Rapid Productivity Growth Research Articles

Isolation and Identification of Four Strains of Bacteria with Potential to Biodegrade Polyethylene and Polypropylene from Mangrove.

With the rapid growth of global plastic production, the degradation of microplastics (MPs) has received widespread attention, and the search for efficient biodegradation pathways has become a hot topic. The aim of this study was to screen mangrove sediment and surface water for bacteria capable of degrading polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) MPs. In this study, two strains of PE-degrading bacteria and two strains of PP-degrading candidate bacteria were obtained from mangrove, named Pseudomonas sp. strain GIA7, Bacillus cereus strain GIA17, Acinetobacter sp. strain GIB8, and Bacillus cereus strain GIB10. The results showed that the degradation rate of the bacteria increased gradually with the increase in degradation time for 60 days. Most of the MP-degrading bacteria had higher degradation rates in the presence of weak acid. The appropriate addition of Mg2+ and K+ was favorable to improve the degradation rate of MPs. Interestingly, high salt concentration inhibited the biodegradation of MPs. Results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the degradation and surface changes of PP and PE MPs caused by candidate bacteria, which may depend on the biodegradation-related enzymes laccase and lipase. Our results indicated that these four bacterial strains may contribute to the biodegradation of MPs in the mangrove environment.

Biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the nereid polychaete Hediste diversicolor: Molecular cloning and functional characterisation of three fatty acyl elongases and two front-end desaturases

Aquaculture of carnivorous fish species heavily relies on marine ingredients to guarantee the provision of essential nutrients, including long-chain (C20–24) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) such as arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). These nutrients are crucial for fish growth and neural development, offering significant health benefits to consumers. The rapid growth of global aquaculture production in recent decades, has driven the exploration of alternative and sustainable feeding sources that ensure n-3 LC-PUFA content. Within the context of circular economy, polychaete worms arise as promising candidates for aquafeed formulations, due to the enzymatic capacity for de novo LC-PUFA biosynthesis. The present study focused on the molecular and functional characterisation of elongases (Elovl) and front-end desaturases (Fed) involved in the LC-PUFA biosynthesis of the nereid polychaete Hediste diversicolor. The sequence and phylogenetic analysis established the orthology of three Elovl, identified as Elovl2/5, Elovl4 and Elovl1/7, that have putative functions in the LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Functional characterisation in yeast demonstrated their roles as PUFA elongases, exhibiting affinity towards C18 and C20 PUFA substrates (Elovl2/5) and towards C18, C20 and C22 (Elovl4 and Elovl1/7). Additionally, H. diversicolor possesses two front-end desaturases (Fed1 and Fed2) with Δ5 and Δ6/Δ8 desaturation activities, respectively, thus encompassing all the necessary desaturation reactions involved in the LC-PUFA biosynthesis pathways. These findings, along with the previously characterised methyl-end desaturases, show that H. diversicolor possesses the full enzymatic repertoire necessary to produce LC-PUFA like ARA and EPA. This highlights the potential of polychaetes and other annelids for producing nutrient-rich biomass suitable for aquaculture.

Energy-saving scheduling strategy for variable-speed flexible job-shop problem considering operation-dependent energy consumption

The rapid growth of industrial production signifies its CO2 footprint and climate impact, highlighting the demand for efficient and energy-saving production scheduling. Generally, a single production job comprises multiple operations on various machines. Existing studies estimate job energy consumption from a broader perspective, often disregarding the detailed scheduling of operations. This simplification may result in inaccurate evaluations of energy consumption and savings, as energy consumption can differ significantly among operations, with each requiring specific levels of energy on various machines. Proposing a new scheduling framework to replace the classical strategy is challenging yet necessary due to these variations. This study aims to investigate the multiobjective flexible job-shop scheduling problem by considering operation-dependent energy consumption and to improve the accuracy and thoroughness of the energy-consumption evaluation framework. First, a core metamodel for energy assessment is established and a mathematical model is introduced to minimize the manufacturing span and total energy consumption. Subsequently, a dynamic diffusion weight adjustment for a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D-DDWA) is proposed. Operation-dependent energy consumption and processing quality are discussed, and a superior unified energy-saving strategy is designed to facilitate the selection of the processing-speed range, balancing energy consumption and saving. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted based on datasets of various scales, demonstrating that the core metamodel for energy assessment can achieve significant energy savings. Compared with other classical multiobjective optimization algorithms, the MOEA/D-DDWA is more energy efficient.

Law Certainty for Farmers and Oil Palm Plantations Established in Forest Areas after The Issuance of The Job Creation Omnibus Law (Case Study: Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan Province)

Palm oil is a leading commodity for Indonesia's foreign exchange and is a plantation crop that has experienced rapid production growth compared to other plantation crops in Indonesia. Many residents in Tanah Laut Regency have been planting oil palm in forest areas after the issuance of the Omnibus Law. However, the Omnibus Law and its derivative regulations only accommodate the community and oil palm plantations that were already established before the law was issued. If any party plants oil palm after the issuance of the Omnibus Law, whether it is a corporation or individuals, they will be strictly prosecuted by law enforcement officials formed by the government, consisting of the Police, the Prosecutor's Office, and the PPNS KLHK. The purpose of this research is to analyze and gather information on the legal aspects through regulations and the aspirations of the community involved in oil palm planting, the potential impact of law enforcement related to oil palm plantations planted after the issuance of the Omnibus Law, and possible alternative policies that the government might adopt. The research methods that will be used are normative (examining regulations) and empirical (surveys and observations). The results of this research will produce policy formulations in the form of special regulations for farmers and oil palm plantations that have already been established and the continuation of the TORA program, considering aspects of forest and environmental sustainability.

The analysis of electricity consumption in Kazakhstan

The energy sector is a fundamental element of the economic structure of any state, determining its sustainability, competitiveness and ability to innovate. In this context, Kazakhstan, which has significant reserves of hydrocarbons, energy sources and renewable properties, finds itself at the crossroads of solving issues of energy policy, innovation and sustainable development. The electricity sector is a priority resource necessary to maintain the economic security of the country. This is relevant due to the rapid growth of industrial production and demography in order to maintain increasing demand and increase electricity generation in the country. The purpose of this scientific work is focused on the economic analysis of electricity generation and consumption, as well as the identification of shortcomings and the proposal of recommendations to ensure the sustainable development of the energy sector in Kazakhstan. Using the scientific method of analysis, the study aims to identify trends that determine the level of electricity consumption in the country, as well as to offer recommendations for the sustainable and effective development of this industry. The article is a valuable contribution to strengthening and modernizing the energy system of the country. The results of the research are: the current state of Kazakhstani energy sector is revealed against the background of anti-Russian sanctions, increased energy prices and global uncertainty; a comparative analysis of electricity production is carried out; an economic assessment of primary and final energy consumption from 2015 to 2023 was carried out; the reasons for changes in electricity generation and consumption from the perspective of industrial and consumer demand growth were substantiated; shortcomings were revealed and proposals were made to improve the development and consumption of electricity in the republic. The results obtained have significant potential to initiate certain transformations in the energy sector of Kazakhstan. The article is a scientific work contributing to the development of theory and practice in the field of energy in Kazakhstan. This research contributes to the further development of energy consumption and improvement of the country's energy infrastructure, ensuring its sustainability and competitiveness in the long term.

Evaluation of the Pacific oyster marine aquaculture suitability in Shandong, China based on GIS and remote sensing

The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is a marine aquaculture species with rapid production growth in recent years. China accounts for nearly 90% of global production by 2021, especially in Shandong province. Evaluating suitability is crucial for ensuring the sustainable growth of Pacific oyster marine aquaculture and achieving a blue transition. This study developed a suitability evaluation model for Pacific oyster marine aquaculture using a Geographic Information System (GIS), Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model, remote sensing, and reanalysis data. A literature review and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were used to establish an evaluation model encompassing water quality, hydrology, climate and meteorology, and socioeconomic factors. The results showed that within a 20 km range of the Shandong coast, 49% of the area was highly suitable, 51% was moderately suitable, and the overall annual high score proportion (HSP) fluctuated around 50%, with higher suitability observed in the spring and autumn. The inner bays of the coastal areas (Laizhou, Rongcheng, Jimo) exhibited high suitability (HSP over 80%); in contrast, the offshore areas (Changdao, Rushan) farther from the coast had lower suitability and showed significant monthly variations. The result was consistent with the spatial distribution and temporal variation of Shandong’s existing Pacific oyster marine aquaculture areas. The study also found that El Niño significantly impacts Rongcheng, Rushan, and Jimo during summer. We predicted an overall increase of suitability in the Shandong offshore areas under future climate change scenarios, with a more significant increase of suitability in the north. El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influenced the concentration of parameters such as chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and total suspended sediment (TSS) in the coastal waters through its impact on precipitation (Pr), resulting in suitability fluctuations.

Prosumer Aggregators in Romania

Abstract The European Union has pledged to transform Europe into the first climate neutral continent by 2050, and the first step towards achieving this goal is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2050, compared to levels recorded in 1990. The two main paths the EU has chosen to follow to ensure its climate neutrality goals are electrification and the increase of the integration of renewable energy technologies. If the 2010 period was characterized by the development and adoption of large-scale production of energy by using renewable sources, the 2020s seem to encompass a decentralization process, meant to bring energy production closer to the final consumer. In Romania, the past three years saw a rapid growth in the overall production of energy through distributed energy sources. Although this development is encouraging for achieving the broader environmental targets of the EU, at a local level there are several disadvantages that are starting to appear, such as issues in the distribution grid and confusion of both consumers and prosumers regarding the economic advantages of producing energy locally. The main goal of the research that has been conducted for a doctoral thesis was to develop a set of recommendations for aggregators regarding prosumers, based on mathematical model and calculations centered around a specific time frame. Research was spread into identifying and analyzing existing renewable technologies, detailing concepts such as decentralization, electrification, demand response and power aggregators, and the study of the main power aggregator business models. For these aspects to be covered, secondary research was used in the form of both academic and industry state-of-the-art papers. The main contributions of the research are the synthesizing of available information on aspects related to decentralized energy systems, and a set of recommendations aimed at aggregators, as a business, and existing and potential future prosumer.

Detection of Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands and Antimicrobial-Resistant Genes in Salmonella enterica Serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium Isolated from Broiler Chickens.

Rapid growth in commercial poultry production is one of the major sources of Salmonella infections that leads to human salmonellosis. The two main Salmonella enterica serovars associated with human salmonellosis are enteritidis and typhimurium. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. enterica serovars Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium as well as their Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPI) and antibiotic resistance profiles in broiler chicken feces from slaughterhouses. A total of 480 fecal samples from broiler chickens that were grouped into 96 pooled samples were identified to have Salmonella spp. using the invA gene, whilst the Spy and sdfI genes were used to screen for the presence of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium serovars, respectively, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. The isolates were also screened for the presence of Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs) using PCR. The disc diffusion assay was performed to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates. A total of 36 isolates were confirmed as Salmonella spp. through amplification of the invA gene. Out of 36 confirmed Salmonella spp. a total of 22 isolates were classified as S. Enteritidis (n = 8) and were S. Typhimurium (n = 14) serovars. All (n = 22) S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium isolates possessed the hilA (SPI-1), ssrB (SPI-2) and pagC (SPI-11) pathogenicity islands genes. Amongst these serovars, 50% of the isolates (n = 11/22) were resistant to tetracycline and nalidixic acid. Only 22% of the isolates, S. Typhimurium (13.6%) and S. Enteritidis (9.1%) demonstrated resistance against three or more antibiotic classes. The most detected antibiotic resistance genes were tet(K), mcr-1, sulI and strA with 13 (59.1%), 9 (40.9%), 9 (40.9%) and 7 (31.8%), respectively. The findings of this study revealed that S. Typhimurium is the most prevalent serotype detected in chicken feces. To reduce the risk to human health posed by salmonellosis, a stringent public health and food safety policy is required.

Is the boom in staple crop production attributed to expanded cropland or improved yield? A comparative analysis between China and India

The characteristics of cropland development and the dynamics of food production in China and India, the world's largest agricultural and most populous countries, are of great importance to global food security. However, there is a notable lack of a thorough comparison between China and India in this regard. Here, we systematically compare the differences between China and India using cropping intensity and crop production data, including cropland area, harvested area, total staple crop (i.e., cereal crops, tuber crops and pulse crops) production and yield capacity. The results are mainly as follows: (1) Both China and India experienced an increasing trend in cropland area and harvested area from 2001 to 2021, especially notable in India. In China, the cropland area and harvested area increased by 11.76 % and 14.36 %, respectively, while in India, they witnessed a more substantial increase of 31.10 % and 49.32 %, respectively. (2) The cropping intensity underwent significant transformations, primarily shifting between non-cropland, single-cropping, and double-cropping. Northwestern China exhibited a clear trend of non-cropland converting to single-cropping, whereas northeastern China showed a distinct pattern of single-cropping changing to non-cropland. The interconversion between single-cropping and double-cropping was also frequently observed in the main food-producing regions. In India, the cropland expansion and the adoption of double-cropping are highly pronounced, extending widely across most of the country. (3) From 2001 to 2021, the total staple crop production in China and India increased by 34.12 % and 55.81 %, respectively. Despite the rapid growth in India's total staple crop production, it still amounts to only about half of China's. The major crops production also showed different trends, China's cereal crops production increased significantly, while tuber and pulse crops production declined, and India's production of cereal, tuber, and pulse crops has all increased (4) China's yield capacity has increased by 17.28 %, while India's has only grown by 4.35 %. Despite the rapid increase in India's total staple crop production, the yield gap with China has widened. The boost in China's total staple crop production mainly resulted from improved yield capacity, whereas India relied more on the cropland area expansion, especially the increase in harvested area. Our comprehensive comparison of China and India in cropland development and staple crop production contributes to a deep understanding of the differences in agricultural production between the two countries, and provides lessons for global food security and sustainable agricultural development.

Wine’s Belated Globalization, 1845 to 2022

This summarizes and updates an article originally published as Anderson and Pinilla (2022).Until the 1970s, wine was produced and consumed almost exclusively in the Mediterranean region and the nearby Levant. Today it is enjoyed in a much broader range of countries. Yet notwithstanding the dramatic recent globalization of this product, the total volume consumed is very similar today to what it was in the 1960s. The apparent inconsistency between these two facts is explained by a huge decline in wine consumption in the most wine-focused countries, the rapid growth in wine production in and exports from New World countries, the gradual move by consumers from other alcoholic beverages to wine in previously beer- or spirits-consuming cultures, and most recently a dramatic rise of East Asia as a wine-importing region.

Recovery of valuable metals from cathode materials of spent ternary lithium‐ion battery using natural product as reducing reagent

AbstractIn recent years, ternary lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been vigorously promoted in the field of new energy vehicles for their excellent overall performance, and the rapid growth of battery production and sales has brought about a proliferation of spent LIBs. The recycling of cathode materials of spent ternary LIBs, which are rich in many valuable metal elements, will bring multiple environmental and economic benefits. In this paper, a systematic study of the key influencing factors in the wet leaching and recycling process was carried out. A natural product tea polyphenol was innovatively used as the reducing reagent, and a sulphuric acid–tea polyphenol leaching system was constructed for the reductive acid leaching of cathode materials of spent ternary LIBs. Under the optimum leaching conditions, the leaching efficiencies of lithium, nickel, cobalt, and manganese were 99.54%, 98.88%, 99.37%, and 98.45%, respectively. After leaching, a stepwise precipitation method was used to separate and recover the valuable metal ions from the leachate. In summary, an innovatively complete recycling process route for cathode materials of spent ternary LIBs was constructed, which provides a solid theoretical basis and technical support for the efficient and clean recycling of spent LIBs.

Effects of frass from larvae of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) and yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) on growth and insect resistance in field mustard (Brassica rapa): differences between insect species and frass treatments

AbstractFrass, a byproduct of insect rearing, has become popular for its potential use in sustainable agriculture. The rapid growth of insect production results in an increased frass output. This study examined the effects of frass as soil amendment on plant growth and resistance to insect herbivory. In greenhouse experiments, Brassica rapa L. (Brassicaceae), was grown in unamended soil (NoFrass; control) or soil amended with frass (2 g kg−1) from larvae of black soldier fly (BSFF), Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), or yellow mealworm (MWF), Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Frass was applied as raw, incubated, or composted frass before seed germination. Plant growth and performance were measured of larvae of root‐feeding Delia radicum L. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) and shoot‐feeding Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Initially, raw BSFF and MWF reduced the growth of B. rapa and resulted in a smaller leaf area than NoFrass. However, over time, a notable trend emerged. Whereas the difference in leaf area between MWF and NoFrass disappeared, BSFF consistently resulted in a smaller leaf area than MWF and NoFrass. Raw BSFF reduced D. radicum larval survival and pupal biomass and larval survival of P. xylostella. In contrast, raw MWF increased larval survival and biomass of D. radicum and the survival of P. xylostella larvae. Interestingly, incubation of frass in the soil for 16 days before seed germination removed plant growth inhibition and increased plant leaf area, especially for MWF compared to NoFrass. In addition, composting MWF increased leaf growth. Therefore, frass may be used as a sustainable and natural alternative to conventional organic fertilisers, promoting plant growth and enhancing resistance to herbivory. Our results indicate that soil amendment with raw BSFF may negatively impact herbivore performance, whereas raw MWF may enhance herbivore performance.

The Role of Macro‐Economic Policy in Explaining China's Current Account Surplus

AbstractI assess how much of China's current account surplus can be explained by government policy of capital controls and foreign reserve accumulation during a period of rapid productivity growth. My model can generate an increase in China's current account surplus and foreign reserve holdings. I find that half of the peak in China's current account surplus can be explained by its capital control policies and half by its foreign reserve accumulation policies. Under an open capital account and floating exchange rate, China would have run a current account deficit of 6.5% of GDP.

Recent Advances in Reservoir Stimulation and Enhanced Oil Recovery Technology in Unconventional Reservoirs

In the past decade, significant advances in reservoir stimulation and enhanced oil recovery technologies have resulted in rapid production growth in unconventional reservoirs [...]

A bibliometric review of positive psychology and well-being research in Africa.

Positive Psychology rapidly developed into an influential field of study and intervention, initially situated in Psychology, and later becoming multidisciplinary. Research interest in the study of (psychological) well-being has gained global popularity, with increasing salience in Africa. Although the global trends of these developments are relatively well-known, a bibliometric analysis of positive psychology research in Africa was necessary to shed light on the present hotspots and trends and future trajectories in this region of the world. The data source of the present bibliometric analysis study was Scopus, from which Positive Psychology and well-being research literature from Africa between 1983 and 2023 were searched. Using biblioshiny and VOSviewer, the 622 extracted articles were analysed, from which findings about the current condition, research hotspots, and thematic developmental patterns could be made. Africa experienced an initial slow growth period from 1983 until 2005, after which a rapid growth in research productivity, relevance and impact was experienced. In this regard, the results show that the focal point of scientific productivity is South Africa, with the dominance of South African institutions, particularly the North-West University, from where most positive psychology research is produced and cited. Even with potential access to international journal, African researchers seem to prefer to place their publications in the regional journals such as Journal of Psychology in Africa and South African Journal of Psychology. The research reviewed tends to be characterised by more dominant thematic clusters of positive psychology, psychological well-being, and subjective well-being, with a focus on human individuals. An increasing concern for contextual factors and potential antecedents and dynamics of well-being is also observed. The findings provide a good map from which identification of future research priorities can be deduced. As such, we speculate that future positive psychology research in Africa ought to be concerned with the following: greater distribution and intercountry collaborations across the continent, questions of conceptual clarity of terms, better understanding of contextual factors which influence well-being, and well-being research embracing the complexity of bio-psycho-social-ecological well-being, and science concerned with health-promotion interventions.

Development Transformation: Strategy for Economic and Social Progress in Indonesia

Development transformation is often formulated through economic policies in many ways prove success. This can be illustrated, among others, in Singapore, Hong Kong, Australia and other developed countries. Economic policies in these countries are generally formulated conceptually, involving consideration of social and environmental aspects and supported by responsible political mechanisms so that every economic policy can be explained in a transparent, fair manner and accordance with planning principles. In the social aspect, not only are people's aspirations taken into consideration, but also the existence of social institutions (social capital) is also maintained and even their function is improved. Meanwhile, in terms of the environmental aspect, the aspect of the function of preserving natural capital is also given great attention for the benefit of humanity. Of all that, the most important thing is that decision-making is also carried out very cleanly from various lobbying behaviors that have nuances of deficiencies (moral hazard) that are fulfilled by certain interests (vested interests) from mere profits (rent-seeking). In this way, the results of development can be enjoyed by the entire community fairly across (transcending) boundaries of space (inter-region) and time (inter-generation), national development can also be interpreted as deliberate economic, social, and cultural transformation through policies and strategies toward the desired direction. Transformation in economic structure, for example, can be seen through an increase or rapid growth in production in the industrial and service sectors, so that their contribution to national income becomes greater. On the other hand, the contribution of the agricultural sector will become smaller and inversely proportional to the growth of industrialization and economic modernization. Social transformation can be seen through equal access to socio-economic resources, such as education, health, housing, clean water, recreational facilities, and participation in the political decision-making process.

Pattern and drivers of profitability in India’s unorganised manufacturing sector

Using data from National Sample Survey Organisation surveys, the paper analyses the profit rate and its drivers in India’s unorganised manufacturing sector for the period 2000–01 to 2015–16. The entire period has been subdivided into three smaller periods to examine the short-run fluctuations in profitability. The study has been carried out at disaggregate level, namely, state and industry levels as well. The output-capital ratio has behaved cyclically over the years, whereas a steady rise in the profit share has been the driver of cyclically rising profit rate over the period. A rapid growth in labour productivity with a non-commensurate rise in wage rate has been the reason behind the rise in profit share. The ranking of states and industries on profit rate has been found to be relatively unchanged.

Migration from inorganic to organic fertilization for a more sustainable oil palm agro-industry

The rapid growth in oil palm production has raised environmental concerns due to the massive discharge of liquid and solid waste. To address this issue, waste generated need to be optimized by composting and converting the waste into organic fertilizer. The practice of pure inorganic fertilization must also be discontinued due to the rising cost of imported fertilizers and their detrimental effect on the soil. Furthermore, several studies have established that recycling self-produced organic waste as fertilizer is an excellent method to achieve sustainability. Therefore, this study investigates a significant response to organic fertilization treatment. The bioorganic empty fruit bunch (EFB) compost was tested on Podzols soil (Typic Placorthods) in the nursery and in the young mature stage of the palm that was treated from the beginning of planting. The results showed that organic fertilization using low and high concentrations of fresh and composted EFB had a more significant effect on seedling growth. A high dose of composted EFB positively affected the N and K content of the leaf. Composted EFB had added value, especially in improving soil chemical properties and assimilation of N nutrients by oil palm seedlings, especially Podzols (Typic Placorthods). Pure inorganic fertilization on Podzols (Typic Placorthods) could not have been more practical due to inadequate nutrient uptake. Composted EFB had a positive effect superior that of the fresh EFB on the chemical composition of the soil, such as improving the saturation rate of the cation exchange capacity and the exchangeable K and Mg. Fresh EFB was good, but composted EFB was better for maintaining yield and less attractivity to Oryctes, which is essential in replanting.

Towards the integration of distributed renewables: Operation analysis of pumped storage system under off-design condition based on CFD

Pumped storage plants are increasingly developing to cope with the rapid growth of renewable energy production. Micro-pumped storage (MPS) system is a new storage strategy for distributed energy integration. Centrifugal pump or axial pump replaces conventional pump turbines in this pumped storage system to ensure economic convenience and system flexibility. However, when MPS works in the generating operation mode, the limited high-efficiency range will result in complex hydrodynamic behavior and stability issues under off-design conditions due to renewable integration. At present, the instability mechanism of MPS under off-design conditions is not clear enough, and there is a lack of excellent research methods to analyze this problem. Therefore, this paper firstly introduces the entropy production theory considering the wall effect for visualizing the energy loss. Then the relationship between hydraulic performance and unsteady flow characteristics is established based on the loss characteristics. The results show that the entropy production theory with customized wall functions has higher accuracy and advantages in energy loss analysis compared to the default wall functions. Under partial loading conditions, the spatial-temporal instability of the flow separation point causes a rotating stall within the impeller, which in turn leads to destabilization and a significant reduction in hydraulic performance. Under overload conditions, despite slight changes in hydraulic performance, the most significant pressure fluctuation is six times stronger than the best efficiency point.

Exploring the interplay of new energy vehicle enterprises, consumers, and government in the context of the "dual carbon" target: An evolutionary game and simulation analysis.

To achieve low-carbon and green mobility, the government needs to encourage people to buy and use new energy vehicles. This study proposes a tripartite evolutionary game model among new energy vehicle manufacturers, consumers, and government agencies. The game strategy combinations of each party and the stability conditions of the equilibrium point in the evolutionary game system are analyzed, and the validity of the conclusions is verified by simulation results. Compared with traditional studies that suggest the government should adopt the direct subsidy policy, this study shows that in the early stage of new energy vehicle development, government subsidies are still important for the rapid growth of new energy vehicle production and sales, but indirect policies can play a key role as the new energy vehicle industry matures. In addition to the price, the attractiveness of vehicle brands, the perceived utility of the products among consumers, and the coverage of charging infrastructure in cities also determine whether consumers decide to purchase and use new energy vehicles. The findings could provide useful recommendations for governments and manufacturers of new energy vehicles to meet their "dual carbon" targets.