Rapid Development Process Research Articles

Financial security of Arab countries: analysis of some aspects

Issues of ensuring the financial security of the country have always played an important role not only in times of crises but also in conditions of relatively stable functioning of the economy and financial system. Financial security, along with food and energy security, is part of national economic security and plays a leading role at the macro and micro economic levels. It is especially necessary to note the rapid development of digitalization processes which directly affect the stability of the financial system and its security. The financial systems of Arab countries, being included in the global financial system, are directly or indirectly exposed to almost all possible risks that arise and evolve in the global financial markets and in the global economy. Ensuring financial security in the countries of the Middle East and North Africa region is one of the top priorities for the leadership of these countries. These tasks boil down to, among other things, reducing sovereign risk ensuring unity in regulatory approaches to ensuring cross–border transactions, transparency in trade finance transactions taking into account the imposition of sanctions against some countries, and ensuring cybersecurity in the context of digitalization of financial processes remains an important aspect. This article examined and analyzed some of the aspects of the financial security of Arab countries including taking into account the inclusion of innovative processes in world practice, and there are also presented the problems of the countries of the Middle East and North Africa region which contribute to an increase in the likelihood of imbalance in processes to ensure the financial security of the region generally.

In-Line Chemical Composition Monitoring for the Injection Molding Process of Biodegradable Polymer Blends Using Simultaneous Measurement of Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance and Transmission Spectra.

In the processing of polymer blends and composites, in-line near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy enables monitoring of the composition and its composite uniformity and contributes to rapid process development and quality control. However, in the injection molding process, the study of the composition of polymer materials has been delayed due to high-pressure conditions. Our research group developed NIR probes for transmission and diffuse reflectance measurements that can withstand high-pressure and temperature conditions up to 130 MPa and 200 °C. In this research, transmission and diffuse reflectance spectra were measured inline during the injection molding process of polymer blends of poly(lactic acid) and polybutylene succinate adipate. The intensity of each polymer band in the second-derivative spectra exhibited a monotonic increase or decrease in response to changes in the blend ratio. Using transmission and diffuse reflectance spectra as explanatory variables of the partial least squares regression model simultaneously, the model showed high estimation accuracy for the entire region of the blend ratio. Finally, this model was applied to monitor the polymer changeover operation, and the change in the blend ratio in the molded product was successfully estimated in line.

Didactic requirements for fostering the growth of future translators� technology proficiency within the framework of their localization-focused training

Relevance. The transition of society�s spheres of activity to new technological systems implies the need to introduce changes in educational standards, as well as to change approaches to the professional education of future industry specialists, including in the training of professional translators. Purpose. The study aims to identify the pedagogical conditions necessary for the development of future translators� technological competence, especially in the context of their localisation-based training. Methodology. The study applied systemic-structural and interdisciplinary approaches, as well as dialectical, historical, and legal comparative, logical and semantic and other methods. Results. The study found that in the context of the current realities, not only the classical professional knowledge of future translators needs to change, but also the adaptation of pedagogical programmes to the rapid development of technological processes. The active expansion of contacts between different countries of the world and the increasing importance of developing information communication between representatives of different countries make the latest technologies particularly valuable in areas designed to address global and international issues. One of these areas of professional activity is translation, which includes not only translation technologies but also translation education in the context of training professional translators. Conclusions. The complexity of the translation process due to its technology requires the development of the technological competence of professional translators. The practical significance of this study lies in the possibility of implementing the results achieved in the process of improving the content of existing or opening new educational programmes for future professional translators to adapt them to the requirements of the modern environment. Keywords: professional education; localisation; information technology; automated systems; strategy; post-editing

What Does It Take to Develop Structurally Complex Molecules by Total Synthesis? Rapid Process Development and GMP Manufacturing of E7130 Drug Substance for First-in-Human Clinical Study

What Does It Take to Develop Structurally Complex Molecules by Total Synthesis? Rapid Process Development and GMP Manufacturing of E7130 Drug Substance for First-in-Human Clinical Study

Transformer enhanced by local perception self-attention for dynamic soft sensor modeling of industrial processes

The use of dynamic soft sensor modeling methods to mine the time-varying and dynamic characteristics of industrial process data is of great significance for improving production efficiency and quality, given the rapid development of industrial processes and the increasing prominence of dynamic changes in the production process. However, existing dynamic soft sensor methods have limited long-term memory capacity, making it difficult to capture the long dynamic dependence, which can severely affect the results of the soft sensor model. To address this issue, we propose a dynamic soft sensor model based on local perception transformer, where the transformer is applied to achieve global perception of the variables. Through the application of the self-attention mechanism in the transformer encoder, the dynamic tracking and prediction of parameters can be realized by assigning different weights to the process variables and quality variables at different time steps, thereby adapting to the time-varying nature of the process. Additionally, convolution is used to generate a Query and Key in the self-attention mechanism, thereby enhancing local information learning. The proposed dot product self-attention calculation method effectively utilizes local information, thereby reducing the potential impact of abnormal data at a certain moment. Furthermore, by utilizing LSTM to extract time series information, the final prediction result was obtained. In soft sensor modeling experiments of the sulfur recovery unit and debutanizer tower, our proposed model demonstrated higher prediction accuracy compared to other methods, such as SVR, MLP, LSTM, CNN + LSTM, and vanilla transformer.

Biomodeling of mixed origin fatty liver disease

BACKGROUND: The main examples of liver pathology of metabolic and toxic origin are non-alcoholic, alcoholic fatty liver disease and fatty degeneration of mixed origin. Currently, due to the lack of a clear understanding of the causes and pathogenesis of hepatopathy of non-infectious origin, there are no effective methods for the prevention and treatment of these conditions. A key role in studying the etiology and mechanisms of pathogenesis is played by the search for adequate experimental models of liver failure.
 AIM: To develop, test and evaluate an experimental model of mixed fatty liver disease.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 30 male albino gray Wistar rats. Experimental rats, weighing 180–200 grams at the time of inclusion in the experiment, received granulated rodent food weighing 20 grams daily for 30 days, to which 6 g of crystalline fructose was introduced (at the rate of 30% of the total diet), and instead of drinking 10% ethyl alcohol solution was given freely available in the drinking bowl.
 RESULTS: In experimental group, there was a statistically significant increase in the level of aspartate aminotransferase, alanylaminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, which confirms the development of cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes. Autopsy liver specimens showed a histological picture of fatty degeneration of hepatocytes.
 CONCLUSIONS: To achieve this goal, a method was developed for modeling fatty liver of mixed origin. A high-carbohydrate and ethanol-rich diet led to the rapid development of pathological processes in the liver. The study demonstrated the feasibility of a detailed morphological study of the liver, taking into account medical history, laboratory indicators of cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes for the differential diagnosis of fatty liver of various etiologies.

A novel vaccine strategy using quick and easy conversion of bacterial pathogens to unnatural amino acid-auxotrophic suicide derivatives.

Live vaccines are the oldest vaccines with a history of more than 200 years. Due to their strong immunogenicity, live vaccines are still an important category of vaccines today. However, the development of live vaccines has been challenging due to the difficulties in achieving a balance between safety and immunogenicity. In recent decades, the frequent emergence of various new and old pathogens at risk of causing pandemics has highlighted the need for rapid vaccine development processes. We have pioneered the use of uAAs to control gene expression and to conditionally kill host bacteria as a biological containment system. This report proposes a quick and easy conversion of bacterial pathogens into live vaccine candidates using this containment system. The balance between safety and immunogenicity can be modulated by the selection of the genetic devices used. Moreover, the uAA-auxotrophy can prevent the vaccine from infecting other individuals or establishing the environment.

Bringing the ATLAS HammerCloud setup to the next level with containerization

HammerCloud (HC) is a testing service and framework for continuous functional tests, on-demand large-scale stress tests, and performance benchmarks. It checks the computing resources and various components of distributed systems with realistic full-chain experiment workflows. The HammerCloud software was initially developed in Python 2. After support for Python 2 was discontinued in 2020, migration to Python 3 became vital in order to fulfill the latest security standards and to use the new CERN Single Sign-On, which requires Python 3. The current deployment setup based on RPMs allowed a stable deployment and secure maintenance over several years of operations for the ATLAS and CMS experiments. However, the current model is not flexible enough to support an agile and rapid development process. Therefore, we have decided to use a containerization solution, and switched to industry-standard technologies and processes. Having an “easy to spawn” instance of HC enables a more agile development cycle and easier deployment. With the help of such a containerized setup, CI/CD pipelines can be integrated into the automation process as an extra layer of verification. A quick onboarding process for new team members and communities is essential, as there is a lot of personnel rotation and a general lack of personpower. This is achieved with the container-based setup, as developers can now work locally with a quick turnaround without needing to set up a production-like environment first. These developments empower the whole community to test and prototype new ideas and deliver new types of resources or workflows to our community.

Глобальні економічні тренди авіаційних пасажирських перевезень

The relevance of the chosen issue is due to the fact that the rapid development of large-scale processes of transport globalization has led, on the one hand, to another restructuring of the aviation sector of national economies, but on the other hand, to the emergence of significant global risks (COVID-19, terrorism, territorial seizures, increased competition among major aviation companies, unprecedented consequences of air pollution, etc.). These and some other preconditions (including the rise in fuel prices) have contributed to the bankruptcy of individual airlines, both among large companies and those with only 3-4 aircraft at their disposal. In today's conditions, the positioning of the world's leading airlines within the three dominant aviation alliances, Sky Team, Star Alliance, and One World, has become increasingly important. The author has demonstrated that they have divided the global aviation space into three unequal parts and have taken dominant positions in world. The article substantiates the phenomenon of the rapid development of aviation transport leaders, particularly passenger airlines: American Airlines (USA), Delta Airlines (USA), Ryanair Group (Ireland), United Airlines (USA), Southwest Airlines (USA), Lufthansa Group (Germany). The article examines the systemic nature and features of the development of budget airlines (low-cost carriers), as well as leading Chinese and Arab airlines. The leading role and development prospects of aviation infrastructure (including global airports) in improving the quality, safety, reliability, and efficiency of passenger air transport are substantiated. The central role of airlines in organizing the tourism business and forming on this basis new forms of economic activity is determined. A graphic model of the development of air passenger transport for the period 2020–2040 has been developed. The important role of global and national institutions in regulating air transport (harmonization of the regulatory framework, networking of aviation space, global hybridization of transportation, etc.) is emphasized.

Temperature control of porous media burner based on advanced reduced instruction machine: PID algorithm and embedded processor

Against the backdrop of the rapid development of metal smelting processes, the requirements for reaction temperature control are gradually increasing, and the temperature control system for porous media burners based on advanced simplified instruction embedded processors has been developed. In this burner, the fuel is heated using a porous medium for conduction, which generates various complex data during operation and can overload conventional algorithms. To reduce the difficulty of algorithm operation, this study introduced an adaptive database into the proportional integral differential algorithm to classify data and establish a load balancer in the advanced reduced instruction algorithm, which is convenient for embedded processing of large amounts of data. To avoid the algorithm falling into local optima, this study merged the digital output module with it during temperature control to generate a fusion system. Finally, this study conducted experiments on the Porbu dataset and compared it with three systems such as generalized predictive control to verify the superiority of the fusion system. The temperature control accuracy of the four systems was 99.7%, 97.2%, 96.1%, and 93.5%, respectively, indicating that the efficiency of the fusion system performs the best among the four systems. The energy consumption of this system was 0.038 kWh, which performs best among the four systems. The experimental results indicate that the fusion system proposed in this study has the strongest performance and is suit-able for precise temperature control of porous media burners.

Relationship between urban green space and mental health in older adults: mediating role of relative deprivation, physical activity, and social trust.

The importance of improving older adults' mental health is increasing worldwide with the rapid development of the aging process. Green space is an important part of the urban built environment, demonstrates a deep connection with the mental health of older adults, and its internal mechanisms have been widely studied. This study analyzed the influence of urban green spaces on the mental health of older adults via three factors: relative deprivation, physical activity, and social trust. Based on the 2018 China Labor Dynamics Survey, a multi-level structural equation model was used to explore the mediating roles of relative deprivation, physical activity, social trust in urban green spaces, and the mental health of older adults. Urban green space was positively correlated with the mental health of older adults. Relative deprivation and physical activities played a mediating role between urban green space and the mental health of older adults. An increase in urban green spaces can help increase the number of older adults obtaining green space resources, and help them maintain good mental health. Secondly, older adults with a relatively homogeneous environment have more equal opportunities to obtain urban green space resources, which helps to reduce the comparison of older adults in access to green space resources and reduce the adverse impact of relative deprivation on their mental health. Additionally, increasing urban green spaces can encourage older adults to engage in physical activities and improve their mental health. Finally, we suggest improving the accessibility, fairness, and quality of green spaces, paying attention to the psychological needs of older adults, encouraging older adults to engage in physical activities in green spaces, and taking various measures to enhance the positive role of green space on the mental health of older adults.

Adoption of environmental management accounting in Vietnamese enterprises: An empirical analysis of influencing determinants.

Along with the process of rapid economic development and integration, Vietnam is facing serious environmental problems, largely caused by manufacturing enterprises. Environmental management accounting (EMA) is a strong management tool to improve an organization's financial and environmental performance, hence supporting businesses for sustainability. This study focused on examining the factors that influence the firms' intention to adopt EMA in Vietnam. The study used the theory of planned behavior and the technology acceptance model to develop an empirical model and hypotheses. Research data was collected through a survey of 330 businesses in 4 provinces in the North region. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics, Anova test, Cronbach' s Alpha analysis, Exploratory factor analysis, and regression. The results showed that there are 6 significant factors driving EMA applying intention including environmental attitude, perceived benefits of EMA, subjective norms, coercion and social pressure, perceived control and barrier, and policy mix condition, in which coercion and social pressure was the strongest influencing factor. From there, the study makes some implication for government and business sectors aimed at encouraging the implementation of EMA in Vietnam.

Challenges to Adopting a Complete Law in a Legal State

Nowadays, the law-making process in the legal state faces new challenges that are closely related to the rapid development of democratic processes in the states. Accordingly, as a key instrument to form legal states, maintain peace and unity among people and develop statehood, requires to be refined.

Study on Prestressed Steel Dome Structure

With the rapid development of new materials, new processes, and new structures in recent years, the application of prestressed steel structures has been increasingly used, especially for long-span spatial structures. Among the commonly used prestressed steel structural systems, the suspend-dome structures and cable-dome structures can effectively resist loads through prestress distribution. This article explains and demonstrates the features and development of the suspend-dome structure and the cable-dome structure based on the background and characteristics of the prestressed steel structure. Some engineering projects based on these two systems are introduced. Due to their great properties and stress distributions, suspend-dome structures and cable-dome structures can adjust their shapes to meet different architectural requirements, especially shown in many public venues like sports centers. It is expected that prestressed steel structure has bright prospects in the future and the development of prestressing disciplines can be increasingly more significant. This article may offer a reference for the development of prestressed steel structures.

Personal data: doctrinal interpretation of the category in the sciences of administrative and information law

In the article, on the basis of a review of scientific and regulatory sources, an attempt is made to carry out a generalized analysis of doctrinal approaches to the definition of the content of the «personal data» category, to reveal tendencies and emphasis in solving the corresponding scientific task. It is noted that with the rapid development of methods, processes and methods of using computing equipment and communication systems for the creation, collection, transmission, search, processing and distribution of information, the integration of artificial intelligence in all spheres of social life, including technological processes of collection , processing and protection of personal data, the need to review the theoretical foundations of the legal institution of personal data, updating doctrinal approaches to understanding and interpreting the categorical series in this area is becoming more urgent. It is emphasized separately that the features of the legal regime of martial law definitely leave their mark on the personal data protection mechanisms.
 As a result of a generalized review of doctrinal approaches to defining the content of the «personal data» category, the author recognized the presence of a clear tendency in recognizing the need to detail the legal definition of personal data, as well as making changes to special legislation in this area. As a rule, researchers consider personal data as a special type of information, an object of administrative and/or informational legal relations, an object of protection, etc. In scientific research in the area of the raised issue, emphasis is placed on the importance of developing classification models of personal data with a number of various criteria in order to determine as deeply and systematically as possible all the components of the specified category. In some studies, the thesis about the correctness of the correlation of personal data with other related concepts and categories is emphasized, which has a significant impact not only on the results of scientific research, but also on law enforcement practice in this area.

FEATURES OF THE STATE NATIONAL POLICY AND INTERETHNIC INTERACTION IN THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF BASHKORTOSTAN, TATARSTAN AND CHUVASHIA). PART 2

Studying various aspects of the national policy of the Russian Federation in modern conditions attracts the attention of many researchers. This is due, firstly, to the rapid development of ethnic processes in the countries of Western Europe, and secondly, to the uniqueness of our country as a multinational and multi-confessional state.
 
 The purpose of the research is to study the peculiarities of the state national policy in modern conditions on the example of three multinational republics of the Russian Federation.
 
 Materials and methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the article was made by the fundamental principles for organizing research: scientific objectivity, historicism, consistency, comprehensiveness and complexity, recognizing legitimacy of pluralism in the research process, focusing on studying the events and phenomena of the past in all their complexity, inconsistency, mutual conditionality, in accordance with the specifics of the historical era, in connection with modernity. Besides methodological approaches, studying the topic of the article assumes mandatory knowledge of the literature and sources that make up the basic part of the research process.
 
 Results. The article characterizes current state of interethnic relations in Russia on the example of three national republics: Bashkortostan, Tatarstan and Chuvashia, which are polyethnic and multi-confessional subjects of the Russian Federation. Choosing these regions of the Ural-Volga region is conditioned by the fact that the titular ethnic groups here are cognate Turkic peoples: the Bashkirs, the Tatars and the Chuvash. When implementing the policy in the field of interethnic interaction in the country, the state authorities rely on such fundamental documents as the “Concept of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation” (1996), the Law of the Russian Federation “On National and Cultural Autonomy” (1996), the “Strategy of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025” (2012) and others.
 
 The article discusses the activities of regional authorities on forming mutual understanding and consent between ethnic groups living within individual republics. Each subject adopted special programs to implement the Strategy of the state national policy of the Russian Federation, taking into account its socio-economic and ethno-cultural development. Some attention is also paid to the activities carried out by national cultural autonomies in the national republics under consideration.
 
 Conclusions. In order to solve the research tasks set in the article, the authors analyzed the data of sociological surveys conducted to study ethno-cultural processes in the subjects of the Russian Federation, and examined the assessment of various aspects in interethnic relations by the population pf three republics; a separate emphasis is placed on the views and assessment of young people regarding the relationship between representatives of different peoples, about the level of well-being in the confessional and interethnic spheres. The analysis of the state national policy of Russia at the present stage testifies to the great attention on the part of the governing bodies of the Russian Federation to interethnic problems in the multinational state: timely adoption of conceptual and regulatory legal acts; formation and control of authorities and public institutions responsible for issues of interethnic interaction, as well as organization of their activities; involvement of politicians and researchers in the study of state policy in order to improve it. However, despite concrete steps in the field of interethnic interaction both in the center and on the ground, often of a preventive nature, it is not always possible to overcome inconsistency of the national issue in full, especially for multi-ethnic subjects of the Russian Federation. To one degree or another, there are manifestations of conflict situations in them, they are primarily associated with such a factor of modernity as the desire of peoples to preserve and fully develop national languages and culture. Migration flows and population changes are beginning to play an important role in the regions, which is proved by the population censuses of recent years, but the main thing is the state of interethnic coexistence in the country, for example, on the materials of the Republics of Bashkortostan, Tatarstan and Chuvashia.

Ambivalence of the Image of Fire in the Belarusian National Culture

The relevance of this study is due to the current state of the information space associated with the rapid development of globalization processes. Under these conditions, traditional Belarusian culture may finally lose its identity, which will subsequently inevitably lead to the dissolution or complete loss of its unique mental traits. The article is devoted to the analysis of the mythological ideas of Belarusians, the peculiarities of their life, traditional holidays and rituals using fire as an important sacred element of the Belarusian national culture. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that fire is perceived by Belarusians as an element of ambivalent nature. Moreover, in their minds, fire is often presented as a phenomenon that has a positive effect on their way of life. Also in Belarusian traditions and rituals there is an inextricable connection between the cult of fire and the cult of ancestors. The author argues that at the present stage, the symbolism of fire plays an important role in the formation of a positive attitude towards the cultural heritage of Belarus. The “participation” of fire in the preservation and development of Belarusian national traditions has a positive impact on the formation of value orientations of society, including the younger generation.

Comprehensive modeling of cell culture profile using Raman spectroscopy and machine learning

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are widely utilized in the production of antibody drugs. To ensure the production of large quantities of antibodies that meet the required specifications, it is crucial to monitor and control the levels of metabolites comprehensively during CHO cell culture. In recent years, continuous analysis methods employing on-line/in-line techniques using Raman spectroscopy have attracted attention. While these analytical methods can nondestructively monitor culture data, constructing a highly accurate measurement model for numerous components is time-consuming, making it challenging to implement in the rapid research and development of pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. In this study, we developed a comprehensive, simple, and automated method for constructing a Raman model of various components measured by LC–MS and other techniques using machine learning with Python. Preprocessing and spectral-range optimization of data for model construction (partial least square (PLS) regression) were automated and accelerated using Bayes optimization. Subsequently, models were constructed for each component using various model construction techniques, including linear regression, ridge regression, XGBoost, and neural network. This enabled the model accuracy to be improved compared with PLS regression. This automated approach allows continuous monitoring of various parameters for over 100 components, facilitating process optimization and process monitoring of CHO cells.

Practical identification of cobalt‐based blue pigments detecting the induced photoluminescence by a He‐Ne laser using a Raman spectrometer

AbstractSince the early 19th century, the pigment historically known as cobalt blue has been one of the most widely used in artistic painting. Its many and excellent properties led to the rapid development of different synthesis processes for the pigments known today under the generic name of cobalt‐based pigments. The differentiation and characterization of these pigments is often difficult, because many of them are made of the same raw materials, mainly cobalt oxides (or salts) and alumina (aluminum oxide), even when Raman spectroscopy is used. In this research, six cobalt‐based trademark pigments and two chemically pure compounds, cobalt aluminate and calcined alumina, have been analyzed using a Raman spectrometer with a red He‐Ne laser (632 nm) as the excitation source. It should be noted that only the Raman band around 517 cm−1 associated with the cobalt aluminate has been detected by the authors in cobalt based pigments with this configuration. In order to obtain additional information, a fundamental aim of this work has been to detect the photoluminescence (PL) emitted by the leftover of calcined alumina (α‐alumina) in these compounds, particularly in the form of a strong doublet located at 1367 and 1396 cm−1. From an experimental point of view, it is remarkable that both Raman and PL information can be acquired within the same spectral range of the spectrometer. Additionally, the relationship between the intensities of the Raman band around 517 cm−1 and those of the doublet can be used as an indicator to estimate the quality of each pigment.

Gas-solid two-phase flow triboelectric generator for powder triboelectrification energy collection and road early warning

With the rapid development of modern industrial processes, electrostatic safety issues caused by powder in production and daily life have attracted people's attention. Since powder is small in size and easily agglomerates, it is difficult to observe or design devices to monitor the electrostatic process generated by powder. Herein, a continuous gas-solid two-phase flow triboelectric nanogenerator (GS-TENG) was developed to harvest triboelectricity from the collision process between the powder-air flow and the solid surface. Compared with the signals under non-continuous airflow, the short-circuit current and output voltage signals generated under continuous airflow impact exhibit an unidirectional direct current peak characteristic. Additionally, in order to analyze the relationship between motion of powder airflow and the triboelectric signals, the two-phase flow more comprehensively, a high-speed camera was used to record motion during the charge generation process. Results showed that 3 mm nylon sphere generated normal alternating current signals upon contact and separation from PTFE, while nylon power with the diameter of about 30 µm produced direct current triboelectric signals owing to the effect of point discharge. At a wind speed of 32 m/s, 5 cm distance, 90° impact angle, the short-circuit current and output voltage can reach the maximum values of 20 µA and 130 V, respectively, which can serve as a power source sufficient to power 63 commercial LEDs. Based on the gas-solid two-phase flow triboelectric nanogenerator, a self-powered road warning lights was designed, indicating application prospects in dusty weather.