Rapid Chloride Permeability Test Research Articles

Answers to Your Resistivity Questions and Helpful Findings to Develop a Robust Resistivity Specification

Many states are currently in the process of evaluating the use of surface resistivity (SR) or bulk resistivity (BR) tests to assess permeability of concrete in lieu of the standard test method for electrical indication of concrete’s ability to resist chloride ion penetration (AASHTO T 277 and ASTM C1202) which is commonly referred to as the rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT). A few states, such as Louisiana and Maine, implemented resistivity testing in their specifications many years ago. As with any test method implementation, it is important to learn from data generated and experience gained to further refine the specifications in respect of both testing protocols and the specification limits. In this paper, the Federal Highway Administration’s Mobile Concrete Technology Center SR and BR data from 30 field projects in 25 states is analyzed to provide information that could be helpful to agencies as they specify or improve their specifications with respect to resistivity testing. This paper attempts to answer questions related to 1) change in resistivity testing results with age, 2) range and variability of resistivity data from mainline paving mixtures, 3) comparison of test results between SR and BR data, 4) comparison of resistivity data gathered with equipment from various vendors, and 5) use of 28 versus 56 day data.

Optimization and Characterization of Cementitious Composites Combining Maximum Amounts of Waste Glass Powder and Treated Glass Aggregates

This work investigates the combined use of waste glass aggregates (GA) and glass powder (GP) in cementitious mortars. For this reason, the optimized incorporation of GA by natural aggregates (NA) replacements was first studied after applying a surface roughening method with hydrofluoric acid. The compressive strength results were utilized to select the best mixture with GA. Then, different GP contents were added by cements substitutions to the optimized GA-based mortar. A control mortar without GA and GP amounts was also casted as a reference for comparison. The detailed mechanical, physical and durability properties of the resulted mixtures with combined GA and GP were assessed by considering the compressive and flexural strengths, ultra-sonic pulse velocity, alkali-silica reaction (ASR), rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT), magnesium sulphate attack and sulfuric acid resistance. The microstructure of different optimized (GA + GP)-combinations was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS)in order to analyse the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between glass materials and the surrounding matrix. The results showed that the optimized composition with 75% GA and 25% GP was shown with high compacity and durability characteristics due to the increased GA/matrix ITZ and the formation of C–(N,K)–S–H products with C–S–H.

Post-fire curing and autogenous self-healing in alkali-activated slag: Microstructures and healing mechanisms

Among various ways to counter the effects of cracking and damage induced by exposure to elevated temperatures, self-healing appears to be a promising technique for maintaining construction materials' structural integrity and longevity. This research investigates the effectiveness and potential of autogenous self-healing for alkali-activated concrete performance recovery after exposure to elevated temperatures up to 800 °C. Two post-fire curing methods were examined: exposure to ambient air and immersion in sodium hydroxide (NaOH), to assess their effectiveness in promoting self-healing in AAS. To achieve better understanding of the mechanisms behind post-fire AAS's self-healing, a comprehensive evaluation of crack healing, microstructural changes, and the durability of the treated materials was conducted through a combination of visual inspection, ultrasonic pulse velocity, water sorptivity, rapid chloride permeability tests, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray, and X-ray diffraction. Findings reveal that NaOH immersion significantly enhances self-healing, evidenced by reduced crack widths and improved material properties. Changes in the amount of hydration products and various shapes of self-healing product crystals, such as trigonal, cubical, and rectangular, were detected. However, the dominant healing product was calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which precipitates through a combination of hydration reactions and carbonation processes, crucially contributing to the closure of microcracks and the restoration of the material's integrity. This process underscores the critical role of chemical reactions in AAS's self-healing mechanism, offering insights into its potential for enhancing the durability and resilience of construction materials. This emphasized the potential for leveraging AAS properties by self-healing and mitigating fire damage, thus extending the lifespan of structures and reducing maintenance costs.

An experimental study on high strength self-compacting concrete inclusion of zeolite and silica fume as a potential alternative sustainable cementitious materials

One of the major sources of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases around the world is the cement industry. They make up 6–8 % of global warming. Therefore, by conducting this experiment, we may examine the possibility of replacing cement with different cementitious materials which include zeolite,silica fume and fly ash. These mineral additives will lessen the need for cement while enhancing the properties of the concrete that has just been hardened and also in fresh state. The objective of this experiment is to explore the impact of zeolite and silica fume on the physical and durability qualitiesof high strength, self-compacting concrete utilising nano silica that has been optimised. In the course of this study, various concrete mixtures were cast with zeolite and silica fume substituted for cement in varying amounts, and there was also a control mix for reference. These additives arereplacedcement in multiples of 5 up to 20 %. The preferred dosage as 2 % Nano silica is substituted as a regular mineral additive in all mixtures. Workability tests on the fresh qualities of concrete mixtures are conducted and the EFNARC stipulations are met by these experimental findings. All the concrete mixes' parameters, including strengths like splitting tensile and compressive were identified. Tests such as the Rapid chloride permeability test, the abrasion test, water absorption and desorption test were used to evaluate the concrete's durability.

Experimental Analysis on the Characteristics of Concrete by Incorporating Steel Slag as Partial Replacement of Sand

Abstract: Steel slag is a by-product obtained in the manufacture of pig iron in the blast furnace and is produced by the blend of constituents of iron ore with limestone flux. Presently in India, owing to restricted methods of use, massive amounts of iron and steel slag are deposited in the yards of every production facility, occupying significant agricultural land, and seriously polluting the entire ecosystem. Meanwhile, the application of ecological environment protection has limited the mining of gravel, leading to a shortage of natural aggregate. Numerous studies have sought to replace natural aggregate in concrete with steel slag aggregate due to its good engineering qualities. The current research work is to investigate the concrete’s characteristics for M40-grade concrete by substitution of sand with steel slag at 10%, 20% and 30% during various curing ages. Several experiments were conducted on the characteristics of the concrete, compressive strength, and durability properties (such as water absorption and rapid chloride permeability test) up to the age of 90 days

Effect of load on bonding properties and salt freeze-thaw resistance of bridge expansion joint concrete

In the seasonal frozen regions, the bridge expansion joint concrete (BEJC) is susceptible to damage during its service life, not only from vehicular loads but also from chloride salt erosion and the effects of freeze-thaw cycles. This study investigates the basic physical and mechanical properties of BEJC under different curing conditions. A rapid chloride permeability test was conducted to comparatively analyze the concrete's chloride ion penetration resistance. The microscopic crack width on the concrete bond surface is evaluated to assess the concrete bond performance under different loading durations. Additionally, the study explores the coupled effect of wheel loads and single-sided salt freeze-thaw cycles (WL-SFT) on the freeze-thaw resistance of BEJC, delving into factors such as spalling mass, water absorption rate, and pore structure characteristics (including air content, specific surface area, spacing coefficient) and connectivity. The results indicate that for specimens subjected to loading at 1–14 days and 3–14 days, the average crack widths on the bond surface are 14.36 µm and 10.09 µm, respectively, representing 5.27 times and 3.70 times those of unloaded specimens. The bond strength also decreases by 34.8% and 14.2%, respectively, compared to unloaded specimens. The increase in crack width leads to a reduction in bond strength, highlighting the importance of bond strength as a consideration for the actual opening time of roads in engineering projects. Furthermore, due to its smaller and more stable pore structure, the study suggests that WL-SFT almost does not damage standard curing (SC) concrete; however, it slightly disrupts the pore structure of natural curing (NC) concrete. In comparison, WL-SFT leads to the generation of more microcracks in both the surface and deeper layers of low-temperature curing (LC) concrete, resulting in the destruction of its pore structure and connectivity.

Mechanical and durability performance of ternary blended calcined clay and pulverized granite mortar composites

ABSTRACT Partially replacing cement with pozzolans, apart from the enormous technical benefits, has been reported as an effective approach to reducing greenhouse gases emanating from cement production. Calcined clay and pulverised granite, in recent years, have been experimented individually for their use as filler or pozzolan in concrete to improve workability and compressive strength. This research includes study of the synergistic characteristics of these two mineral admixtures and their influence on the mechanical and durability properties of mortar. Cement was partially substituted with 5–20% by weight of the composite material to form a ternary blended cement composite. The compressive strengths of the ternary blended cements were evaluated at 3, 7, 28 and 90 days. Durability properties such as alkali silica reactivity (ASR), rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT) and performance of the blended cements in aggressive media have been discussed. Test results indicated that, blended cements containing 5% and 10% of the pozzolan recorded similar compressive strengths at 28 days and outperformed it by 2.4% and 0.6% respectively at 90 days. Beyond 10% replacement, compressive strengths declined. The ternary blended cements were found to be highly reactive, potentially causing ASR in concrete than the reference cement.

Effect of Finely Ground Coal Bottom Ash as Replacement for Portland Cement on the Properties of Ordinary Concrete

This study investigates the use of finely ground coal bottom ash (FGCBA) as a substitute for Portland cement in concrete, comparing it with coal fly ash from the same power plant. The incorporation of this ash necessitates the addition of a superplasticizer to achieve the desired slump at the same replacement rate. The results demonstrate that at an optimal 20% replacement rate, as determined by 91-day compressive strength tests, the maximum strength achieved by FGCBA is 97.7% of the control group with pure cement, whereas coal fly ash reaches 114.0%. Drying shrinkage tests indicate for both materials have similar volume stability, while rapid chloride permeability tests show their effectiveness in reducing chloride ion permeability, with superior performance from FGCBA. Under optimal conditions, the result of the RCPT test was only 559 coulombs, which is significantly better compared to the 4108 coulombs when using fly ash from coal combustion. Our results demonstrate that utilizing low-cost bottom ash by finely grinding it to replace Portland cement in concrete is feasible, achieving both carbon reduction and economic viability.

Investigation of Microstructure and Performance of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete for Transportation Infrastructure

This study examines the engineering properties of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) for use in construction and transportation infrastructure. The UHPC investigated in this study consists of three types of pozzolan, microsilica, nanosilica, and fly ash. It also contains two types of aggregate, garnet and basalt. In addition, it contains steel fibers. The study investigated the properties of fresh UHPC (slump flow, slump flow T50, L-box, and V-funnel), the mechanical properties of UHPC, including compressive and tensile strength, and its durability by analyzing volumetric water absorption, special electrical resistance, and performing the rapid chloride permeability test using scanning electron microscopy to examine the microstructure of UHPC. The results show that UHPC exhibits exceptional mechanical properties, such as high compressive and tensile strengths and remarkable durability, including reduced water absorption, increased special electrical resistance, decreased permeability to chlorine ions, and a negligible permeability range. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that UHPC is a unique material with excellent performance in various engineering applications, making it an ideal choice for construction projects and transportation infrastructures where high strength and long-lasting durability are required.

Assessment of mechanical properties with machine learning modeling and durability, and microstructural characteristics of a biochar-cement mortar composite

Rising CO2 emissions have become one of the biggest environmental challenges in recent years. Due to the rising carbon footprint of the building industry, CO2 emission regulation and mitigation have become perennial issues. The utilization of Biochar (BC) as a carbon-sequestering component in cement mortar is the novelty and main concern of this study. In this research, the effectiveness of BC in sequestering carbon was examined along with its effect on the mechanical, microstructural, and durability characteristics of the composite cement mortar. It includes a control and eight additional mixes prepared with 1%, 3%, 5%, and 8% BC by weight of cement added to mortar; the BC were prepared at two fixed temperatures of 300 °C and 500 °C. It also involves testing fresh properties, mechanical properties, durability properties, and microstructure analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). A Universal Testing Machine (UTM) was used to determine the mechanical properties of the cement mortar, such as its compressive and tensile strengths. The water permeability and rapid chloride permeability tests (RCPT) were used to evaluate the specimens' long-term stability as a measure of their durability. Based on the test results, it has been found that the inclusion of BC enhanced the strength and durability of cement mortar through its pozzolanic action. In addition, BC is a filler material whose porous structure fills the voids within the cement particles, decreasing water absorption and improving workability. BC sequesters carbon by carbonizing biomass. Its presence in cement mortar stores carbon that would otherwise be emitted into the atmosphere, which helps to reduce the environmental effect. According to the conclusion of the study, BC has the potential to be a sustainable component of cement mortar. In addition, the two distinct algorithms built upon machine learning applied in the analysis using adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) and linear regression (LR); both these analyses demonstrate that it is feasible to predict the characteristics of cement mortar accurately. The AdaBoost methodology outperforms the LR methodology because of its strong correlation value (R2).

Utilization of Treated Wastewater in Concrete

Water produced by a community is referred to as domestic wastewater. Consequently, it is made up of waste products from human bodies and water used for cleansing. The smell of fresh wastewater is earthy but not unpleasant. It is a grayish, turbid liquid. It also comprises pollutants in real solution together with big floating and suspended particles, smaller suspended solids (such partly digested vegetable peel, paper, and feces), and extremely small materials in colloidal suspension. Because it includes numerous disease-causing (or “pathogenic”) organisms, it is offensive in appearance and dangerous in composition. In a sewage treatment facility, the wastewater that is produced will be cleaned up and then dumped into rivers or fields, as appropriate. In this research, an effort has been made to determine the feasibility of reusing domestic wastewater after treatment of Vijayawada city in the casting of concrete. The performance of domestic wastewater performance has been carried out through various tests, such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, and rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT).

Comparative study of heterotrophic and photoautotrophic bacteria on strength and permeability properties of concrete

The incorporation of bacterial biomass to cementitious materials improves the strength and permeability properties by altering the pore structure. Previous studies report significant improvement in the strength properties of concrete by using ureolytic bacteria. However, several challenges limit its application in the field, and one such limitation is the release of ammonia gas, a harmful foul-smelling pollutant. In some studies, cyanobacteria are being used as an alternative to heterotrophic bacteria. The present study compares the effect of the addition of heterotrophic bacteria, Bacillus paramycoides, and phototrophic bacteria, Synechocystis pevalekii BDHKU 35101, on the strength and permeability properties of concrete. The specimens treated with S. pevalekii (SPC) and B. paramycoides (BPC) improved the compressive strength significantly compared to the control, however, a marginal difference (1.8 %) was observed between the SPC and BPC specimens. The charge passed through SPC and BPC specimens during the rapid chloride permeability test was 1901 and 1440 coulombs, respectively after 28 days of curing. The water absorption reduced after 28 days with 0.007 and 0.005 sorptivity coefficients of SPC and BPC specimens, respectively. The CaCO3 crystallization in SPC and BPC specimens was confirmed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The peaks of calcite and vaterite were observed in X-ray diffraction (XRD). This study affirms that both B. paramycoides and S. pevalekii significantly improved the strength and permeability properties of concrete. However, photoautotrophic cyanobacteria do not release harmful pollutants and also sequester atmospheric CO2 during calcification and can serve as potential substitute/alternative for ureolytic bacteria.

Evaluating the rapid chloride permeability of self-compacting concrete containing fly ash and silica fume exposed to different temperatures: An artificial intelligence framework

One of the major known challenges of improving durability of concrete structures is reducing the permeability of concrete to retard the transport of chloride ions. In this regard, the utilization of self-compacting concrete (SCC) incorporating supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash and silica fume can aid to improve the resistance against chloride ion penetration. With the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of the SCCs, existing experimental methods, such as the rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT), demand time, financial resources, and skilled technicians. This study proposes three accurate and reliable predictive models through the combination of metaheuristic optimization techniques of particle swarm optimization (PSO), ant colony optimization (ACO) and biogeography-based optimization (BBO) with artificial neural network (ANN) in order to minimize the reliance on time-consuming and costly laboratory activities. To this end, 360 RCPT results on 60 SCC mixtures incorporating various percentages of fly ash and silica fume exposed to different temperatures during the RCPT were collected. The performance of the developed models was assessed by different statistical indicators. The results reveal that the proposed ANN-BBO model exhibits a higher accuracy than the single ANN, ANN-PSO and ANN-ACO models. It is also found that the input parameter of the sample temperature during testing is the most important variable in controlling the RCPT of SCC with a contribution of 25%. Comparing the performance of the best proposed model (ANN-BBO) with that of existing models in the literature reveals that the ANN-BBO model has a higher accuracy in predicting the chloride ion penetration resistance of SCCs.

Effect of Mud Powder on the Performance of Bridge Deck Leveling Concrete in a Seasonally Frozen Region.

Mud powders in aggregates are often found to cause deterioration of concrete properties. Based on a study of the mechanical properties of bridge deck leveling concrete (BDLC) containing different mud powders at various ages, the effects of mud powders on concrete durability were evaluated through rapid chloride permeability testing, freeze-thaw testing, and the coupling of salt solution and a freeze-thaw test. The properties of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) were also investigated via microhardness testing. The test results showed that mud powder reduced the compressive strength, static compressive elastic modulus, and bond strength at early stages of curing. Moreover, mud powder was found to reduce the tensile properties and durability of concrete, with clay powder causing a greater reduction than mud powder in river sands and coarse aggregate. In addition, the width of the ITZ of concrete containing mud powder was found to increase by 23.1-48.3%. A significant correlation between the ITZ and the tensile properties, as well as the durability of concrete, was also observed. Therefore, in order to improve the tensile properties and durability of BDLC in seasonally frozen regions, the content of mud powder in the aggregates should be minimized according to the different compositions of mud powders. The coupling effect of salt solution and a freeze-thaw cycle should also be taken into consideration.

Experimental Investigation of Snail Shell-based Cement Mortar: Mechanical Strength, Durability and Microstructure

Snail shells are the discarded bio-shell waste from restaurants, and oceans creating huge environmental problems for society. Living organisms are harmed when these shells are released. As previously stated, the work focuses primarily on the utilisation of snail shell powder as a raw ingredient in cement mortar. The mechanical and durability features of snail shell-based cement mortar were compared to the nominal mortar in this study. Snail shell powder, ranging from 0% to 35%, was used to partially substitute cement in mortar, with a variation of 5%. XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) was used to determine the chemical composition of both mixes. The mechanical properties of mortar for both mixes were determined using a compressive strength test. The tests on cement mortar viz., Water Absorption, Sorptivity, Acid Durability, and Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (RCP Test) were compared with nominal mortar mix. According to the results of the investigation, the optimum use of snail shell powder is 30%. The durability of both mixes increased by the increase of the snail shell powder. To detect the C-S-H gel formations, microstructural analysis was performed for both mixes.

An approach for environment protection by regression and cluster analysis of GGBS-based geopolymer composite at different proportion of brick dust

The study focused on the significance of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as replacement of brick dust. Compression, tension, rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT) and water absorption test (WA) is analyzed. Study revealed that the produced geopolymer concrete showed better properties over normal concrete. Up to 10% GGBS replacement with calcined clay, exhibits enhanced compressive strength. Chloride ion permeability tests showed that GPC is superior to normal concrete of all ages in its resistance to chloride ion penetration. On increasing brick dust proportion, mass loss minimized due to sulfate attack. Compressive strength has low relationship with water absorption (0.6618).

Enhancing the properties of geopolymer concrete using nano-silica and microstructure assessment: a sustainable approach

Nowadays low calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete can be replaced with cement-based concrete to avoid the adverse effect of manufacturing cement on the environment. Utilization of geopolymer concrete instead of traditional concrete using low calcium fly ash and nano silica reduces a significant amount of CO­2 emission towards the atmosphere. However, the performance of geopolymer concrete is less than that of Portland cement concrete. To improve the performance of geopolymer concrete nano silica was used in the present study. In this work, geopolymer concrete was made utilizing fly ash, ground granular blast furnace slag (GGBS), and sugarcane bagasse ash. In the first instance, binary combinations i.e. fly ash and GGBS were employed as cementitious materials for the production of geopolymer concrete. In the second instance, a ternary mixture of pozzolanic material was prepared by taking 25% GGBS, 65% Fly ash, and 10% bagasse ash. In the third instance, varying percentages of nanoparticles were used for the above ternary mixture. The mechanical and durability properties of the geopolymer composite that was made earlier were tested. The compressive strength and split tensile strength of geopolymer composites were assessed for mechanical properties and a rapid chloride permeability test, water absorption test, and acid attack test were done to know about the porosity of concrete. Results showed that, with a dose of 4% nanoparticles, the durability and strength properties of the concrete had improved the most. The GCBA-N4 mixture had the highest split tensile and compressive strength was measured to be 2.91 MPa and 41.33 MPa and the rapid chloride permeability test, water absorption rate, and percentage of mass loss due to sulfate attack were found as a minimum for GCBA-N4 specimen.

Durability parameters of three low-carbon concretes (low clinker, alkali-activated slag and supersulfated cement)

The general transfer properties (water porosity, mercury intrusion porosimetry, water permeability, capillary absorption, gas permeability and resistivity) and chloride penetration resistance (natural chloride diffusion test and rapid chloride permeability test) of three low-carbon concretes C25/30 (low clinker (LCK) concrete, alkali-activated slag with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3-AAS) concrete and supersulfated cement (SSC) concrete) were evaluated and compared, in order to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each technology. The results show that the LCK concrete is characterized by “excellent” transfer properties (low water porosity, gas permeability, water permeability and capillary absorption) but high viscosity in the fresh state and very high chloride permeability. AAS and SSC concretes have similar transfer properties, comparable to classical concretes C25/30, and are extremely resistant to chloride penetration. Finally, the use of traditional protocols for durability tests applied to alternative low-carbon binders is questioned and metrology adaptations are proposed.

Influence of Optimum Particle Packing on the Macro and Micro Properties of Sustainable Concrete

In this research, the possibility of making eco-friendly concrete from available materials in the local United Arab Emirates (UAE) market was investigated. Supplementary cementitious materials, such as ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and silica fume (SF), were utilized for decreasing the cement quantity, enhancing the particle size distribution and improving packing. In sum, 130 concrete specimens—cubes, cylinders, and prisms—from 10 different concrete mixes were tested to determine the enhancement levels in the fresh and hard properties of new concrete. The results showed the improved particle packing of the concrete, especially within the region of sizes 100–10,000 microns, produced by the Elkem Materials Mix Analyser (EMMA), closely matching the Andreassen theoretical model. The green concrete incorporating SF and GGBS possessed air content in the range 1.0–1.4% and compressive strength that is on average 11% higher than the well-packed concrete that did not contain SF or GGBS. Compared to the ACI 318 code’s predictions, the experimental findings of the optimally packed concrete’s moduli of rupture and elasticity were under-estimated by 55–69% and 0.8–8.8%, respectively. The rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT) showed results as low as 392 coulombs for mixes with supplementary cementitious materials, indicating very low chloride permeability. Microstructural analysis using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) demonstrated that concrete with supplementary materials has fewer voids, more homogeneous integration of ingredients, and an abundance of C-S-H products that supported the RCPT findings and tests of mechanical properties. The study demonstrated a significant decrease in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of concrete utilizing GGBS and SF and the financial feasibility of eco-friendly concrete in the UAE.

Application of Coffee Husk Ash as Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Concrete

The task of turning agricultural waste into practical construction and building materials has been placed before civil engineers. Coffee husk is produced in vast amounts due to the global commerce of coffee beans, which are incinerated into ash when used as fuel, producing coffee husk ash (CHA). Even though many researchers have worked on the utilization of CHA in concrete, they have been used as partial cement replacement but not as a replacement of aggregates. The experimental study of the performance of concrete on fine aggregate replaced partially with CHA is represented in this paper. The fine aggregate is replaced by 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% by weight of CHA. The performance of the partially replaced fine aggregate with CHA is reviewed by considering the compressive strength and workability of fresh concrete and the splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, durability under acid and alkaline media, thermal conductivity, and rapid chloride permeability test of hardened concrete. The results indicate that the partial replacement of fine aggregate with 4% of CHA (CHA04) in concrete provides a positive impact to all the selected performance parameters. The compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile of the CHA04 mix were 43.4 MPa, 3.7 MPa, and 2.44 MPa, respectively, which were 28.4%, 19.35%, and 1.66%, respectively, greater than normal concrete mix (CHA00). Even the study of acid and alkaline attack on the CHA04 mix showed lesser strength reduction as compared to other mixes. The RCPT showed less chloride permeability, and the thermal conductivity is higher for CHA04, indicating lesser voids compared to other mixes. With the help of this investigation, it can be said that fine aggregate replacement with 4% CHA has the best strength and durability properties compared to regular concrete.