Hydraulic Ram Research Articles

REKAYASA KONSTRUKSI PEMANFAATAN BERAT AIR SEBAGAI ENERGI POMPA

ABSTRACT
 
 Innovation is a way to change existing condition and develop it to become a better condition, generally we do innovation to fix the existing condition to become a more valuable condition. With innovation we can get the newness of existing condition to become a condition that has its strength. In technology, innovation is required, innovation can be done by fixing one of the component or adding another system that will boost the performance of the existing system. One of the simple technology that already give benefits for society especially village society for acquiring sanitary water is hydraulic ram, this kind of pump is drived by part of the water that will be pumped, it makes this pump doesn’t need driving machine.For that, this experiment is meant to make innovation by engineering the construction that acquired from weight of water that accommodated in weight system, where at the tip of the arm is given bucket container that can be filled with water and then emptied, this condition will arise the cyclic swing movement and this movement can be used as the force emergence initator. Then we can use the emerge force to drive the hand pump.After we integrate the construction of driving system and pump, then we test it. From the test of this pump system we know that basicly, pump driving system that come from the water that accommodated in weight system has already functionate as we expected, but the driving system still need to be perfected. And as for the pump,basicly it has functionate well, in spite of there still must other repairement and perfection.
 
 Keywords: innovation pump, hydraulic ram,

Probing ultrafast processes by fifth order Stimulated Raman Scattering

We present the full diagrammatic description of non-resonant impulsive femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy in a multimode model system. In this technique the pump-probe scheme is exploited to study the vibrational structure of the sample via stimulated Raman scattering. We apply closed-time-path-loop diagrams to calculate the complete response of the system at the relevant perturbation order. We show that, in presence of low-frequency modes, coherences created by the impulsive pump modify the resulting Raman signal, which oscillates from gain to loss features, depending on the time delay between the pump and probe pulses. This leads to a redistribution of photons among the fields involved in the process and, consequently, the energy flows between fields and matter. Moreover, through this formalism, we address the case of extremely short delays in which the pump and probe fields overlap in time. We find that, even in absence of photo-induced dynamics due to absorption of the pump pulse, the overlap condition can generate time dependent features, arising from additional diagrams, which offer no contribution for well separated pulses.

Crown-Plug Pulling Performed as Riserless Light Well Intervention in the Gulf of Mexico

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 173647, ’Crown-Plug Pulling Performed as Riserless Light Well Intervention in the Gulf of Mexico - Overcoming the Challenges,’ by Garry Andrews and Angel Luviano, Welltec, prepared for the 2015 SPE/ICoTA Coiled Tubing and Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition, The Woodlands, Texas, USA, 24-25 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed. In a riserless-light-well-intervention (RLWI) operation in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), a crown plug failed to release. Slickline (SL) was the first method to be put into action. It was believed that repetitive attempts had broken the seal, resulting in saltwater inflow that had created hydrates. Twenty-five percent methanol/ethanol/ glycol was pumped while jarring, but eventually the contingency plan was activated. This consisted of a hydraulic stroking tool, which managed to remove the upper crown plug successfully and allowed the operation to continue. Introduction Electric line (e-line) has become the preferred method of intervention in the industry for a number of tasks with a growing array of lightweight solutions available to operators as an alternative to the heavy-duty approach of coiled tubing (CT) or the limited approach of SL. With the growing number of subsea wells and the greater efficiency of RLWI, logic dictates that the industry will see more and more e-line interventions for subsea wells in place of heavier interventions. The Hydraulic Stroking Tool The hydraulic stroking tool used during the operation presented here provides the necessary force for most mechanical-intervention jobs. It can push or pull a number of times, in spite of well depth or lateral deviation, during the same run. The particular tool used for this operation was designed to pull with a force of 33,000 lbf. Since this operation was completed, this hydraulic stroking tool has been redesigned to apply up to 60,000 lbf of axial force downhole with its bidirectional hydraulic ram. When plugs or stuck tools need to be pulled, specific tools and adapters can be attached to the actuator piston. All mechanical operations are run from the surface, and operations begin after the stroking tool has anchored itself. The design of this particular hydraulic stroking tool presents operators with a number of advantages, including the ability to perform mechanical interventions without “killing” the well. Additionally, the tool contains fail-safe measures that allow the system to default to a safety mode if any operational problem occurs. The hydraulic stroking tool can be used for a number of services, including opening and closing valves and sliding sleeves, retrieving and setting gas lift valves and plugs, setting straddle packers, and fishing operations. The tool is deployed stand-alone in vertical wells or conveyed by tractor and can provide services to both horizontal and extended-reach wells onshore and subsea.

Estimation of Power and Efficiency of Hydraulic Ram Pump with Re-circulation System

Estimation of Power and Efficiency of Hydraulic Ram Pump with Re-circulation System

An In Vitro Investigation of the Effect of Curve Running on Equine Distal Limb Tendon Strain

Reasons for performing studyHorses run on curves during training and competition, and are often trotted in circles to assist lameness diagnosis. The effects of moving on a curve on tendon strain in the distal limb are not known.ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of curve running on the tendons and ligaments of the equine distal limb.Study designControlled experimental study.MethodsCadaver forelimbs from 6 Thoroughbred horses were loaded on a forceplate using a hydraulic ram. Limbs were loaded to 17–33 N/kg on a flat surface and with medial and lateral wooden wedges under the hoof to simulate curve running with the limb being on the inside and outside of a curve, respectively. Tendon length was measured for the superficial and deep digital flexor tendons (SDFT and DDFT), accessory ligament of the DDFT (ALDDFT), the suspensory ligament body (SL) and the medial and lateral suspensory ligament branches (SBM and SBL) using motion capture. A mixed effects model was used for data analysis.ResultsUnder most loading conditions SL was under most strain and DDFT least. For a medial 15° wedge SDFT was under 0.4% greater load than SL (P = 0.04). SBM was under 0.48% greater strain than SBL with a lateral 20° wedge (P = 0.01), and SBL was under 1.37% greater strain than SBM with a medial 20° wedge (P<0.01).ConclusionsCurve running leads to increasing and asymmetrical strain on the suspensory ligament branches. This difference is unlikely to be sufficient to cause injury, but may assist lameness diagnosis.Ethical animal research: Research ethics committee oversight not currently required by this conference: the study was performed on material collected at an abattoir. Source of funding: R. Parkes is undertaking a PhD funded by the Horserace Betting Levy Board. Competing interests: None declared.

Forces Analysis on a Spherical Shaped Delivery Valve of Hydram Pump

Hydram pump has been found more than two centuries ago, and has been widely developed and operated to this day. However, constraints complaints by the people are easily damaged on its rubber of waste valve and delivery valve of the hydram pump. In addition, the reliability of the plate valve models is also awfully where its rubber of the valve is quickly worn or damaged. It has been reducing the interest of the community in utilizing hydram pumps. Moreover, there is no yet a comprehensive procedure in planning and making dimensions of hydram pump. Then, design of a spherical shaped delivery valve model on the hydram pump has been made ​​and tested. Considering that hydram pump is also called impulse pump which work due to the effects of water hammer, therefore, it need to know the forces that take place in the hydram pump. Then, from these forces can be calculated dimensions of hydram pump and its performance can be predicted. From the results of the study shows that dimensions and performance of the hydram pump is very close to the results of assessment that has been done. Finally, a procedure in planning a hydram pump has been recommended.

Hydraulic Ram Pumps for Irrigation in Northern Thailand

First constructed two and a half centuries ago, the hydraulic ram is one of the oldest mechanical devices for water lifting. The first application utilised the principle for the water supply of a brewery. In this set up a water valve had to be manually closed. Very soon upgrades for an automatic operation of the device were adapted. With technological progress also the ram was improved, but got superseded by electric and fuel powered pumps. Today the ram constitutes a reliable and low-maintenance, sustainable alternative to motor-driven pumps.

Inelastic response of wide flange steel beams curved by symmetrical weak axis bending using two-point loads

Point bending is commonly used for cambering and curving steel girders to large radii. In this system, a hydraulic ram or press is used to apply concentrated loads at selected points to obtain the required vertical (cambering) or horizontal (curving) curved profile from induced permanent deformations. This paper derives closed form solutions that relate loads to permanent deformations for horizontally curving wide flange steel beams based on their post-yield response. These solutions are presented in a parametric form to identify the relationship between key variables and their impact on the accuracy of the curving operation. It is shown that point bending could yield parabolic curved profiles that are within 1% of a desired circular curve if the span length to radius of curvature ratio (L / R) is less than 1.5 and the point loads are spaced at one third the beam length. Safe limits are then established on loads, strains and curvatures to avoid damaging the steel section. This leads to optimization of the point bending operation for inducing a circular profile in wide flange steel beams of any size.

Six-axis multi-anvil press for high-pressure, high-temperature neutron diffraction experiments.

We developed a six-axis multi-anvil press, ATSUHIME, for high-pressure and high-temperature in situ time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction experiments. The press has six orthogonally oriented hydraulic rams that operate individually to compress a cubic sample assembly. Experiments indicate that the press can generate pressures up to 9.3 GPa and temperatures up to 2000 K using a 6-6-type cell assembly, with available sample volume of about 50 mm(3). Using a 6-8-type cell assembly, the available conditions expand to 16 GPa and 1273 K. Because the six-axis press has no guide blocks, there is sufficient space around the sample to use the aperture for diffraction and place an incident slit, radial collimators, and a neutron imaging camera close to the sample. Combination of the six-axis press and the collimation devices realized high-quality diffraction pattern with no contamination from the heater or the sample container surrounding the sample. This press constitutes a new tool for using neutron diffraction to study the structures of crystals and liquids under high pressures and temperatures.

TIPPER FOR CONTROLLING FLOW BOXES OF POTATOES IN GRADING STATIONS

The main objectives of this study were to manufacture of tipper for controlling flow boxes of potatoes in grading stations of investment companies as alternate to the costly ( tenfold) of importing box tipper using the Egyptian facilities such as row material, local workshops and labors required with (one) tenth cost. While manufacturing of tipper take considered heavy duty different emptying angles of box tipper, 2,000kg lift as maximum lifting weight, single machine with twin hydraulic rams, Manual override in control panel, one set cradle inserts, adjustable height legs to give maximum height under conveyor of 1.6m, side safety guards, Light guards (not fitted when machine rose by 1.8m), Minimum cycle time 28 seconds and Manually adjustable flow door. Measuring indicators were tested for the local manufactured tipper at the tested emptying angles (degrees), hydraulic pressure (bar) and box capacity (ton). It was found that using the tested local tipper with emptying angle 1600 and 100 bar hydraulic pressure under 1.25 ton box capacity gave the best results in all treatment and achieving the minimum cycle time 28 seconds to empty the box and minimum bruises Therefore it is advisable to use the local manufacture tipper that showed the best results comparing the imported tipper that costing the tenfold compared to the local tipper and gave the same target

Direct generation of 2-ps blue pulses from gain-switched InGaN VCSEL assessed by up-conversion technique.

Ultra-short pulses in blue region generated from compact and low-cost semiconductor lasers have attracted much attention for a wide variety of applications. Nitride-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), having intrinsic high material gain and short cavities, favor the generation of ultra-short blue pulses via a simple gain-switching technique. In this study, we fabricated a single-mode InGaN VCSEL consisting of 10-period InGaN/GaN quantum wells (QWs). The output pulses were evaluated accurately with an up-conversion measurement system having time resolution of 0.12 ps. We demonstrated that ultra-short blue pulses, as short as 2.2 ps at 3.4 K and 4.0 ps at room temperature, were generated from the gain-switched InGaN VCSEL via impulsive optical pumping, without any post-processing. The gain-switched pulses we obtained should greatly promote the development of ultra-short blue pulse generation. In addition, this successful assessment demonstrates the up-conversion technique's usefulness for characterizing ultra-short blue pulses from semiconductor lasers.

Elasto-Plastic Stress Analysis of Thick Cylinders

– Pressure vessels often have a combination of high pressure together with high temperature such as gun barrels and high pressure hydraulic rams. For high pressure application, the cylindrical vessels are made to withstand the working pressure. These types of pressure vessels are made by two techniques, one is shrink-fit cylinders and other one is autofrettage cylinders. Autofrettage technique is used to ensure the pressure vessel highly strengthened due to prestressed effect causing the internal portion of the part to yield and resulting in internal compressive residual stresses. The present work is concerned about the elastoplastic stress analysis of thick cylinders. The numerical analysis is carried out on four different materials which are widely used in pressure vessels by using finite element software ANSYS. The elastic breakdown pressure, overstrain pressure, and bursting pressure of the cylinder are found out and the results are compared with experimental results.

Demonstration of tailored impact to achieve blast-like loading

Investigation of blast loading using mechanical devices is a viable alternative to field testing with live explosives. Using impact to simulate blast-like loads has been shown to generate repeatable loading similar to field testing with live explosives, and impact loading has the advantage of high speed camera data that is not obscured by a fireball. It is demonstrated that the UCSD Blast Simulator has the capability of generating blast-like loading on civil structures by using hydraulic rams, in which the loading is tailored in two ways. First, the careful regulation of the hydraulic pressures and valve opening/closing allows the impact to be adjusted so that the peak loads and duration of the load can be controlled. Secondly, the presence of a polyurethane material at the front of hydraulic rams determines the shape of the loading that is applied to the test specimens. These two key characteristics of the Blast Simulator, which govern the pulse duration, shape, and impulse associated with impact, are referred to as the punch and the programmer. The experimental data processing methodology relating to the punch of the hydraulic rams is described, along with a brief description of the rubber programmer material. The results of a major Blast Simulator test are shown, as well as the description of a method for incorporating all relevant aspects of the punch and the programmer into a corresponding high fidelity computer simulation. Finally, the results of this Blast Simulator test are compared to a corresponding field test using live explosives in order to demonstrate the capability of the Blast Simulator to generate blast-like loading.

High-Throughput Method to Predict Extrusion Pressure of Ceramic Pastes

A new method was developed to measure the rheology of extrudable ceramic pastes using a Hamilton MicroLab Star liquid handler. The Hamilton instrument, normally used for high throughput liquid processing, was expanded to function as a low pressure capillary rheometer. Diluted ceramic pastes were forced through the modified pipettes, which produced pressure drop data that was converted to standard rheology data. A known ceramic paste containing cellulose ether was made and diluted to various concentrations in water. The most dilute paste samples were tested in the Hamilton instrument and the more typical, highly concentrated, ceramic paste were tested with a hydraulic ram extruder fitted with a capillary die and pressure measurement system. The rheology data from this study indicates that the dilute high throughput method using the Hamilton instrument correlates to, and can predict, the rheology of concentrated ceramic pastes normally used in ceramic extrusion production processes.

The hydraulic ram (or impulse) pump

The hydraulic impulse pump utilizes a fraction of the momentum of a flowing stream to lift a small portion of that water to a higher level. There it may be accumulated in an elevated cistern to provide sufficient water for several families, for the pump works 24 h a day with no additional source of energy. The operation of the pump is described, along with a working demonstration model constructed from plastic waste pipe and fittings.

Design and Analysis of a Micro Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM)

Tunnel boring machines (TBM) excavate tunnels with a circular cross section through a variety of rock strata. They can be used to bore through hard rock or sand and almost anything in between. Tunnel diameters can range from a metre (done with micro-TBMs) to 19 metres. Tunnel boring machines are used as an alternative to drilling and blasting (D&B) methods. A TBM has the advantages of not disturbing surrounding soil and producing a smooth tunnel wall. This significantly reduces the cost of lining the tunnel, and makes them suitable to use in built-up areas. The key disadvantage is cost. TBMs are expensive to construct, difficult to transport and require significant infrastructure. A tunnel boring machine (TBM) typically consists of one or two shields (large metal cylinders) and trailing support mechanisms. At the front end of the shield a rotating cutting wheel is located. The cutting wheel will typically rotate at 1 to 10 rpm (depending on size and stratum), cutting the rock face into chips or excavating soil (muck). A TBM can cut through rock at up to one kilometre a month. Powerful hydraulic rams force the machine’s cutting head forwards as the rock is cut away called the feed. The action here is very much like an earthworm. The rear section of the TBM is braced against the tunnel walls and used to push the TBM head forward. At maximum extension the TBM head is then braced against the tunnel walls and the TBM rear is dragged forward. As tunnels has become one of the most important source of underground transportation like metro rail and other projects, this TBM can be utilized as an easy and effective machine for more better results. Because of their demonstrated capabilities in attaining high rates of advance in civil tunnel construction, the hard rock mining industry has always shown a major interest in the use of TBMs for mine developments. The successful application of TBM technology to mining depends on the selection of most suitable equipment and cutting tools for the rock and ground conditions to be encountered.

Gain-switching dynamics in optically pumped single-mode InGaN vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

The gain-switching dynamics of single-mode pulses were studied in blue InGaN multiple-quantum-well vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) through impulsive optical pumping. We measured the shortest single-mode pulses of 6.0 ps in width with a method of up-conversion, and also obtained the pulse width and the delay time as functions of pump powers from streak-camera measurements. Single-mode rate-equation calculations quantitatively and consistently explained the observed data. The calculations indicated that the pulse width in the present VCSELs was mostly limited by modal gain, and suggested that subpicosecond pulses should be possible within feasible device parameters.

Refinement of the Thermal Press Curing Process for Advanced Composites

Thermal press curing (TPC) is an alternative process to autoclaving for consolidating and curing thermoset and thermoplastic prepreg composite parts by pressing them between a heated “curing mold” and a customized rubber-faced “base mold” that are engineered to provide uniform temperature and pressure conditions. A study was performed with a kayak paddle part made from eight plies of woven carbon/epoxy prepreg material and formed by double diaphragm forming (DDF). The study expounds on the narrow body of TPC knowledge around three main objectives: (1) to experimentally compare TPC cured parts to a benchmark autoclave process using a realistic part shape with fine geometrical details, (2) to evaluate the necessity of vacuum bagging of TPC cured parts, and (3) to characterize the robustness/sensitivities of pressure application during the TPC process by varying both the total pressure applied to the base mold and the location the hydraulic press ram applied pressure to the base mold. Maximum temperature and pressure variations around the target levels over the entire clamped tool surface were measured as 5.0 °C and 5.5%, respectively, both of which were well within the manufacturer's recommendations. The TPC part had fewer defects, was generally thinner, and had a higher fiber volume fraction than a comparable autoclaved part. Little difference was observed between the TPC parts made with and without vacuum bagging. Parts with too little pressure (90%) resulted in more thickness variation and defects than too much pressure (110%). Finally, TPC parts exhibit some thickness variation, as expected, when ram force is applied off the center of pressure (COP).

ANALISA VARIASI TINGGI KELUARAN TABUNG KOMPRESOR TERHADAP UNJUK KERJA POMPA HIDRAM

Water is one factor that is very important and necessary in the life of living creatures. Therefore, water should be available whenever and wherever in sufficient number, time, and it’s quality. The distribution of water in the plateau required an environmentally friendly tool and lower of operational cost. Hydraulic Ram (Hydram) pump is a pump which does not require external energy as the main driving force. This research would observe the effect of discharge input‘s variation and high variation of the compressor tube output (Air Chamber) toward the efficiency resulting.The specifications of Hydram pump which is used in this research is a 3-inch compressor tube (Air Chamber) with 60 cm of height. On the compressor tube there are five high variations output with 10 cm range in each pump’s body. The high levels of water used is 6 meter from the pump and the high water lift (output) used is 9,2 meter. Whereas, the parameter measured in this research are discharge input, discharge output, and the efficiency.The research result shows that the variation in output which produces high output discharge is greatest at 10 cm high output is 102,24 mℓ/s for input variations discharge 12421,63 mℓ/s, while the output of the lowest discharge generated by high output 50 cm which is 42,08 mℓ/s for input variations discharge 1730,10 mℓ/s. Whereas the highest efficiency that is 5,084 % higher output obtained from 10 cm to 1730,10 mℓ/s discharge input and the lowest efficiency is 1,023 % derived from 50 cm high output with input discharge 12421,63 mℓ/s.

Influence of Diffusion Mechanisms in Aluminium Solid-state Welding Processes

The film theory of solid-state bonding states that welding requires close contact to be established between aluminium substrates, and that this is achieved by applying a strain parallel to the interface—cracking the oxide layers—and a normal contact stress, micro-extruding the substrates through the cracks. Once contact between the substrates has occurred, the inter-atomic forces of attraction cause a weld to form. Existing research, however, suggests that diffusion mechanisms contribute to the bond strength as well. In order to understand the importance of diffusion mechanisms, in this study AA1050 solid-state welds are created under varying temperatures and process times. In the experiments, two adjacent aluminium strips are stretched in a tensile testing machine and simultaneously squeezed in a perpendicular direction by two heated flat tools, pushed together by hydraulic pancake rams. Shear tests determine the strength of the resulting welds. The results are used to explain the importance of diffusion mechanisms in creating strong bonds.