Administrative Ranks Research Articles

Land Misallocation and Urban Green Innovation: From the Perspective of Asymmetrical Innovation Theory

ABSTRACTAs the conflict between economic growth and environmental pollution intensifies, green innovation is gradually recognized as a pivotal strategy for promoting sustainable urban development. The unique institution is an important asymmetric resource for innovation activities, so delving into China's land institutional context represents a significant direction for both the theoretical understanding and practical application research of innovation in China. The existing framework inadequately explores the nexus between land misallocation (LM) and urban green innovation (UGI) and fails to reveal the underlying transmission mechanism fully. To bridge this gap, this paper utilizes city‐level data from China spanning 2007 to 2020, takes an asymmetric innovation perspective, and empirically tests the impact of two types of land misallocation, industrial LM and sectoral LM, on the relationship between UGI. The results reveal that LM has a significantly direct negative impact on UGI in China. The results are still robust after changing the sample size, substituting explanatory variables, replacing regression models, and running endogeneity tests. Additionally, the negative impact of LM exhibits heterogeneity within sectors and cities of different economic levels, administrative ranks, and dominant industries. The mechanism testing results indicate that LM affects UGI through structural, scale, and agglomeration effects. These conclusions enrich the literature on the impact of institutions on urban green innovation and provide valuable insights into the sustainable development of cities.

Mentoring Women in Corrections: Encouraging the Next Corrections Executive

Mentoring can positively influence the mentee, the mentor, and the organization in which both are employed. Mentoring can help employees to overcome workplace challenges, including barriers to advancement, while increasing job satisfaction, enhancing career development, and producing a greater sense of value within the organization, often leading to increased productivity. While mentoring clearly has a multitude of benefits, women have traditionally had difficulty establishing mentorships in the workplace, which appear especially problematic in traditionally male-dominated careers, such as corrections. Based on surveys and interviews with members of the Association of Women Executives in Corrections (AWEC), this study investigates the role of mentorship in women’s advancement within corrections departments. Data show that support, particularly from one’s supervisor, is critical as women consider advancement, regardless of the supervisor’s gender. These results imply that when there are few women in the administrative ranks, limiting the opportunity for female mentorship, women can find equally effective mentorship from male superiors. Moreover, mentorships do not necessarily have to be formalized to be effective and can develop from outside one’s department when none exist within. Corrections agencies interested in diversifying their administrative ranks should plan to establish more opportunities to foster mentoring relationships, which would benefit all employees.

Smart city and green innovation: Mechanisms and industrial emission reduction effect

Green innovation is essential for environmentally sustainable development. The construction of smart cities offers significant potential for developing green innovation through optimizing urban administration and improving the allocation of critical resources. Using Chinese city data from 2005 to 2019, this study adopts a causal identification framework based on the multi-temporal difference-in-difference method to explore the impact of smart city construction on green innovation and the mechanism and joint industrial emission reduction effect between them. A positive and significant relationship with a weak inverted U-shaped trend was found between smart city construction and green innovation. Besides the direct channel, labor factor allocation, venture capital attractiveness, and market accessibility are essential indirect channels between the two concepts. Furthermore, the effects of smart city construction on green innovation varied depending on the marketization level, administrative rank, population size, and geographic location of the city. In addition, the interaction of the two constructs negatively affected industrial emissions, which helped optimize the environment. These findings suggest that smart city construction offers a digital dividend for developing green innovation and creating an efficient, sustainable environment.

Spatial Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Intercity Innovative Competition Relations in China

In the knowledge economy era, innovation has become a key emphasis for urban competitions. This paper constructs a theoretical research framework that integrates the basic understandings, influencing factors and ensuing results of intercity innovative competition relations. On the basis of data from the general programs of the National Natural Science Foundation of China from 2005 to 2019, this paper constructs intercity innovative competition relations in China, analyses their spatial distribution and quantitative characteristics, and quantitatively investigates the impact of urban innovation capacity and multidimensional proximity (e.g., geographical proximity, institutional proximity and cognitive proximity) on intercity innovative competition relations through a negative binomial model. The study obtained the following findings: (1) In terms of the overall intercity innovative competition relations, the intensity of China’s intercity innovative competition relations gradually increased from 2005 to 2019, with a spatial clustering towards cities with high administrative ranks (e.g., municipalities directly under the central government, sub-provincial cities and provincial capitals); Beijing is always at the centre of innovative competition relations, but its standing has slightly slipped in recent years. (2) From the perspective of disciplines, cities can become benchmarks in particular fields of innovative competitions by competing according to their disciplinary strengths; intercity innovative competition relations in China vary across various academic disciplines. (3) In terms of influencing factors, urban innovation capacity has significant positive effects on intercity innovative competition relations; geographical proximity, institutional proximity and cognitive proximity all have significant positive effects on innovative competition relations; and interactions occur between multidimensional proximities, including a complementary effect between geographical proximity and institutional proximity, a substitutive effect between cognitive proximity and geographical proximity, and a substitutive effect between cognitive proximity and institutional proximity.

ڕۆڵی دادوەرەکان لە بواری سیاسی و سەربازی و کارگێڕی لە هەرێمی جەزیرەی فوراتی (٣٣٤-٥٩٠ک/ ٩٤٥-١١٩٣ز )

In different times of the authorities of Jazira Fwrati Region, Judges have played sisignificantoles in political events and resolving conflicts. This role sometimes played b positively and sometimes negatively even profProfessionallynot his mission, however, he would involved and become a part of the city’s problem. From that aspect, usually, they advised the authorities and their speeches have been taken into account in the political and military fields. Often, they had been sent as diplomatic envoys to the Abbasid Caliphate or the authorities of the Islamic State. The judges were prrepresenthe new authority begin to work, the judges participated in giving the confidconfidencee authority. Moreover, they played in the administrative field and they have high administrative ranks at different ttimes in the Jazira Fwrati Region. They are the assistant of the authorities to organize the administration field because the judges except for the judge’sopposition have several administrative positions and can manage them successfully.

Can officials with mismatched higher administrative rank promote local economic development?——evidence from the prefecture-level cities in China

ABSTRACT Using the data at the prefecture-level city from 1999 to 2019, we study the impact of officials with mismatched higher administrative rank on regional economic development. The study found that the high-level configuration of officials can significantly promote regional economic development. On average, the concurrent appointment of a provincial standing committee member as the municipal party secretary at the prefecture-level city can increase the GDP of the municipality by 9.1%. The mechanism analysis shows that increased transfer payment from up-level government and increased investment in regional fixed asset are the main reasons for the economic growth. Further analysis reveals that the economic growth effect of high-level configuration of officials is heterogeneous in terms of promotion pressure and the development stage of prefecture-level cities, the higher the promotion pressure of officials and the lower the per capita development level of prefecture-level cities, the greater the role of officials with mismatched higher administrative rank in promoting economic growth.

City size, administrative rank, and Rural–Urban migration in China

City size, administrative rank, and Rural–Urban migration in China

Impact of Digital Finance on Industrial Green Transformation: Evidence from the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Profound changes in information technology have resulted in the rapid development of the digital economy, digitalizing the financial sector and deepening green reforms. Consequently, digital finance has become an important driving force of green development. Using the entropy value method and the global super-efficiency slacks-based measure model, this paper measures the extent of digital finance and industrial green transformation in 108 prefecture-and-higher-level cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2011 to 2020. It empirically examines the effects and impact mechanisms of digital finance development on industrial green transformation based on the two-way fixed effects, mediated effects, and spatial econometric models. Digital finance can significantly drive industrial green transformation, and this finding remains robust to the exclusion of macro-systematic effects and robustness tests like the introduction of instrumental variables. Digital finance has a positive spatial spillover effect on industrial green transformation. Industrial structure upgrading and green technology innovation are the key ways in which digital finance impacts industrial green transformation; their respective mediating effect contribution rates are 18.70% and 20.93%. In the context of the impact of digital finance on industrial green transformation, significant heterogeneity was observed across regions, the administrative rank of cities, and the degree of developed traditional finance. Based on these conclusions, this paper presents policy recommendations like giving full play to digital finance’s green driving effect, optimizing digital finance’s green empowerment mechanism, implementing regional industrial green differentiated development based on local policies, and encouraging support for green innovation pilots.

Decentralization in Neopatrimonial Democracy: Advantages, Disadvantages and the Path to Potential Peace

In many authoritarian countries of the world, rulers proclaim that the current regime is a model of liberal democracy. Its most significant flaw, however, is that it does not actually exist. This discrepancy between the supposed democratic leadership and reality is due to the neopatrimonial nature of the current political systems. Neopatrimonialism appears to be a hybrid model in which state structures, laws, and rules formally exist but are overridden by informal politics, networks of patronage, kinship, and tribalism. Rather than being organized according to merit, social functions, or administrative rank, the neopatrimonial regime finds its stability in bonds of loyalty to those at the top of the political hierarchy. Often, decentralisation reforms are initiated to overcome this crisis and stalemate. Their result is not always unambiguous, and the resulting effect corresponds to widely advertised expectations. In this context, this study examines the peculiarities of decentralisation reforms and their results in the countries with neopatrimonial democracy. Special attention is paid to the advantages and disadvantages of delegating part of state powers and authority to the local level, as well as its possibilities in achieving peace and resolving conflicts. The results suggest that, ideally, decentralisation generally contributes to an inclusive world where different groups can access power and are included in governance. In practice, however, this result is not always achieved because of the weak institutionalisation of the party system, the lack of transparency in government, and an underdeveloped civil society. The paper examines in detail the specifics of neopatrimonialism in its theoretical and methodological dimension. In addition, emphasis is placed on the potential of decentralisation to contribute to the peaceful resolution of conflicts in a country or — given weak social and political institutions, on the contrary, to increase uncertainty and the threat of military confrontation. A positive example of decentralisation in a neo-patrimonial democracy is seen in the Republic of Kazakhstan, where reforms aimed at changing the contour of the political system, namely constitutional changes affecting, among other things, the powers of the president, were introduced in 2022–2023. The successes in the implementation of constitutional reform in the country are outlined, and the key foundations of successful delegation of powers and separation of powers are highlighted. Using Kazakhstan as an example, the experience of democratisation through the prism of political and socio-economic transformations is examined. The conclusions of the article contain the thesis that depending on the totality of circumstances, peculiarities of political culture, the structure of the power apparatus, etc., the process of decentralisation in neopatrimonial regimes can be both effective and weakly expressed, aimed at strengthening the concentration of power by the ruling elite.

Order of Power in China’s Courts

AbstractThis article presents a theory of the order of power to explain the dynamics and interaction between the political and legal orders in China’s courts. This theory posits that the political order is embodied in the extensive administrative ranking system (ARS) of the People’s Republic of China and has a systematic impact on the legal order regardless of the subject matter. The ARS is a system that regulates power relations between various institutional and personal actors in all key power fields, including courts. According to this theory, power, as stratified by the ARS, relativizes law during the processes of legal implementation, application, and enforcement. This theory provides a coherent explanation of judicial behavioural patterns in different subject matters, such as the centralization of criminal investigations in some crimes but not others, the distribution of corruption in China’s courts, and the outcome patterns of administrative litigation. Whilst the conventional wisdom sees that the political and the legal orders in China’s courts are partitioned based on the subject matter, this theory asserts the opposite: the impact of the political order is systemic, comprehensive, and applicable to the entire legal field. This article fills a knowledge gap in Chinese law and politics, where the ARS has received little attention except for recent studies on administrative litigation. The article also identifies two overlooked but distinctive features of the ARS—its multidimensionality and interconnectivity—our understanding of which is disproportionately poor in relation to their significance.

Reading on the Dark Side: Or, the Productive Pleasures of the Scholarly Administrator

ABSTRACT This article builds on the models of the teacher-scholar and the public scholar to delineate the role of the scholarly administrator. Literary studies faculty members who transition to the administrative ranks face obstacles to continuing their scholarly research and writing, and Johnsen argues that such administrators should persevere in their efforts as these can serve ethical, civic, and institutional progress. Reading is the foundation for this work, and scholarly administrators should read widely for pleasure and productivity. Sources include literary criticism on women’s writing, crime fiction, and mass observation along with personal experience as faculty member and academic affairs administrator.

Does limited decentralization of environmental enforcement power improve air quality? Quasi-experimental evidence from China

Utilizing the Comprehensive Environmental Administrative Enforcement Reform (CEAER) in China as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper has adopted 179 prefecture-level cities from July 2018 to December 2020 as research sample to assess whether the limited decentralization of environmental enforcement power can improve air quality through a time-varying difference-in-difference (DID) approach. Results show that CEAER can achieve better air quality improving effects, which can not only contribute to the decrease of daily mean values of Air Quality Index (AQI), but also contribute to the decrease of daily mean values of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and CO. And this promotion is mainly achieved through the micro mechanism of raising environmental penalties strength. Further examination of the heterogeneity in terms of economic factors, city rank, pollution abatement pressure, and political constraints reveals that CEAER's policy effects are mostly insignificant in cities with higher levels of economic development and administrative rank, and positively significant in poor historical air quality cities and key environmental protection cities. These results underscore the positive effects of the limited decentralization of environmental enforcement power and provide ideas for other regions to draw on for environmental management system reform.

The effects of smart city construction on urban green total factor productivity: evidence from China

As a new urbanization mode, smart cities provide a way to achieve the mutually beneficial situation of both economic development and environmental protection. As such, the question of whether and how smart-city construction can promote the high-quality development of urban economies is worth considering. By measuring the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of 233 cities in China from 2004–2019, this paper adopts the national pilot smart cities of China as a quasi-experiment and constructs a time-varying DID model to explore the direct, dynamic, and heterogeneity influence of smart-city construction on GTFP. The results indicate the following: (1) Smart-city construction can significantly promote the urban GTFP, which is mainly caused by the progress of green technology, and the effect is robust after a series of robustness tests; (2) smart-city construction can contribute to GTFP improvement primarily through accelerating technological innovation, promoting industrial upgrading, and realizing resource allocation optimization; and (3) smart cities that are larger in scale, have a higher administrative rank, and lie in eastern regions have stronger positive effects on GTFP. This study aims to contribute to the promotion of urban sustainable development.

Green-production transitions and hazardous industrial discharge: A regional case study from China.

Green production, which reduces hazardous industrial discharges per unit output, is promoted throughout China. The Environmental Kuznets Curve suggests a negative correlation between hazardous industrial discharge and economic growth due to green innovation. This study expanded the EKC framework by including heterogeneity in evaluating the relationship between hazardous industrial discharges and economic growth to reflect green transformation. Administrative ranking disparity is identified as one of the fundamental driving forces of green production transition in a developing country. Building on an enriched EKC framework, we used a spatial estimation model to exclude spatial effects and obtained accurate estimates of the classified regions. The modified research method was used to examine whether industrial pollution has been reduced in 267 cities and towns in China from 2007 to 2021. Environmental protection performance was examined to estimate whether there is a switch to green manufacturing. As industrial hazards are of different types, the author sought to determine whether there was a decrease in industrial sulphur dioxide emissions, wastewater, solid waste, or dust, even though more industrial hazards were recycled than before. The spatial estimates indicated that (a) the national level of pollution remains positively linked with the total output, and every percentage of output growth increases sulphur dioxide emissions by 444.573 tons; (b) a positive relationship between economic growth and wastewater is altered by environmental protection in cities, while the general decoupling between economic growth and other types of industrial pollution, such as solid waste and industrial dust, was not observed; (c) growth in the southeast was decoupled from sulphur emissions, and its sulphur dioxide production per unit of output increased to 0.021 tons. Sulphur dioxide emissions per unit of economic growth along the southeast coast were 379. 048 tons, which was well below the overall average of 444.573 tons. High-income towns along the southeast coast have achieved clean production breakthroughs, realising a 15% reduction in industrial sulphur dioxide emissions by 2021. Although there were signs of a shift toward clean manufacturing in high administrative ranking cities, most regions of China are transitioning to environmentally friendly manufacturing and suffer from the hardships of green production transformation.

Impact of Accessibility to Cities at Multiple Administrative Levels on Soil Conservation: A Case Study of Hunan Province.

The development of traffic infrastructure involves massive land use changes along the transportation routes and stimulates urban sprawl at transfer nodes, leading to a degradation in ecosystem services, including soil conservation. For developing countries, especially for China, it is very important to differentiate the influences between different standards of traffic infrastructure associated with the different administrative levels of the regions where they are constructed on soil conservation. In this study, we attempt to analyze the differences in the influence of accessibility at different levels on soil conservation, for the case study area in Hunan province in China. The results indicate that: (1) traffic conditions in Hunan province have witnessed continuous improvement, and the time taken to access mega-cities, prefecture-level cities, and county-level cities from various regions has been significantly reduced. (2) The total annual soil conservation in Hunan province is maintained at approximately 2.93 × 109 t. However, the spatial heterogeneity shows severe degradation in regions with lower accessibility, and weak enhancement in regions with higher accessibility. (3) A negative spatial autocorrelationship exists between accessibility and soil conservation at all levels, with the increase of administrative rank of the destination making it more obvious and intense, along with an increased tendency for the spatial distribution to concentrate. (4) Building more railways and highways from prefecture-level cities with LH clusters nearby as transfer nodes, instead of the construction of national roads and provincial roads that diverge from these railways and highways, will help limit the massive expansion of construction land and soil erosion within prefecture-level cities, rather than spreading to towns of LH clusters. This research provides an important scientific basis for future regional planning and traffic infrastructure construction, and also a reference for traffic infrastructure development in other geographically similar regions on a synchronous development stage in the world.

Level of knowledge on low-dose CT lung cancer screening in Sichuan province, China: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesLow-dose CT (LDCT) can help determine the early stage of lung cancer and reduce mortality. However, knowledge of lung cancer and lung cancer screening among community residents and medical workers,...

Celalis in an Ottoman Capital; Celali Invasion in Bursa and Its Destruction

Dünyada ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda birçok değişim ve dönüşümün yaşandığı 17. yüzyıl Osmanlı Anadolu’sunda hemen her sınıftan insanın katıldığı Celâli İsyanları denilen şiddet sarmalı ortaya çıkmıştır. Her ne kadar tek bir hedef etrafında toplanmasalar da Celâli İsyanlarının temelinde katılımcılarının daha iyi yaşam koşullarına kavuşma arzusunun yattığı düşünülebilir. Bu doğrultuda daha iyi mevkilere ulaşmak isteyen Celâliler için Bursa devlet ile önemli bir pazarlık unsuru olmuştur. Siyasi, kültürel ve ekonomik açılardan önde gelen Bursa, 1607’de Kalenderoğlu Mehmed’in lideri olduğu Celâlilerce istila edilmiştir. Bu süre zarfında Kalenderoğlu’nun elçileri İstanbul’a giderek ona yeni bir idari görev verilmesi için pazarlığa oturmuşlardır. Yaklaşık iki ay süren istila boyunca şehrin doğusunun büyük kısmı tahrip edilmiştir. Bursa Şer’iye sicillerinden elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda hazırlanan bu çalışmada tahribatın genel kanının aksine büyük olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca tahrip edilen yapılar haritalandırılarak Celâli istilasının Bursa’daki izleri sürülmeye çalışılmıştır.

Assessing urban vitality and its determinants in high-speed rail station areas in the Yangtze River Delta, China

Unlike most city centers in countries that pioneer European high-speed rail (HSR) lines, HSR stations in China have mainly been developed in suburban areas. The rationale for peripherally located HSR stations is due to development costs and intentions to speed up urbanization and develop new suburbs. However, it remains unknown whether the HSR-led urban development policy is effective as intended, despite the rise of HSR area suburbs. Taking the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) as an example, this study assesses HSR station area urban vitality (SAUV). It constructs an indicator system comprised of concentration, accessibility, liveability, and diversity of physical facilities and socioeconomic activities. It compares the rank-size distribution of urban vitality in different station types: conventional rail (CR), upgraded-HSR, and newly built HSR stations. The spatial differentiation and influence factors of SAUV in the YRD are further examined among cities and provinces of different station types and HSR lines. The results show that station areas with high urban vitality are mainly distributed along major economic corridors. Only a few newly built HSR stations could attract vibrant urban activities. More vibrant economic activities could be clustered in HSR station areas in provincial-level cities and along the Shanghai-Nanjing HSR line. Although the SAUV value is strongly associated with local socioeconomic contexts, it is significantly influenced by the administrative rank of cities, station-city transit connectivity, and frequency of train services. This study suggests that integrating multilevel spatial planning with vitality-led urban development is necessary for the sustainability of the HSR economy.

Unraveling the dynamic changes of high-speed rail network with urban development: Evidence from China

Previous studies have used complex network theory to examine the characteristics of China's High-Speed Rail (HSR). Nevertheless, little attention is paid to China's HSR network's dynamic evolution and the coevolution of node attributes and embedded structural characteristics. Our study builds China's HSR network using a complex network approach and spatial analysis technique to address this issue. Additionally, we employ a stochastic actor-oriented model (SAOM) to properly decompose the three types of effects on the generation of China's HSR network (i.e., network structure, attribute-based similarity, and exogenous control variables). This study discusses the underlying hypotheses and indicates that 3-cycles is a critical structural factor for the formation of China's HSR network. In terms of the effects of attribute-based similarity, cities with similar Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and geographical proximity are essential nodal drivers for the evolution of the HSR network. Notably, the administrative rank of cities exhibits a significantly negative driving force and a alter effect. These findings shed light on the interactive process of urban regional development and the dynamic evolution of the HSR network, assisting the central and local governments in enacting and implementing appropriate HSR planning policies, ultimately achieving effective urban planning and management. • The 3-cycles has a positive effect on the formation of the HSR network. • Similar GDP and geographical proximity of cities are critical drivers for the HSR. • Urban rank exhibits a significantly negative driving force and a alter effect.

State‐owned enterprises' political capital, city administrative rank and economic resources acquisition: Empirical evidence from Chinese capital markets

This paper examines the impact of Chinese State‐Owned Enterprises' (SOE) corporate political capital and the administrative rank of the city where the firm is located on their ability to acquire economic resources. The study found that the stronger the political capital owned by SOEs and the higher the administrative rank of the cities in which SOEs were located, the easier it was for them to obtain more loans and subsidies. We also found that as the city administrative rank increased, the positive effect of SOEs' political capital on economic resources acquisition also increased. When SOEs were divided into commercial competitive versus specific functional enterprises, the administrative rank of the city in which the enterprise was located played a significant positive role in obtaining economic resources for commercial competitive enterprises, while the role of their political capital played a limited role. For specific functional enterprises, their own political capital played the more significant positive role. This paper expands the research scope of corporate political connections with a new perspective.