Glasses that contain Erbium oxide as a dopant exhibit garnered considerable interest for its use in photonic applications, primarily because of the intra-4f sublevel transitions of Erbium ions, which enable emission in the technologically significant 1.5 μm communications window. In this work, a series of Erbium oxide doped sodium lithium borate glasses were synthesized via melt quenching with compositions xEr2O3-(55-x)B2O3–25Li2O–10Na2O–5CaO–3SrO–2Al2O3 (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, and 5 mol%). An investigation was conducted to examine the consequences of Er3+ on the crystal structure and laser spectroscopy. Furthermore, the optical properties of the samples that were created. XRD analysis showed degradation of the glass network with increasing Er2O3 content due to disruption of boroxol rings. FTIR spectra indicated variations in BO3/BO4 ratios and Er–O vibrations with doping. Absorption spectra revealed characteristic Er3+ f-f transitions and a redshift in the UV edge. The bright field imaging proved the effect of Er3+ on the homogeneity of the surfaces. Meanwhile, 3D laser Raman mapping chemically proves the good distribution of Er2O3 on the glass surface. With an excitation under 980 nm, visible emissions at 550 and 660 nm, along with NIR emission at 1550 nm arising from Er3+ 4f levels, were observed. The results demonstrate that Er3+ doping effectively modifies the glass structure and optical properties. The borate glass host provides an excellent platform for customized erbium-doped photonic devices operating in the telecom C-band.