Phase Of Rapid Development Research Articles

Worldwide research trends on bone metastases of lung cancer: a bibliometric analysis.

Lung cancer has the highest fatality rate among all malignancies worldwide. Within this disease, bone metastasis (BM) emerges as a particularly deleterious site of metastatic dissemination, marked by a dismal prognosis. The objective of this investigation is to shed light on the current international research efforts and the development trajectory on lung cancer BM through a bibliometric analysis (performance and visualization analysis). Data were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection repository on lung cancer BM from 1 January 2012 to 1 January 2022. Subsequently, the collected data underwent scrutiny using the VOSviewer software to reveal patterns of co-authorship, co-citation, and keyword analysis, while the CiteSpace software facilitated the generation of keyword cluster maps and performed burst analyses. The study included 327 papers of 2,154 authors, 587 organizations, and 41 countries, and explored the cooperation between them and the relationships between citations. Over the past decade, published papers showed a steady growth trend. China had the highest production with 189 papers, and USA had the highest collaboration with other countries, with 43 total link strength. Lung Cancer exhibited the highest frequency of co-cited journals, with a co-citation time of 412 and an IF/JCR partition of 6.081/Q1 in 2021. The most frequently co-cited article, authored by Tsuya A and published in Lung Cancer in 2007, amassed 70 co-citations. High-frequency keywords were categorized into four clusters: pathogenesis, treatment and clinical manifestations, prognosis, and diagnosis. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the strong citation burst strength of keywords such as "predictor," "skeletal-related events," "efficacy," "migration," "docetaxel," and "impact." Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of tumor. This bibliometric study provides a comprehensive analysis of lung cancer BM in the recent 10 years. The field of early diagnosis, pathogenesis, and new treatments is entering a phase of rapid development and remains valuable for future research.

Revisiting 30 years of advances in firefighter protective clothing: a quantitative assessment and bibliometric analysis

Firefighter protective clothing research has undergone rapid development and garnered extensive attention over the past three decades. However, its trajectory lacks quantitative evaluation due to the complex relationship among humans, clothing, and the environment. Here, we aimed to (1) develop an objective and reproducible evaluation index system for the quantitative assessment of firefighter protective clothing research, (2) delineate the developmental stages and their analytical characteristics over the past three decades through bibliometric analysis, and (3) scrutinize the current status, research hotspots, gaps, and future concerns. Our review of 314 publications from the Web of Science Core database (1994–2023) led to the creation of an evaluation index system that integrates the catastrophe progression method with bibliometric analysis, incorporating 10 indicators across 4 dimensions: productivity, influence, development, and innovation. The bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Bibliometrix R package. The results reveal a rapid increase in firefighter protective clothing studies from 1994 to 2023, comprising two stages: the start-up phase (1994–2009) and the rapid development phase (2010–2023). Thematic evolution over three decades indicates a shift from single specific to composite domains, with emerging themes such as achieving a balance in the interaction between the human body, clothing, and environment signaling future research directions. In addition, we visualized the most relevant countries, institutions, journals, authors, articles, and potential challenges during the last 30 years. This review provides an overview of current evidence and minimizes subjectivity bias compared to traditional manual reviews, thus presenting specific future research questions advancing firefighter protective clothing research.

Global trends and hotspots of exercise interventions for mild cognitive impairment: A global bibliometric analysis.

Exercise interventions for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have been extensively studied. However, there is no bibliometric study on exercise interventions for MCI. This study aimed to identify the collaborative networks, research hotspots, evolution trends, and future directions. Relevant documents were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. VOSviewer was used to analyze the co-authorship of the author, countries and institutions, and the keywords co-occurrence. CiteSpace was used to detect burst keywords' research trends. A total of 569 articles were included and showed an overall increasing trend in annual publications. The most influential subject categories, authors, journals, country, and institutions were "geriatrics gerontology," "Doi, Takehiko and Shimada, Hiroyuki," "Journal of Alzheimer's Disease," USA, and "Veterans Health Administration," respectively. The research hotspots are "effectiveness," "neural mechanism" and "correlation" of exercise interventions, and the emerging trend is "intervention quality." This area is in a rapid development phase, whereby research hotpots are focused and the research trend is clear. The highly productive authors and institutions have made outstanding contributions and the subject categories present an interdisciplinary trend. However, there is weak cooperation between countries and institutions, and a substantial research gap exists between developed and developing countries. Future research may highlight the intervention quality, emphasizing the combination with virtual reality technology.

Living estuarine shorelines as nature-based green engineering for coastal stabilization: A scientometric analysis

Natural estuarine wetland shorelines play a crucial role in coastal stabilization and preserving ecological security patterns. The effectiveness of estuarine shoreline engineering in reducing coastal erosion and maintaining the stability of ecosystem structures and functions is tightly linked to their types and structures. Although the living estuarine shorelines have received increasing attention, there have been few systematic literature reviews on the development process, research hotspots and future trends in this field. Here we summarized the literatures, and analyzed them in terms of annual publications, subject categories, co-cited journals, countries, institutions, authors, references, and keywords based on OriginPro, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace softwares. Results showed that the studies on living estuarine shorelines have experienced a rapid development phase since 2004, which is mainly categorized into Environmental Sciences and Oceanography, and the research institutions and scholars are mainly from the USA and China. The effects of human activities and climate change on the structures and functions of estuarine ecosystems are the dominant topics. Furthermore, the nature-based management solutions have been proposed to improve the functions and services of estuarine ecosystems. Currently, the habitats of estuarine wetlands worldwide have undergone varying degrees of degradation, therefore, the ecological conservation and restoration of estuarine shorelines urgently require the active participation of the public. It is highly important to integrate multi-disciplinary and multi-technology approaches to construct nature-based, more resilient, multi-service synergistic, and composite living shorelines in coastal zones. The findings of this research can provide scientific guidelines for the adaptive management and conservation of estuarine wetlands.

Knowledge mapping of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: a bibliometric analysis.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), caused by the Dabie bandavirus (DBV), formerly known as the SFTS virus (SFTSV), is characterized by rapid progression, high morbidity, and mortality. This study aims to analyze the current research status, hotspots, and trends of SFTS since 2009 through bibliometrics, focusing on original research and providing valuable references and inspirations for future basic research, prevention and control of SFTS. The Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) was used to extract global papers on SFTS from 2009 to 2024. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were also used to process and visualize results. A total of 760 publications relevant to SFTS were reviewed. Among these publications, the most active country, author, and publication type included China, Liu Wei, and original articles, respectively. Among the institutions, the National Institute of Infectious Diseases emerged as the top publisher. The most frequently used keywords were "China," "Bunyavirus," and "person-to-person transmission." The bibliometric analysis reviewed and summarized the research results in the field of SFTS and demonstrated the research trends in the field. In addition, the study revealed the current research hotspots and predicted the future research frontiers and potential challenges in the field of SFTS, which will provide references for further exploring and investigating the SFTS-related mechanisms and inspire new therapeutic strategies. Bibliometric visualization provides an overview of research advances, hotspots, and trends regarding SFTS and consolidates existing knowledge. SFTS research is in a phase of rapid development, and the number of annual publications in the field is growing steadily and rapidly. This is laying the groundwork for further research and providing new ideas for clinicians engaged in SFTS-related therapies and researchers working to improve public health. Currently, researchers are focused on elucidating the biology of SFTS, exploring antibodies, delving into pathogenesis, and investigating specific therapies.

Digital Inclusive Finance Helps Green Industry in Fujian Province Development

Aims: Digital inclusive finance, as a combination of modern technology and financial services, has developed rapidly in recent years. This new financial model has not only changed the traditional way of providing financial services, but also profoundly affected all aspects of economic and social development. The report of the 18th CPC National Congress made the important decision of "vigorously promoting the construction of ecological civilization " from the strategic height of the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. China's green industry has ushered in a new phase of rapid development. As an important province on the southeast coast of China, Fujian Province, with rich natural resources and vast rural areas, is an important region to promote the development of green industry. Methodology: In this paper, the green industry index of nine prefecture-level cities in Fujian Province from 2011 to 2021 is selected as the explanatory variable, and the development level of digital inclusive finance is taken as the core explanatory variable to explore the impact of digital inclusive finance on the development of green industry in Fujian Province. Results: According to the multiple linear regression, it is found that the level of green industry development is positively correlated with the level of digital inclusive finance development at the 1% significant level, i.e., digital inclusive finance helps to promote the development of green industry in Fujian Province. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, the paper puts forward the following recommendations: through the provision of low-cost financing, innovative financial products, digitalized payments and settlements, popularisation of financial education, and the promotion of cooperation, digital inclusive finance can effectively support the development of the green industry. This not only helps to achieve the goal of environmentally sustainable development, but also promotes economic growth, creates employment opportunities and enhances social well-being.

Global research of artificial intelligence in eyelid diseases: A bibliometric analysis

PurposeTo generate an overview of global research on artificial intelligence (AI) in eyelid diseases using a bibliometric approach. MethodsAll publications related to AI in eyelid diseases from 1900 to 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database. After manual screening, 98 publications published between 2000 and 2023 were finally included. We analyzed the annual trend of publication and citation count, productivity and co-authorship of countries/territories and institutions, research domain, source journal, co-occurrence and evolution of the keywords and co-citation and clustering of the references, using the analytic tool of the WoS, VOSviewer, Wordcloud Python package and CiteSpace. ResultsBy analyzing a total of 98 relevant publications, we detected that this field had continuously developed over the past two decades and had entered a phase of rapid development in the last three years. Among these countries/territories and institutions contributing to this field, China was the most productive country and had the most institutions with high productivity, while USA was the most active in collaborating with others. The most popular research domains was Ophthalmology and the most productive journals were Ocular Surface. The co-occurrence network of keywords could be classified into 3 clusters respectively concerned about blepharoptosis, meibomian gland dysfunction and blepharospasm. The evolution of research hotspots is from clinical features to clinical scenarios and from image processing to deep learning. In the clustering analysis of co-cited reference network, cluster “0# deep learning” was the largest and latest, and cluster “#5 meibomian glands visibility assessment” existed for the longest time. ConclusionsAlthough the research of AI in eyelid diseases has rapidly developed in the last three years, there are still gaps in this area. Our findings provide researchers with a better understanding of the development of the field and a reference for future research directions.

Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential and Economics of Green Hydrogen via Water Electrolysis: A Systematic Review of Value-Chain-Wide Decarbonization

Green hydrogen generated via water electrolysis has become an essential energy carrier for achieving carbon neutrality globally because of its versatility in renewable energy consumption and decarbonization applications in hard-to-abate sectors; however, there is a lack of systematic analyses of its abatement potential and economics as an alternative to traditional technological decarbonization pathways. Based on bibliometric analysis and systematic evaluation methods, this study characterizes and analyzes the literature on the Web of Science from 1996 to 2023, identifying research hotspots, methodological models, and research trends in green hydrogen for mitigating climate change across total value chain systems. Our review shows that this research theme has entered a rapid development phase since 2016, with developed countries possessing more scientific results and closer partnerships. Difficult-to-abate sectoral applications and cleaner production are the most famous value chain links, and research hotspots focus on three major influencing factors: the environment; techno-economics; and energy. Green hydrogen applications, which include carbon avoidance and embedding to realize carbon recycling, have considerable carbon reduction potential; however, uncertainty limits the influence of carbon reduction cost assessment indicators based on financial analysis methods for policy guidance. The abatement costs in the decarbonization sector vary widely across value chains, electricity sources, baseline scenarios, technology mixes, and time scenarios. This review shows that thematic research trends are focused on improving and optimizing solutions to uncertainties, as well as studying multisectoral synergies and the application of abatement assessment metrics.

STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF BRAND AWARENESS OF ENTERPRISES IN THE LEISURE SNACK INDUSTRY ON CONSUMER PURCHASE INTENTIONS: USING PRODUCT EXPECTATIONS AS THE MEDIATING VARIABLE

With rapid economic growth, enterprises in the leisure snack industry have entered a phase of rapid development. Nowadays, it is crucial for leisure snack companies to focus on factors influencing consumer purchase intentions in order to better develop their businesses. When consumers make a purchase decision, factors such as brand awareness have an impact on their willingness to buy, extending beyond the influence of the product itself. Additionally, the internet's development has integrated online shopping into consumers' lives. Due to the inability of online consumers to physically interact with products, there are differences in how consumers perceive product brands. This study aims to investigate the influence of brand awareness, consumer purchase intentions, and product expectations in the leisure snack industry under two purchase scenarios: online and offline. We will test the hypotheses through a literature review, collect data using surveys, and validate the results using SPSS. The research findings indicate that, in both online and offline purchase scenarios, brand awareness of leisure snack companies positively influences consumers' purchase intentions. Specifically, in both online and offline settings, aspects of brand awareness such as "brand recognition, brand recall," and "brand distinctiveness" all have a positive impact on consumer purchase intentions. In the leisure snack industry, product expectations play a mediating role between brand awareness and consumer purchase intentions.

System Dynamics Simulation of China's Electric Vehicle Market Development Trends

The global new energy vehicle industry is currently in a phase of rapid development, with the growth of China's new energy electric vehicle sector being dynamically regulated by various factors within the overall market. Consequently, this study considers the competitive relationship with traditional fuel vehicles and the policy and economic factors present in international trade. Utilizing system dynamics models and dynamic simulations based on graph theory, the research analyzes the future development trends of the overall automobile market and China's new energy electric vehicles. The results indicate that electric vehicles globally will have a disruptive impact on the traditional fuel vehicle market. In situations where China's new energy electric vehicles significantly challenge the traditional fuel vehicle market, the market share of electric vehicles is expected to grow at a high rate over the next 30 years, rapidly increasing from 0.4 to 0.87. Different governmental guidance measures can create up to a 17% difference in market share. In foreign markets, under the global context of 'carbon peaking' and other low-carbon initiatives, or in scenarios where Chinese electric vehicles have a competitive advantage, the impact on the development of China's new energy vehicle industry is relatively minor.

Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression pattern analysis of the JAZ gene family in Moso bamboo during rapid shoot development

Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla (Carriere) Matsum.), a member of the bamboo subfamily within the Gramineae family, is a globally significant economic forest resource, notable for its swift growth. JAZ proteins, crucial in the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, play essential roles in plant growth, development, and responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. This study identifies 22 JAZ genes in moso bamboo using bioinformatics. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of their physicochemical properties, gene structure, chromosomal localization, conserved structural domains and motifs, cis-acting regulatory elements, and evolutionary relationships. Furthermore, by mining transcriptome data, we delineated the expression patterns of the JAZ gene family during the rapid shoot development phase in moso bamboo. This analysis suggests a significant role for the JAZ genes in the growth and development of moso bamboo. Additionally, we predicted transcription factors that regulate JAZ and analyzed protein interactions to construct an initial JAZ-related regulatory network. This study provides a crucial foundation for understanding the functions of the JAZ gene family and elucidating the molecular mechanisms underpinning the rapid shoot development in moso bamboo.

Updates to the Alliance of Genome Resources central infrastructure.

The Alliance of Genome Resources (Alliance) is an extensible coalition of knowledgebases focused on the genetics and genomics of intensively studied model organisms. The Alliance is organized as individual knowledge centers with strong connections to their research communities and a centralized software infrastructure, discussed here. Model organisms currently represented in the Alliance are budding yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, zebrafish, frog, laboratory mouse, laboratory rat, and the Gene Ontology Consortium. The project is in a rapid development phase to harmonize knowledge, store it, analyze it, and present it to the community through a web portal, direct downloads, and application programming interfaces (APIs). Here, we focus on developments over the last 2 years. Specifically, we added and enhanced tools for browsing the genome (JBrowse), downloading sequences, mining complex data (AllianceMine), visualizing pathways, full-text searching of the literature (Textpresso), and sequence similarity searching (SequenceServer). We enhanced existing interactive data tables and added an interactive table of paralogs to complement our representation of orthology. To support individual model organism communities, we implemented species-specific "landing pages" and will add disease-specific portals soon; in addition, we support a common community forum implemented in Discourse software. We describe our progress toward a central persistent database to support curation, the data modeling that underpins harmonization, and progress toward a state-of-the-art literature curation system with integrated artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML).

RFWBS Model: Multilevel Hybrid Mapping Solution Framework for Designing Neurorehabilitation Physiotherapy Devices

Healthcare services and rehabilitation equipment have entered a phase of rapid development driven by user requirements. However, the development of corresponding design models for rehabilitation equipment is lacking. A general framework and development process are urgently needed for neurorehabilitation physiotherapy equipment. To address problems such as inadequate knowledge representation in the design process and difficulties in modeling the functional structure of the product, we combined a decomposition topology model of neurorehabilitation physiotherapy equipment with the modular design method. We proposed a general model for the design of neurorehabilitation physiotherapy equipment comprising the following modules: requirements (R), function (F), principle workspace (W), behavior (B), and structure (S), i.e., the RFWBS model. Using the neurorehabilitation robotic glove as an example for design practice, in terms of kinematics, the mechanism is analyzed by establishing a Lagrangian coordinate system for resolution. The mechanism has three degrees of freedom and can achieve the natural flexion and extension angles of each finger joint. In terms of dynamics, during the entire finger extension, the angular acceleration is almost zero, and the average angular velocity is approximately 30~50°/s. This indicates that the mechanism is suitable for wearable use, validating the scientific and effective nature of the RFWBS expanded model.

Current technology landscape of biochar in carbon capture and storage research via bibliometric analysis

<abstract> <p>This study explores the current technology landscape and intersection of biochar and carbon capture and storage (CCS) within the engineering field, presenting a meticulous analysis gleaned from the Scopus database through bibliometric analysis. In response to the urgent need to address the escalating climate crisis, biochar, with its high carbon content, emerges as a promising and resilient tool for carbon sequestration. A literature review establishes biochar's pivotal role in mitigating climate change with contributions including substantial carbon sequestration potential, economic benefits, and positive impacts on soil structure and crop yields. Distinguishing between the applications of biochar and CCS, this paper emphasizes their complementary roles in decarbonization. By employing VOSviewer, an advanced bibliometric tool, a quantitative exploration of global connections identifying prominent authors, highly cited literature, and research trends is provided. The results reveal a substantial increase in publications related to biochar in CCS, particularly during the rapid development phase from 2016 to 2023, reflecting a growing interest in utilizing biochar as a carbon sink. Key insights from the co-occurrence analysis of keywords shed light on evolving research focuses, with three distinct clusters demonstrating the interconnectedness of adsorption, biochar, and pyrolysis. The precise method highlights a shift in research focus towards more impactful areas, particularly water pollutant removal and adsorption. The conclusion emphasizes biochar's dual role in soil carbon sequestration and carbon capture technologies, showcasing its versatility as a valuable tool in climate change mitigation efforts. Despite challenges in large-scale implementation, biochar, especially in the context of direct air capture and bioenergy CCS, emerges as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent. In summary, this bibliometric analysis encapsulates a rigorous exploration of biochar and CCS, contributing valuable insights for researchers, policymakers and practitioners. By navigating uncharted territory, this study guides future endeavors toward impactful and relevant areas of study in the pursuit of sustainable climate change mitigation.</p> </abstract>

Cross-entropy method for multiple attribute decision making under the triangular fuzzy neutrosophic sets

Cloud computing is emerging as an advanced stage of enterprise information technology in a highly competitive society, and is now in a phase of rapid development. Enterprises using cloud computing can reduce the cost of building infrastructure and reap huge benefits. Due to the convenience of cloud computing, more and more enterprises are inclined to use cloud services to build their business systems. However, there are many different cloud service providers in the market, and enterprises need scientific decision-making tools to determine which cloud service provider to choose. The cloud service provider selection is viewed as the multi-attribute decision-making (MADM). In this paper, the cross-entropy method under triangular fuzzy neutrosophic sets (TFNSs) is built based on the traditional cross-entropy method. Firstly, the TFNSs is introduced. Then, combine the traditional fuzzy cross-entropy method with TFNSs information, the triangular fuzzy neutrosophic number cross-entropy (TFNN-CE) method is established for MADM under TFNSs. Finally, a numerical example for cloud service provider selection has been given and some comparisons is used to illustrate advantages of cross-entropy method with TFNSs.

Important Aspects of Innovative Activities of Women in the Field of Small Business and Entrepreneurship

Objectives: The primary objectives of this analysis are to examine the challenges faced by independent developing countries, focusing on the specific case of Uzbekistan. The study aims to understand the complexities involved in building a democratic and free civil society during the country's ongoing journey as an independent nation. Additionally, the objectives include identifying the shifts and advancements in societal sentiments, particularly the current social upsurge among citizens as Uzbekistan enters a stage of rapid development.
 
 Methods: The research methodology encompasses an analysis of historical and contemporary data related to Uzbekistan's development as an independent nation. It involves a comprehensive review of socio-economic difficulties and political crises during the early years of independence. Additionally, the methods include examining the current social landscape and citizen sentiments, considering factors contributing to the peaceful and rapid development phase. Qualitative and quantitative data will be employed to provide a nuanced understanding of the country's evolving socio-political dynamics.
 
 Results: Preliminary findings indicate a noteworthy shift in societal mood, marked by a social upsurge among citizens in Uzbekistan. The results highlight a transition from past concerns over socio-economic difficulties and political crises to a present state characterized by peaceful coexistence and rapid development. A detailed analysis will be conducted to identify the factors contributing to this transformation and to provide insights into the dynamics of the evolving civil society.
 
 Conclusion: In conclusion, the analysis reveals a positive social upsurge in Uzbekistan, reflecting a shift from challenges to opportunities in the country's development trajectory. The peaceful and rapid development phase signifies a notable milestone in the nation's journey. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the complexities involved in the development of independent nations and underscore the importance of societal factors in shaping the trajectory of democratic and free civil societies.

Research on the Current Situation, Problems, and Prospects of the Development of Chinese Real Estate Enterprises under the New Situation Take Yuexiu Property as an Example

As the Chinese real estate industry has experienced a rapid development phase, hidden risks and issues have started to emerge in its industry. Factors such as insufficient population demand, the issue of industry bubbles, companies facing insolvency, and the global economic downturn have led to the closure of many private real estate enterprises and a downturn in the overall real estate market. Taking Yuexiu Property as an example, this study analyzes and summarizes its financial performance and strategic operational direction, in order to derive operational strategies applicable for real estate companies to cope with the new situation. The study found that the growth momentum of the real estate market under the new circumstances is insufficient, and companies cannot rely on high leverage to acquire more land reserves. Deep transformation and development into integrated development operators, as well as diversifying the business chain, are the optimal strategies for all companies in the current situation.

Pengaruh Edukasi Booklet Hiv Terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Remaja Di SMA TPI Basilam Kecamatan Wampu Kabupaten Langkat Tahun 2022

HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus, which is a virus that attacks the human immune system. People who are HIV positive or have HIV The World Health Organization (WHO) states that HIV/AIDS is still a global health problem and is recorded as the cause of death for 32 million people in the world. HIV/AIDS is one of the most devastating and very serious multinational problems. Education is a learning process that is carried out both formally and non-formally which aims to educate, provide knowledge and develop the potential that exists in every human being, then realize the learning process better. to a particular stimulus or object. Which already involves the relevant emotional opinion factor (happy-not happy, unhappy, agree-disagree, good-bad, etc.) Adolescents start from the developmental phase of rapid growth and development, accompanied by sexual maturation and social pressure, Quasi Experiment design. With the method of one group pre-post test design. The test used in this study is the Wilcoxon test with the result of sig 0.000 which shows that the results have an effect on the increase in knowledge and attitudes of adolescents at Tpi Basilam High School, Wampu District, District Keywords: HIV, Education, Attitude

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on emotional and behavioral problems and sleep problems in adolescents

Background The asynchrony rapid phase of cognitive, physical and emotional development occurring in adolescence may result in various issues such as risk-taking behavior, psychosocial and emotional problems. School closure during the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a tremendous change in adolescent lifestyle and habits, including sleep patterns. causing added challenges to adolescents’ emotional and behavioral problems.
 Objective To identify the association between sleep disorders with emotional and behavioral problems during the COVID-19 pandemic in urban and rural adolescents.
 Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among adolescents aged 12-18 years from November to December 2021 in two provinces, DKI Jakarta and Riau Islands. We recruited students consecutively from randomly selected junior and senior high schools. We used the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to screen for emotional and behavioral problems and for sleep disorders, respectively. The questionnaires were sent electronically to each subject after obtaining parental consent.
 Results There were 400 subjects included in our study, of which 64% were female. The prevalences of COVID-19 amongst subjects in urban and rural areas were COVID-19 12.5% and 5.5%, respectively. Emotional and behavioral disorders as well as sleep disorders were more common in rural than urban areas (13 vs. 11.5% and 50.5% vs. 38%; P=0.012, respectively). Sleep disorders were associated with the SDQ subscales of emotional symptoms [PR 4.88 (95%CI 2.97 to 8.03); P<0.01), conduct problems [PR 3.71 (95%CI 1.53 to 9.04); P=0.02), hyperactivity/inattention [PR 6.05 (95%CI 2.58 to 16.17); P<0.01], and peer relationship problems [PR 3.28 (95%CI 1.33 to 8.09); P<0.01).
 Conclusion Sleep disorders among adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic were associated with emotional and behavioral problems. Adolescents who live in rural areas were more likely to have sleep disorders, emotional and behavioral problems.

The Effectiveness of Reproductive and Sexual Health Education by Counselling and Small Group Discussion on Knowledge and Attitudes of Adolescents Aged 16-17 Years

Adolescents are in a phase of rapid growth and development physically, psychologically, intellectually, socially, and sexually. This gives rise to great curiosity and a tendency to take risks without consideration. This causes various consequences, including sexual transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies. This research aims to explain the effectiveness of reproductive and sexual health education using counselling and small group discussion methods on adolescents' level of knowledge and attitudes. This research is a quasi-experimental study with two treatment groups and one control group. A total of 154 teenagers from 556 respondents were involved using the proportional random sampling method. Each treatment group was treated with different learning methods, namely the lecture and small group discussion methods, totaling 154 respondents. Data was collected using a before and after questionnaire, then analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann Whitney Test with a significance level of p<0.005. The results of the research show that the effectiveness of the lecture method and small group discussion is: 1) knowledge about the small group discussion method and the lecture method have the same significance value p=0.000 (<0.05), 2) attitudes towards the behavior of the counselling method are significantly different compared to small group discussion p=0.000 (<0.05). In conclusion, small group discussion method is better used to increase knowledge and attitudes towards sexual and reproductive health behavior in adolescents.