Rape Research Articles

The Force Intervention Brigade in the drc, Civilian Security and Women Peace and Security

Abstract This article examines the UN Security Council (unsc) authorised Force Intervention Brigade (fib) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (drc) and the component of the mandate that articulates civilian security as a rationale for justified force. In examining civilian protection (articulated as both civilian security and as the protection of civilians), we explore the parallels between the women, peace and security agenda and the image – versus the reality – of civilian vulnerability in the drc. In focusing on the narratives of civilian security we explore how the ten years of repeat authorisations for the fib replicate heteronormative and colonial tropes that have ultimately undermined security in the drc and, for international lawyers, undermine peacekeeping principles, authorisations of force, and understandings of consent. The contradictions between the Security Council’s commitments to addressing and preventing conflict-related sexual violence and the mobilisation of the fib are drawn on to demonstrate the ways in which gender simultaneously strengthens the Council’s legitimacy and yet produces few spaces of significant change from a feminist perspective. We conclude that not only is the legacy of the fib detrimental to women’s security in the drc given reports of sexual exploitation and abuse (sea) perpetrated by peacekeepers but that the fib has transformed peacekeeping away from peace, embedding militarised responses to a complex humanitarian crisis.

Insights into perceptions, responses, and challenges experienced by women and girls’ survivors of sexual violence and their communities in rural Guinea, 2020

Insights into perceptions, responses, and challenges experienced by women and girls’ survivors of sexual violence and their communities in rural Guinea, 2020

Navigating the Political Dangers of Critical Approaches to Sexual Violence Work

Navigating the Political Dangers of Critical Approaches to Sexual Violence Work

“If This Is What Working in Sports Is, I Want Absolutely No Part of It”: Women’s Experiences With Sexual Harassment in Sport Organizations

There is a plethora of recent examples from the sport industry that situate sport organizations as contributing to sexual violence against women (e.g., Phoenix Suns, Nike). Though research has shown that these issues exist in sport, little work has focused on the impacts of gender-based violence and sexual harassment. Therefore, utilizing gender regimes as our conceptual framework, we explored how experiences of gender-based violence and sexual harassment within sport organizations work to perpetuate the gender inequality in sport workplaces. Findings illustrate the influence of a multilevel relationship to the gender-based violence and sexual harassment experienced by women is impacted by the presence of gender regimes and use of containment strategies to conceal this abuse. Thus, we argue that institutional-level failures to protect women represent organizational success, which reinforces gender regimes and the purposeful containment of these incidents maintains the gender/power hierarchy.

Avatars at Risk: Exploring Public Response to Sexual Violence in Immersive Digital Spaces

As the metaverse emerges as a new frontier of human interaction, understanding public perceptions of crime in virtual spaces becomes crucial. This study delves into public perceptions of such crimes, focusing on reported incidents of sexual assault in virtual reality environments. We uncover complex dynamics, shaping threat perception in immersive digital realms by analysing YouTube comments through an innovative mixed-methods approach combining machine learning and empirical analysis. Our findings reveal that social norms and expectations are pivotal in influencing perceptions of threats, while technology-mediated interactions correlate with reduced perceived risks. Surprisingly, the oft-discussed blurring of virtual and physical realities shows no significant impact on threat perception. This research contributes to the expanding literature on the social construction of reality and public perception of emerging technologies. The results have implications for the development and governance of metaverse platforms, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive user education initiatives and culturally sensitive approaches to community guidelines and safety features.

Pencegahan serta Penanganan Kekerasan Seksual pada Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa dalam Lingkup Implementasi Kebijakan

This study focuses on the implementation of the Sexual Violence Prevention and Handling policy carried out at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University referring to the Regulation of the Chancellor of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University Number 5 of 2021 concerning PPKS in the Untirta Environment. The problems studied in this study are the many cases of sexual violence that still occur in Untirta, campus facilities are not fully available to support anti-sexual violence, the implementation of socialization has not reached all target groups, and the culture of the target group still considers sexual violence as a taboo to report. The purpose of this study is to determine how the policy of preventing and handling sexual violence is implemented at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University. This study uses the theory put forward by Van Metter and Van Horn. The researcher used a descriptive qualitative method with data analysis through interviews, observations, documentation, and literature studies. For the selection of informants, the researcher used purposive and snowball techniques. The results of this study indicate that implementing the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence policy at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University has been carried out quite well because it meets each variable studied in the Van Metter Van Horn theory. However, in its implementation, there are certainly still various obstacles faced by the Untirta PPKS Task Force.

Adult Experience of Pregnancy and Childbirth in Survivors of Underage Sexual Violence

Objective: Ms. A, who was a victim of sexual violence as a minor, spoke about pregnancy and childbirth as an adult and revealed her thoughts on the medical treatment and care she received. Methods: Semi-structured interview was conducted on zoom using an interview guide about Ms. A's thoughts on pregnancy and childbirth. The contents of the interview were coded using NVivo version 1.6.1, a qualitative data analysis support software. Content analysis was performed on 62 coded data and categorized them. Results: Seven categories were generated: resistance, disgust, pain, flashbacks, childbirth, positive emotions, and children. "Flashbacks" and "resistance," "pain" and "disgust," and "children" and "childbirth" were related. Discussion: It became clear that pregnancy and childbirth are experiences that are connected to past sexual violence victims. Consideration is required for everyone, even if it is supportive care, such as the medical treatment and care that pregnant women receive on a routine basis, or the situation where they touch the female genitals. Even if appropriate support is not available during pregnancy, it is necessary to continue to provide support during the child-rearing period so that pregnancy and childbirth can be viewed in a positive light.

The Role of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 12 of 2022 concerning Sexual Violence Crimes in Handling Cases of Gender-Based Violence in Indonesia

This paper examines the application of Law Number 12 of 2022 on the Crime of Sexual Violence in addressing cases of gender-based violence (GBV) within Indonesia’s creative economy. Using a juridical analysis approach, the study explores the effectiveness of the law in protecting victims, prosecuting offenders, and preventing future incidents of sexual violence in a sector characterized by informal employment and unique workplace dynamics. Case studies of sexual violence incidents in the creative economy reveal challenges in reporting, barriers in legal processes, and the critical role of industry stakeholders in mitigating or enabling GBV. While the law offers comprehensive protections, including victim support and criminal sanctions, its effective implementation requires enhanced law enforcement training, workplace safety policies, and accessible reporting mechanisms. The study concludes with recommendations to strengthen the application of Law Number 12 of 2022, ensuring greater protection for creative industry workers from gender-based violence.

Violence against women: diverse facets

Gender-based violence, a crucial element of sexual and reproductive health and rights, deserves intensified efforts for its control. Elimination of violence against women is an important aspect of social development, whether for policy formulation by governments, support by professional bodies or delivery of care at the grassroots level. Instead of being merely a platform on 25 November for oft-heard rhetorics, the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women provides a unique opportunity for promoting the implementation of effective interventions for service reform addressing intimate-partner violence and sexual violence.

Pendekatan Non Penal Dalam Penanggulangan Kekerasan Seksual Verbal Anak

Introduction: Child verbal sexual crimes are still a serious problem and this is a social disaster that worries society. This condition demands the protection of children.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to analyze and discuss whether the non-penal approach is effective in dealing with child verbal sexual violence and what non-penal approaches can be used in tackling child verbal sexual violence.Methods of the Research: The research method used is an empirical juridical research type. The research locations are the Gasira Maluku Foundation, Ambon 1 Public High School, Ambon 4 State Vocational School and the National Commission on Human Rights. Polulation, research samples of Gasira assistant staff, counseling teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Ambon, counseling teachers at SMK Negeri 4 Ambon and Komnas HAM analyst staff. Data collection through observation and interviews. Data processing and data analysis using qualitative methods.Results of the Research: The results of the study show that the non-penal approach is not yet effective in tackling child verbal sexual violence. This is because children's verbal sexual violence still occurs in schools and in society and is considered something that is normal or usually done to children. Even though verbal sexual violence is sexual violence that is carried out in a non-physical form against children, which is related to parts of the child's body and is related to sexual desire, resulting in intimidation, humiliation, humiliation, or embarrassment. Besides that, the lack of knowledge of school children, parents and the community regarding verbal sexual violence because they do not know what forms, impacts and non-penal approaches and penal approaches in dealing with child verbal sexual violence include. Forms of a non-penal approach that can be used in tackling child verbal sexual violence, namely conducting training, outreach to children and providing counseling and social education in order to develop sensitivity and social awareness of the community regarding the impacts that can arise from acts of child verbal sexual violence, the formation of the individual character of a group or community by providing moral education, religious education and handling child verbal sexual violence by the school and in the community through reprimands and advice to perpetrators not to commit violence and assistance to children as victims of verbal sexual violence.

Katharine E. McGregor (2023), "Systemic silencing; Activism, memory, and sexual violence in Indonesia"

Katharine E. McGregor (2023), "Systemic silencing; Activism, memory, and sexual violence in Indonesia"

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Korban Kekerasan Seksual Pada Konflik Bersenjata Non-Internasional

Introductioan: Cases of sexual violence against children in non-international armed conflicts have long been recognized as deliberate and systematic violence. After that, legal protection against violence becomes very important to provide not only in times of peace but also in times of conflict. Sexual violence committed in non-international armed conflicts is categorized as a war crime and a crime against humanity, especially for minors as victims. So it is necessary to implement legal protection for children as victims of sexual violence in non-international armed conflicts.Purposes of the Research: Examining and analyzing the legal protection provided to children as victims of sexual violence in non-international armed conflicts.Methods of the Research: The research was conducted through normative legal research with a legal approach to examine and analyze regulations relating to the legal protection of children as victims of sexual violence in non-international armed conflicts.Results of the Research: There are regulations relating to the protection of victims of sexual violence, especially children, committed intentionally by combatants in armed conflict. Legal protection, especially in non-international armed conflicts, is also part of the State's responsibility in resolving this case. So that there is implementation of rules related to the protection of human rights in armed conflict with all assistance from international organizations based on international humanitarian law which has provided legal protection for victims of sexual violence.

Implementation of Natural Language Processing in the Reporting and Handling System of Sexual Violence Cases on Campus

Sexual violence in the campus environment is a serious problem that requires an effective reporting and handling system. This research aims to develop a Natural Language Processing (NLP)-based system that can improve the process of reporting and handling cases of sexual violence on campus. The methodology used includes the application of NLP techniques such as sentiment analysis and entity recognition to automate the identification and handling of reports. The Support Vector Machines (SVM) algorithm is used for the classification of text in this system. The data is collected from various sources, pre-processed, and used to train NLP models. The results of the study show that the system developed has an accuracy level of 91%, precision of 93%, and recall of 87%, which illustrates its effectiveness in collecting reports of sexual violence anonymously and accurately. Feedback from early adopters shows that the system improves the efficiency and accuracy of the reporting process. The conclusion of this study is that the implementation of NLP can significantly improve the reporting and handling system of sexual violence on campus. Further research is suggested to expand the scope of the system and improve its analysis capabilities.

Analysis Of Mental Health Services For Child Victims Of Sexual Violence At The Integrated Service Center Of The Department Of Women's Empowerment And Child Protection Of Labuhan Batu Selatan Regency

Background: Sexual violence is any act carried out with the aim of obtaining sexual acts or other acts directed at a person's sexuality using coercion regardless of their relationship status with the victim..Objectives: analyzing Mental Health Services for Child Victims of Sexual Violence at the Integrated Service Center of the Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Service of South Labuhan Batu Regency.Research method: This research is a qualitative descriptive research. This research was conducted qualitatively.Results: The results of this study are From the results of the study conducted by the researcher that the form of mental health services applied at the integrated service center for women's empowerment and child protection in South Labuhan Batu Regency is the approach and assistance model, From the results of the study conducted by the researcher that the mental health service model applied at the integrated service center for women's empowerment and child protection in South Labuhan Batu Regency is individual counseling and the results of the study conducted by the researcher with respondents that the factors that influence the mental health of children who are victims of sexual violence at the Integrated Service Center for Women's Empowerment and Child Protection in South Labuhan Batu Regency are the emergence of feelings of shame and not wanting to socialize with their surroundings

Violence Against Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review of Literature on the Victim-Perpetrator Relationship.

Violence against children affects children in every region, nation, and community in the world. Despite a significant body of literature about the victims of such violence, there has been little empirical research, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, focused on perpetrators, their relationship to victims, and interventions that might alter their behavior. This scoping review sought to identify and summarize the scholarly literature on perpetrators of violence against children in Sub-Saharan Africa and their relationship with victims. Using a keyword search of academic databases, we included peer-reviewed studies published from January 2013 to June 2023 that focused on physical, sexual, or emotional violence against children in Sub-Saharan Africa and included prevalence data about victim-perpetrator relationships. Eighteen of the 42 studies that met eligibility criteria shared one or more primary data sources with other studies included in this review, most frequently using data from Violence Against Children Surveys (10), the Uganda Good Schools Project (7), and the National Child Homicide Study (3). The most common classifications of perpetrators, in order of frequency, were caregivers/family members, intimate partners, peers, teachers/school staff and strangers, and the most common settings in which research took place were schools. Wide variability in the taxonomies used to define and report frequencies for age, victim, perpetrator, and type of violence obscures our ability to form a complete picture of victim-perpetrator relationships. Research emphasis on victims of violence may lead to missed opportunities to disrupt the perpetration of violence against children through interventions that specifically target its source.

The Role of Character Education and Religious Values in Prevention of Sexual Violence

Discussion on national character has been included in the legal regulation, that every Indonesian society is expected to be an individual who understands morals and is accustomed to doing good things in life. Developments in the era of globalization are increasingly massive, ultimately having an impact on the elimination of national character. In the end, several problems arise due to the shift in national character, one of which is the occurrence of free association which has an impact on sexual harassment. This study uses a library research method by utilizing secondary data as reference material. In an effort to prevent sexual harassment, character education and the application of religious values for an individual are very important. Because these two things can ultimately lead an individual to maintain association; manners; politeness; and norms taught in religious values.

Generational Differences in Sexual Health Education Experiences Among LGBTQ+ Adolescents and Adults: Findings from a U.S. National Probability Sample

ABSTRACT Few U.S. states require school-based sex education to be representative or inclusive of LGBTQ+ people. Data suggests that adolescents’ receipt of necessary topics in sex education has declined in the past 25 years, yet the literature on LGBTQ+ people’s sex education experiences in the United States is largely limited to non-probability samples. Data were from a national probability sample of adolescents and adults in the United States. Individuals identifying as LGBTQ+ (N = 818) were asked an open-ended item about the type of sex education they would have liked to have received. Participants were classified into four generational cohorts: Boomer+, Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z. Inductive content analyses and chi-square tests of independence were used. Having sex education that normalized LGBTQ+ identities was the most reported topic, with Boomer+ being more likely to report this and Generation X being least likely. About one-quarter of respondents indicated they would have liked any type of sex education. Millennials were more likely to report wanting more information on sexual orientation and gender identity and safe sexual practices compared to other cohorts. Nearly one-fourth of respondents indicated their sex education did not need improvement/was unnecessary. Older generations wished their sex education normalized their identities, while Generation Z and Millennials reported wanting more information on safe sex and/or sexual violence prevention. Findings from this study can inform the development of tailored sexual health education programs for LGBTQ+ individuals, particularly considering that current programming may not be different compared to the sex education received by earlier generations.

How does the Dramatic Theology Approach to Purgatory Contribute to the Idea of Merciful Justice in the Case of Sexual Abuse in the Church?

In cases of serious and complex sexual abuse, the exercise of mercy raises serious controversies and problems regarding the justice that victims of sexual violence deserve. Merciful justice is the idea that under certain conditions it is justified to exercise mercy to the extent that it does more good than harm and does not cause injustice to the victim. Restorative justice, forgiveness, and reconciliation are conditions that allow for the exercise of merciful justice in cases of sexual abuse. Merciful justice is possible in sexual abuse cases when all three conditions are achieved (through long, complicated, and arduous stages and processes). This article offers the idea that the Dramatic Theology approach to purgatory helps to deepen the idea of merciful justice in specific cases of sexual abuse in the Catholic Church. Keywords: Merciful Justice, Dramatic Theology, Purgatory, Restorative Justice, Forgiveness, Reconciliation.

Pemenuhan Hak Korban Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual dikaitkan dengan UU TPKS

Sexual violence is an act carried out through coercion that aims to fulfill the desires of the perpetrator regardless of the status of the relationship with the victim. Cases of sexual violence certainly have a negative effect on the victims. News about sexual crimes can easily be disseminated, especially since the world has entered the 4.0 era where all information can be easily disseminated using the internet and technology. So based on this, many of the victims are silent about the incident that happened to them because they are afraid that the negative impact will spread widely so that the victim will get ostracized in society. The purpose of this journal is to analyze the fulfillment of the rights of victims of crimes against sexual violence associated with the Law on Crimes of Sexual Violence. This journal method uses a qualitative type. The results of the analysis of this journal are that Law Number 12 of 2022 Articles 66-70 describes the rights of TPKS victims. Some of the rights of victims that are used as a scope include protecting victims from criminal prosecution, protecting against loss of access to politics, education, job transfers, and jobs, protecting victims from law enforcement officials if there is an act of demeaning officials, keeping the victim's identity confidential, protecting victims from violence or the perpetrator's threats, protection information is properly provided in accessing it, and provides protection facilities as well as information about victims' rights.

Differences in Risk for Sexual Violence Protocol (RSVP) risk factors among older and adult men who have sexually offended

ABSTRACT Ageing has a protective impact on recidivism risk, including for those who offend sexually (Ambroziak, G., Kahn, R. E., Mundt, J. C., Keiser, K. L., & Thornton, D. (2020). Are civilly detained and committed sexually violent persons released after age 60 low risk? Criminal Justice and Behavior, 48(7), 981–998; Doren, D. M. (2006). What do we know about the effect of aging on recidivism risk for sexual offenders? Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 18; Harris, G. T., & Rice, M. E. (2007). Adjusting actuarial violence risk assessments based on aging or the passage of time. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34(3), 297–313). Recent research of the Risk for Sexual Violence Protocol (RSVP) suggests increased age may affect the validity of this guideline, with good predictive performance in samples of men mostly aged under 50 (Davis, M. R., Woods, M., Raymond, B., Ogloff, J. R. P., & McEwan, T. E. (in submission). Does it work? Convergent and predictive validity of the Risk for Sexual Violence Protocol (RSVP) in an Australian Community Forensic Mental Health Setting. Manuscript submitted for publication; Vargen, L. M., Jackson, K. J., & Hart, S. D. (2020). Interrater reliability, concurrent validity, and predictive validity of the Risk for Sexual Violence Protocol. Law and Human Behavior, 44(1), 37–50), but poor predictive performance in a sample aged over 50 (Raymond, B. C., Davis, M. R., Ogloff, J. R. P., & McEwan, T. E. (in submission). Convergent and predictive validity of the sexual violence risk-20 and risk for sexual violence protocol with older sexual offenders. Manuscript submitted for publication). This study investigated possible reasons for these contrasting results by investigating age-related differences in risk factor endorsement and the relationships between risk factors. RSVP risk factors in two samples of men with prior sexual offending, older adults aged between 50 and 78 (n = 95) and adults aged between 18 and 46 (n = 139). Few differences were identified in risk factor endorsement or the relationship between risk factors. The younger adult sample were observed to have more risk factors present. PRACTICE IMPACT STATEMENT This research adds to the literature regarding older men who offend sexually. It is anticipated that further research into factors that are associated with this age group, may encourage future research of gerontological literature in a forensic arena. Until more reliable evidence is available, the current risk assessment tools may require a level of caution when used with older men.