Range Of Fiber Diameters Research Articles

Evoked Potentials Recorded From the Spinal Cord During Neurostimulation for Pain: A Computational Modeling Study

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for pain is typically implemented in an open-loop manner using parameters that remain largely unchanged. To improve the overall efficacy and consistency of SCS, one closed-loop approach proposes to use evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) recorded from the SCS lead(s) as a feedback control signal to guide parameter selection. The goal of this study was to use a computational modeling approach to investigate the source of these ECAP recordings and technical and physiological factors that affect their composition. We developed a computational model that coupled a finite element model of lower thoracic SCS with multicompartment models of sensory axons within the spinal cord. We used a reciprocity-based approach to calculate SCS-induced ECAPs recorded from the SCS lead. Our model ECAPs contained a triphasic, P1, N1, P2 morphology. The model P2-N1 amplitudes and conduction velocities agreed with previous experimental data from human subjects. Model results suggested that the ECAPs are dominated by the activation of axons with diameters 8.7-10.0 μm located in the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord. We also observed changes in the ECAP amplitude and shape due to the electrode location relative to the vertebrae and spinal cord. Our modeling results suggest that clinically effective SCS relies on the activation of numerous axons within a narrow fiber diameter range and that several factors affect the composition of the ECAP recordings. These results can improve how we interpret and implement these recordings in a potential closed-loop approach to SCS.

Nanofibrous Composite with Tailorable Electrical and Mechanical Properties for Cardiac Tissue Engineering

AbstractCardiac tissue engineering is a promising strategy to prevent functional deterioration or even to enhance cardiac function upon myocardial infarction. Here, electrospun fiber mats containing different combinations of electrically conductive polyaniline, collagen, and/or hyaluronic acid are assessed regarding material properties and compatibility with cardiomyocyte attachment and function. Microstructure analysis reveals that collagen fiber mats contain a wide range of fiber diameters after crosslinking (from ≈300 nm to ≈5 µm); all other fiber mats contain fibers in the range of ≈120 to ≈300 nm. Fiber mats exhibit comparable electrical conductivity to and greater mechanical properties than the native human myocardium, which is considered beneficial. Cell–matrix interaction analysis utilizing postnatal rat cardiomyocytes reveals that the fiber mats are non‐cytotoxic and permit cell attachment and contraction. Fiber mats containing collagen (9.89%), hyaluronic acid (1.1%), and polyaniline (PANi, 1.34%) exhibit the most favorable properties with longer contraction time, higher contractile amplitude, and lower beating rates. Improved contraction is accompanied by increased connexin 43 expression. Importantly, this fiber mat is a suitable material for human‐induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes regarding cytotoxicity, cell attachment, and function. Collectively, these data demonstrate that fiber mats made of collagen, hyaluronic acid, and polyaniline are promising materials for cardiac tissue engineering.

In vitro cell viability of PHBV/PLGA nanofibrous membrane for tissue engineering

In recent decades, tissue engineering has emerged as an alternative solution to improve the quality of life for patients who suffer from diseases involving loss of tissues. The development of a biocompatible tissue engineering scaffold using nanofibrous membrane has garnered increasing interest in biomedical applications due to its similarity of structural property to the extracellular matrix, which is essential for cell growth. Thus, this study was conducted to fabricate a nanofibrous membrane with small diameter structure using a polymer blend of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and through the electrospinning technique, and to evaluate its biocompatibility with fibroblast cells. The nanofibrous structure was optimized using three different ratios (25:75; 50:50; 75:25) of PHBV/PLGA polymer. Characterization of the nanofibrous membrane was done using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), attenuated total reflection - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and water contact angle (WCA). Biocompatibility evaluation was done by culturing the nanofibrous membrane with human skin fibroblast cells (HSF), then measuring cell viability using MTT and live/dead assays. Results indicated that the nanofibrous membrane obtained a homogeneous morphology at 50:50 ratio with a fiber diameter range of 200 – 1000 nm, had a minimum contact angle of 106.90 ± 4.42°, and good cell viability with HSF. Analyses from the SEM analysis and live/dead assays showed that the cells had proliferated after 7 days. Findings from this study suggest that PHBV/PLGA nanofibrous membrane can be used as a biocompatible artificial scaffold in tissue engineering application.

Cancer Cells Sense Fibers by Coiling on them in a Curvature-Dependent Manner.

SummaryMetastatic cancer cells sense the complex and heterogeneous fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) by formation of protrusions, and our knowledge of how cells physically recognize these fibers remains in its infancy. Here, using suspended ECM-mimicking isodiameter fibers ranging from 135 to 1,000 nm, we show that metastatic breast cancer cells sense fiber diameters differentially by coiling (wrapping-around) on them in a curvature-dependent manner, whereas non-tumorigenic cells exhibit diminished coiling. We report that coiling occurs at the tip of growing protrusions and the coil width and coiling rate increase in a curvature-dependent manner, but time to maximum coil width occurs biphasically. Interestingly, bundles of 135-nm diameter fibers recover coiling width and rate on 1,000-nm-diameter fibers. Coiling also coincides with curvature-dependent persistent and ballistic transport of endogenous granules inside the protrusions. Altogether, our results lay the groundwork to link biophysical sensing with biological signaling to quantitate pro- and anti-invasive fibrous environments.Video

A Composite Hydrogel Scaffold Permits Self-Organization and Matrix Deposition by Cocultured Human Glomerular Cells.

3D scaffolds provide cells with a spatial environment that more closely resembles that of in vivo tissue, when compared to 2D culture on a plastic substrate. However, many scaffolding materials commonly used in tissue engineering tend to exhibit anisotropic morphologies that exhibit a narrow range of fiber diameters and pore sizes, which do not recapitulate extracellular matrices. In this study, a fibrin hydrogel is formed within the interstitial spaces of an electrospun poly(glycolic) acid (PGA) monolith to generate a composite, bimodal scaffold for the coculture of kidney glomerular cell lines. This new scaffold exhibits multiple fiber morphologies, containing both PGA microfibers (14.5 ± 2 µm) and fibrin gel nanofibers (0.14 ± 0.09 µm), which increase the compressive Young's modulus beyond that of either of the constituents. The composite structure provides an enhanced 3D environment that increases proliferation and adhesion of immortalized human podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells. Moreover, the micro/nanoscale fibrous morphology promotes motility and reorganization of the glomerular cells into glomerulus-like structures, resulting in the deposition of organized collagen IV; the primary component of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM).

Fireproof Material Derived from Recycling Incinerator Ash Using Electric-Arc Technique

In this study, municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) ashes were melted by electric-arc technique to produce man-made vitreous fiber (MMVF) using a fiber blowing method. The capacity of 50 kg/h at the pilot level was constructed to treat MSWI ashes and produce MMVF simultaneously. The fibrous derivatives were blended with cement to manufacture fireproof product. The MMVF produced in this work belong to short fiber which the characteristics are presented as follow: (1) fiber diameter range from 5.1 ± 1.2 μm; (2) shot content 6.3±0.8 wt.%; (3) fibrous length ranged from 0.3–3.5 cm. When the amount of MMVF added is at 43 wt.% in fireproof product, the density, porosity, fracture loading and flexural strength are 0.8 g/cm3, 66%, 42 kgf and 98.4 kgf/cm2, respectively. After a series of fireproof test, the fire resistant product had good performance on flammability and incombustibility characteristics. The fireproof product is stable and has satisfactory physical, mechanical and thermal properties.

Melt-electrospinning of poly(ether ether ketone) fibers to avoid sulfonation

We have successfully electrospun un-sulfonated fibers of poly(ether ether ketone), PEEK, from the molten state at 350 °C. Unlike solution electrospinning of PEEK, which produces sulfonated fibers with reduced thermal stability, melt electrospinning produces chemically unaltered PEEK fibers. These fibers are smooth, defect-free, and round in cross-section. Most fiber diameters range from 1.5 μm to 8.5 μm. A large interstitial fiber with diameter reaching up to 100 μm is occasionally deposited at the end of the spin. As-spun oriented amorphous fibers, having diameters less than 10 μm, were selected for fast scanning calorimetric studies of the glass transition and melting behavior. Dynamic fragilities of melt electrospun oriented amorphous PEEK fibers and amorphous PEEK quenched from the molten state, were evaluated according to Moynihan's method of cooling at variable rates then reheating at a fixed rate and were found to be 200 ± 5 and 150 ± 5, respectively. These results suggest that orientation in the amorphous state of electrospun fibers plays a role in the dynamics of glass formation.

Optimization of cellulose nanofiber production from oil palm empty fruit bunch using Trichoderma sp. with the solid state fermentation method

Cellulose nanofibers were isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch by delignification using Marasmius sp. and subsequently treated by solid state fermentation using Trichoderma sp. This method used pH values of 4.8, 5.5, and 7 and temperatures of 28 °C, 32 °C, and 37 °C for 7 d. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and particle size analysis were performed to determine the properties of the isolated cellulose nanofibers. Results showed that chemical analysis by FTIR, lignin was completely removed from the EFB. It was found that the combination of pH 5.5 and incubation temperature 37 °C were favorable for the SSF process to isolate cellulose nanofibers from oil palm EFB fiber. SSF processing resulted in smooth morphological structures, with a fiber diameter range of 32.6 nm to 36.4 nm.

Fabrication of patterned three-dimensional micron scaled core-sheath architectures for drug patches

Recent advances in selective integration of micro and nano-scaled features towards material design have paved way to enhance desirable properties or functions of biomaterials. For drug delivery applications these include improved active component encapsulation, controlled drug release and managed interaction with the intended host environment. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) direct-printing technique is a one-step on demand fiber deposition method which enables precise micron-scaled topographic and structural enhancement during material fabrication. In this study, core-sheath composite fibers comprising polycaprolactone, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and the drug tetracycline hydrochloride were prepared using the coaxial format of EHD direct-printing. Once positioned and aligned; multi-stacked fibers gave rise to patches. Coaxial fiber (diameter range ~13–25 μm) optimization (deposition and integrity) involved parameter-structure (e.g. collector speed, flow rate, working distance and applied voltage) impact analysis. Water contact angle measurements, tensile testing and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze core-sheath integrated patches. In-vitro drug release studies clearly elude to the impact of core-shell and patterned architectures; demonstrating their viability and the forming method as emerging tools for advanced drug delivery system design and fabrication.

Novel zein-based multilayer wound dressing membranes with controlled release of gentamicin.

Recently, functional multilayer scaffolds with controlled drug release ability come into prominence for wound healing applications to mimic the layered structure of skin tissue and prevent the possible infections at the defect site. In this study, controlled antibiotic releasing zein bilayer membranes were fabricated for treatment of acute skin infections. Gentamicin loaded fibers were prepared by electrospinning on the membrane surface. Membranes were characterized with scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle, mechanical analysis, swelling, degradation, and water vapor permeability studies. In vitro cytotoxicity, cell attachment, and proliferation were investigated. Cell attachment on fiber layer was observed with fluorescence imaging. Fabricated fibers showed structural similarity to the skin tissue layers with a fiber diameter range of 350-425 nm and film thickness in the range of 311-361 μm. Mechanical properties were found compatible with the skin tissue. In addition, membranes showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The sustained release was achieved with a cumulative release of 94%. Membranes did not show any cytotoxic effect. NIH/3T3 and HS2 cell lines were proliferated on each layer mimicking the multilayer skin tissue. Hence, zein-based bilayer membrane showed promising properties to be used as a potential antimicrobial wound dressing for skin tissue regeneration. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2057-2070, 2019.

Correlating diameter, mechanical and structural properties of poly(l-lactide) fibres from needleless electrospinning

The development and application of nanofibres requires a thorough understanding of the mechanical properties on a single fibre level including respective modelling tools for precise fibre analysis. This work presents a mechanical and morphological study of poly-l-lactide nanofibres developed by needleless electrospinning. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and micromechanical testing (MMT) were used to characterise the mechanical response of the fibres within a diameter range of 200–1400 nm. Young’s moduli E determined by means of both methods are in sound agreement and show a strong increase for thinner fibres below a critical diameter of 800 nm. Similar increasing trends for yield stress and hardening modulus were measured by MMT. Finite element analyses show that the common practice of modelling three-point bending tests with either double supported or double clamped beams is prone to significant bias in the determined elastic properties, and that the latter is a good approximation only for small diameters. Therefore, an analytical formula based on intermediate boundary conditions is proposed that is valid for the whole tested range of fibre diameters, providing a consistently low error in axial Young’s modulus below 10%. The analysis of fibre morphology by differential scanning calorimetry and 2D wide-angle X-ray scattering revealed increasing polymer chains alignment in the amorphous phase and higher crystallinity of fibres for decreasing diameter. The combination of these observations with the mechanical characterisation suggests a linear relationship between Young’s modulus and both crystallinity and molecular orientation in the amorphous phase. Statement of significanceFibrous membranes have rapidly growing use in various applications, each of which comes with specific property requirements. However, the development and production of nanofibre membranes with dedicated mechanical properties is challenging, in particular with techniques suitable for industrial scales such as needleless electrospinning. It is therefore a key step to understand the mechanical and structural characteristics of single nanofibres developed in this process, and to this end, the present work presents changes of internal fibre structure and mechanical properties with diameter, based on dedicated models. Special attention was given to the commonly used models for analyzing Young’s modulus of single nanofibers in three-point bending tests, which are shown to be prone to large errors, and an improved robust approach is proposed.

Antimicrobial activity of tellurium‐loaded polymeric fiber meshes

ABSTRACTA series of poly(methyl methacrylate) solutions loaded with varying concentrations of tellurium particles are prepared and processed into continuous and smooth microfiber meshes. Scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy are used to study the morphology and surface elemental composition of the composite fibers. Fiber diameters range between 7 and 14 µm with surface nanopores on the fibers ranging between 100 and 200 nm. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy confirmed successful incorporation of tellurium particles into the fibers. The concentration of tellurium in the composite significantly influenced fiber diameter, pore size, and morphology. The antibacterial activity of the prepared fibers is tested using Escherichia coli K12. The fibers are incubated in bacterial suspensions for 24 h at 37 °C and 150 rpm. Antibacterial activity is assessed through the colony‐counting method and is found to be dose dependent. The fibers with 4 wt % tellurium exhibited the most potent antibacterial properties as a 1.16 log reduction was observed. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46368.

Preparation and characterization of gel electrolyte with bacterial cellulose coated with alternating layers of chitosan and alginate for electric double-layer capacitors

A novel gel electrolyte has been prepared using bacterial cellulose (BC) coated with chitosan (CTS) and alginate (Alg) layers, which contain 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMImBF4). The gel electrolyte was optimized for use in solvent-free solid-stage electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). The inoculated BC was oxidized and coated with alternating layers of CTS and Alg via ionic crosslinking to produce the gel electrolytes. The CTS content of the obtained gel electrolytes linearly increased with an increase in the number of CTS and Alg layers on the BC fibers. The results imply that the CTS and Alg layers successfully bound onto each BC fiber, which was consistent with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. Based on a structural analysis, the fabricated gel electrolytes had a nanofibrous structure with a fiber diameter range of approximately 78.6–99.0 nm, a high thermal stability, and a significantly improved tensile strength compared to gel electrolytes of only CTS or Alg. In addition, EDLCs have been fabricated using the new gel electrolyte with activated carbon as the active material. The electrochemical performance of the EDLCs was determined via charge–discharge testing and alternating current impedance measurements. The EDLCs cell with a gel electrolyte of BC coated with 15 layers of CTS and Alg containing EMImBF4 showed a high discharge capacitance, implying that the high affinity of this gel electrolyte for the activated carbon electrode leads to reduced electrode/electrolyte interfacial resistance, which shows the potential of this approach compared with liquid-phase EMImBF4 to obtain high-performance, safety-oriented EDLCs.

Sound attenuation and absorption by anisotropic fibrous materials: Theoretical and experimental study

This paper describes analytical and experimental studies carried out to examine the attenuation and absorption properties of rigidly-backed fibrous anisotropic materials in contact with a uniform mean flow. The aim is to provide insights for the development of non-locally reacting wall-treatments able to dissipate the noise induced by acoustic excitations over in-duct or external lining systems. A model of sound propagation in anisotropic bulk-reacting liners is presented that fully accounts for anisotropic losses due to heat conduction, viscous dissipation and diffusion processes along and across the material fibres as well as for the convective effect of an external flow. The propagation constant for the least attenuated mode of the coupled system is obtained using a simulated annealing search method. The predicted acoustical performance is validated in the no-flow case for a wide range of fibre diameters. They are assessed against impedance tube and free-field pressure-velocity measurements of the normal incidence absorption coefficient and surface impedance. Parametric studies are then conducted to determine the key constitutive parameters such as the fibres orientation or the amount of anisotropy that mostly influence the axial attenuation or the normal absorption. They are supported by a low-frequency approximation to the axial attenuation under a low-speed flow.

Synthesis of silica glass fibers and nanoparticles by continuous-wave laser backside irradiation

We have developed a novel method to synthesize fibers and nanoparticles of silica glass using a continuous-wave laser. The synthesis process operates through continuous-wave laser backside irradiation (CW-LBI) of a glass substrate. In CW-LBI, a spindle-shaped emission is generated in the glass bulk along the optical axis; the emission propagates toward the light source as a confined plasma. The emission and its surroundings contain vaporized and molten glass. When the laser irradiation continues for a sufficient duration, the emission forefront reaches the glass surface, at which point vaporized and molten glass are ejected explosively. The ejected glass forms fibers and nanoparticles. Some of the nanoparticles become attached to the fiber surfaces during the explosion. The fiber diameters range from hundreds of nanometers to more than 10 μm. The particles on the fiber surfaces have diameters of tens of nanometers. A spindle-shaped hole remained in the glass substrate after the ejection, which had a depth of ~3.8 mm. This result indicated that the ejected materials originated from deep inside the glass bulk. High-speed camera observations of the ejection process and scanning electron microscopy of the ejected materials indicated that the fibers formed from the extraction from molten silica glass and particles formed by aggregation of vaporized silica glass.

Antibacterial Electrospun Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Enzymatic Synthesized Poly(catechol) Nanofibrous Midlayer Membrane for Ultrafiltration.

Two different nanofibrous antibacterial membranes containing enzymatically synthesized poly(catechol) (PC) or silver nitrate (AgNO3, positive control) blended with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and electrospun onto a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) basal disc to generate thin-film composite midlayers were produced for water ultrafiltration applications. The developed membranes were thoroughly characterized in terms of morphology, chemical composition, and general mechanical and thermal features, antimicrobial activity, and ultrafiltration capabilities. The electrospun blends were recognized as homogeneous. Data revealed relevant conformational changes in the PVA side groups, attributed to hydrogen bonding, high thermal stability, and residual mass. PVDF+PVA/AgNO3 membrane displayed 100% growth inhibition of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains, despite the wide range of fiber diameters generated, from 24 to 125 nm, formation of numerous beads, and irregular morphology. The PVDF+PVA/PC membrane showed a good growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus (92%) and revealed a smooth morphology with no relevant bead formations and diameters ranging from 68 to 131 nm. The ultrafiltration abilities of the membrane containing PVA/PC were tested in a dead-end high-pressure cell (4 bar) using a reactive dye in distilled water and seawater. After 5 cycles, a maximum rejection of ≈85% with an average flux rate of 70 L m-2 h-1 for distilled water and ≈64% with an average flux rate of 62 L m-2 h-1 for seawater were determined with an overall salt rejection of ≈5%.

A mathematical model to predict the effect of electrospinning processing parameters on the morphological characteristic of nano-fibrous web and associated filtration efficiency

A robust simplified method was developed to study the effect of electrospinning processing parameters on the morphological properties of electrospun nano-fibrous web, its air permeability, and filtration efficiency against aerosol particles. The developed predictive model related the electrospinning processing parameters to the nano-fibrous web properties. The model was validated experimentally and then is used to study the effect of each electrospinning processing parameters (flow rate, electric field, concentration, and time of electrospinning) on the nano-fibrous web properties. For example, it is shown that only 20min of electrospinning is able to reduce the air permeability by 66% while one hour of electrospinning coating time is able to increase the filtration efficiency to reach 100% for a range of aerosol particle diameters from 300 to 1000nm. The validated systematic model is used for developing design charts that allow the determination of the desired air permeability and the filtration performance of the nano-fibrous web from the electrospinning parameters and vice versa within a wide range of feasible processing parameters and fiber diameters.

* Meltblown Polymer Fabrics as Candidate Scaffolds for Rotator Cuff Tendon Tissue Engineering.

Various biomaterial technologies are promising for tissue engineering, including electrospinning, but commercial scale-up of throughput is difficult. The goal of the study was to evaluate meltblown fabrics as candidate scaffolds for rotator cuff tendon tissue engineering. Meltblown poly(lactic acid) fabrics were produced with several polymer crystallinities and airflow velocities [500(low), 900(medium) or 1400(high) m3air/h/m fabric]. Fiber diameter, alignment, and baseline bidirectional tensile mechanical properties were evaluated. Attachment and spreading of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) were evaluated over 3 days immediately following seeding. After initial screening, the fabric with the greatest Young's modulus and yield stress was selected for 28-day in vitro culture and for evaluation of tendon-like extracellular matrix production and development of mechanical properties. As expected, airflow velocity of the polymer during meltblowing demonstrated an inverse relationship with fiber diameter. All fabrics exhibited fiber alignment parallel to the direction of collector rotation. All fabrics demonstrated mechanical anisotropy at baseline. Cells attached, proliferated, and spread on all fabrics over the initial three-day culture period. Consistent with the observed loss of integrity of the unseeded biomaterial, hASC-seeded scaffolds demonstrated a significant decrease in Young's modulus over 28 days of culture. However, dsDNA, sulfated glycosaminoglycan, and collagen content increased significantly over 28 days. Histology and polarized light microscopy demonstrated collagen deposition and alignment throughout the thickness of the scaffolds. While fiber diameters approximated an order of magnitude greater than those previously reported for electrospun scaffolds intended for tendon tissue engineering, they were still within the range of collagen fiber diameters found in healthy tendon. The extent of matrix production and alignment was similar to that previously observed for multilayered electrospun scaffolds. While the Young's modulus of scaffolds after 28 days of culture was lower than native rotator cuff tendon, it approximated that reported previously following culture of electrospun scaffolds and was on the same order of magnitude as of current Food and Drug Administration-approved patches for rotator cuff augmentation. Together, these data suggest that with minor polymer and parameter modifications, meltblown scaffolds could provide an economical, high-throughput production alternative method to electrospinning for use in rotator cuff tendon tissue engineering.

Reactive Inkjet Printing Applications for Tissue Engineering

A crosslinking agent (glutaraldehyde) was selectively inkjet printed at predetermined locations onto a sheet of virgin gelatin and washed to create biocompatible scaffolds of bespoke shapes. Fibroblasts were seeded onto these scaffolds and were shown to proliferate with no detrimental effects for 3 days compared to controls. This method of creating biocompatible scaffolds takes advantage of inkjet printing's ability to create complicated designs without compromise at a range of fibre diameters from as thin as 80µm. Fibroblasts were seen to cover the entire surface. Future research will be focused on using such technology in nerve repair.

Aqueous electrospinning of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline): Mapping the parameter space

Recently, poly(2-oxazoline)s have regained significant interest and research has especially been focusing on biomedical applications. As non-woven nanofibrous mats show appealing features in this respect, the potential and limitations of electrospinning aqueous solutions of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx), the only poly(2-oxazoline) produced on industrial scale (i.e. Aquazol®) so far, was evaluated. The polymer molecular weight appeared to be the dominant factor defining the optimal concentration range for successful nanofiber production. The molar mass distribution, i.e. the dispersity (Ð), is relevant as well. However, it is not a limiting factor as defined PEtOx (Ð<1.2) could be electrospun without major adaptations to the electrospinning procedure that was optimized for the commercial grades of Aquazol® with Ð of 3–4. By varying the PEtOx molecular weight and concentration, a broad range of fiber diameters can be targeted. Furthermore, we demonstrated the transferability of the PEtOx electrospinning parameters and the reproducibility of the resulting fiber diameters by repeating the experiments on an independent mononozzle electrospinning device, by a different operator. In order to fulfil all prerequisites for industrialization, we also demonstrated the feasibility for upscaling the PEtOx nanofiber production process using a pilot scale multinozzle electrospinning set-up.