Rapid Development Process Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Muscle Strength Based on Gender and Children Aged 10-12 Year at Muhammadiyah Elementary School 08 Dau

Background: The growth and development of children aged 0-12 years are individuals who experience a very rapid growth and development process. However, in this modern era, technological developments have resulted in children becoming very lazy and reluctant to do physical activity. This can affect the development of motor skills. Muscle strength is a crucial aspect in human physical development. Muscle strength, especially in the lower leg muscles, can be influenced by several factors such as age and gender. Objective: to determine the comparison of leg muscle strength based on gender and children aged 10-12 years at SD Muhammadiyah Malang. Method: The research used was cross-sectional by taking a sample of 116 respondents. Meanwhile, the test used uses a comparison test. Results: One way ANOVA test showed p-value = 0.79 (<0.05) which shows that there is no significant difference at the age level of 10, 11 and 12 years on leg muscle strength in children. And Mann Whitney p-value = 0.00 (<0.05) which shows that there are differences based on male and female gender. Conclusion: Comparative analysis of lower leg muscle strength based on gender and age 10-12 years at SD Muhammadiyah 08 Dau did not provide significant results regarding differences in lower leg muscle strength based on age 10, 11, 12 years. Meanwhile, there are differences in lower leg muscle strength based on gender.

Private banking market developments: Evidence from Hungary

Private banking institutions serve the financial sector’s wealthiest clientele via a dedicated value proposition. Based on the relevant tendencies and statistics, a remarkable expansion can be outlined since the mid-1990s. The aim of this study is to elaborate the Hungarian private banking market’s development as a case study. The paper also intends to add to the literature on this unique segment of the financial market. Based on the available statistics, the analysis primarily focuses on the Hungarian private banking market’s rapid development process. This can be underpinned by the clientele’s savings, number of accounts and respective segmentation limits of the institutions. Referring to the amount of savings, a correlation analysis indicates significant co-movements with specific social and economic variables. The growth rate of the Hungarian clientele’s savings outperformed the respective indicator in Western Europe during the review time period (2007–2020). The current paper also includes a section that summarises general challenges that private banking managers need to address during the development process. Generally, the literature on private banking can still be considered scarce, whereas there is a lack of studies on the Central-Eastern European region. The analysis of the Hungarian sector’s development path can serve with relevant information to any financial expert in the field.

What are the challenges in the Health Technology Assessment of genetic and genomic applications?

Abstract Introduction Evaluating genetic/genomic applications (GGAs) is crucial for their implementation in clinical practice but hindered by several issues, such as rapid development processes and unclear benefits. Since these challenges lack comprehensive discussion, this study aims to identify and analyze all barriers emerged in the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) of genetic/genomic tests, filling a gap in the current literature. Methods PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched to identify studies that specifically discussed any challenge or barrier in the HTA evaluation of GGAs. No restriction was applied on evaluation aspect or study type. Challenges/barriers were then grouped into the domains outlined in the EUnetHTA Core Model. A narrative synthesis of the main findings was performed. This study was supported by the EC and MUR- PNRR-M4C2-I1.3 Project PE_00000019 ‘HEAL ITALIA’. Results 19 articles were included: one third involved experts from different countries, and about 50% were author perspectives. Articles either focused on one aspect only (37%) or were more general (47%). The most challenging domain was economic aspects (69%), followed by clinical effectiveness (47%) and social impact (42%), but issues were found in all domains. The lack of a standardized HTA approach, the paucity of evidence on clinical outcomes, the challenges in capturing all health benefits, and the difficulties in identifying the healthcare pathways triggered by the test were consistently mentioned across the HTA domains. Conclusions Our study systematically summarized challenges in the HTA evaluation of GGAS, providing a thorough analysis and categorization of these issues. Various challenges surfaced, notably related to the identification of costs, as well as clinical and non-clinical benefits. There is a need for exhaustive discussion on potential solutions to facilitate the assessment process of these technologies to ultimately foster their implementation in clinical practice. Key messages • There are multiple challenges in the HTA evaluation of genetic and genomic tests in clinical practice that impact every HTA domain. • There is a need for concrete efforts in generating further evidence in relation to the definition of costs and benefits of the healthcare pathways triggered by genetic/genomic applications.

Development of a Single Vial Mass Flow Rate Monitor to Assess Pharmaceutical Freeze Drying Heterogeneity.

During pharmaceutical lyophilization processes, inter-vial drying heterogeneity remains a significant obstacle. Due to differences in heat and mass transfer based on vial position within the freeze drier, edge vials freeze differently, are typically warmer and dry faster than center vials. This vial position-dependent heterogeneity within the freeze dryer leads to tradeoffs during process development. During primary drying, process developers must be careful to avoid shelf temperatures that would result in overheating of edge vials causing the product sublimation interface temperature to rise above the critical (collapse) temperature. However, at lower shelf temperatures, center vials require longer to complete primary drying, risking collapse or melt-back due to incomplete drying. Both situations may result in poor product quality affecting drug stability, activity, and reconstitution times. We present a new approach for monitoring vial location-specific water vapor mass flow based on Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS). The single vial monitor enables measurement of the gas flow velocity, water vapor temperature, and gas concentration from the sublimating ice, enabling the calculation of the mass flow rate which can be used in combination with a heat and mass transfer model to determine vial heat transfer coefficients and product resistance to drying. These parameters can in turn be used for robust and rapid process development and control.

SPECIFICS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF VIRTUAL SPACE

The relevance of this research is driven by the rapid development of information technologies and global digitalization processes, which have led to the emergence of virtual space as a new environment for social interactions. Virtual space has become an integral part of modern life, influencing various areas of society. However, despite its growing importance, the existing legal frameworks have not fully adapted to the specific characteristics of virtual space, such as its anonymity, global nature, and dynamic structure. The purpose of this article is to examine the peculiarities of legal regulation in virtual space and to propose effective mechanisms to ensure legal governance in the context of digitalization. This study addresses the gaps in the current legal system and explores ways to adapt legal norms to meet the demands of the digital environment. The study is particularly timely, given the increasing impact of digital technologies on social relations and the need for appropriate legal frameworks to regulate interactions within virtual space. The research methodology is based on an analysis of recent studies and publications, highlighting the growing interest of scholars in the legal regulation of digital technologies and virtual interactions. While there is a substantial body of work on virtual assets and digital rights, the issue of comprehensive legal regulation of virtual space remains underexplored. This article fills that gap by focusing on the development of cross-sectoral legal mechanisms and emphasizing the need for harmonization with international standards. The interdisciplinary nature of virtual space requires legal frameworks that can address the complexity of digital interactions, taking into account both national and international legal norms. The findings of the study show that for effective regulation of virtual space, it is essential to adapt existing legal mechanisms to the specific conditions of the digital environment. This includes the integration of international legal norms, the development of self-regulation tools, and the creation of a comprehensive legal system that can manage social relations in virtual space. The practical value of the article lies in its analysis of the challenges facing legal regulation in virtual space and the solutions proposed for improving the effectiveness of legal mechanisms. These recommendations can be used by policymakers and legal practitioners to develop a more robust regulatory framework for virtual interactions. Only through a comprehensive and flexible approach to regulation can legal systems ensure the orderly conduct of social relations in virtual space and protect the rights of individuals in the digital age.

The Biochemistry of Artificial CO2-Fixation Pathways: The Exploitation of Carboxylase Enzymes Alternative to Rubisco

The last decade has registered a rapid development of new artificial CO2-bioconversion processes mirroring natural CO2-fixation by carboxylation and/or reduction reactions. The development of artificial pathways has shown that we have sufficient tools to design and implement, both in vitro and in vivo, complex reaction sequences pointing to construct microbial cell-factories to produce target chemicals at scale. This review is aimed to focus on the most efficient artificial CO2-fixing autotrophic cycles based on the use of carboxylase enzymes that, similarly to Rubisco enzyme, build a C–CO2 bond by reacting an enediolate or an enolate anion with CO2. The development of artificial CO2-fixing autotrophic cycles encompasses the analysis of the complete library of natural carboxylase enzymes taking part in the so called “central” and “assimilation” metabolism to select only those enzymes characterized by high catalytic efficiency, great stability, high substrate affinity, and oxygen tolerability. The review analyzes the biochemistry of the most efficient artificial CO2-fixation pathways implemented up today, evidencing the biosynthetic strategies adopted, the development of replenishing routes, and their integration with cell metabolism.

Unveiling the origin of metal contact failures in TOPCon solar cells through accelerated damp-heat testing

Tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) solar cells are expected to dominate the global photovoltaic market in the coming decade thanks to rapid advancements in power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, there are concerns about the reliability of TOPCon modules, particularly in hot and humid conditions. The current module-level fundamental analysis strategies for TOPCon solar cells provide too slow feedback for rapid process development. This study explores the degradation of metal contacts in TOPCon solar cells under accelerated testing conditions of 85 °C and 85 % relative humidity (DH85). The degradation was induced by two commonly used sodium-related salts, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and sodium chloride (NaCl), in the testing of the solar cells. When applied to the front side, NaHCO3 caused a ∼5%relPCE reduction after 100-h DH85 exposure, while NaCl leads to a more significant ∼92%relPCE reduction. The primary cause of degradation is a considerable increase in series resistance (Rs), likely due to electrochemical reactions within the Ag/Al paste. When the salts are applied to the rear of the TOPCon solar cell, the degradation becomes more complex. NaHCO3 increases recombination and results in a deterioration of the contact, resulting in a ∼16%relPCE reduction after 100-h DH85 testing. Conversely, NaCl primarily causes a decline in open-circuit voltage (Voc) and a ∼4%relPCE loss. This manuscript primarily investigates degradation mechanisms related on the rear side, with a focus on significant oxidation occurring at the interface between Ag and Si. These findings highlight the susceptibility of TOPCon solar cells to contact corrosion, emphasizing the electrochemical reactivity of metallisation as a potential risk for long-term TOPCon module operation. This study provides crucial insights into TOPCon cell degradation mechanisms, which are essential for optimising performance and enhancing the long-term reliability of TOPCon modules.

Financing Risks and Preventive Measures for E-Commerce Corporates

The e-commerce industry has achieved tremendous development in the past decade. However, in this rapid development process, there are some problems that have caused huge hidden dangers, and financing is the most important one among them. Therefore, the topic of this article is the dangers and prevention methods of e-commerce corporations under different financing methods. The method of this paper is as follows: first, segment the financing models of e-commerce corporates, then combine the financing situation of several well-known e-commerce corporates in China, analyze relevant data, and discuss the possible problems under these financing models separately. The research shows that the short-term debt payment risk, financial leverage risk and investment decision risk are the major risks that have influences on the firms’ financing, and the first two have a greater impact. To resolve these dangers, e-commerce firms can adjust debt structure, diversify financing channels and establish a sound risk prevention mechanism.

РАЗРАБОТКА КРИТЕРИЕВ СИСТЕМЫ РЕЙТИНГА ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛЯ ДЛЯ ВУЗОВ IT-НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ

The article is devoted to the development of a system of criteria for rating teachers for IT universities, which will improve the quality of education. The relevance of this study in connection with the rapid development of technological processes lies in the need to consider the contribution of teachers to the development using innovative technologies and improving the education system. The object of the study is universities that train future personnel in the field of information technology. At the beginning of the article, the authors analyze the existing criteria for assessing the rating of teachers based on the ranking provisions of 5 different universities and identify the problem that many teachers have academic knowledge, but do not devote enough time to developments using advanced technologies and their implementation in the educational process. In this connection, a new group of criteria is being introduced, which includes criteria for professional activity. It is expected that the implementation of the system of developed criteria will lead to an improvement in the quality of education, which will contribute to improving the quality of the university’s graduates in the field of information technology.

Model-based optimization strategy for intensification in the chromatographic purification of oligonucleotides

Oligonucleotides (ONs) are acquiring clinical relevance and their demand is expected to grow. However, the ON production capacity is currently limited by high manufacturing costs. Since the purification of the target ON sequence from molecularly similar variants represents a major bottleneck, this work presents a resource-effective strategy for the optimization of their preparative reversed-phase chromatographic purification. First, a model based on the equilibrium-dispersive theory was introduced to describe the chromatographic operation. Considering a deoxyribose nucleic acid with 20 nucleobases as case study, a genetic algorithm was developed to efficiently determine the adsorption isotherm and mass transfer parameters for the target ON and impurities. After the estimation of these parameters, a strategy for the in-silico optimization of the operation was established. The product collection window, gradient duration, and resin loading were considered as process variables and their influence on yield and productivity was investigated after setting a purity specification of 99.0%. The optimal process parameters identified through this analysis were experimentally verified, confirming the reliability of the model, calibrated with only 5 experimental runs. In addition, this optimal setpoint was exploited to design the multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification (MCSGP) of this ON mixture, which allowed to boost the yield of the process and to work at cyclic steady state, while respecting the purity constraint. This study confirmed the potential of this in-silico optimization strategy in both improving the performance of the traditional single-column operations and in the rapid development of multicolumn processes.

Democratizing Microreactor Technology for Accelerated Discoveries in Chemistry and Materials Research.

Microreactor technologies have emerged as versatile platforms with the potential to revolutionize chemistry and materials research, offering sustainable solutions to global challenges in environmental and health domains. This survey paper provides an in-depth review of recent advancements in microreactor technologies, focusing on their role in facilitating accelerated discoveries in chemistry and materials. Specifically, we examine the convergence of microfluidics with machine intelligence and automation, enabling the exploitation of the cyber-physical environment as a highly integrated experimentation platform for rapid scientific discovery and process development. We investigate the applicability and limitations of microreactor-enabled discovery accelerators in various chemistry and materials contexts. Despite their tremendous potential, the integration of machine intelligence and automation into microreactor-based experiments presents challenges in establishing fully integrated, automated, and intelligent systems. These challenges can hinder the broader adoption of microreactor technologies within the research community. To address this, we review emerging technologies that can help lower barriers and facilitate the implementation of microreactor-enabled discovery accelerators. Lastly, we provide our perspective on future research directions for democratizing microreactor technologies, with the aim of accelerating scientific discoveries and promoting widespread adoption of these transformative platforms.

SiMPl-GS: Advancing Cell Line Development via Synthetic Selection Marker for Next-Generation Biopharmaceutical Production.

Rapid and efficient cell line development (CLD) process is essential to expedite therapeutic protein development. However, the performance of widely used glutamine-based selection systems is limited by low selection efficiency, stringency, and the inability to select multiple genes. Therefore, an AND-gate synthetic selection system is rationally designed using split intein-mediated protein ligation of glutamine synthetase (GS) (SiMPl-GS). Split sites of the GS are selected using a computational approach and validated with GS-knockout Chinese hamster ovary cells for their potential to enable cell survival in a glutamine-free medium. In CLD, SiMPl-GS outperforms the wild-type GS by selectively enriching high producers. Unlike wild-type GS, SiMPl-GS results in cell pools in which most cells produce high levels of therapeutic proteins. Harnessing orthogonal split intein pairs further enables the selection of four plasmids with a single selection, streamlining multispecific antibody-producing CLD. Taken together, SiMPl-GS is a simple yet effective means to expedite CLD for therapeutic protein production.

Application of Deep Learning for Automatic Identification of Hazardous Materials and Urban Safety Supervision

The rapid process of urbanization and industrial development has raised significant concerns regarding the presence and management of hazardous substances. However, conventional methods employed for identifying hazardous substances and monitoring urban safety often suffer from low efficiency and accuracy. This paper proposes a novel approach that combines deep learning and genetic algorithms, which utilizes the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory model to capture temporal features in hazardous substance data and introduces the Attention Mechanism for weighted processing of crucial information, thereby improving recognition capability. Genetic Algorithms are employed to optimize the performance and generalization capacity of the deep learning model. Experimental validation demonstrates that the proposed approach achieves higher accuracy and faster processing speed, effectively enhancing urban safety monitoring. This research holds practical implications for urban safety management and accident prevention, offering an innovative solution to guarantee urban safety.

Research Project Topic Recommender System Using Generative Language Model

Education has become a driver of a person's continuous innovation to improve their quality. Currently, the use of artificial intelligence determines progress in education. In this research, artificial intelligence technology was applied to develop a web-based recommendation system to help students at the Faculty of Computer Science, Klabat University, choose appropriate research topics for their final assignments. To provide personalized and contextually relevant suggestions, the recommendation system leverages deep learning and generative language models, specifically GPT-3. The Rapid Application Development process model is employed to develop the system. Its key components include semantic search, rapid engineering, and an advanced vector database for effective data management and retrieval. The functions provided by the system include user account registration, login, input of major subject grades and research preferences, and personalized recommendation results. Some additional features such as profile management, previous recommendation history, and password reset options are also provided. All these functions have been tested using the black box method.

EVOLUTION OF THE THEORY OF HUMAN CAPITAL

This scientific article is aimed at identifying trends in the formation and evolution of human capital against the background of the rapid development of technological processes. When writing the article, various tools of scientific knowledge were used, such as comparative analysis, scientific abstraction and synthesis. During the formation and transition to a new technological order, the role of man and human capital is being reviewed in economic processes. Currently, there are various variations that help to form ideas about the stages of development, the degree of influence, the essence and role of man and human capital in economic processes, while one should not forget about the retrospective (evaluative) analysis when considering the theory of human capital. Nowadays, the theory of human capital is able to answer many pressing questions of modern civil society; These questions are largely caused by shifts and changes in innovative and technological development in the process of the 5th and 6th technological order. In these realities, the issue of accumulation and subsequent growth of human capital becomes on a par with other pressing issues of national development. It is worth remembering that high-quality and effective human capital has a huge impact on the development of the state’s innovative economy. Keywords: evolution, theory, human capital, economic development, technological shifts.

High‐throughput in silico workflow for optimization and characterization of multimodal chromatographic processes

AbstractWhile high‐throughput (HT) experimentation and mechanistic modeling have long been employed in chromatographic process development, it remains unclear how these techniques should be used in concert within development workflows. In this work, a process development workflow based on HT experiments and mechanistic modeling was constructed. The integration of HT and modeling approaches offers improved workflow efficiency and speed. This high‐throughput in silico (HT‐IS) workflow was employed to develop a Capto MMC polishing step for mAb aggregate removal. High‐throughput batch isotherm data was first generated over a range of mobile phase conditions and a suite of analytics were employed. Parameters for the extended steric mass action (SMA) isotherm were regressed for the multicomponent system. Model validation was performed using the extended SMA isotherm in concert with the general rate model of chromatography using the CADET modeling software. Here, step elution profiles were predicted for eight RoboColumn runs across a range of ionic strength, pH, and load density. Optimized processes were generated through minimization of a complex objective function based on key process metrics. Processes were evaluated at lab‐scale using two feedstocks, differing in composition. The results confirmed that both processes obtained high monomer yield (>85%) and removed of aggregate species. Column simulations were then carried out to determine sensitivity to a wide range of process inputs. Elution buffer pH was found to be the most critical process parameter, followed by resin ionic capacity. Overall, this study demonstrated the utility of the HT‐IS workflow for rapid process development and characterization.

Rapid End-Game Process Development and First GMP Production of MK-7845: An Experimental Antiviral Treatment for COVID-19

Rapid End-Game Process Development and First GMP Production of MK-7845: An Experimental Antiviral Treatment for COVID-19

Early Kilogram Scale Delivery of MK-7845 as a Potential COVID-19 Therapy: Rapid Process Development of Key Intermediates

Early Kilogram Scale Delivery of MK-7845 as a Potential COVID-19 Therapy: Rapid Process Development of Key Intermediates

A compliant constant-force mechanism with sub-Newton force and millimeter stroke output

Force control technology plays a pivotal role in manipulating vulnerable objects. This paper presents a new compliant mechanism with constant-force output characteristics, which can prevent force damage due to displacement overshoot. Due to its unique passive structure, it is exempted from intricate sensors and complicated controllers. The quasi-static constant-force mechanism is obtained by the parallel combination of positive- and negative-stiffness mechanisms. Such a straightforward method facilitates a rapid development and implementation process. The procedures of architectural arrangement selection, theoretical model establishment, parameter sensitivity evaluation, and multi-objective structural optimization are carried out to achieve specified constant-force characteristics. Moreover, the prototype fabrication and performance testing of a constant-force mechanism have been performed. The results demonstrate that the mechanism delivers a constant output force of 339 mN in the motion range of 1.84 mm. The constant-force feature is solely governed by the actuating displacement and is independent of driving speed and acceleration. The promising application of the constant-force mechanism has been demonstrated by manipulating small force-sensitive objects such as biological eggs.

Financial security of Arab countries: analysis of some aspects

Issues of ensuring the financial security of the country have always played an important role not only in times of crises but also in conditions of relatively stable functioning of the economy and financial system. Financial security, along with food and energy security, is part of national economic security and plays a leading role at the macro and micro economic levels. It is especially necessary to note the rapid development of digitalization processes which directly affect the stability of the financial system and its security. The financial systems of Arab countries, being included in the global financial system, are directly or indirectly exposed to almost all possible risks that arise and evolve in the global financial markets and in the global economy. Ensuring financial security in the countries of the Middle East and North Africa region is one of the top priorities for the leadership of these countries. These tasks boil down to, among other things, reducing sovereign risk ensuring unity in regulatory approaches to ensuring cross–border transactions, transparency in trade finance transactions taking into account the imposition of sanctions against some countries, and ensuring cybersecurity in the context of digitalization of financial processes remains an important aspect. This article examined and analyzed some of the aspects of the financial security of Arab countries including taking into account the inclusion of innovative processes in world practice, and there are also presented the problems of the countries of the Middle East and North Africa region which contribute to an increase in the likelihood of imbalance in processes to ensure the financial security of the region generally.