Rapid Production Research Articles

Development and Evaluation of a Novel Chimeric Genotype VII Newcastle Disease Vaccine: Overcoming Maternal Antibody Interference and Spray Administration

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) poses a significant threat to the poultry industry, with the emergence of genotype VII NDV leading to extensive outbreaks and economic losses. Vaccination is the primary means of controlling NDV, but the presence of maternal antibodies (MDAs) can interfere with the immunological effect of live virus vaccines. Thus, we constructed a chimeric NDV live virus vaccine, LX-OAI4S, by replacing the extracellular regions of the F and HN genes of the NDV LX strain with the corresponding regions of the A-VII vaccine strain. The chimeric vaccine LX-OAI4S demonstrated high genetic stability, good safety, and strong reproductive capacity in chicken embryos. The LX-OAI4S vaccine induced rapid antibody production in specific pathogen-free (SPF) and commercial chickens via the intranasal and intraocular (IN/IO) routes, with hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers reaching 4.71 ± 1.03 log2 at 7 days post-vaccination (dpv), significantly higher than those of the two classical vaccine strains La Sota and VG/GA. The LX-OAI4S vaccine group provided effective protection against the challenge of genotype VII NDV virulent strain JS2/06 and inhibited viral shedding. When administered via spray, the LX-OAI4S vaccine elicited high systemic immunity against NDV in both SPF and commercial chickens, effectively protecting against clinical disease and reducing viral shedding. The chickens were exposed to high-dose vaccine for spray vaccination, and no adverse reactions were observed after vaccination. Despite the presence of anti-NDV MDAs in chickens, the NDV-specific antibody titers were significantly greater in the vaccinated groups than in the unvaccinated group. The vaccine exhibited high immunogenicity and the potential to overcome maternal antibody interference. The LX-OAI4S vaccine is a promising candidate for an ND vaccine. Its administration via spray can effectively prevent the occurrence of ND, making it a valuable tool for the poultry industry.

Structural and photoelectrochemical properties of fibrous silica-titania (FST) photocatalyst for water splitting

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is an ecologically friendly technique that uses effective photoanodes to generate hydrogen (H2). The microemulsion approach was used to develop a distinctive form displaying fibrous silica-titania (FST) photoanode. We examined the photocatalytic attributes of FST, hematite (Fe2O3), and zinc oxide (ZnO). XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, FESEM, TEM, FTIR, XPS, UV–vis/DRS, and EIS were used to investigate the FST, Fe2O3, and ZnO. By using these techniques, a bicontinuous concentric lamellar arrangement with an ample surface area has been developed within FST. Characterization results demonstrate that FST has superior catalytic activity when compared to Fe2O3 and ZnO. The FST photoanode has an improved photocurrent density of 11.75 mA/cm2 and a 14.1% Solar-to-hydrogen (STH %) efficacy, which is greater than ZnO and Fe2O3, which performed at 4.7 mA/cm2 and 2.8 mA/cm2 with 5.6% and 3.36% STH efficiency, respectively. Moreover, we also compared the Solar-to-hydrogen (STH %) effectiveness of FST with different of TiO2 photoanodes. We absorbed that the band gap is decreased when Ti is added to the silica matrix, which facilitates the formation of Si–Ti bonds. FST displays a remarkable closeness of its conduction band (CB) to the hydrogen reduction potential in comparison to ZnO and Fe2O3, allowing for quick electron transfer and rapid production of H2. The geometry of FST design provides a novel way for producing robust and exceptionally productive photoanodes for PEC water splitting.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors of Healthcare Workers Working in Malatya Towards COVID-19 Vaccines

Abstract Background The rapid production of vaccines and the introduction of new vaccine technologies have raised concerns among some individuals regarding anti-vaccination, while others have expressed worries about vaccines. Given that healthcare professionals’ recommendations significantly influence people’s vaccination decisions, this study aimed to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of healthcare professionals working in family health centers towards COVID-19 vaccines. Methods Questionnaires for this descriptive cross-sectional study were administered between February and April 2022. The population comprised 408 health workers employed in family health centers in Malatya, with 292 individuals completing the study. The questionnaire included questions about sociodemographic, COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccines and the COVID-19 Fear Scale. Results Although 97.3% of the research group reported having received the COVID-19 vaccination, 47.9% expressed concerns about these vaccines. The median score of the COVID-19 Fear Scale was 15 (7.00-35.00). 86.6% of the participants indicated that they recommended COVID-19 vaccines. 16.4% of the participants agreed with the statement ‘there are no studies proving the safety of vaccines,’ and 49% agreed that ‘vaccines pass through clinical trials quickly and are put on the market’. Those who did not recommend COVID-19 vaccines, those who agreed with the statement ‘there are no studies proving the safety of vaccines’ and those who agreed with the statement ‘vaccines pass through clinical trials quickly and are put on the market’ were concerned about COVID-19 vaccines with their level of concern significantly higher (p < 0.05). Conclusions Almost all members of the research group had received the COVID-19 vaccine, yet almost half of them expressed concerns about vaccines. Those who do not recommend vaccines, those who believe they are released quickly, and those who have safety concerns are more likely to be concerned. Key messages • Identify the reasons for health workers’ concerns about vaccines and provide remedial interventions for concerns that may arise regarding other vaccines. • It should be ensured that healthcare professionals, who are expected to be role models for society in terms of immunization, possess scientific and up-to-date knowledge on vaccines.

An Enabling Peptide Ligation Induced by Thiol-Salicylaldehyde Ester for Chemical Protein Synthesis.

Chemical protein synthesis by amide-forming ligation of two unprotected peptide segments offers an effective strategy for the preparation of protein derivatives that are not accessible through bioengineering approaches. Herein, an unprecedented chemical ligation between peptides with C-terminal 2-mercaptobenzaldehyde (thiol-salicylaldehyde, TSAL) esters and peptides bearing N-terminal cysteine/penicillamine is reported. Reactive peptide TSAL esters can be obtained from peptide hydrazides in an operationally simple and highly effective manner. This chemoselective peptide ligation enables the rapid production of N,S-benzylidene acetal intermediates, which can readily be converted into native amide bonds even at sterically hindered junctions. In addition, the current method can be applied compatibly in concert with other types of ligations and subsequent desulfurization chemistry, thereby facilitating convergent protein synthesis. The effectiveness of this new method is also showcased by the total synthesis of proteins ubiquitin and hyalomin-3 (Hyal-3), the efficient synthesis of protein ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) via a C-to-N sequential TSAL ester-induced ligation strategy, and the chemical synthesis of protein Mtb CM through a combined strategy of Ser/Thr ligation and TSAL ester-induced ligations.

Study of thermal stress deformation in hybrid 3D printing and milling process of PEEK material

Hybrid manufacturing can enable rapid production of personalized artificial bones that are made of Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) by integrating 3D printing and milling. A main challenge, however, is the thermal stress deformation that arises from the fused deposition process, leading to warping and shrinkage. As a result, the fabrication accuracy is significantly diminished. This work aims to address this challenge by investigating the thermal stress deformation behavior of PEEK in hybrid manufacturing. The main contributions of this work, therefore, include the development of a model for this thermal deformation behavior, and the identification of key parameters such as cross-section length ( Ls), printed layer thickness ( Lh), and current workpiece height ( He). Further, experiments are conducted based on response surface methodology (RSM) to explore the relationships between temperature variation rate (Δ T), end surface height difference (Δ S), and length shrinkage rate (Δ L) with critical hybrid processing parameters. Optimal parameter combinations are then identified. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed methods effectively reduce the effects of warping and shrinkage.

A Method for Generating Toolpaths in the Manufacturing of Orthosis Molds with a Five-Axis Computer Numerical Control Machine

This paper proposes a new algorithm for the automatic generation of toolpaths for machining complex geometric positions, such as molds used in orthosis production. The production of individualized orthoses often requires the use of multi-axis machining systems, such as five-axis machines or industrial robots. Typically, complex and expensive CAD/CAM systems are used to generate toolpaths for these machines, requiring the definition of a machining strategy for each surface. While this approach can achieve a reliable and high-quality machining process, it is very time-consuming and makes it challenging to meet the criteria for rapid production of orthopedic aids. Given that their production is a custom-made process using individual shapes as inputs, the toolpath generation process becomes even more demanding. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an algorithm suitable for the automatic generation of toolpaths for such complex positions. The proposed algorithm has been tested and has proven to be robust and applicable.

Preparation of High Thermal Conductivity Graphene Films by Rapid Reduction with Low Energy Consumption.

In the domain of smart electronic devices, graphene films play a pivotal role due to their flexibility and high thermal conductivity. Within the realm of fabricating highly thermally conductive graphene films, Joule heating technology has garnered significant attention because of its capability for rapid temperature elevation and reduction of graphitization duration. However, substantial gas emission occurs during the reduction of graphene oxide films using this method, leading to immediate combustion and film fracturing, thereby limiting the rapid and uninterrupted production of graphene films. To address this challenge, a rapid reduction preparation process is introduced. This process initiates with a two-step reduction of graphene oxide films employing a reducing agent to establish gas escape pathways within the graphene films beforehand. Subsequently, the film is pressurized and Joule-heated using a graphite plate, with the entire heating process lasting only 800 s. The resulting graphene film exhibits a remarkable thermal conductivity of up to 1012W/(m·K). This method enhances the production efficiency of high thermal conductivity graphene films and is expected to further reduce production costs.

Study, Design and Production of a Semi-Automatic Pneumatic Capper in Benin

This work constitutes a contribution to the development of the processing of agri-food products. In Benin, processors of agri-food products are facing enormous difficulties. One of the difficulties is the lack of equipment. It is to somewhat alleviate one of their difficulties that this work was carried out for fruit juice producers. Indeed, the lack of equipment affects their production capacity, because the vast majority of their production is carried out using equipment for manual use. With the intention of providing a solution to this problem of producers, through our study, we have proposed a simple tool that they can easily use and at an affordable price for the vast majority of producers. Thus, we carried out a study, design and production of a semi-automatic pneumatic bottle capper. After a study which is based on mathematical models, we made a design using the Top Solide software and proceeded to the production after manufacturing certain parts and purchasing others. We wrote a program that allowed us to automate the capper. The price of the capper is 550,000f CFA including tax. Regarding the results of our work, the capper allows a bottle to be closed between 3 seconds and 6 seconds, i.e. 10 to 20 bottles per minute, therefore 600 to 1200 bottles per hour. This study will therefore ensure rapid production and in sufficient quantity to satisfy customers and all this in record time.

Sustainable Supply Chain Development Strategies in the Fast Fashion Industry: A Case Study of Nike

With the acceleration of globalization, companies are increasingly concerned about environmental protection and social responsibility, and sustainable development has become an important trend in industrial development. The fast fashion industry has attracted much attention due to its rapid market response, mass production, and frequent style updates. However, its supply chain faces many challenges in terms of sustainability. Based on this background, this study delves into sustainable supply chain management in the fast fashion industry using Nike as a case study. By analyzing Nikes strategies, practices and achievements, this paper provides useful suggestions and insights for achieving sustainability in the fast fashion industry. Nike has positively contributed to supply chain sustainability by promoting a circular economy, establishing a green supply chain and optimizing inventory management. This study can provide an important reference for the sustainable development of the fast fashion industry and a guide for companies to innovate and improve continuously under the global sustainability agenda.

Challenges on extrusion-based additive manufacturing of thermoplastic polyurethane

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) offers rapid production with user-friendly operation and cost-effectiveness, yet challenges in printing with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) persist. This study identifies causes of print defects in FFF-TPUs and their relation to process parameters, by visually analysing samples produced with various TPU materials. Extrusion temperature, printing speeds, filament cooling, overlap, and extrusion flow are subject to evaluation. Common issues include filament entanglements, under-extrusion, stringing, or geometric deviations. Among other approaches, results highlight the importance of slow, constant print speeds and careful optimization of extrusion temperature.

Compositional simulation of coupled transport mechanisms in fractured-vuggy underground gas storage: A case study of LWC in the Sichuan Basin

Compositional models were built to simulate the underground gas storage (UGS) operation, which is characterized by multiple cycles of rapid injection and production. Based on the validated model of the fractured-vuggy underground gas storage Lao Weng-Chang (LWC), this study evaluated the individual and coupling effects of stress sensitivity, relative permeability hysteresis, and high-speed non-Darcy flow on UGS operation. It was found that stress sensitivity is the main controlling factor behind the reduced working gas volume, and it led to a 6.07% decline in working gas volume. Relative permeability hysteresis is the determining factor for the storage capacity, and it led to a 9.05% decline in storage capacity. The high-speed non-Darcy flow only led to a 0.16% reduction in storage capacity but led to a 4.19% decline in working gas volume. A higher stress sensitivity coefficient and increased residual gas saturation both lead to greater losses in both storage capacity and working gas volume. Coupling stress sensitivity and relative permeability hysteresis would have a more pronounced effect on working gas volume than when considered individually. Considering the high-speed non-Darcy flow further decreases working gas volume. The gas production per unit pressure drop will also decrease with the increasing Reynolds number, and there exists a critical value of Re where the decrease significantly accelerates.

Magnetic Induction Heating-Driven Rapid Cold Start of Ammonia Decomposition for Hydrogen Production.

The advantages of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier have led to proposals for on-site hydrogen production through its decomposition. Rapid cold start of ammonia decomposition is crucial for applications such as ammonia-powered vehicles, but conventional heating methods are challenged by the high decomposition temperature of ammonia. In this study, we successfully achieved the rapid cold start of ammonia decomposition using Co nanoparticle catalysts driven by magnetic induction heating, demonstrating excellent catalytic performance and stability. The magnetic induction heating-driven ammonia decomposition system was integrated with a hydrogen fuel cell, proving its ability to achieve the cold start of ammonia decomposition within 10 s, as demonstrated by comparative experiments using 75% H2-25% N2 from a gas cylinder as the control. This study provides a deeper understanding of hysteresis heating catalysis, promoting the practical use of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier for rapid hydrogen production in the energy industry.

Optimization of fermentation conditions for Bacillus velezensis TCS001 and evaluation of its growth promotion and disease prevention effects on strawberries

Bacillus velezensis TCS001 is a novel biocontrol bacterium with broad-spectrum antifungal activity and plant growth-promoting effects, holding great potential for development in agricultural production. This study optimized the fermentation conditions for B. velezensis TCS001 through single-factor experiments combined with response surface methodology, and developed a formulation for TCS001 suspension concentrate (TCS001-SC). The efficacy of TCS001-SC to promote the growth of strawberries and to prevent and control strawberry anthracnose was evaluated. The optimal liquid fermentation condition for TCS001 was determined to be 2.89 % soluble peanut cake powder, 3.0 % glucose, 3.0 % soluble starch, 0.002 % FePO4, 0.006 % KCl, 0.6 % NaCl, 0.05 % MgCl2·6H2O, 0.3 % K2HPO4, 0.15 % KH2PO4, 0.05 % CaCO3, 0.005 % MnSO4, a working volume of 31 % (77.5 mL/250 mL), a rotation speed of 173 r/min, a cultivation temperature of 28°C, an inoculum volume of 1.0 %, and a pH of 7.0. The 15 L fermenter upscale culture achieved a spore count of 9.46 × 109 CFU/mL, which was 2.01 times the spore count of 4.7 × 109 CFU/mL before optimization, and a preliminary TCS001-SC was developed with the fermented broth as the main component. Agar plate confrontation tests showed that TCS001 had antifungal activity against five types of anthracnose fungi, with inhibition rates ranging from 70.3 % to 87.2 %. TCS001-SC could promote the growth of strawberries and induce a rapid defense enzyme response in their leaves, enhancing the plant's resistance to pathogens. After treatment, individual strawberry plants showed significant increases in the number of leaves, fresh weight of stems and leaves, root fresh weight, leaf area, plant height, and the content of POD, SOD, CAT enzymes, GA, IAA, and ABA compared to the control.Additionally, it shows good prevention and control effects against strawberry anthracnose, with a control efficacy of 60.45% after five spray treatments at a concentration of 2 × 107 CFU/mL, which is not significantly different from the efficacy of commercial microbial agents such as Bacillus subtilis wettable powder, subsequent field trials will be conducted to determine its potential as a microbial pesticide. This study provides important support for the future industrial production and application of the strain TCS001.

Towards a high-rate operation of contact stabilization process: A microscopic view of carbon capture properties

Carbon capture performance is a key factor determining the chemical energy recovery potential of the high-rate contact stabilization (HiCS) process. However, the mechanisms of organic carbon capture are complex, involving surface adsorption, extracellular adsorption, and intracellular storage. A unique characteristic of the HiCS process is its low sludge residence time (SRT). Unfortunately, the influence of SRT on carbon capture has not been thoroughly studied, especially in terms of the underlying mechanisms. In this study, the microscopic changes in carbon capture performance during the transition from a conventional contact stabilized (CS) system to a high-rate mode of operation were demonstrated using intracellular carbon sources, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), signaling molecules, and microbial community assays. The results showed that the extracellular carbon adsorption and intracellular carbon storage performance increased, and the microbial community structure changed significantly with converting the CS system to the high-rate operation mode. The enhancement of extracellular carbon adsorption performance mainly relied on the growth of EPS, which was accomplished by the strong growth of the relative abundance of the dominant bacterial group Cloacibacterium within the HiCS system, offsetting the negative effect produced by the decline of acyl-homoserine lactones. 98 mgCOD/gSS, 343 mgCOD/gSS, and 500 mgCOD/gSS of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) per sludge unit were obtained at SRT-24d, 8d, and 2d, respectively, suggesting that the HiCS system is more advantageous for rapid PHAs production.

Fast preparing bioelectrode with conductive bioink for nitrite detection in high sensitivity and stability

Electrochemically active biofilms (EABs) for nitrite detection have high specificity, rapid response, operational simplicity, and extended lifespan advantages. However, their scale production remains challenging due to time-consuming and uniform preparation. In this study, a novel approach was proposed to fast fabricate an EAB biosensor with a synthetic biofilm electrode for nitrite detection. The biofilm electrode was prepared by coating bioinks with varying conductive materials onto the surface of the graphite sheets, showing short incubation time and good reproducibility. Incorporating conductive materials into the bioinks remarkably enhanced the maximum voltage of the first cycle of bioelectrode incubation, with an increase of up to 633% for carbon nanofibers. The nitrite reduction current was amplified by a factor of 2.97, due to the enhancement of extracellular electron transfer (EET). The developed nitrite biosensor exhibited a detection range of 0.1–15 mg NO2--N L−1, with a high sensitivity of 610.8 μA mM−1 cm−2, and a stabilization operation time of at least 280 cycles. This study not only provided valuable insights into conductive materials for synthetic biofilms but also presented a practical approach for the rapid preparation, scale production, and optimization of highly sensitive and stable EAB sensors.

Exploring the catalytic conversion of aromatic model compounds of coal pyrolysis over Ca(OH)2

The distribution of pyrolysis products from aromatic model compounds in coal catalyzed by Ca(OH)2 was investigated at the molecular level. The composition and relative abundance of the pyrolysis products from coal were analyzed using Py-GC/MS. The rapid pyrolysis products of coal at 600 °C consisted of phenols (15.94 %), non-phenolic oxygenated compounds (25.31 %), aliphatics (49.03 %), aromatic compounds (21.74 %), and other compounds (0.03 %). Six representative aromatic model compounds (2-methoxy-4-methylphenol, p-cresol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, o-cresol, guaiacol, and catechol) were selected. The pyrolysis process of model compounds was primarily the cleavage of C-O and C-C bonds, which resulted in the formation of methoxy and methyl radicals. The results revealed that Ca(OH)2 undergoes acid-base reactions with -OH, thereby increasing the stability of the model compounds. Notably, the impact of Ca(OH)2 on the composition and distribution of pyrolysis products was significantly more pronounced in aromatic compounds containing both -OCH3 and -OH compared to those containing solely -OH. The formation pathways of pyrolysis products involving guaiacol and Ca(OH)2 were elucidated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, demonstrating that Ca(OH)2 could facilitate more free radicals release and the conversion of model compounds. This study contributes to the understanding of the transformation of aromatic compounds during coal pyrolysis at the molecular level.

Development of automatic audio panning system for immersive sound through stage size-aware model and object-tracking

We investigated a novel AI-assisted automated 'immersive' audio panning system designed to track audio-related objects within a video clip. This system comprises four sequential steps: Object-Tracking, Stage dimension Estimation, XY-Coordinate Calculation, and Object Audio Rendering. The system is designed to overcome existing challenges arising from the rapid and frequent movement of target objects by employing a pre-trained object-tracking model and integrating depth information to ensure stability in subsequent tasks. Additionally, we introduce a stage size-aware model to extrapolate stage dimension using our manually collected dataset, formatted as (Image, Width, Depth), which facilitates model training. Consequently, the system calculates XY-Coordinate pairs, serving as panning values for conventional audio mixers or decoders to enable immersive audio reproduction. We anticipate that this video- and space-aware automatic panning system will be valuable for the rapid production of new media.

FastAd: A versatile toolkit for rapid generation of single adenoviruses or diverse adenoviral vector libraries

Adenoviruses (Ads) are potent gene delivery vectors for in vitro and in vivo applications. However, current methods for their construction are time-consuming and inefficient, limiting their rapid production and utility in generating complex genetic libraries. Here, we introduce FastAd, a rapid and easy-to-use technology for inserting recombinant “donor” DNA directly into infectious “receiver” Ads in mammalian cells by the concerted action of two efficient recombinases: Cre and Bxb1. Subsequently, the resulting mixed recombinant Ad population is subjected to negative selections by flippase (FLP) recombinase to remove viruses that missed the initial recombination. With this approach, recombinant Ad production time is reduced from two months to 10 days or less. FastAd can be applied for inserting complex genetic DNA libraries into Ad genomes, as evidenced by the generation of barcode libraries with over 3 million unique clones from a T25 flask-scale of transfection. Furthermore, we leveraged FastAd to construct an Ad library containing a comprehensive genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 guide RNA (gRNA) library and demonstrated its effectiveness in uncovering novel virus-host interactions. In summary, FastAd enables the rapid generation of single Ad vectors or complex genetic libraries, facilitating not only novel applications of Ad vectors but also research in foundational Ad biology.

Ultra-fast, Self-destructing technology based on autocatalytic energetic conductive ink

Transient electronics show promising potential in data security and privacy preservation. Key criteria for transient electronic devices include quick production, short lifespan, and irreversible degradation. This article proposes a novel energetic conductive ink (EILs-Fc-SWNTs/EMOFs) with ultra-fast self-destruct performance for information protection. The ink based on carbon nanotubes modified with energetic ionic liquids and combustion rate catalysts, has advantages of high conductivity, high energy properties, and rapid production. Transient electronic devices containing micro-storage chips are achieved through direct writing technology. The writing circuit exhibits excellent conductivity (65.57 S/cm), high flexibility (2000 bending cycles), and high-energy characteristics (1640.3 J/g). The combustion temperature of the printing circuit is estimated at approximately 2100 °C. More importantly, transient electronics device commercial storage chips can be destroyed within 0.9 s.

Femtosecond laser-induced plasma-assisted backward deposition of robustly adherent porous carbon films on glass substrates

The simple and rapid production and transfer of high-quality carbon materials are crucial for the flexible and efficient fabrication of carbon-based electronic devices. Recently, a laser-assisted transfer method combining laser-induced carbonization and transfer printing was demonstrated for the one-step preparation and transfer of patterned laser-induced carbon films to transparent substrates. However, this method is limited by insufficient robustness and weak adhesion of the carbon film post-transfer. Herein, we developed a non-contact laser-induced plasma-assisted deposition method to deposit robustly adherent porous carbon films on glass substrates. By well-adjusting the laser parameters and inserting spacers with adjustable thickness, laser-induced plasma ablation replaced direct laser ablation during femtosecond laser scanning of the substrate-polyimide-carrier sandwich structure, resulting in micro-channels with a carbon-glass recast layer instead of easily peelable flakes on the glass substrate. This hierarchical structure significantly enhances the adhesion between the laser-induced carbon film and the glass substrate, ensuring outstanding stability of the deposited carbon film under various adhesion tests. Furthermore, compared to carbon films prepared by the laser-assisted transfer method, the obtained carbon films are hydrophilic, low-resistance, and porous, facilitating the fabrication of energy storage devices. To demonstrate its practical application, a planar carbon-based micro-supercapacitor was fabricated on glass, exhibiting excellent electrochemical and cycling performance.