Random Effects Regression Models Research Articles

Does Online Dating Challenge Gendered Divisions of Household Labor?

Abstract Online dating has modified how people find and select partners. In addition to outcomes already observed (e.g., exogamy), we argue that by subverting normative dating scripts, online courtship practices may set the course for partnerships that display more egalitarian divisions of routine household labor. This may be particularly true for the married and for lower-educated women, who generally report the least egalitarian allocation of domestic work. Furthermore, we posit that the relationship between meeting context and household labor will be partially explained by the selectivity of those who search for partners online but also by mechanisms specific to online dating that allow for greater relationship quality. We use 2008–2019 German Family Panel (pairfam) data in random-effects regression models to predict sharing of routine housework among women in marital and cohabiting opposite-sex unions (N = 3305). We find that meeting online is associated with greater sharing of housework for married women with lower-education, and that the link is robust even after accounting for observed selection into online dating via entropy balancing weights. Contrary to expectations, partnership quality has no mediating effect. Much of the positive association remains unexplained, suggesting that the different ways men and women negotiate power in the dating phase in digital versus non-digital partner markets may indeed play a role in how gender is enacted later on.

The Impact of Working Capital Management on Profitability: Evidence from Non-Financial Firms Listed in NEPSE

Efficient working capital management (WCM) is expected to contribute positively to the firm's profitability. With the aim of analyzing the impact of WCM on the profitability of non-financial firms listed in NEPSE, this paper has used current ratio (CR), debt ratio (TDTA), current assets to total assets (CATA), current liabilities to total assets ratio (CLCA) and inventory conversion period (ICP), receivable conversion period (RCP), payable deferral period (PDP), and cash conversion cycle (CCC) as the measures of WCM. This paper has used annual panel data of 12 non-financial NEPSE-listed firms from 2005/06 to 2019/20. Based on the result of the Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian multiplier and Hausman tests, the study found the Random Effect model as the appropriate regression model. Using the Random Effect regression model, this paper has found the significant impact of WCM on profitability. Likewise, this paper found a significant negative impact of the current ratio (CR) and debt ratio (TDTA) and a significant positive impact of the ratio of current assets to total assets (CATA) on profitability. Further, the finding also reveals that there is an insignificant negative impact of the inventory conversion period (ICP) and receivable conversion period (RCP) and an insignificant positive impact of the payables deferral period (PDP). Thus, this paper concludes that Nepalese non-financial firm can increase their profitability by decreasing the current ratio (CR) and debt ratio (TDTA) and increasing the ratio of current assets to total assets (CATA).

Intellectual Capital and Shareholders’ Wealth. The Economic Value Added Approach

The role of intangible assets such as intellectual capital promoting corporate competitiveness and further shareholders’ value has attracted attention in the finance literature. This study investigated intellectual capital efficiency as a source of creating shareholders’ wealth in Nigeria. To achieve the study's aim, correlational research design was adopted. The study’s data were collected from content analysis of financial statements of listed service companies in Nigeria. The sample used in this study includes 17 service firms listed on the Nigeria Exchange Group from 2011 to 2022. The VAIC model was utilized to estimate intellectual capital. Descriptive statistics were conducted while some diagnostic tests were piloted before the regression analysis. The random effect regression model was used to verify whether the studied variables impact shareholders’ wealth of listed service companies in Nigeria. Findings indicated that value added intellectual coefficient as a measure of intellectual capital has a significant positive association with shareholders’ wealth. Results further revealed that human capital efficiency, relational capital efficiency and capital employed efficiency (as components of intellectual capital) are significantly and positively associated with shareholders’ wealth while structural capital efficiency has a positive but not significant relationship with shareholders’ wealth creation. The study concludes that efficient management of intellectual capital can enhance shareholders’ wealth in listed service companies in Nigeria and recommends amongst others that firms should make strategic plans regarding intellectual capital and intangible assets as it can increase corporate competitive advantage.

Agreement between self-reported illicit drug use and biological samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Studies often rely on self-report and biological testing methods for measuring illicit drug use, yet evidence for their agreement is limited to specific populations and self-report instruments. We aimed to examine comprehensively the evidence for agreement between self-reported and biologically measured illicit drug use across all major illicit drug classes, biological indicators, populations, and settings. We systematically searched peer-reviewed databases (Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO) and grey literature. Included studies reported 2x2 table counts or agreement estimates comparing self-reported and biologically measured use published up to March 2022. With biological results considered the reference standard and use of random effect regression models, we evaluated pooled estimates for overall agreement (primary outcome), sensitivity, specificity, false omission rates (proportion reporting no use that test positive) and false discovery rates (proportion reporting use that test negative) by drug class, potential consequences attached to self-report (i.e., work, legal or treatment impacts), and timeframe of use. Heterogeneity was assessed by inspecting forest plots. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020182499. From 7,924 studies, we extracted data from 207 eligible studies. Overall agreement ranged from good to excellent (>0.79). False omission rates were generally low while false discovery rates varied by setting. Specificity was generally high but sensitivity varied by drug, sample type, and setting. Self-report in clinical trials and situations of no consequences was generally reliable. For urine, recent (i.e., past 1-4 days) self-report produced lower sensitivity and false discovery rates than past month. Agreement was higher in studies that informed participants biological testing would occur (diagnostic odds ratio: 2.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.2-6.9). The main source of bias was biological assessments (51% studies). While there are limitations associated with self-report and biological testing to measure illicit drug use, overall agreement between the two methods is high, suggesting both provide good measures of illicit drug use. Recommended methods of biological testing are more likely to provide reliable measures of recent use if there are problems with self-disclosure. The Australian Government.

Zakat As a Corporate Social Responsibility: How Does It Affect the Financial Performance of Islamic Banks?

Islamic banks should actively engage in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities as part of their moral obligations to contribute to society and surroundings. This study aims to investigate the influence of Zakat contribution, as a proxy of CSR, on the financial performance of Islamic banks in Malaysia. The study used panel-data analysis, whereby the annual reports of 11 local Islamic banks in Malaysia were analyzed over a ten-year period from 2010 to 2019. Fixed- and random-effect regression model analyses were conducted to analyze the results of the study. The findings reveal that there is a positive and significant relationship between Zakat contribution and the financial performance proxied by Return on Asset (ROA) and Return of Equity (ROE) of the Islamic banks in Malaysia. Hence, the findings of the study confirmed the importance of social elements, like Zakat, in the operations of Islamic banks, as well as in the banks’ performance.

Relationship between marketing strategy and profitability in industrial firms: Evidence from Jordan

A marketing strategy is a firm’s overall plan for reaching prospective consumers and turning them into permanent customers of their services or products. This paper aims to investigate the link between profitability and marketing strategy to understand how firm profitability influences marketing strategy. Moreover, it assesses the impact of return on assets (ROA) on the company’s marketing strategy. The study uses random effect regression models; a marketing strategy is measured using a sales expenses ratio, which equals sales expenses over total assets. The firm size is a control variable represented by the total sales normal logarithm. The study sample comprises Jordanian industrial shareholder companies; the analysis period is from 2005 to 2020. The study collected 808 annual observations. The findings reveal that ROA has a statistically significant effect on marketing strategy, but its components have no effect. The adj-R2 (the explanatory power) for model 1 is 18.8%, and for model 2 is 11.4%. Therefore, the main conclusion is that ROA components do not have any incremental information content in explaining the marketing strategy variance. The study recommends industrial firms in Jordan increase their profitability by adopting a diverse marketing strategy, focusing on customer satisfaction, investing in market research, using social media, and developing a strong brand image.

DO BUSINESS CHARACTERISTICS AND ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECT EFFECTIVE TAX RATE? AN EVIDENCE FROM SOUTHEAST ASIA

The corporate tax burden is known to have a substantial impact on company management and the formation of national policy. One of the ways to measure the tax burden is by using effective tax rate (ETR). Prior research suggests that each region‘s characteristics may influence ETR within the region to varying degrees. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess the impact of business characteristics and economic factors on ETR in Southeast Asia. There are 852 Southeast Asia companies used as samples in this study. The data is taken from S&P Capital over five periods from 2015-2019 and examined using a random effect regression model by STATA. The findings indicate that business characteristics and economic factors have a limited impact on ETR. By highlighting the factors that affect ETR in Southeast Asia, companies and policymakers can make better tax plans and policies.

Prevalence and types of anemia among people with tuberculosis in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Globally, tuberculosis (TB) and anemia are public health problems related with high morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, anemia is frequently manifested among people with TB in Africa, prevalence ranging from 25 to 99%. The presence of anemia is associated with an increase in individuals’ susceptibility to TB and poor treatment outcomes. Studies have reported heterogeneous estimate of prevalence of anemia among people with TB in Africa. This review aimed to estimate the prevalence of anemia among newly diagnosed people with TB n Africa. We searched studies in Medline/PubMed, Cochrane library, ScienceDirect, JBI database, the Web of Science, Google Scholar, WorldCat, Open Grey, Scopus, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, ProQuest, and African Journals Online that reported the prevalence of anemia at TB diagnosis. Two reviewers performed data extraction with pre-defined inclusion criteria. A random-effects logistic regression model was used to pool the prevalence of anemia and levels of anemia with a 95% confidence interval (CI) in STATA version 14. Heterogeneity and publication biases were explored. A total of 1408 studies were initially identified, and seventeen studies with 4555 people with TB were included in the analysis. The prevalence of anemia among people with TB in Africa was 69% (95% CI 60.57–77.51). The pooled prevalence of anemia of chronic disease was 48% (95% CI 13.31–82.75) and normocytic normochromic anemia was 32% (95% CI 13.74–50.94) while mild anemia was 34% (95% CI 20.44–46.86). Females were more anemic than males at TB diagnosis in Africa (74% vs. 66%). The finding indicates that anemia is a common co-morbidity present among people with TB, especially among females. Mild anemia and normocytic normochromic anemia were more common at TB diagnosis. The finding indicates that anemia is a common co-morbidity present among people with TB in Africa region. Hence, it is recommended to instigate a routine anemia screening at TB diagnosis to improve treatment outcomes.

Determinants of commercial bank’s non-performing loans in Bangladesh: An empirical evidence

Non-performing loan (NPL) is a red flag, providing signal of jeopardize for a country’s economy. With respect to increase in NPLs, banking sector of Bangladesh has trapped in gridlock. This problem has become an alarming issue for bank’s sustainability. The present study investigates the determinants of commercial bank’s NPLs in Bangladesh. Due to data deficiency, the study collects data from 30 sampled commercial banks in Bangladesh over the period from 2011 to 2020, as during 2011, the total scheduled commercial banks in Bangladesh were 34. The study performs Random Effect Regression Model, Fixed Effect Regression Model, and one step GMM system to get the robust and significant result. The study reports that firm-specific factors like lag of NPLs, loan loss provision to total equity ratio, equity-to-total asset ratio, capital adequacy ratio, net loan to total deposit and borrowing ratio, return on equity, and macroeconomic factors such as inflation, and GDP ratio are the crucial determinants of NPLs in Bangladesh. The study concludes that commercial banks should operate its activities more efficiently and avoid reckless lending along with mandatory capital requirement in order to reduce NPLs and to ensure profit for their shareholders. The analysis of the study would provide insight guidelines regarding bank’s credit risk management procedures and systems to country’s regulatory body in order to design and adopt required prudential regulations in credit policy.

Changes in parents' mental health related to child out-of-home care placements: A Swedish national register study

BackgroundLiterature on outcomes of children in out-of-home care (OHC) is extensive. However, less is known regarding associations of such placements with parental mental health disorders (MHD). ObjectiveThis study investigated changes in hospitalization rates due to MHD among parents, four years before and after placement of their child in OHC. Participants and settingWe used data on 4067 members (Generation 1) of the RELINK53 cohort (individuals born and living in Sweden in 1953) and their 5373 children (Generation 2) in OHC. MethodsUsing random effects regression models, associations between OHC and MHD were examined separately for fathers and mothers. Nested models were tested exploring associations with parent and child/placement-related factors. Marginal effects were computed to assess mean rates of hospitalization annually. ResultsOverall, mothers had higher mean hospitalization rates than fathers. Compared to the year of placement, hospitalization rates were significantly lower in the four years before placement for mothers (9.9 %, 9.5 %, 10.5 %, 12.1 %, respectively) and fathers (5.9 %, 7.6 %, 8 %, 9.8 %, respectively). Mothers showed highest hospitalization rates at the year of placement (26.6 %), while fathers, one year after placement (13.4 %). Hospitalization rates declined significantly directly after placement among mothers, but an unclear and non-significant pattern of results was found among fathers. ConclusionsMost parents have higher hospitalization rates at and directly after placement. Potential hypotheses underlying these findings are discussed, including psychosocial gender differences and opportunities to seek care as means of reunification. There is an urgency to develop strategies to better support these parents throughout the process.

2차 자료를 이용한 장애인의 주관적 건강도 결정요인

The aim of this research is to inspect the determinants of subjective health for people with disability. The dependent variable is subjective health; the independent variables are culture art watching, leisure sports watching, religious activity, and job satisfaction. Control variables are age, gender, personal assets, and level of disability. This study employed the panel survey for employment for the disabled as the data source. The number of observations is 1302. The study period is 2016-2018. For hypotheses testing, this study implemented panel regression models: ordinary least square, fixed effect, and random effect regression models. The results indicated that the subjective health of people with disability is positively influenced by cultural art watching, and leisure sports watching. This research ultimately presents the information for the direction of budgeting regarding people with disability.

The Effects of Job Satisfaction on the Life Satisfaction of Individuals with Disabilities

Purpose - The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of job satisfaction related attributes on the level of life satisfaction of individuals with disabilities. Job satisfaction related elements consist of wage level, job stability, working condition, career development, and communication.
 Design/methodology/approach - For the data collection, this research made use of The Korean Panel Survey of Employment for people with disabilities, with the study period consisting of 2016-2018, and the number of observations measuring 4405. For the data analysis, the ordinary least square, fixed effect, and random effect regression models were used.
 Findings - The results indicate that the life satisfaction of people with disabilities is positively influenced by wage satisfaction, job stability satisfaction, working condition satisfaction, career development satisfaction, and communication satisfaction.
 Research implications or Originality - This study informs policy makers for the design of welfare for people with disability, specifically related to their labor conditions.

Assessing the impact of wealth inequality on state capture in Latin America

PurposeThis study aims to analyze the effects of economic inequalities on state capture in Latin America. Economic inequalities are the defining issues of our time. While the effect of economic inequality has been explored before on its impact on state capture in Latin America, it has often been done in a qualitative manner. Moreover, most quantitative research to date uses poor proxy variables to assess the impact of inequalities on corruption and or state capture, such as the Gini coefficient, which suffers from a lot of missing data.Design/methodology/approachA random effects regression model is used to enable the exploitation of between level variation to greater generalize the results across the Latin American region while minimizing bias to the coefficient estimates.FindingsThe results demonstrate that the top 1% wealth inequality is highly statistically significant and positive in explaining the variation in state capture. The greater the share of wealth the 1% hold, the more state capture we should expect.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper presents the first empirical study using a novel variable, the top 1% share wealth inequality derived from the World Inequality Database that directly measures the top 1%’s share of wealth overall. The study examines the empirical effect of the top 1%’s share of wealth inequality in contributing to state capture. Nineteen Latin American countries are analyzed across the temporal period 1996–2021.

Determinants of Natural Gas Consumption in Europe: An Empirical Analysis

Natural gas consumption is a significant issue in European countries due to the Russia-Ukraine war crisis. Natural gas is very important both for household and commercial purposes. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between natural gas consumption and its determinants. Panel data collected from Eurostat and World Bank publications, consisting of five European countries spanning from 2009 to 2022, were used for this study. Panel data analysis, like the panel unit root test, shows that the panel data variables are integrated into order 1. This indicates that the estimators are sufficient since the variables in the panel are stationary. Johansen Fisher's panel cointegration test shows that there is a long-run association between natural gas consumption and its determinants. The Hausman test specified a panel random effect regression model to run the analysis of this paper, and the model indicates that there is a significant relationship between natural gas consumption and its determinants. The Panel regression model further reveals natural gas prices have a negative significant impact on natural gas consumption, which suggests that the consumption of natural gas reduces with an increase in its price. This is the current situation in European countries now following the effect of the Russian-Ukraine war. Besides, correlation analysis was applied and shows a negative and significant relationship between natural gas consumption and natural gas demand. Following the outcome of this research paper, it will be very important for the United Nations and the European Union to swiftly apply a drastic and lasting solution approach to the current Russian-Ukraine war in order to prevent further untold damages that the war could cause to the economy of European Countries.

When States Mandate Hospital Community Benefit Reports, Provision Increases.

We examined the variation in community benefit and charity care reporting standards mandated by states to determine whether state-mandated community benefit and charity care reporting is associated with greater provision of these services. We used 2011-2019 data from IRS Form 990 Schedule H for 1,423 nonprofit hospitals to create a sample of 12,807 total observations. Random effects regression models were used to examine the association between state reporting requirements and community benefit spending by nonprofit hospitals. Specific reporting requirements were analyzed to determine whether certain requirements were associated with increased spending on these services. Nonprofit hospitals in states that required reports spent a higher percentage of total hospital expenditures on community benefits (9.1%, SD = 6.2%) compared to states without these requirements (7.2%, SD = 5.7%). A similar association between the percentage of charity care and total hospital expenditures (2.3% and 1.5%) was found. The greater number of reporting requirements was associated with lower levels of charity care provision, as hospitals allocated more resources to other community benefits. Mandating the reporting of specific services is associated with greater provision of certain specific services, but not all. A concern is that when many services must be reported, the provision of charity care might be reduced as hospitals choose to allocate their community benefit dollars to other categories. As a result, policymakers may want to focus their attention on the services they most want to prioritize.

Education and agricultural household income: Comparative evidence from Vietnam and Thailand

Understanding the benefits of education is vital in formulating policy priorities, especially in developing countries. Without realizing how education affects income, the importance of education can be undervalued. This study investigates the impact of education on agricultural household income in Thailand and Vietnam by examining the Thailand Vietnam Socio-Economic Panel (TVSEP) dataset, which contains data on three provinces in each country. The random effects regression model is used to analyze the data. The findings show a positive correlation between education and income from crops and livestock and a negative correlation between education and income from both natural resource extraction and agricultural diversification. Additionally, heterogeneity in the influence of education on agricultural income across genders and ethnic groups is revealed. Even though Vietnam and Thailand are two of the largest rice exporters, being developing countries with limited farming technologies means that implications for relevant policy development are significant. Given the impact of education on the livelihood of farmers, investments in their education should be strongly encouraged to enhance their future agricultural income.

Does ESG Performance Affect Financial Performance? Evidence from Indonesia

Economic, social, and environmental issues are currently becoming major worldwide issues. Geopolitical, social, and economic power streams have focused on ESG goals, encouraging companies, investors, and governments to apply them to every aspect of business. The current constraint is that Indonesian business stakeholders are still typically focused on short-term profits, which are intended to transform towards long-term sustainability. This study examines the effect of ESG performance on corporate financial performance. The primary analysis tool in this study uses panel data regression analysis with the Random Effect Regression Model. The sample was selected from 23 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, with an observation period of 2018–2020. The results of this study indicate that the performance of ESG and its sub-dimensions has a positive effect on the financial performance of accounting-based companies as measured using ROA. However, on a market-based proxy with Tobin's Q, ESG performance and its sub-dimensions have not been able to influence the corporate financial performance. Some important reasons companies are involved in environmental, social, and governance activities are to create competitive advantage, reduce company risk, improve market performance, and enhance the company's sustainable development capabilities.

Homelessness and housing supply

ABSTRACT This research pairs point-in-time counts of adult homelessness prepared between 2015 and 2019 by 315 local housing assistance providers with data from the U.S. Census Bureau and other sources to quantify the impacts of regulatory and physical housing supply constraints on adult homelessness rates. The results from several random effects regression models suggest that a one standard deviation increase in the restrictiveness of local land use regulations directly increases the adult homelessness rate by between 9 and 12%, depending on the type of constraint. These estimated effects are uniformly smaller in magnitude than those which assume that constraints on housing supply influence homelessness indirectly through increased rents. These findings point to a need for greater coordination between land use planners and homeless assistance providers.

Multidimensional analysis of sedentary behaviour and participation in Spanish stroke survivors (Part&Sed-Stroke): a protocol for a longitudinal multicentre study

IntroductionStroke survivors usually experience long-lasting functional, emotional and social consequences that might contribute to sedentary behaviour and participation restrictions, which are important targets to address during rehabilitation. However, the trajectory...

Financial Leverage and Market Value of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

Purpose: The study examined the effect of financial leverage on market value of listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the effect of short term debt ratio, long term debt ratio, and debt to assets ratio on market value of listed DMBs in Nigeria.
 Methodology: The study adopted the ex-post facto research design. A sample of 12 DMBs was drawn from a population of 14 DMBs listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group using the filtering method. Data were sourced from annual reports and accounts of the sampled DMBs in Nigeria. The study period covered ten (10) years from 2011-2020. The random effect regression model was used for data analysis, based on the recommendations of the Hausman Specification Tests results.
 Findings: The results of the study suggested that while short term debt ratio has an insignificant positive effect on market value of DMBs in Nigeria, long term debt ratio has a perverse and insignificant effect on market value of DMBs in Nigeria. The result of the study further ascertained that debt to assets ratio has a significant positive effect on market value of DMBs in Nigeria.
 Recommendations: The study, therefore, recommended that DMBs in Nigeria should employ a higher proportion of debt financing especially when the funds will be used to increase assets utilization. The study also recommended that listed DMBs in Nigeria should prioritize short term component of financial leverage in their financing mix.