensive influence of multiple climate factors, and the application of new monitoring and simulation technologies. This will facilitate the advancement of related research and provide invaluable insights.

Hydrous ferric arsenate transformation coupled with As, Fe, and S environmental cycling in sulfidic systems under anoxic and circumneutral conditions.

Despite many studies on the environmental cycling of As, Fe, and S, sulfide (S(-II))-induced hydrous ferric arsenate (HFA) transformation remains to be elucidated. Herein, we investigated the anaerobic reaction of HFA with S(-II) at three environmental concentrations (1, 10, and 50mM) at pH48. Changes in solid-phase As, Fe, and S speciation were investigated by XRD, FTIR, Raman, XPS, synchrotron XANES, SEM, and TEM. The results demonstrated that 1mMS(-II) induced significant As mobilization from HFA, and secondary goethite formed only at pH8. Greater S(-II) addition caused rapid reductions in As(V) and Fe(III) and generated substantial amounts of elemental sulfur, S2O32, SO32, and SO42, subsequently decreasing As mobilization through secondary As-bearing phase formation. Solid characterization revealed that 10mMS(-II) produced a scorodite‑sulfur mixture at pH4, while schwertmannite, goethite, hematite, and tooeleite formed at pH8. At pH4 and 6, 50mMS(-II) produced secondary semicrystalline symplesite, lepidocrocite, and tooeleite; in contrast, a substantial fraction of FeSam plus minor amounts of hematite and goethite were generated at pH8. These results deepen our understanding of the geochemical cycling of As, Fe, and S and will help establish an effective As fixation method for effluent treatment.

Contezolid Harbored Equivalent Efficacy to Linezolid in Tuberculosis Treatment in a Prospective and Randomized Early Bactericidal Activity Study.

Contezolid (CZD) is an analog of Linezolid (LZD) that has demonstrated potent in vitro and in vivo activity against tuberculosis (TB) while presenting a safer side-effect profile. In this study, we evaluated the early bactericidal activity (EBA) of CZD compared to LZD, with LZD serving as a control. Naive, smear-positive pulmonary TB patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either a 14-day monotherapy regimen of 600 mg LZD once daily (QD) or 800 mg CZD twice daily (BID). Sputum samples were collected daily starting one day before treatment initiation and continuing throughout the treatment period. Each sample was processed for the enumeration of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) colonies, and time-to-positivity (TTP) during MGIT960 liquid culture was recorded. A total of 10 eligible patients were enrolled in each treatment group, although one patient in the CZD group was later excluded from the analysis. The early bactericidal activity (EBA0-14) was 0.08 ± 0.12 log CFU/mL/day (95% CI: -0.02 to 0.18 CFU/mL/day) in the CZD group, compared to 0.03 ± 0.10 log CFU/mL/day (95% CI: -0.05 to 0.10 CFU/mL/day) in the LZD group. The increase in time-to-positivity (TTP0-14) was 38.6 ± 43.69hours (95% CI: -1.85 to 79hours) in the CZD group and 27.7 ± 78.21hours (95% CI: -28.15 to 83.75hours) in the LZD group. LZD showed rapid bacterial reduction in sputum during the first two days of treatment, whereas CZD demonstrated superior efficacy after a few days of treatment. 800 mg BID contezolid exhibited comparable efficacy to 600 mg QD LZD in treating pulmonary TB in this EBA study. While CZD showed slower initial bactericidal action compared to LZD, its efficacy surpassed that of LZD after a few days of treatment. Given its similar efficacy and superior safety profile, contezolid may serve as an alternative to linezolid for the treatment of tuberculosis.

Limited Effect of Future Land‐Use Changes on Human Heat Stress and Labor Capacity

AbstractTo achieve the 1.5°C target of the Paris agreement, rapid, sustained, and deep emission reductions are required, which often includes negative emissions through land‐based mitigation. However, the effects of future land‐use change on climate are often not considered when quantifying the climate‐induced impacts on human heat stress and labor capacity. By conducting simulations with three fully coupled Earth System Models, we project the effects of land‐use change on heat stress and outdoor labor capacity for two contrasting future land‐use scenarios under high‐ambition mitigation. Achieving a sustainable land‐use scenario with increasing global forest cover instead of an inequality scenario with decreasing forest cover in the Global South causes a global cooling ranging between 0.09°C and 0.35°C across the Earth System Models. However, the effects on human heat stress are less strong, especially over the regions of intense land‐use change such as the tropics, where biogeophysical effects on near‐surface specific humidity and wind speed counteract the cooling effect under warm extremes. The corresponding influence on outdoor labor capacity is small and inconsistent across the three Earth System Models. These results clearly highlight the importance of land‐use change scenarios for achieving global temperature targets while questioning the adaptation potential for reduction in heat stress.

Effect of amino-oligophenylenes on the properties of molybdenum disulfide metal-organic frameworks: Rapid catalytic reduction of nitrophenol in water

Effect of amino-oligophenylenes on the properties of molybdenum disulfide metal-organic frameworks: Rapid catalytic reduction of nitrophenol in water